erythrocytes rbc what. Carrying out an RBC blood test and decoding the results. WBC - leukocytes

Each person, receiving a transcript of a blood test, wants to understand if he has any abnormalities or pathologies. However, it is often very difficult to understand a large number of unfamiliar letters and numbers. Let's try to figure out what RBC is in a blood test, what this indicator can tell about, and what level is considered normal.

Functions

One of the main formed elements of human blood are erythrocytes. The red bone marrow is responsible for their continuous production. Every second, about 2.5 million red blood cells appear and are destroyed in the human body. Scientists have calculated that during a lifetime, the bone marrow of a person with an average life expectancy produces about 600 kg of these cells. Their average life expectancy is approximately 4 months, but their level in the blood of a person of a certain age always remains constant.

These cells are in the form of small discs, concave on both sides, which significantly increases the area of ​​the absorbing surface.

Due to the fact that they contain hemoglobin, which is a red pigment, these cells under the microscope immediately stand out among others due to their bright color. They even got the name "red blood cells", which translates into English as Red Blood Cell.

Despite the fact that erythrocytes perform a narrow range of functions in the body, their role cannot be underestimated.

The main functions of these cells are as follows:

• They carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells of all internal organs.
• They transport carbon dioxide in the opposite direction to remove it from the body.
• Adsorb toxic substances and antigens.
• Actively participate in many biochemical reactions occurring in the body.
• Maintain acid-base balance.

Thus, erythrocytes ensure the respiration of the body, supporting the process of gas exchange between its cells. And also carry out nutrition of tissues with amino acids necessary for the life of cells.

Both low red blood cells in a blood test and too many of them are a sign of a health disorder.

Norms

A clinical blood test allows you to determine the content of red blood cells. Modern hematology analyzers, which are used in most diagnostic laboratories, give an RBC value, indicating the total level of red blood cells. But even if the study is carried out using a microscope, in deciphering a blood test, red blood cells will also be indicated by RBC symbols. The main thing is that a qualified specialist should be engaged in deciphering the indicators, who would take into account the comprehensive result of the study and the patient's clinical symptoms.

The norms of the erythrocyte index vary depending on the age and gender of the person.

If in young children there is practically no difference between this indicator for girls and boys, then already from the period of puberty there are characteristic differences between the transcripts of boys and girls.

• For newborn babies, the normal value is in the range of 4.1-7.0x10 12 / l (that is, 10 to the 12th degree in 1 liter of blood). During this period, there is an intensive supply of oxygen to the cells of the body.
• Over time, part of the cells disintegrates, and by 6 months their number decreases to 2.9-4.8x10 12 /l.
• The lowest rate is observed in one-year-old babies - 3.1-4.6.
• Then it begins to gradually increase and in the period of 12-15 years it is 3.5-5.0 for boys and 4.1-5.5 for girls. Exclusively during this period, the erythrocyte index in women prevails over men, but as they grow older, the situation changes to the opposite.
• Since in adult men, muscle mass is usually developed more intensively than in women, their RBC indicators are slightly higher. In the period of 18-65 years for men, this index is in the range of 4.0-5.1, and for women - 3.7-4.7.

Each milliliter of blood contains an average of 4.5 million red blood cells.

It should be noted that automated blood analyzers sometimes confuse NRBC normoblasts with lymphocytes because they are similar in size and nuclear structure. In this case, it is necessary to do a repeated general blood test and examine it using a laboratory microscope.

If the decoding of the analysis shows a significant deviation from the permissible values, then the doctor usually prescribes an additional diagnostic examination to determine the causes of the pathology.

Deviations from the norm

The RBC index in a blood test is influenced by both various physiological states of a person and the presence of diseases.

So, minor deviations of the RBC level in the analysis from the norm can be caused by such reasons:

• Excessive physical activity, emotional and mental stress, stress increase the number of red blood cells.
• Living in a mountainous area increases the RBC in the analysis due to prolonged oxygen deprivation. The same effect, although to a lesser extent, causes addiction to smoking nicotine.
• Dehydration also increases this figure.
• Strong blood loss, heavy periods reduce the level of RBC in the analysis. A similar effect is caused by intravenous administration of large volumes of fluid,
• The wrong diet can either increase or decrease the number of these cells in the blood. Such a deviation will depend on the lack of certain foods in the diet.
• During pregnancy, due to a significant increase in blood volume, the RBC indicator in the analysis decreases, although in absolute terms the number of red blood cells remains unchanged. A large amount of fluids in the tissues contributes to an increase in blood fluidity, but at the same time, the level of hemoglobin decreases, which is also characteristic of this period.

Pathological deviations from the norm

Unfortunately, in some cases, when examining blood, the transcript shows a significant deviation from normal values ​​up or down. A condition in which red blood cells are elevated in the blood is called erythrocytosis. It can be caused by such pathologies:

• dysfunction of the adrenal cortex,
• a tumor in a polypeptide stem cell that causes increased cell division,
• malignant neoplasms in the kidneys, polycystic,
• chronic dehydration caused by diarrhea or prolonged vomiting,
• violations of the process of hematopoiesis,
• respiratory diseases (asthma, COPD, obstructive bronchitis), leading to oxygen deficiency,
• diseases of the cardiovascular system (heart disease, heart failure),
• taking hormonal steroid or diuretic drugs.

A condition in which there are not enough RBCs in a blood test is called erythropenia. The reasons for it include the following:

• anemia caused by inhibition of the process of hematopoiesis in the bone marrow, transfusion of an incompatible blood type, intoxication of the body with heavy metals and other reasons,
• some autoimmune diseases
• lack of B vitamins and / or folic acid,
• ulcerative lesions of the gastric or duodenal mucosa,
• iron deficiency,
• kidney or bladder stones
• profuse blood loss, including menstrual and hemorrhoidal.

In the case of a low erythrocyte index, the doctor must determine the cause and prescribe a set of measures that will help increase this indicator.

Knowing what RBC is, and understanding the importance of this indicator in deciphering a study for a doctor, we can conclude that this index allows us to judge the patient's condition and helps to diagnose existing diseases. Doctors recommend conducting a screening blood test at least once a year, which will allow timely detection of the development of pathologies and prescribing effective therapy.

In contact with

Reading 7 min. Views 2.5k.

RBC stands for red blood cells, and RBC in a blood test is the absolute content of blood cells (erythrocytes), which contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen to organ cells and take in carbon dioxide. An increase or decrease in this indicator indicates the development of the disease. A general blood test allows you to determine the state of health of the patient.

How the analysis is carried out

It is important to properly prepare for the study, in which case it will be possible to obtain an accurate result. The analysis is carried out on an empty stomach. Eating before the study on the WBC RBC is excluded at least 4 hours in advance (it is advisable to adhere to an 8-hour fast). On the eve, it is forbidden to perform heavy physical work. You should also refrain from psycho-emotional overload. The best time for RBC analysis is in the morning.

To test for the level of red blood cells (RBC), blood is taken from a finger or vein. Moreover, doctors often examine venous blood, because the results are more informative. The data obtained in the study of capillary blood can sometimes be unreliable.

The laboratory assistant compresses the forearm with a tourniquet and asks the patient to clench and unclench his fist several times. The skin puncture site is treated with an antiseptic, a needle connected to a test tube is inserted into the venous vessel. Up to 5 cm³ of blood is taken for research. Then the needle is removed, the puncture site is treated with an alcohol solution. RBC tests can sometimes cause minor pain.

How often do you take a blood test?

Poll Options are limited because JavaScript is disabled in your browser.

Only by prescription of the attending physician 30%, 949 votes

Once a year and I think it's enough 18%, 554 vote

At least twice a year 15%, 460 votes

More than twice a year but less than six times 11%, 344 vote

I monitor my health and take it once a month 6%, 197 votes

I'm afraid of this procedure and try not to pass 4%, 135 votes

21.10.2019

Norm

The RBC norm for women, men and children is different.

adults

RBC in a blood test, the norm in an adult differs by gender. So, the norm for men is from 3.9 × 1012 to 5.5 × 1012 cells per liter of blood, and the norm for women is from 3.9 × 1012 to 4.7 × 1012 cells. In adult women, the rate indicating the number of red blood cells differs due to menstruation.

babies

The rate of red blood cells in 1012 per liter of blood varies by day, week and month of the baby's life:

• in cord blood - 3.9-5.5;
• in the first days of life - 4-6.6;
• by the end of the first week - 3.9-6.3;
• at 2 weeks of age - 3.6-6.2;
• in 1 month - 3-5.4;
• in a two-month-old child - 2.7-4.9;
• up to six months - 3.1-4.5;
• up to a year - 3.4-5.

Children

RBC scores in the analysis of children differ according to age:

• up to 12 years - 3.5-5 (the indicator is not affected by gender);
• in adolescents 13-16 years old - 4.1-5.5;
• 16-18 years old - 3.9-5.6.

Deviations

The decoding of the study can show both increased and decreased levels of red cells. Deviations from the norm indicate the development of a disease in the body.

Reduced

With a reduced amount of RBC, the patient needs to undergo additional medical examinations. The pathological level of RBC indicates the development of severe pathologies requiring immediate treatment.

The process of reducing the number of red blood cells in the blood means the development of erythrocytopenia in the patient. Most often, the level of these cells decreases due to anemia or massive blood loss. Among the most common causes of erythrocytopenia are:

• reinforced;
• malignant neoplasms of the hematopoietic system;
• myeloma;
• spread of metastases;
• chronic inflammatory pathologies;
• hereditary pathologies of the process of blood production;
• autoimmune pathologies;
• diseases of the kidneys and urinary organs;
• chemotherapy;
• increased water content.

In addition, RBC decreases as a result of insufficient intake of cyanocobalamin - vitamin B12. Because of this, erythropoiesis suffers, that is, the process of formation of blood cells. Some pathologies of the digestive tract lead to the fact that iron is not sufficiently absorbed in the body. Low iron content in the blood is the reason for the decrease in the amount of hemoglobin and red blood cells.

The reduction of RBC is facilitated by the use of barbiturates and their derivatives.

This is also facilitated by the observance of a diet with the rejection of meat products. The body does not receive the most important nutrients, which is why the process is disturbed in it.

One of the first tests that is prescribed to determine the patient's health status, both for the purposes of a routine check-up and for diagnosing an already manifested disease, is a complete blood count. This is the most affordable, fastest and most informative method. The result of the analysis is usually given in the form of abbreviations and their corresponding values. Therefore, it is important to know what the main ones mean, such as RBC.

Let us consider in more detail what RBC is in a blood test and its norms, why it is determined and what different values ​​\u200b\u200bof this indicator indicate.

What is RBC in a blood test?

The abbreviation RBC stands for Red Blood Cells, in English it means "red blood cells", that is. These cells look like biconcave discs of red color, which gives them the hemoglobin contained in large quantities inside.

RBC in a blood test displays the absolute number of mature erythrocytes, which just perform all the functions inherent in these blood cells, namely:

• Gas exchange is carried out by transferring oxygen from the lungs to the cells of organs and tissues, and carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.
• They carry nutrients from the digestive system to all cells in the body.
• Bind toxins.
• They are important participants in many biochemical reactions, since they serve as carriers of various enzymes.

All of these functions are extremely important for the body, so the state of human health also depends on the number of red blood cells. At the same time, the deviation of the RBC indicator from the norm, both up and down, can indicate various pathological processes.

Analysis on RBC

The RBC indicator is determined as part of a clinical blood test. To conduct this analysis, the patient must donate blood from the capillary of the finger on the hand. Usually, the ring finger is chosen for this, because it has the least activity, as a result of which the skin on it is thinner, the puncture is less painful and heals the fastest.

The analysis does not require special preparation, but in order for all indicators, including RBC, to be the most reliable, you need to donate blood in the morning on an empty stomach. Only clean drinking water is allowed.

Depending on the equipment of the laboratory, the determination of RBC in the blood can be carried out in different ways. The most common is the study of the biomaterial under a microscope and the counting of erythrocytes by the laboratory assistant on their own, after which the results fit into the form. A more modern option is the use of hematological analyzers. It is enough to place a test tube with blood in such a device, and after a few minutes the device already issues a ready-made form with the results of the analysis.

Deciphering the RBC hematological blood test allows you to assess the state of the body and identify the presence of possible pathological processes long before they make themselves felt by external manifestations. But it is worth noting that only a qualified specialist who is familiar with the patient's medical history and conducted his general examination can correctly interpret the values.

RBC rate in a blood test

The concentration of erythrocytes in the blood of a person in different periods of his life is not constant. In addition, the number of these cells depends on the sex and the physiological state of the organism. The boundaries of normal RBC values ​​are displayed in the table, taking into account all the features:

There are some situations in which there is a natural deviation of the RBC value from the norm:

• During pregnancy, the number of erythrocytes in the range from 3.00 to 4.60 × / μl is considered normal, since the mother's blood volume increases.
• During menstruation, due to blood loss, the number of red blood cells decreases.
• With a long stay in a mountainous area, an increase in the number of red blood cells occurs, since the body adapts to a reduced oxygen content in the air.
• Frequent physical activity and stress contribute to an increase in the content of red blood cells for an intensive supply of oxygen to the body.

It is important to keep in mind that normal ranges may vary from laboratory to laboratory. This depends on the equipment and reagents used.

RBC above normal

A condition in which the RBC value in a blood test is elevated is called erythrocytosis. There are 2 forms of this phenomenon: relative - when the blood plasma decreases, while the number of red blood cells remains unchanged, and true - when there is an increase in the formation of new red blood cells in the bone marrow.

The causes of relative erythrocytosis are:

• Dehydration.
• Stress.
• Physical exercise.
• Hypertensive crisis.
• Obesity.

You will be interested in:

True erythrocytosis occurs for the following reasons:

• Genetic abnormalities associated with impaired synthesis of blood cells.
• Malignant tumors.
• Heart defects.
• Kidney diseases.

Depending on the stage of development of erythrocytosis, the symptoms of this condition may be different.

At the initial stages, the pathology does not manifest itself in any way and can only be detected during a general blood test. With progressive erythrocytosis, a person notes frequent headaches and dizziness, nosebleeds and redness of the skin.

Since erythrocytosis itself is not a diagnosis, but serves only as a symptom of a pathological process that develops in the body, then, accordingly, it does not require separate treatment. Therapy is carried out only in relation to the underlying disease, after the elimination of which the level of RBC in the blood returns to normal on its own. But in some cases, you have to use additional methods to thin the blood and reduce the concentration of red blood cells. The need for such measures is determined by the doctor depending on the severity of the patient's condition.

RBC below normal

The reduced content of red blood cells in the blood is called erythropenia, and quite often this condition is accompanied by iron deficiency anemia. The reasons for this phenomenon can be natural and pathological. Natural include pregnancy and menstrual bleeding. To pathological:

• Abundant blood loss as a result of trauma or internal bleeding.
• Genetic diseases in which the structure of red blood cells is changed, which can lead to their premature death.
• Increased destruction of red blood cells in some infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases.
• Starvation, when the body receives an insufficient amount of nutrients that affect the formation of red blood cells (in particular, vitamins B9 and B12).
• Neoplasms in the bone marrow that inhibit the formation of new red blood cells.

The main symptoms of erythropenia are weakness, fatigue and dizziness. Treatment in this case, as in the case of erythrocytosis, should first of all be aimed at eliminating the main cause of the disease.

The quantitative assessment of the RBC indicator is of great diagnostic value, it allows you to notice deviations in the work of the whole organism in the early stages, which can greatly simplify the treatment of a possible disease. Therefore, it is necessary for everyone to take this analysis at least once a year.

RBC is an abbreviation for erythrocytes (from the English red blood cells, red blood cells) in a blood test. The main functions of this blood cell are transport, protective and regulatory.

The formation of red blood cells (erythropoiesis) in adults occurs in the red bone marrow of flat bones. It contains the so-called pluripotent stem cells - the common precursors of all blood cells. After passing through several stages of differentiation and maturation, non-nuclear erythrocytes leave the bone marrow in the form of so-called reticulocytes (young erythrocytes).

Mature red blood cells circulate in the blood for an average of 100–120 days, after which they are phagocytized by cells of the reticuloendothelial system of the bone marrow (in the case of pathology, also of the spleen and liver). With a shortening of the life of erythrocytes and after blood loss, the rate of erythropoiesis can increase several times. The life expectancy of red blood cells in men is somewhat longer than in women.

The main functions of red blood cells

The transport function of erythrocytes lies in the fact that they transport O 2 and CO 2, hormones, amino acids, cholesterol, fats, polypeptides, carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, various biologically active compounds (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, etc.), trace elements, etc. .

The transport function is provided by a special protein, hemoglobin, which is part of the RBC. It has the ability to form compounds with oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Red blood cells play a significant role in specific and nonspecific immunity and are involved in vascular-platelet hemostasis, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis (which means that red blood cells perform a protective function).

The implementation of the regulatory function of RBC is due to the hemoglobin contained in the cells. Erythrocytes regulate blood pH, water metabolism and the ionic composition of plasma.

Determination of the number of red blood cells in a blood test

Separately, a blood test to calculate the number of RBCs is not prescribed. The value of the indicator is usually determined as part of a general blood test.

Reasons for conducting a study to determine the number of red blood cells:

• preventive and dispensary observation, including before surgical interventions;
• monitoring ongoing drug treatment in patients with chronic anemia or bleeding;
• examination of pregnant women;
• diagnosis of anemia, polycythemia and other diseases of the hematopoietic system;
• examination of patients with infectious and somatic diseases (appointed simultaneously with a biochemical blood test).

In the result forms, all parameters are indicated by abbreviations of English terms:

• RBC (red blood cells) - erythrocytes, or red blood cells;
• WBC (white blood cells) - leukocytes, or white blood cells;
• HGB (hemoglobin) - the level of hemoglobin content in whole blood;
• HCT (hematocrit) - hematocrit (index, which is the percentage ratio of the volume of blood cells to the volume of blood plasma);
• PLT (platelets) - platelets;
• ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) - ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

The transport function is provided by a special protein, hemoglobin, which is part of the RBC. It has the ability to form compounds with oxygen and carbon dioxide.

If RBCs are elevated in the blood test, an additional appointment of an in-depth study is possible - a detailed clinical blood test. It includes the determination of erythrocyte indices:

• MCV is the average volume of one erythrocyte;
• MCH is the average content of hemoglobin in one erythrocyte;
• MCHC is the concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (not in the total blood volume);
• RDW-CV - the width of the distribution of red blood cells, that is, the presence and concentration in the blood of red cells that differ significantly in size from the norm.

RBC norm in children

The formation of red blood cells in the embryo occurs in the yolk sac, in the fetus - in the liver and spleen. In newborns, the RBC value in the blood test is high, which is due to the movement of blood from the placenta into the bloodstream during childbirth and a significant loss of water later on. In the following months, the body grows, but the formation of new erythrocytes does not occur, which leads to a decrease in the number of erythrocytes by the third month of life.

In childhood, the number of red blood cells gradually changes. The rate of erythrocytes in the blood in children:

• up to 1 year: 3.3–4.9 x 10 12 / l;
• 1–6 years old: 3.5–4.5 x 10 12 / l;
• 6–12 years old: 3.5–4.7 x 10 12 / l;
• 12–16 years old: 3.6–5.1 x 10 12 / l.

Deciphering a blood test for RBC: the norm in men and women

Normally, the number of red blood cells in men is 4-5 x 10 12 / l. In the absence of pathologies of the hematopoietic system, this indicator, as a rule, does not change. In women, the number of red blood cells is less, usually the value does not exceed 4.5 x 10 12 / l.

During pregnancy, the number of red blood cells can decrease to 3–3.5 x 10 12 / l, which does not mean pathology and is considered normal. Also in women, physiological fluctuations depend on the phase of the menstrual cycle. After 45 years, the gradual extinction of the functions of the ovaries begins, the process is accompanied by a change in the composition of the blood. When deciphering a blood test for RBC, the value of 3.6–5.1 x 10 12 / l is considered the norm for women of this age. With the onset of menopause, the activity of physiological processes decreases, but the number of red blood cells does not change significantly.

Reasons for the deviation of the content of erythrocytes in the blood from the norm

If the number of red blood cells exceeds the norm, this phenomenon is called erythrocytosis, if the indicator is lower - erythropenia, or anemia.

Causes of absolute erythrocytosis (increased production of red blood cells):

• erythremia (malignant disease of the bone marrow);
• conditions associated with hypoxia (against the background of lung diseases, heart disease, in the presence of abnormal hemoglobins, increased physical exertion, staying at high altitudes, obesity);
• pathologies associated with increased production of erythropoietin (in patients with kidney parenchyma cancer, hydronephrosis and polycystic kidney disease, liver parenchyma cancer, benign familial erythrocytosis);
• conditions associated with an excess of androgens or adrenocorticosteroids in the body (with pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, hyperaldosteronism).

Also in the blood test there may be elevated RBC values ​​with relative erythrocytosis. A change in the number of red blood cells can be observed in the following cases:

• dehydration due to profuse vomiting, diarrhea;
• polyuria;
• diabetes;
• conditions after burns;
• emotional stress;
• smoking and alcoholism;
• insufficient fluid intake;
• arterial hypertension.

Mixed erythrocytosis is noted due to blood clotting and placental transfusion (physiological neonatal erythrocytosis).

With a shortening of the life of erythrocytes and after blood loss, the rate of erythropoiesis can increase several times.

A decrease in the RBC value in the blood test is observed in the following cases:

• bleeding in acute or chronic course;
• iron, B 12 - or folic acid deficiency anemia;
• chronic kidney disease (decrease in the synthesis of erythropoietin);
• hypothyroidism;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• hemolysis;
• aplastic anemia;
• oncological diseases of the bone marrow or metastases of other tumors in the bone marrow;
• chronic infections;
• systemic connective tissue diseases;
• pregnancy.

Video

We offer you to watch a video on the topic of the article

Deciphering a blood test will show us such an indicator - rbc. This abbreviation stands for red blood cells. Erythrocytes are formed in the bone marrow of a red color and are elements of the blood.

The rbc analysis determines the level of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to every cell in the body. The rate of red blood cells in men is slightly higher than in women. In medical practice, erythrocytes should not exceed four to five million / ml.

Red blood cells are like a lens, which has a concave shape in the middle and thick edges. They don't have a nucleus. Rbc are 7 to 8 µm in size. Their life span is about one hundred and twenty days. Hemoglobin is red, so red blood cells are also that color. The main component of the cell is this blood ingredient.

How red blood cells are formed

In the red brain, a process such as erythropoiesis occurs, which forms red blood cells. The bone marrow and its cells differentiate, and due to this we get red blood cells. Stem cells in the bone marrow are converted into these bodies in several steps. It happens like this:

• megaloblast formation;
• from it transformation into erythroblast;
• from this substance obtaining a normocyte;
• normocyte forms reticulocyte;
• from reticulocyte to erythrocyte.

Deciphering the process of formation of red blood cells

In the blood stream, reticulocyte formation occurs in rbc within a few hours.

Rbc and their functions

There are many basic functions that red blood cells perform in the body:

They carry oxygen to every cell in the body and take carbon dioxide from the lungs.

1. From the digestive tract, amino acids are carried by red blood cells to all tissues of the human body.
2. They take an active part in various chemical reactions. Enzymes are transported in large quantities to every cell.
3. Red blood cells protect the body from antigens and toxins by participating in immune processes.
4. The acid-base balance is constantly maintained by rbc.

The rate of erythrocytes in humans is lowered

The norm of the male half of mankind of erythrocytes is 4 million / ml, in women the norm is an order of magnitude lower. They have indicators of 3.5 million / ml. Depending on age, the children's norm has different ranges.

A low content of red blood cells in a blood test indicates the presence of anemia in your body. This may be due to the loss of a large amount of blood, vitamin B12 and B9 deficiency, as well as hemolysis.

Increased rate of red cells in the blood

With erythrocytosis and erythremia, rbc values ​​increase.

When stem cells have a tumor syndrome, primary erythrocytosis develops in the body. Progenitor cells begin to divide intensively. Such processes lead to an increase not only in erythrocytes, but in leukocytes and platelets. When inflammatory processes are present in the body, thrombocytosis and leukocytosis occur in it.

There are 3 types of secondary erythrocytosis:

1. Physiological blood process. If there was a prolonged hypoxia, then the erythrocytes will be increased. When the body has lung disease, congenital pathologies and altitude sickness.
2. Pathological erythrocytosis. In the human body, there are kidney cancer, cerebellar hemangioma, adrenal tumors, ovarian problems and other serious diseases. This ailment can be provoked by drugs that have been used for a long time with a high content of steroids.
3. relative process. The absolute norm is unchanged in relation to the relative indicators of bodies. This occurs with prolonged vomiting, heavy sweating and diarrhea.

How to take a general blood test

In medicine, a clinical blood test is used. This analysis is taken from the finger of the hand. It is given in the morning on an empty stomach. In the evening before the analysis, you should not eat fatty foods. You can take a glass of clean water without gas.

The interpretation of these results occurs using an ordinary medical microscope. The color scheme, shape and size of red blood cells are examined using this device. But in the modern world, there are such devices as hematology analyzers. They can determine about 24 indicators at the same time. You can use such devices to check blood clotting.

There is a table showing the averages of rbc:

• newborns have 4.2-7.5 mg/l;
• at the age of 1 month 3.7-5.7 mg/l;
• at the age of six months 3.6-4.9 mg / l;
• if the child is 1 year old 3.7-4.9 mg / l;
• from 2 months to 12 years 3.6-4.6 mg/l;
• pregnant women have 3-3.5 mg / l.

Only a doctor can correctly determine the data of the analysis. You cannot independently recognize what disease you have. Deciphering these results will help the specialist to determine the disease long from the external manifestation of the disease.

When the rate of erythrocytes is increased, then it is necessary to identify the cause of this increase. This can happen in such cases:

1. If you are constantly stressed. You are very mentally overstrained.
2. Prolonged stay in mountainous areas where there is a lack of oxygen.
3. Physical activity increased.
4. Dehydration occurs in the human body.

If the rbc rate goes down, then this happens for the following reasons:

1. When there is a slight loss of blood in the human body that occurs constantly.
2. There is not enough vitamin B12 in the body, which is characterized by a low content of blood cells in the analysis.
3. When there is a lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach, intestines and duodenum.
4. If there is a lot of fluid in the body or there are stones in the bladder and kidneys.
5. During pregnancy, blood flow increases, so the rbc test is low.

The erythrocyte count closely depends on the hemoglobin readings. When hb has deviations, then the readings of red cells are also not normal. Hemoglobin is located inside the red blood cell, which is why they are so interconnected. When the result is low, then it is hemoglobin that needs to be increased, and if it is high, then this result must also be lowered.

It is necessary to periodically take a blood test for both adults and children. Health needs constant monitoring. Timely identified pathology will save you from many troubles. Such a manifestation of concern for your health will always help you out in difficult times.

Love yourself and you will always be healthy and happy.