What is targeted admission to a university and how to get a higher education for free. Sberbank and the Higher School of Economics announce enrollment in the Finance program

When preparing for admission, applicants ask themselves a variety of questions: what to prefer - a budgetary or paid department, a state university or a commercial one, which department to choose in the future, will the specialty be in demand? Every year there are more and more opportunities. And recently another interesting option has appeared - targeted technique.

Incredibly popular in Soviet times, the target technique is back in fashion. Some see this as a return to government distribution. In reality, everything is much more democratic: whether or not to enroll in a direction from an organization is your decision, and working for five years after graduating from a university is not as strictly obligatory as in the old days.

The Russian government has long been seriously concerned about the decline in the efficiency of spending on training specialists. In some industries, for example in agriculture, medicine, education, there is an acute shortage of personnel. There is simply no one left to work in the most important areas that support the country’s economy and culture! Therefore, the State Personnel Training Plan, the Decree of the Moscow Government and about 25 other documents and orders appeared, designed to improve the educational process and revive targeted admissions. And applicants have expanded their opportunities: they can apply to budget, commercial or targeted places.

According to the law of 2004, targeted training of specialists is carried out at the request of municipalities at the expense of the federal budget. A commission is created that finds out exactly what specialists the region's enterprises need and accumulates this information. The municipality also finds applicants for the target places.

But for now, the old targeted admission scheme continues to operate in universities: when applicants are sent by specific enterprises, which pay for their education. After receiving a diploma, you will need to work at this enterprise for at least three years or return all the money for five years of study.

Who and where

Among the target audience are not only yesterday's schoolchildren, but also officials and seconded reputable specialists, whom organizations send to receive a second higher or additional education in MBA programs.

Targeted admission is practiced in many well-known universities in Moscow: Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Russian State Medical University (RGMU), State University of Management (SUU), Russian Economic Academy named after. G.V. Plekhanov, All-Russian State Tax Academy of the Ministry of Taxes and Duties of the Russian Federation (VGNA), etc.

Typically, targeted admission for residents of Moscow and the Moscow region does not differ from that for residents of other regions and is regulated by the “Regulations on targeted admission.” However, for example, in agricultural universities, preference is given to children from the outback, who are sent by agro-industrial enterprises. And some educational institutions provide places specifically for accepting applicants from Chechnya or for graduates of schools in Moscow and the Moscow region. Thus, at the Moscow Pedagogical State University (MPGU) in 2006, Muscovites and residents of the Moscow region were allocated: 158 places for full-time education in various specialties, from history to computer science, and 24 places for part-time education. In some universities, “target students” are accepted only for full-time study (RGMU), in others - for evening studies (MSIU).

Competition is required

Applicants in the target area undergo a separate competition - as a rule, it is not large. However, in the secretariat of the Moscow State Agricultural Engineering University. V.P. Goryachkina says that it is difficult to predict. If, for example, this year there are few applicants, then next year enterprises may send too many applicants, and the competition will be no lower than for budget places. There are usually no restrictions on specializations; in the target area you can enroll in either “Agricultural Mechanization” or “Economics and Enterprise Management”. The only “but” is that the direction indicates a specific faculty, and you will not be able to immediately switch to another.

The number of target places is regulated by educational institutions. The main condition is that admission must be based on a competition. The rules of some universities set a minimum of 2 people per place, others - 1.2. If there are too few applicants, then places are cut. But the university does not have the right to increase the number of places after the start of entrance examinations.

Usually, in order to be among the students, it is enough to pass the exams with at least C grades. Let's say, for state employees the passing score can be 40, and for target students for the same specialty - only 29. Moreover, in some universities, for example at Moscow State Mining University (MSGU), the admissions committee, when personally considering the issue, takes into account such merits of the applicant , such as participation in competitions, his own creative developments, awards - and can enroll him in the first year, even if he did not pass the competition.

be careful

To get a referral and enter a university through targeted enrollment, you need to contact the school director, who is ready to petition the municipality for you, or directly to the municipality, which receives applications from employers. Another option is to find an institution yourself that will agree to pay for your studies: it can be either a large state enterprise or a small commercial company. Elena, MIIT student: “I entered the target field in 2005, passing one exam with a B and two exams with Cs. I’m sure it’s easier to do this than to get into budget places, around which there is a constant buzz. It’s not such a secret that most of my target people who know them received referrals from the organizations in which their parents work. Universities, in general, don’t care who sends you and from where, but such cooperation is useful for students and enterprises. By the way, if the target person doesn’t want to work off, he can negotiate with company, leave and pay off the debt in installments."

It is better to submit the application at the end of May, and start dealing with this issue even earlier - in winter-spring. Along with the application, you must bring a tripartite agreement to the admissions committee, which is concluded between the Customer (company), the Contractor (university) and the Consumer (you). Be careful when signing the contract, read and discuss all its clauses with your parents or friends knowledgeable in legal matters. The papers may indicate that you need to work for three years, or maybe ten...

How to correctly prepare documents will be explained by the university admissions committee and the municipality or personnel department of the organization. The agreement must be signed by the manager, chief accountant of the future employer and certified with a seal. If you do not have time to submit the contract to the admissions committee within the prescribed period, you will be removed from participation in the competition for targeted training.

During study, force majeure circumstances are possible, which are also stipulated in advance in the contract. For example, if you are expelled from the university for poor academic performance, you will not be reinstated under the same conditions. If the reason is valid, then the contract will have to be concluded again, but taking into account the previous training period. There should be a deferral of fulfillment of contractual obligations in such cases as the provision of maternity leave, child care or academic leave.

There is a problem...

It is really easier to enroll in a major - only inveterate poor students do not get into the university on such preferential terms. Maksim, student at the State University of Management (SUM): “I wasn’t too worried about the competition. When the results were posted after the exams, the target students were marked separately. I saw my first four and realized that I would get in. The main thing for me is that the prospects are immediately clear: no need you can rack your brains about where to go to work, and you can even do an internship at “your” enterprise.”

The only problem for an ordinary applicant is getting a referral. It is easily given to future doctors, teachers and agricultural workers who are then ready to work in the outback. In universities of the relevant profile, in some specialties, up to 40% of budget places are targeted. And in more prestigious educational institutions, relatives or children of officials often study at the expense of the state. Upon graduation, they find a compelling and valid reason not to fulfill the terms of the contract. So it turns out that the main idea of ​​the targeted technique is practically not implemented.

The same applicants who enter through a general competition are dissatisfied with the innovation. Due to the fact that part of the budget places goes to target audiences, they have to endure exams tougher competition. As a result, students study for free, who, perhaps, do not always deserve it, but managed to get directions. And those who are more capable end up “overboard” or are forced to pay for education themselves.

Some experts see a solution in “depersonalizing” the target technique. In other words, municipalities must provide information on the number of specialists needed, but not lists of target persons. And for the allocated places, universities will select the best of those who would like to study in the areas. And only after enrollment, first-year students will enter into contracts.

In any case, it is too early to judge how well the targeted approach has justified itself, whether it has more pros or cons. This will probably be revealed in the future as current students join the ranks of graduates.

Essential question: how can an applicant get a referral?

Valentin Vinogradov, First Vice-Rector - Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs of MIIT:

– In order to enter the Moscow State University of Transport on the terms of targeted training, you must present a referral to the organization with which the university has an agreement on such training, pass entrance exams and pass a competition. Branches of JSC Russian Railways, the Transstroy group of companies, the Moscow Metro, research and design institutes (VNIIZhT, VNIIAS, Transelektroproekt), etc. regularly send applicants to our university.

Software engineering. Faculty of Computer Science.

• Bachelor's degree.
• Duration of study: 4 years
• Form of study: full-time
• 80 budget and 40 paid places
• Unified State Examinations and minimum scores: Computer Science and Information and Communication Technologies (minimum score: 65) Mathematics (minimum score: 65) Russian language (minimum score: 60)

Briefly about the software engineering program:

The program is aimed at training leading technical specialists, qualified software developers and architects, software quality managers and software development processes. The need for such specialists is dictated by the needs of the information and communications industry: the opening of IT technology parks, the rapid development of the offshore and custom programming market, the informatization of government agencies, and the needs of private business. The software industry is a rapidly developing area of ​​the modern Russian and world economy, and software is the most important component of information systems in which their intelligence is concentrated.

Applied mathematics and computer science. Faculty of Computer Science.

• Bachelor's degree.
• Duration of study: 4 years
• Form of study: full-time
• 105 budget and 40 paid places
• Unified State Examinations and minimum scores: Mathematics (minimum score: 65), Computer Science and Information and Communication Technologies (minimum score: 65), Russian language (minimum score: 60)

Briefly about the program “applied mathematics and computer science”:

The program is aimed at training researchers, research engineers and development engineers in the field of theoretical and applied computer science (“Computer Science”). The program was developed in 2014, taking into account the experience of leading computer science departments at EPFL universities in Switzerland and Stanford in the USA, as well as the Yandex School of Data Analysis, a well-known and authoritative educational institution for training specialists in the field of analysis and processing of big data, machine learning and other areas.

Business Informatics. Faculty of Business and Management.

• Bachelor's degree.
• Duration of study: 4 years
• Form of study: full-time
• 100 budget and 70 paid places
• Unified State Examinations and minimum scores: Mathematics (minimum score: 60), Foreign language (minimum score: 50), Russian language (minimum score: 60)

Briefly about the Business Informatics program:

The program is aimed at training professionals in the development and use of information systems and technologies in business, with knowledge in the field of computer science, economics and management. Graduates constitute the most sought-after segment of IT specialists: system architects, system integrators, business analysts, IT managers, IT consultants, IT project managers, sales and service specialists, and business development specialists. During training - practice and internship in leading Russian and foreign companies, academic exchange programs with European partner universities, the opportunity to obtain the CEA ™ Certified e-Marketing Analyst certificate.

Infocommunication technologies and communication systems. Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics.

• Bachelor's degree.
• Duration of study: 4 years
• Form of study: full-time
• 50 budget and 10 paid places
• Unified State Examinations and minimum scores: Mathematics (minimum score: 60), Physics (minimum score: 55), Russian language (minimum score: 60)

Briefly about the program “Infocommunication technologies and communication systems”:

Infocommunications is one of the most dynamically developing sectors of the economy with a growing demand for qualified specialists. The bachelor's degree provides basic knowledge in the field of computer science and telecommunications, including the creation of modern electronic means of generating, transmitting, receiving, processing, storing and protecting information. The educational program is built taking into account the experience of the world's leading universities: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University (USA), the University of Leuven (Belgium), etc. Students take part in scientific research and conferences, undergo educational, industrial and pre-graduate internships at leading enterprises and specialized institutes. The acquired knowledge and skills will allow graduates to become developers of complex, competitive, ultra-reliable infocommunication technology, getting a job in a company they like with decent pay and the opportunity for rapid career growth.

Informatics and computer technology. Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics.

• Bachelor's degree.
• Duration of study: 4 years
• Form of study: full-time
• Unified State Examinations and minimum scores: Mathematics (minimum score: 60), Russian language (minimum score: 60), Physics (minimum score: 55)

Briefly about the program “Informatics and Computer Science”:

The program is aimed at training specialists with knowledge and skills in software development, working with computer hardware and software, proficiency in network and Internet technologies, creating a computer modeling and automatic design system. Graduates of the program will be able to work as managers and employees of companies that create software, produce and sell computer equipment, as specialists in automated control systems departments of large industrial enterprises, manage computer departments of various organizations, or continue their studies in a master's program.

Computer security. Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics.

• Specialty.
• Duration of study: 5.5 years
• Form of study: full-time
• 100 budget and 10 paid places
• Unified State Examinations and minimum scores: Mathematics (minimum score: 60), Computer Science and Information and Communication Technologies (minimum score: 55), Russian language (minimum score: 60)

Briefly about the Computer Security program:

The program is aimed at training researchers, analysts and developers in the field of information security. A special feature of the program is specialization in the development and application of mathematical models and methods for data protection in information systems for various purposes, as well as specialized software. In addition to fundamental physical and mathematical training, students receive knowledge in the field of modern information technologies. Particular attention is paid to special disciplines, such as cryptography, software and hardware for information security, methods for analyzing software implementations of security algorithms, and many others. Graduates of the program are most in demand in executive authorities, IT departments dealing with the security of information systems and data of government agencies, state corporations, financial institutions, and IT companies.

Among modern applicants planning to enter universities, the practice of using a targeted direction has become popular. Alas, few are familiar with this method of admission. Although in 2019 this is also possible.

Why do you need a targeted referral to a university from an enterprise or organization?

The practice of using targeted areas dates back to the times of the Soviet Union. The meaning of this direction is as follows: an applicant, choosing a specific profession, applies to an organization (enterprise) that provides him with a guarantee of employment and a document for training. This is called the target direction.

In addition to guaranteed employment, an applicant who has a target field in hand has other advantages:

• entrance exams to universities differ from ordinary ones in that they represent a special competition, which does not exclude passing exams provided for in the university admission program;
• the competition in 2017 for this type of admission was 1-2 applicants per place (which is quite a bit);
• the opportunity to continue studying in graduate school;
• completing an internship (of all types) at a selected enterprise;
• combining study and work (after the third year) with a flexible schedule;
• obtaining all the optimal conditions for the professional and career growth of the student as a future qualified specialist;
• The training is paid for by the future employer, as a person interested in the young specialist, or funds are allocated from the federal budget.

Among the shortcomings, experts cite strict adherence to the conditions specified in the contract, according to which a targeted direction is issued to those wishing to obtain a higher education in a certain specialty. Most often, this agreement is concluded at the official level between three parties:

1. Future student.
2. An enterprise (organization, company, plant, etc.).
3. Higher educational institution (institute, university, academy).

Although options for a bilateral agreement cannot be ruled out:

• between student and organization;
• between the university and the enterprise.

This document includes a list of all obligations specified specifically for each of the parties. For example, an enterprise undertakes to pay for a student’s education, and the student, in turn, undertakes to work at this enterprise for five years after receiving his education. This type of training is ideal for those Russians who already have a secondary specialized education and want to improve their qualifications in the specialty they previously acquired.

A special feature of the target direction is its personalization, that is, it is issued to a specific person indicating his personal data and only for studying at a specific educational institution.

How to get a targeted direction for study in 2019

The future student must decide whether it is worth going to study in the target field before the start of the admissions campaign. If he nevertheless decides to take such a step, he needs to choose a specific specialization and an enterprise that can provide a place for future work. In our country, the target direction can be obtained:

• at the enterprise itself (organization, factory, etc.);
• in the local city administration - municipality.

In the first case, an enterprise that has agreed to provide such assistance to a future student in their studies itself sends a corresponding petition to the city administration.

When applying to a company, you should contact its director directly, explain your request and write an official statement. In this handwritten document, the applicant must indicate the full name of the higher educational institution where he would like to study and the chosen specialization. And you will also need to submit a reference from the school to the city administration. After all the described procedures, the future student enters into a standard agreement on targeted training with a federal government body or local government body (or a state company, business entity, organization). The standard form of this agreement can be downloaded or printed by clicking on the following link http://sovetnik.consultant.ru/files/20150821celevoeobychenie.doc. The registration of contracts is most often carried out before the introductory campaign - from May to July. If the student is a minor, then the agreement is concluded in his place by a legal representative, for example, one of the parents.

Is it possible to apply for a targeted application to Moscow universities in 2019?

In 2019, many universities in Moscow are accepting applicants in targeted areas. Thus, JSC Russian Space Systems (RSS) issues targeted directions to those wishing to study at such capital universities as MSTU. Bauman, MEPhI, MAI, MIREA, MPEI, MIIGAiK in thirteen specialties. Areas of training include geodesy, radio-electronic and telecommunication systems, infocommunication technologies, nanotechnology and instrument engineering. But to obtain such a document for training, it is not enough to desire to obtain the chosen specialty. To do this, you need to take part in a competitive selection. That is:

• fill out a candidate form for targeted training;
• submit to this organization a reference from the place of previous study and information about academic performance, results of passing the Unified State Exam;
• attend all (!) meetings dedicated to the target recruitment;
• undergo a special interview.

Studying in a targeted area is always a free higher education with a guarantee of a job for several years after graduation.

For those applicants who want to study on a budgetary basis and subsequently work in their specialty, obtaining such a direction is a cherished dream, a ticket to the future, a road to career prospects.

Who has the right to issue a target referral, how can an applicant to a university receive it, what may be the grounds for refusing to issue it - all these issues will be discussed in this article.

Study with a job guarantee

The targeted training scheme has been familiar in Russia for a long time. Previously, in Soviet times, all universities distributed graduates to different regions of the country, where the newly minted specialist had to begin his career. Currently, there is no mandatory distribution, but the state remains interested in ensuring that the shortage of personnel in the country is filled evenly.

Against the backdrop of hundreds of thousands of certified lawyers, economists and managers, many applicants find such professions as veterinarian, ecologist, historian not entirely prestigious - the problem of employment in their specialty remains quite acute. Many have a calling, but due to low salaries they do not become teachers or doctors.

Training in targeted areas to a certain extent solves the problem of personnel: its essence is that the state or private enterprise pays for the student’s education. After completing the training, the young specialist is obliged to find a job in the organization from which he received the recommendation and work in it for 3-5 years.

If a graduate refuses to “work off”, he will have to return the entire amount spent on his professional training.

Obtaining an education in this way can be called preferential, since it is easier to enter the desired faculty - the passing score according to the Unified State Examination results is lower. In rare cases (if we are talking about a popular specialty), the requirements for competitors can be quite strict. One referral is issued only to one specific person, it cannot be transferred to another applicant, and it is prohibited to use it for admission to several universities.

Targeted admission involves training on the basis of agreements drawn up between a representative of a higher education institution and:

• federal government body (for example, the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation, the Main Directorate of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation);
• a government body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (for example, with a municipal body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation on the allocation of targeted places for training in medical universities);
• state municipal institution (direction from schools, gymnasiums to pedagogical universities);
• a state-owned company or enterprise where the authorized capital contains a share of state funds (Rosneft, Gazprom);
• a commercial enterprise that has the means to pay for the education of its future personnel.

Basically, referrals are received from the state: these can be law enforcement agencies (prosecutor's office), medical institutions, educational institutions that count on the interest of young graduate teachers, etc. Large enterprises can also pay for student education. The procedure for obtaining the opportunity to study at the expense of a state or other organization is different in each specific case, since the general provisions are adjusted taking into account the profile of the chosen specialty and the rules of the educational institution.

By the way, the legislation on education allows targeted enrollment in education for those who graduated from school not in the current year, but earlier. For such citizens, in addition to the list of required documents, it is necessary to provide data on work or study for the period from the moment of receiving secondary education until admission.

Institute of Prosecutor's Office

Over the past twenty years, the prosecutor's office has actively used recruitment through targeted referrals. Joining the ranks of prosecutors is not so easy - you need to pass a number of special tests and meet certain requirements that apply to civil servants. In addition, work in law enforcement requires resistance to stress, dedication to one's work, high moral principles and excellent knowledge of the Russian language, history, etc. If you meet the listed criteria, you can receive a referral to study at a university from the prosecutor's office.

To do this, you need to contact the regional prosecutor's office or a specialized department (transport, environmental protection) and submit an application for a referral within the deadline indicated on the official website (usually before June 20, 2016, where you plan to enroll in the institute).

The following documents must be submitted with the application:

• certificate (if it has not yet been received, then a transcript of academic performance for the first half of the year);
• your consent to work in the prosecutor's office;
• autobiography, personal personnel record sheet;
• copy of the passport (all completed pages are copied);
• characteristics from school or lyceum;
• a copy of the military ID;
• medical certificate (form 086).

Additionally, it is necessary to undergo psychological diagnostics (testing) to determine suitability for the profession.

After consideration, the documents are sent to the Main Directorate of the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, where the number of places allocated for study is determined.

If there are enough places, a written referral is issued by the personnel department of the regional prosecutor's office.

Various circumstances may result in refusal of extradition. Thus, a criminal record of the candidate, as well as close relatives, will not allow him to become an employee of this department. In addition, psychological character traits identified during testing can also become an obstacle to employment.

When deciding on the issue of targeted admission, the health status of the future prosecutor's employee will be taken into account - there is a list that indicates the types of diseases that exclude the possibility of employment in government agencies (for example, severe diseases of the nervous system, visual impairment, cancer, etc. ).

If you have passed the tests and your health is fine, you will be given a direction, training in which takes place only at the Faculty of the Institute of Prosecutor's Office on a full-time basis. This faculty is not available in all legal educational institutions. There are several such universities in the country - in Saratov, Yekaterinburg, Moscow, St. Petersburg. Practice shows that referrals are given to the university closest to the location, as well as to its branches, which are located in many cities.

Even if you have the treasured document on budget education in your hands, no one canceled excellent knowledge upon admission:

• The Unified State Examination must have high scores in history, Russian language and literature.
• The average admission score is slightly lower than for regular applicants, but it also needs to be overcome. Otherwise, enrollment is out of the question, even if you are a “target student.” Typically, the average score in three disciplines for applicants on a targeted basis is 230.
• If several applicants score the same number of points, then the question of admission is decided on the basis of additional information:
  • presence of a gold (silver) medal,
  • certificates of honor,
  • victories in the Olympics, etc.

After completing the training, the graduate, according to the contract, one copy of which is kept in the personnel department, is obliged to find a job in the prosecutor's office from which he was sent. In some cases, by agreement with the employer (represented by the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation), it is possible to stay and work in another region. If it turns out that for some reason a graduate cannot become an employee of the prosecutor’s office or has worked in the position for less than five years, the full cost of training will be collected from him.

Medical Universities

Targeted training of future doctors is regulated by adopted regulations at the federal level: the state is especially interested in qualified personnel in the medical field; large sums from the country’s budget are spent on this every year.

To issue targeted referrals to a medical university, a decision must be made by a special commission of the regional municipal authority. Careful monitoring of the labor market is carried out, conclusions are drawn about the shortage of specialists of a certain category in numerical terms.

An applicant who wishes to receive a targeted direction to study in a medical specialty must present to the municipal authority a certificate of completed secondary education, as well as score the required number of “passing” points. In addition, only those who receive free higher education for the first time can undergo targeted training.

It is important to know the period when applications for referrals are accepted - if you miss the deadline, a new opportunity will appear only next year. Information of this kind can be obtained on the municipality website or directly from the medical university. So, in 2016, the application could be submitted as early as March, the last possible submission deadline was June 10.

The educational institution can find out what documents need to be submitted in order for the application to be accepted for consideration. Mainly:

• application for the issuance of a targeted direction - drawn up in an approved form, the form can be obtained from the Ministry of Education, municipality or university;
• photocopy of the general passport (sheets with the applicant’s full name and registration);
• all kinds of certificates, documents confirming participation in Olympiads, competitions, etc.

After receiving applications, a list is formed from which the best students are selected based on the results of the Unified State Exam, and they will be enrolled in the first year.

Become a teacher in the field

How to get a targeted referral to a pedagogical university? Directly at the university you can find out a list of those schools and lyceums with which agreements have been concluded. After that, you need to go through an interview with the director of the selected school and bring to his attention your desire to work in this particular institution. If your candidacy is approved, you will easily receive a referral.

Pedagogical institutes and universities are quite willing to accept for training those who will then be guaranteed to be employed in schools - after all, this way the problem of teacher shortage is solved. They are especially loyal to those who want to work as teachers in remote areas, villages, towns. There are few such people, so passing the competition is not difficult for them.

In some Moscow universities, places are specially created for the targeted recruitment of only graduates of the capital.

For example, the Moscow Pedagogical University allocates over 100 places for graduates of schools in the city of Moscow and the Moscow region. This institution has long been practicing training under the direction of the district education departments of Moscow, while the applicant can simultaneously participate in the general competition. After graduation, the young teacher will work in one of the schools in the district, from which he received a preferential opportunity for free education.

How to find an employer

Contact the university

To find the company that will pay for your studies, you need to contact the university directly, since there may be lists of those companies with which there are contractual relations for the targeted enrollment of students.

• For example, you can become a “target student” for studying at the Moscow University of Railways through JSC Russian Railways, Moscow Metro.
• RUDN University annually creates places for training future employees of Mosenergo and Gidrospetsproekt.

Contact the Ministry of Education

You can also contact the regional municipality through the school management or yourself, where you can find out from which employers applications were received for concluding a targeted contract. Such information can be provided by the Ministry of Education of the region, as well as directly by the selected university. You need to address this issue in the winter, on the eve of the year of admission.

You can also find a company yourself - it’s no secret that large enterprises are also in dire need of specialists who are willing to pay for their studies.

What to do when an employer is found

If your application was responded to and the question was resolved positively, then you will need to bring a tripartite agreement to the admissions committee of the selected educational institution, which will indicate the details of your future employer and the number of years during which you will be required to work. A careful reading of the contract will help you avoid unpleasant surprises in the form of strict terms of payment or work (for example, there have been cases where the contract on the target direction from the enterprise included both 10 and 12 years of compulsory work).

In addition, you should carefully study the clauses of the agreement on the rights of the applicant:

• will he be provided with social support (scholarship, medical care),
• how it is proposed to resolve the issue of providing housing (will a hostel be provided).
• Pay attention to the date of appearance after graduation - in practice, there have been cases when a graduate, out of forgetfulness, did not appear at the organization for employment on the appointed date, which subsequently became the reason for a legal dispute regarding the recovery of expenses for his education.

The contract must also indicate valid reasons for the graduate’s failure to fulfill the employment obligation: his or her disability or the disability of loved ones (one parent, spouse, child), special circumstances (liquidation, bankruptcy of the enterprise, etc.).

One of the complaints about admissions campaigns in recent years is the significant number of target and benefit recipients, due to which it is impossible to “break through” to budget places. How targeted recruitment to universities works, says the Vice-Rector of the State University-Higher School of Economics Grigory Kantorovich.

Grigory Gelmutovich, in Soviet times, targeted recruitment was quite common, but now? How many applicants apply this way? Who sends them, where?

The Ministry of Education and Science “allocates” no more than 20% of the total number of budget places at the university for targeted enrollment. But there are certainly people who violate this requirement. In general, the target set for the country is much smaller.

State and local government bodies can send applicants to study at universities based on targeted enrollment. This is a pretty strong limitation. So, the Accounts Chamber approached us at the State University Higher School of Economics with a request for targeted recruitment. We refused – precisely on the grounds that the Accounts Chamber is not a government body. We can accept students for training, for example, by order of the government of the Russian Federation, the State Duma, and regional administrations.

The very norm of targeted recruitment is widely used by industry universities. For example, at the Moscow State Transport University there has always been a large target recruitment.

- Is there a competition among target audiences? How are they enrolled?

The mechanism is as follows. First, for example, the regional administration approaches the university with an official proposal-request to allocate places for a target enrollment. This appeal is considered by the Academic Council of the university. If he agrees to accept applicants, then an agreement is concluded that indicates the number of targeted admission places for a group of specialties.

By the beginning of the admissions campaign, the organization must send the university a list of applicants for the targeted recruitment. Moreover, there should be more of them than the number of budget places, so that a separate competition can be organized among them. According to the admission rules, it must be at least 1.2 people per place. The norm, of course, is funny, because based on the results of the Unified State Exam it is now easy to understand who passes this competition. In fact, the organization can pre-generate a list of those who will be enrolled in the university.

- After graduating from a university, are graduates required to work in the organization that sent them to study?

As a rule, in a request to a university, an organization writes that it needs specialists, guarantees them employment, and even obliges them to return to the region. But, as lawyers say, all this is “legally void.” We do not have serfdom - a person cannot be “assigned” to a workplace. According to the Labor Code, this is easy to challenge.

Those who refer applicants, I think, understand this, but they are unlikely to care. Over the years of training of the target, the composition of the administration will have changed, and who is planning the recruitment of specialists for several years in advance?

- Does the university have a financial interest in admitting target students? Or a financial “burden”?

There is neither one nor the other. Budget places are allocated for the target set.

There is another form when an organization sends a person for training on a commercial basis. There is no separate set here. The applicant needs to score a sufficient number of points to be enrolled in a paid department, after which a tripartite agreement is drawn up - between the applicant and his parents, the university and the organization paying for the education.

It is known that weak applicants are admitted to the target intake - otherwise they would apply on a general basis. But it turns out that the university can abandon the practice of targeted enrollment if it does not want to lower the admissions bar...

Yes maybe. But only the leading university. The rest will only be glad that they are sent applicants. In conditions of demographic decline, educational institutions are not getting enough applicants even for budget places, so they also take the weak. For many universities, the target enrollment is a guaranteed student population.

At the State University-Higher School of Economics, the target set is limited, and we do not plan to expand it. In recent years, we have been working only at the request of the Russian government, for which we allocate 40 budget places every year, although in reality the intake is even less... And also with the Republic of Buryatia. There was a request from its head, Vyacheslav Nagovitsyn: we need personnel, we need to raise the region... But from there they sent only four people to us.

- Is there any confidence that after graduating from the State University-Higher School of Economics they will return to their home - or will they remain in Moscow?

They will return if they are offered a job and a good salary. Everyone understands: in Moscow, salaries are higher and life is more expensive.

It would seem that the target set is a good norm. In the West, a guarantee of employment is a strong trump card on the part of the employer, because finding a job is not so easy. But here, due to the difference in salaries in large cities and regions, this norm does not work. Therefore, I personally see no reason to keep it.

The target set is a vestige of the past. During the Soviet years, with mandatory distribution, this norm worked. Now, if you refuse it, I believe nothing bad will happen.