What does the soy value mean. What does a blood test for ESR show: norm and deviations. Deciphering the general blood test

In this article we will talk about such a blood test as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Consider the norm of ESR in women by age in the table, explain the reasons for the deviations and tell you how to normalize its level.

What is SOE?

ESR is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the analysis of the erythrocyte sedimentation reaction (ROE) is also used.

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is one of the indicators by which you can find out about the course of inflammation, which is diverse in origin.

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a measure of how quickly erythrocytes (red blood cells) settle to the bottom of a glass tube containing a blood sample. The test actually measures the rate of fall (sedimentation) of red blood cells in a blood sample that has been placed in a tall, thin vertical tube.

How is ESR determined?

In order to find out this indicator, an anticoagulant (an element that prevents clotting) is injected into the blood for analysis and it is placed in a test tube placed in a vertical position for 60 minutes. Plasma is lighter than erythrocytes, for this reason they settle at the bottom of the tube under the influence of gravity.

The blood will be divided into two parts: red blood cells will remain at the bottom, and plasma will remain at the top. After 1 hour, the rate at which the erythrocytes descend along the height of the part of the plasma that has appeared is observed in millimeters. The number on the scale of the test tube, located at the boundary between the two parts, is called the settling rate, measured in millimeters per hour.

With diseases in the blood, the level of fibrinogen (this is one of the proteins of the acute stage of the inflammation process) and globulins (defense elements that appear in the blood to fight inflammation-causing elements - microbes, viruses) increases, which can lead to sticking and precipitation erythrocytes and an increase in the rate.

As a rule, ESR begins to rise a day or two after the inflammation has begun, and it becomes much higher somewhere in the second week of the disease, sometimes the peak occurs at the time of the cure for the disease. This is due to the fact that the body needs time to produce antibodies in the required amount. Measuring an indicator several times will provide more information than measuring a given indicator just once.

Various methods are used to determine the level of the indicator. The most common in Russia remains Panchenkov's method. At the world level, the most common measurement method is Westergren analysis.

These methods can be distinguished from each other by different test tubes and a result scale. The range of the norm for these methods is the same, but the second method is more sensitive to an increase in the indicator, and in the range of values ​​above the norm, the results taken by the second method are greater than the results that were found out by the Panchenkov method.

The norm of ESR in the blood in women by age (table)

Reference (permissible) values ​​are selected individually, taking into account the age, stage or duration of pregnancy. It is up to each woman to interpret the information received from the analysis. However, the findings are of no diagnostic value without a complete history. You should provide a transcript of the results and clarification of the diagnosis to the attending physician.

The table below summarizes the ESR indicators characteristic of a healthy woman.

Reasons for increasing and decreasing ESR

ESR is determined by a large number of factors.

During the period of bearing a child, the protein composition of the blood changes in women, which leads to an increase in the indicator at a given time.

Level fluctuations in different periods of the day are allowed, the highest level of ESR is common for the day.

If there is infection or inflammation in the acute stage, fluctuations in ESR can be seen a day after the onset of fever and the appearance of a large number of leukocytes.

If the inflammation is chronic, fluctuations in the index occur due to an increase in the concentration of specific proteins and antibodies. The viscosity of the blood and the total number of erythrocytes also have a great influence on the speed. For example, when there is a serious decrease in blood viscosity, an increase in the indicator may well occur, and in diseases associated with an increase in red blood cells, on the contrary, the viscosity increases and the sedimentation rate decreases.

ESR increases with the following problems and diseases:

• respiratory diseases (ARI,);
• inflammation of the bladder, as a result of infection;
• non-specific inflammation with a primary lesion of the pyelocaliceal system of the kidneys;
• infection (, infective endocarditis, (blood poisoning));
• giant cell arteritis;
• systemic ;
• kawasaki syndrome ;
• inflammatory;
• renal failure,;
• certain types of cancer;
• rheumatic and bacterial inflammation of the inner lining of the heart;
• nonspecific, brucellosis, gonorrheal polyarthritis;
• poisoning;
• injuries, bruises, sprains;
• obesity;
• prolonged bleeding;
• , etc.

ESR decreases with the following problems and diseases:

• diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• simultaneous malfunctions of the liver and biliary tract;
• starvation and lack of minerals and vitamins in the body;
• with prolonged nutrition of plant and dairy foods with the rejection of meat foods of animal origin;
• the use of liquids in large quantities;
• use of steroid hormones
• (shift of the acid-base balance of the body in the direction of increasing acidity).
• frequent use of acetylsalicylic acid tablets.

In most cases, deviations in ESR indicate inflammation in the body. Diseases associated with an increase in blood cells, changes in the composition of blood proteins. However, an ESR blood test is not used alone to diagnose any of the above conditions. The doctor usually combines the analysis with other studies.

ESR is considered a non-specific test because high readings often indicate inflammation but do not tell doctors where the inflammation is located in the body or what is causing the disease process. Conditions other than inflammation can affect the erythrocyte sedimentation response. For this reason, ESR is commonly used in conjunction with other studies. Often carried out with analysis for.

During pregnancy

When carrying a fetus, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in women is examined 4 times:

• at the beginning after fertilization up to the 4th month;
• at 20-21 weeks of gestation;
• at 28-30 weeks;
• before the end of pregnancy (childbirth).

Due to hormonal changes that last throughout the entire period of development in the body of the fetus, the level of ESR in a woman changes significantly during 9 months of pregnancy, and may also change for some time after childbirth.

• 1 trimester of pregnancy. The rate of ESR in the blood in the first 30 days of pregnancy is unstable: depending on the build, body shape and individual characteristics, the indicator can be low (12 mm / h) or increased (up to 40 mm / h).
• 2nd trimester of pregnancy. At this time, the condition of expectant mothers normalizes and the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation becomes 20-30 mm / h.
• 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The last terms of gestation are characterized by a significant increase in the permissible norm of ESR - from 25 to 40 mm / h. Such sharp indicators indicate the rapid development of the embryo in the womb and does not require therapy.

After childbirth, ESR in women remains high, because as a result of labor pains, a woman can lose a lot of blood. For a couple of months after the birth of a baby, ESR can reach 35 mm / h. When hormonal processes are rebuilt back to normal, the ESR level in a woman decreases to 0-20 mm / h.

During menopause in women

Age-related restructuring in a woman's body is characterized by strong hormonal disruptions, which affects plasma and blood cells. During the norm of ESR in the blood, it mainly increases, and can reach up to 50 mm / h.

In women after 50-60 years, the level of erythrocyte sedimentation can be quite elevated (up to 30 mm / h), which is the norm, if other blood parameters do not exceed acceptable normal values.

However, after the menopause, ESR in the blood in women more than 50 mm / h may indicate the following pathologies:

• hyperfunction of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism, occurring in 40% of women after 45 years);
• cancer of any organ;
• rheumatism;
• STD;
• pathology of the urinary system.

A reduced level of ESR during menopause and during the postmenstrual syndrome always indicates pathological processes in a woman's body.

Preparation for the delivery of analyzes for ESR

There is no special preparation for testing for the erythrocyte sedimentation reaction. There are a number of drugs that can affect the result of the tests:

• androgens, in particular testosterone;
• estrogens;
• sodium salicylate and other drugs, analgesics and antipyretics from the group of salicylic acid derivatives;
• valproic acid;
• divalproex sodium;
• phenothiazines;
• prednisone.

Tell your doctor if you have recently used anything on the list.

How is the procedure for taking blood

In adults, blood is taken from a vein in the arm. In the case of infants, blood can be taken by pricking the heel with a small needle (lancet). If blood is taken from a vein, the surface of the skin is cleaned with an antiseptic, and an elastic band (tourniquet) is placed around the arm to induce pressure. A needle is then inserted into a vein (usually at elbow level on the inside of the arm or on the back of the hand) and blood is drawn, which is collected in a tube or syringe.

After the procedure, the gum is removed. As soon as enough blood is collected for the study, the needle is removed, the area is covered with a cotton pad or cotton swab with alcohol to stop the bleeding. The collection of blood for this test takes only a few minutes.

Complications when taking blood

Any of the methods of drawing blood (from the heel or from the vein) will cause temporary discomfort, and the only thing you will feel is a prick. Subsequently, it is possible that a small bruise will form, which should disappear in a few days.

What to do if ESR deviated from the norm?

If there are no complaints other than a change in ESR, or if the patient has recently had infectious diseases, the doctor will again conduct ESR studies in a week. If the erythrocyte sedimentation rate returns to the normal range during the next test, it is enough to wait and perform a new test.

However, if the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is still elevated or other symptoms appear, additional examinations (such as LDH, transaminases, creatinine,) are necessary. If necessary, the doctor also performs an ultrasound scan of the abdomen or a chest X-ray.

How to reduce the level of ESR

If the cause of the increased ESR is an infectious or inflammatory disease, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs will help reduce the rates.

If the deviations are caused by pregnancy, the ESR will return to normal after the birth of the child.

In some cases, folk remedies are used to relieve inflammation. Particularly popular in acute infectious diseases are medicines based on herbs, garlic, onion, lemon, beetroot, honey(and other bee products, for example:). Decoctions, infusions, teas are prepared from herbs. Most effective mother and stepmother, chamomile, linden flower, raspberry.

For a long time, beetroot products have been used to treat acute infections. To prepare a healing drink, several beets must be boiled for 3 hours over low heat, then cooled, strained and drink 50 ml of the drink. You can squeeze freshly squeezed beetroot juice and take 50g per day for 10 days. Another option is to replace the juice with raw beets, grated.

You can also use all citrus fruits: oranges, grapefruits, lemon. Tea with raspberry and lime is very useful.

Nutrition with elevated ESR

The level of ESR and lymphocytes increases as a result of inflammation. There are a number of products that can reduce inflammation and normalize ESR:

• omega 3 and 6 fatty acids found in fatty fish oil will reduce inflammation in the body;
• Olive oil contains antioxidants called polyphenols that will help reduce or prevent inflammation.
• also foods high in antioxidants (spinach, yogurt, nuts, carrot-carrot juice).

Avoid:

• foods high in saturated or trans fats;
• Sahara.

Conclusion

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a useful, simple, and inexpensive laboratory test that, despite its centuries of performance, continues to be a valuable tool in medical work, especially in rheumatology, hematology, and other fields.

Its indication and interpretation require reasonable thinking to underestimate or overestimate the result, always subject to a number of factors specific to the pathology and evolution of different types of patients.

What is another name for this indicator? erythrocyte sedimentation reaction, ROE, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Additional Information

What do red blood cells say to a doctor?

90 percent of all blood cells are red blood cells. Their color comes from the red blood pigment (hemoglobin), an iron-containing protein that can bind oxygen and, in particular, carbon dioxide.

Diagnosis of anemia

The concentration of red blood pigment can be determined by a blood sample. In addition, the number of red blood cells is determined. If both sizes are reduced, this indicates anemia. The causes may be blood loss, a violation of the formation of red blood cells. If the doctor detects anemia, he will begin further research to identify the causes of the disorder. A common cause is iron deficiency.

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[02-007 ] Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

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A test that evaluates the rate at which blood separates into plasma and red blood cells. The rate of separation is mainly determined by the degree of their aggregation, i.e., the ability to stick together with each other.

Russian synonyms

Erythrocyte sedimentation reaction, ROE, ESR.

SynonymsEnglish

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Sed rate, Sedimentation rate, Westergren sedimentation rate.

Research method

Method of capillary photometry.

Units

mm/h (millimeter per hour).

What biomaterial can be used for research?

Venous, capillary blood.

How to properly prepare for research?

• Eliminate alcohol from the diet for 24 hours prior to the study.
• Do not eat for 2-3 hours before the study (you can drink clean non-carbonated water).
• Stop taking medications 24 hours before the study (as agreed with the doctor).
• Eliminate physical and emotional overstrain for 30 minutes before the study.
• Do not smoke for 30 minutes prior to the study.

General information about the study

Determination of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is an indirect method for detecting an inflammatory, autoimmune, or oncological disease. It is performed on a sample of venous or capillary blood, which has been added to a substance that allows it not to clot (anticoagulant). When analyzing ESR by the Panchenkov method, blood is placed in a thin glass or plastic test tube and monitored for an hour. At this time, erythrocytes (red blood cells), as having a large specific gravity, settle, leaving a column of transparent plasma above them. According to the distance from the upper border of the plasma to the erythrocytes, the ESR is calculated. Normally, red blood cells settle slowly, leaving very little pure plasma. For this method, a Panchenkov apparatus is used, consisting of a stand and capillary pipettes with a scale of 100 mm.

In capillary photometry (automatic analyzers ROLLER, TEST1) the kinetic method of "stopped jet" is used. At the beginning of the ESR analysis, a programmed mixing of the sample takes place in order to disaggregate the erythrocytes. Ineffective disaggregation or the presence of microclots can affect the final result, since the analyzer actually measures the kinetics of erythrocyte aggregation. In this case, the measurement takes place in the range from 2 to 120 mm / h. The results of measuring ESR by this method have a high correlation with the Westergren method, which is the reference for determining ESR in the blood, and the same reference values.

The results obtained when using the method of capillary photometry, in the region of normal values, coincide with the results obtained when determining the ESR by the Panchenkov method. However, the capillary photometry method is more sensitive to an increase in ESR, and the results in the zone of elevated values ​​are higher than the results obtained by the Panchenkov method.

An increase in the level of pathological proteins in the liquid part of the blood, as well as some other proteins (the so-called acute-phase proteins that appear during inflammation) contributes to the "gluing" of red blood cells. Because of this, they settle faster and the ESR rises. It turns out that any acute or chronic inflammation can lead to an increase in ESR in the blood.

The fewer red blood cells, the faster they settle, so women have a higher ESR than men. The norm of ESR is different depending on gender and age.

What is research used for?

• To diagnose diseases associated with acute or chronic inflammation, including infections, cancers, and autoimmune diseases. The determination of ESR is sensitive, but one of the least specific laboratory tests, since an increase in ESR in the blood alone does not allow determining the source of inflammation, in addition, it can occur not only due to inflammation. That is why the ESR analysis is usually used in combination with other studies.

When is the study scheduled?

• During diagnostics and monitoring:
  • inflammatory diseases,
  • infectious diseases,
  • oncological diseases,
  • autoimmune diseases.
• When conducting preventive examinations in conjunction with other studies (general blood count, leukocyte formula, etc.).

What do the results mean?

Reference values ​​(ESR norm - table)

The results of this analysis must be interpreted in the light of clinical findings, medical history, and other analyses.

Causes of increased ESR in the blood

• Infectious diseases (usually bacterial causes). ESR can increase in both acute and chronic infectious diseases.
• Inflammatory diseases.
• Connective tissue diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic scleroderma, vasculitis).
• Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis).

1. Oncological diseases:
   1. Myeloma. As a rule, it is accompanied by a very high level of ESR in the blood, because with it pathological proteins are synthesized in large quantities, which cause the formation of erythrocyte "coin columns".
   2. Hodgkin's disease is a malignant disease of the lymph nodes. The ESR indicator is usually used not to make a diagnosis, but to monitor the course and effectiveness of treatment of an already diagnosed disease.
   3. Cancer of various localizations, especially hemoblastoses. It is believed that an extremely high level of ESR in the blood indicates the spread of the tumor beyond the primary focus (i.e., metastases).

• Myocardial infarction. With it, damage to the heart muscle occurs, which causes a systemic inflammatory response and, accordingly, an increase in ESR. After a heart attack, ESR peaks about a week later.
• Anemia. A decrease in the number of erythrocytes can lead to an increase in their sedimentation rate.
• Burns, injuries.
• Amyloidosis is a disease associated with the accumulation of an abnormal protein in the tissues.

Causes of a decrease in ESR in the blood

• Diseases that are accompanied by a change in the shape of red blood cells, such as sickle cell anemia or hereditary spherocytosis (these make it difficult for red blood cells to settle).
• Polycythemia (an increase in the number of red blood cells) and conditions that lead to it, such as, for example, chronic heart failure or lung disease.

What can influence the result? Leukocyte formula

Who orders the study?

Therapist, oncologist, hematologist, infectious disease specialist.

An important indicator in the general blood test (CBC) is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The marker evaluates the work of the internal systems of a person. If the norm of ESR in the blood does not correspond to the permissible values ​​​​(increased or greatly reduced), we can talk about pathological processes in the body of a different nature.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is part of a complete blood count

Norm of ESR in the blood - table by age

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is not a constant value, because it is closely related to age, gender and some physiological changes (pregnancy, menstrual cycle). The marker unit is mm per hour. Within 60 minutes, the rapidity of precipitation of blood cells is observed.

Table "The norm of ESR in the blood by age and gender"

Reasons for the deviation of indicators from the norm

In 5% of people on the planet, the rate of sedimentation of blood cells is very different from the norm. This is due to their physiological characteristics and is not a pathology. If disturbances in the KLA are not associated with natural processes in the body, this indicates the development of specific diseases.

ESR above normal

A high rate of precipitation of blood cells is a clear sign of pathology. It is also called accelerated ESR syndrome. According to ICD 10 (International Classification of Diseases), this indicator is allocated to a separate group R70 - accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation and anomalies in blood viscosity.

The causes of this condition may be the following diseases:

• inflammation in the internal organs - hepatitis, cystitis, pneumonia, colds, tuberculosis, purulent lesions (sepsis), meningitis;
• infectious processes of the respiratory tract;
• condition after surgery;
• anemia;
• oncology (usually ESR goes off scale with cancer in the last stages);
• excess of the permissible amount of cholesterol in the blood against the background of severe obesity or diabetes mellitus;
• chronic or acute impairment of kidney function.

Elevated ESR may indicate an excess of cholesterol

Frequent factors that can affect the level of ESR in the blood are:

• shock, stress;
• taking hormonal drugs;
• the period of gestation or breastfeeding;
• elderly age.

With accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation syndrome, the symptoms of the disease may not appear. In this case, only an increased ESR in the KLA can indicate abnormal deviations in the body.

Decreased ESR

A decrease in the rate of sedimentation of blood cells is considered a pathology if the patient has severe dystrophy of muscle tissue or there are problems in water-salt synthesis.

There are no other serious reasons for slowing down the ESR, but there are non-pathological factors for weak erythrocyte sedimentation:

• low protein nutrition;
• fasting partial or complete;
• early pregnancy.

Decreased ESR rates are observed in early pregnancy

The use of hormonal drugs (corticosteroids) can also slow down the formation of erythrocyte sediment. After completion of treatment, the tests return to normal.

Methods for testing blood for ESR

The level of blood cell sedimentation rate is examined in two main ways:

• according to Panchenkov;
• according to Westergner.

According to Westergner

For research, venous blood is taken. The glass tube is used with an exact division into 200 lines, 1 mm each. The mixing of blood with the reagent takes place in a test tube and is left for 1 hour. After the allotted time, a column of blood plasma is measured without settled erythrocytes.

The study of biological material according to Westergner is a very sensitive analysis, the reliability of which is quite high, which is recognized in international medical practice.

The reliability of ESR according to Westergner is very high

According to Panchenkov

The Panchenkov method is a well-known blood test from a finger.

How to conduct:

• capillary blood sampling is carried out by puncturing the ring finger with a scarifier;
• biological material is removed with a glass tube graduated to 100 divisions;
• a specific solution (coagulant) is placed on a special glass of a concave shape and the test blood is added in a ratio of 1 to 4;
• lost the ability to thicken, the liquid is drawn into a pipette - Panchenkov's capillary, - set in a standing position and wait 60 minutes, during which erythrocyte sedimentation occurs;
• the distance from the beginning of the brightened plasma to the deposit is measured (in mm).

The method of measuring ESR according to Panchenkov is very common in medical practice, but its sensitivity is lower than with a clinical analysis of blood from a vein.

According to the Panchenkov method, blood and coagulant are first placed on a special glass

How to prepare for a blood draw

A blood test to detect ESR does not require special preparation for the patient.

It is enough to follow a few simple recommendations:

• stop eating and any drinks 4-5 hours before the procedure;
• avoid stress and anxiety a few hours before donating blood;
• 30–40 minutes before sampling, refrain from smoking;
• do not overdo it with physical activity on the eve of the test.

Do not smoke before testing

Experts do not advise conducting a clinical analysis against the background of severe stress, overwork of the body or taking hormonal drugs. This can distort the results of the study, significantly increasing the rate of sedimentation of blood cells.

ESR in a child - Komarovsky

Fatty foods affect ESR

False-positive results can also occur in women during menstruation, as well as in late pregnancy. Medical error is not ruled out. Therefore, for the reliability of the decoding, before taking blood, you must fulfill all the requirements of a specialist, and, if necessary, retake the analysis again.

How to lower the ESR in the blood

An increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in itself is not a pathology. The indicator only indicates possible deviations in the work of internal organs. Therefore, it is not necessary to purposefully reduce the ESR. The values ​​in the clinical analysis are normalized independently after the course of drug therapy for a particular disease.

If the rate of precipitation of blood cells is observed in a healthy person, experts recommend:

• use vitamin complexes and mineral supplements prescribed by a doctor;
• to refuse from bad habits;
• stick to proper nutrition.

Regular consumption of freshly squeezed beetroot juice, citrus juices with honey helps to quickly reduce the level of ESR. It is possible to gradually normalize this indicator by minimizing stressful situations, moderate physical exertion and good sleep.

Beetroot juice well lowers ESR

Accelerated sedimentation of blood cells in biological material is a non-permanent marker that is sensitive to many stimuli. It can increase both during inflammatory and infectious processes in the body, and respond to a person’s lifestyle (insufficient mobility, bad habits, medication, temporary physiological changes). Therefore, treatment begins only after identifying the true cause of deviations in the normal ESR.

A detailed ESR blood test, what is it? It shows the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Deciphering the results allows you to determine the state of the internal organs and systems of the human body, timely diagnose certain pathologies. The laboratory non-specific indicator of ESR is one of the first that the attending physician pays attention to when receiving answers. For full awareness on this issue, it will be interesting to consider what ESR is in a blood test.

Information about ESR

A general blood test acts as a proven method for establishing the internal processes occurring in the human body. Deciphering a blood test detects hemoglobin saturation, hematocrit value, parameters of erythrocyte indices and the number of blood cells. In addition to these data, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or the erythrocyte sedimentation reaction (ROE) is detected. In fact, both of these abbreviations denote the same process.

What does ESR mean and what does this indicator report? An increased or decreased ESR value can diagnose the development of inflammation. Any inflammatory process is necessarily accompanied by an increase in the number of immunoglobulins and fibrinogen in the blood - proteins that promote immune functions.

If pathology is present, red blood cells stick together and precipitate in the bloodstream. In a general blood test, the ESR rate in this case increases on the first, maximum on the second day and indicates the development of inflammation. Additional research will be required to establish the localization of the focus of the disease. Because an analysis on ESR can only show the presence of a pathology, but does not diagnose which particular organ or system is affected by the inflammatory process and the cause of the occurrence.

What is ROE becomes clear from the above information, since the concept is identical to ESR. The ROE contraction was used until a new interpretation of the erythrocyte sedimentation process emerged. The value of ROE in a blood test demonstrates the speed, and not the reaction, as previously assumed, as evidenced by the definition of ROE as an erythrocyte sedimentation reaction.

Options for identifying ESR or ROE

A detailed blood test for ESR is carried out in several ways:

Panchenkov. The method consists in filling the capillary with a five percent composition of trisubstituted sodium citrate up to the “P” mark, followed by transfer to a special glass. Further, the same graduated Panchenkov's capillary is filled twice with the patient's blood up to the "K" mark, followed by blowing onto a watch glass in both cases. Then the blood mixed with trisubstituted sodium citrate is again placed in the capillary up to the “K” mark and placed on a tripod in a vertical position for an hour. Then evaluate the result in millimeters.

Westergren and its variations. This approach is used all over the world as the ESR analysis recommended by the International Union for Standardization in Hematology. At present, the method is automated, which gives it an undoubted advantage over other methods. The technology is carried out using test tubes and calibration of the results scale.

The Westergren method is more susceptible to an increase in the level of ESR, and the results are more accurate than the Panchenkov method. To get a blood test for the ROE indicator, you will need venous blood taken with trisubstituted sodium citrate in the required combination. Venous blood can also be used in combination with ethylenediaminetetraacetate and then diluted with saline or sodium citrate in the required ratio.

ESR is calculated per hour, the result is taken into account in millimeters.

Calculation of the movement of erythrocyte aggregation. Measurement of erythrocyte aggregation is carried out automatically, thanks to a special device from Alifax, which simulates the microcapillary of a blood vessel. Venous or capillary blood can serve as an object of study.

Identification of ESR using analyzers. Alifax ESR meters are used to determine the erythrocyte sedimentation rate by measuring optical density. The latest model in this area, the TEST1 THL is equipped with state-of-the-art software that allows the use of advanced latex controls.

Interpretation of test results

To identify ESR indications, a decoding of laboratory tests by a qualified specialist is needed. As a result of the study of the composition of the blood to determine the ROE, three answers can be obtained. The most favorable of the OAK results is when the ESR coefficient is normal.

ESR norm

Due to specific differences in the chemical composition and degree of blood viscosity in men and women, the rate of ESR in different sexes is different. Age also affects the rate of sedimentation of red blood cells in a healthy person. In adults, the upper threshold of ESR readings tend to increase not due to pathologies, but due to age-related changes in the body. This is eloquently evidenced by the data given in the table.

Table of changes in the values ​​of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate

For childhood, a very low concentration of protein in the blood is characteristic, on which the reduced ESR also depends. So in newborns, up to 1 month, the norm is the ESR value, which is 1-2 mm / h. Starting from a monthly period and up to six months, the level rises significantly to 2-4 mm / h. And from six months to a year it is 4-9 mm / h. Such a sharp surge is associated with the active development of a growing organism. Later, about 10–15 years, the ESR readings stabilize in the region of 4–12 mm/h.

An exception to the rule when the allowable blood rate is calculated is pregnancy. During this period, ESR readings can reach up to 45 mm/h. The increase begins from 10-11 weeks of pregnancy and can persist for a month after delivery.

Elevated ESR

What does an increase in the rate of red blood cell sedimentation indicate? If an increase in ESR readings is found in the analyzes, physiological factors must first be excluded. Such circumstances may include:

• elderly age;
• pregnancy;
• postpartum or menstrual period in women;
• excess body weight;
• individual characteristics of the organism.

When all exceptional causes are taken into account, an elevated ESR usually indicates a possible pathology. Among the deviations indicated by an overestimated ESR, there may be:

• bacterial infections.
• Postoperative or shock conditions.
• Diseases of the ligamentous apparatus.
• Oncological diseases.
• Iron-deficiency anemia.
• Foci of inflammation and other ailments.

An increase in ESR may occur during the course of treatment with certain pharmacological drugs. Such means, for example, include glucocorticoids, estrogens, contraceptives, and others. As well as therapeutic procedures.

Reduced ESR

When a blood test for ESR shows a reduced level, this is not necessarily a sign of a serious deviation in health. A slight decrease in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is often observed in vegetarians or after a diet, and it also happens to accompany the 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy. Taking corticosteroid hormones can lead to a decrease in ESR.

With an impressive decrease in the reaction of sedimentation of red blood cells, or if not feeling well is added to this factor, then it makes sense to assume the development of a pathological process. Deviations indicating a decrease in ESR may include:

• Improper hyperhydration.
• Developing myodystrophy.
• Sickle cell anemia.
• hereditary spherocytosis.
• Erythrocytosis and leukocytosis and other diseases.

It is important to know that a clinical blood test is classified as a non-specific laboratory diagnosis. Consequently, with fluctuations in the direction of increasing or decreasing the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a more detailed examination is recommended. The direction of which should depend on the symptoms that concern the patient.

In contact with

As you know, during a general or preventive examination, it is imperative to take a blood test. It explores many different meanings. Among them is the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate. You can also find another name for this analysis - ROE, where P is a reaction. Of course, it is impossible to talk about any specific disease with a deviation from the norm (increase) of this indicator. But this is the first signal to start a deeper study of the body.

Average ESR

It is worth noting that the settling rate depends not only on the age of the patients, but also on their gender. What indicators are considered to be the norm:

• in children (here the gender difference does not play a role yet) 3-12 mm / h;
• for those whose age has exceeded the mark of 75 years, the value can reach 20 mm / h;
• for men 1-10 mm/h;
• in women - 2-5 mm / h.

Important! In this case, mm / h means how much erythrocytes fall in a period of time equal to one hour under their own weight. The process is carried out in a vertical vessel with the addition of a blood clotting neutralizer. The latter is excluded so that the result is clear without the formation of an erythrocyte clot. In this regard, we can conclude that this indicator is primarily affected by the composition of the plasma and the number of red blood cells, plus their usefulness.

And yet it is worth noting that in a healthy body, erythrocytes, having a certain charge, repel each other. This is done on purpose so that they can slip through even the narrowest capillaries. If this charge changes, then there will be no push. Taurus just "stick together." As a result, a precipitate is obtained, according to which the value of the ROE is determined.

When You Shouldn't Worry About Increased RBC Response

• taking hormonal preparations, contraceptives;
• lactation;
• pregnancy (an increase in the indicator starts from about the fifth week and can reach 40 mm / h in the absence of various complications. At the same time, the indicator reaches its maximum on the 3-5th day after childbirth. This is due to injuries during the birth of the baby);
• toxicosis of varying severity;
• breast-feeding;
• the so-called critical days (before menstruation, the ESR jumps up, but by the middle of the “week” it returns to normal. This is influenced not only by hormones, but also by the difference in the protein composition of the blood on different days of the cycle).

There are also a number of features related to representatives of both sexes:

• anemia (regardless of origin);
• vaccinations and / or infectious diseases (more precisely, the restoration of immunity after them);
• overweight;
• diet or fasting;
• taking hormonal drugs;
• postoperative/rehabilitation period.

But in any case, the doctor should conduct additional tests, because there may be several reasons.

Important! The main reason for a high ESR in the blood is a change in the hormonal background, which means that if its change is not associated with a disease, then you should not worry about a change in the rate of red blood cells.

"Bad" increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and its causes

In fact, there are many reasons for increasing ESR - here are the main ones:

• various infections;
• inflammatory diseases;
• suppurative sores;
• autoimmune diseases;
• neoplasms in the body;
• tissue destruction;
• and so on.

And now more about each of them.

Another reason for the increase in ESR in the blood can be an inflammatory process in any part of the human body. What is the reason for this? With inflammation, a change occurs in the blood plasma - more precisely, in its composition. And in this article it was already mentioned that the rate of fall / sedimentation of erythrocytes directly depends on its composition. Also, the inflammatory process can change the charge of the erythrocyte membrane, which will also lead to an increase in its sedimentation rate. Accordingly, the faster the disease progresses and the stronger the inflammatory process itself, the more the ESR increases. The downside is that the value cannot determine the location of the infection. It can be in the brain, and in the kidneys, for example, or in general in the lymph node (and we have more than 500 of them, by the way) or the lung.

As you know, suppurative processes paint a vivid picture in the analyzes and it is almost impossible not to notice them. But, like all diseases, "pustules" have their exceptions. These include the problems of people with low immunity. In this case, the onset of decay will not be determined even by the number of leukocytes - they will not go much beyond the generally accepted norm. Such abscesses include abscesses, sepsis, phlegmon, or, for example, furunculosis. Only an increase in the rate of fall of erythrocytes will give them away.

But autoimmune diseases greatly increase the ESR. This indicator stays high for a long time and very slowly and “reluctantly” returns to the normal value. These include arthritis, both rheumatic and rheumatoid, thrombocytopenic purpura, scleroderma, vasculitis, lupus erythematosus, and the like. The problem with these diseases is that they "reprogram" the human immune system. The body begins to confuse "good" with "bad" and actually begins to destroy its own tissues, mistaking them for foreign ones. Thus, the composition of blood plasma changes greatly. It becomes, so to speak, inferior - it is oversaturated with various immune complexes. Accordingly, this increases the erythrocyte sedimentation rate itself.

You can not go past cancer as the cause of changes in ESR. The indicator increases slightly, but steadily. This reason becomes especially relevant for people of the older generation, starting at about 40 years old. But even earlier, this danger should not be ruled out either. The presence of neoplasms (benign as well as malignant ones are taken into account), regardless of their location in the body, equally affect the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Exceptions include a form of cancer such as leukemia, bone marrow disease, or various forms of changes in the hematopoietic tissue. Here the jump in speed will be quite high. Therefore, if there are no visible reasons for the increase in the ESR value, it is worth starting a full oncological examination.

Attention! Do not joke with such dangerous diseases as malignant neoplasms. If they are detected early (due to the erythrocyte sedimentation rate), treatment can completely destroy the cancer, or at least it will be possible to get by with light drugs without resorting to heavy chemotherapy or surgery. But in fact, this is how you can save a person’s life, preventing him from “burning out like a match from an illness.”

Another reason for the increase in ESR is the destruction of body tissues. In this case, the indicator will grow gradually, the stronger and more acute the problem becomes, the higher and more critical the erythrocyte sedimentation rate will be. Such dangers include myocardial infarction, burns, impaired blood supply to the limbs, and so on.

And in conclusion, we can say that self-treatment with an increase in ESR is by no means acceptable.

If, for example, a person did tests “for himself” (in a private clinic, for example), then he himself, without special education and great knowledge in the medical field, will not be able to establish the cause and a specific diagnosis. You need to see a doctor urgently. Since, as described above, in most cases, in terms of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, it is possible to determine the initial stages of most serious or even terrible diseases. Don't joke with your health. It is better to entrust it to professionals. After all, it depends on how long you live, and what your last years will be like.