Gutta-percha children. Or connective tissue dysplasia syndrome. Sports with connective tissue dysplasia Is it possible to do gymnastics with dysplasia

CTD or connective tissue dysplasia in children leads to the appearance of a complex of syndromes. Their presence reduces the quality of life of the child, negatively affects his physical development and psycho-emotional state. If a young patient is not provided with qualified assistance in a timely manner, he may become disabled in the near future.

Features of connective tissue dysplasia in children

Connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) is a complex of syndromes, the appearance of which is provoked by a disorder in the processes of formation and development of connective tissue (CT). This violation begins during the intrauterine formation of the fetus and continues after the birth of the child for many years.

Due to the constant deficiency of substances necessary for the structure of the connective tissue, the skeleton, the structure of the respiratory, cardiovascular and other systems begins to deform in children. A feature of CTD is the absence of symptoms in the newborn. In the first year of life, articular dysplasia can be detected, and in adolescence, doctors already diagnose the presence of several syndromes at the same time. Inadequate treatment of connective tissue insufficiency leads to disability or sudden death of the patient.

ICD-10 code

There is no code for "connective tissue dysplasia" in ICD-10. When making a diagnosis, doctors write down the cipher of the leading syndrome of the disease as the main pathology, and supplement it with secondary (background) disorders and complications.

Causes and provoking factors for the development of CTD

The cause of connective tissue dysplasia is considered to be a qualitative, quantitative defect in the formation of proteins, from which elastin, fibrillin, collagen and other substances necessary for the development of TS should be formed in the future. This phenomenon provokes a mutation of genes, which leads to the birth of a baby with defective connective tissue.

The provoking factors of DST include genetic predisposition (the presence of this disease in a family history), deficiency of magnesium and other nutrients, bad habits of a woman, toxicosis or drug treatment during pregnancy. This also includes work, therapy or cosmetic procedures associated with radiation, bad ecology.

Classification of CTD in children

According to the type of disease, undifferentiated and differentiated connective tissue dysplasia in children is distinguished. Violation of the development of ST is also qualified by the predominant syndrome or localization of pathological changes.

Differentiated DST includes dysplasia with a pronounced clinical picture, certain defects. This group includes imperfection of bone tissue (crystal people), Eilers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome and flaccid skin. Undifferentiated DST includes a violation of the formation of ST, in which structural changes occur in several body systems simultaneously. With the development of this type of connective tissue insufficiency, the children's card is full of diagnoses.

Clinical picture of CTD and signs of the development of the disease in children

In a child, a dysplastic change in the connective tissue becomes noticeable in the period from 2 months to 12 years. Symptoms of the disease can be manifested by single or multiple disorders.

What syndromes do a child have against the background of connective tissue dysplasia:

The external signs of the progression of CTD in a child include the onset of skeletal curvature: scoliosis, crooked teeth, long fingers on the hands, or other deviations from the norm of physiological development. He also has noticeable muscle insufficiency, malformed ears, overextensible skin, and joint flexibility. The child often has subluxations, tendon injuries, arthralgia, pain in the heart, abdomen or other body systems that undergo pathological changes.

Children with connective tissue insufficiency constitute a psychological risk group with suicidal tendencies. Due to asthenia and the presence of a cosmetic syndrome, they often become depressed, do not have psycho-emotional stability, become pessimists, and there are other neurological signs.

Which doctor treats DST

Connective tissue dysplasia syndrome in adults and children is dealt with by geneticists and doctors in specialized medical centers. But DSP is also treated by pediatricians (therapists) with the involvement of neurologists, cardiologists, orthopedists, gastroenterologists, and, if necessary, other doctors.

Diagnosis of connective tissue dysplasia

Children with suspected development of connective tissue dysplasia undergo a clinical genetic examination. The pediatrician collects an anamnesis, gives a referral to other doctors. Each specialist carries out a physical examination (examination, measurement of parameters, the presence of one or more syndromes, and so on), then makes a primary diagnosis.

Mandatory diagnostic methods for detecting disorders against the background of DST:

To confirm the disease, molecular genetic blood tests are performed.

Treatment of DST in children

With connective tissue dysplasia, diet therapy, drug and non-drug therapy are used. It is advisable to apply these methods in a complex way up to 2 times a year. The optimal course of treatment is 4 months.

Non-drug therapy of DST

Non-drug treatment of children with CTD includes massage, correction of the structures of the musculoskeletal system with orthopedic structures (insoles, corsets, orthoses), physio- and psychotherapy. Exercise therapy and breathing exercises are also prescribed up to 4 times a week for 20 minutes. Exercises to strengthen the muscular corset are performed lying down. For 3-5 years, it is recommended to carry out sanatorium-and-spa treatment.

Physiotherapy for DST:

With minor dysplastic disorders, the child is shown a general daily regimen with dosed work / study and a normal alternation of work / rest. If osteogenesis imperfecta is diagnosed, corsets are prescribed and it is recommended to lead a sparing lifestyle (you can’t run, jump, and so on).

Diet therapy for DST

An unbalanced diet accelerates the progression of dysplastic changes in the body. The type of treatment table according to Pevzner is prescribed after examination of the gastrointestinal tract by a gastroenterologist.

With connective tissue dysplasia, it is recommended to use foods rich in protein and B vitamins, nuts, fish and beef, dietary supplements with combined chondroprotectors. They normalize protein metabolism. Food containing ascorbic acid, tocopherol and trace elements improves collagen synthesis. With excessive growth, it is useful for a child to consume soybean oil, lard, pumpkin seeds and drugs that inhibit the production of somatotropic hormone.

Medical therapy

Drug treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and eliminating the pathological causes of connective tissue dysplasia. In symptomatic therapy, painkillers, adaptogens, sedatives, β-blockers and other medications are used.

Pathogenetic drug treatment is aimed at:

• activation of collagen synthesis;
• correction of violations of the formation of glycosaminoglycans;
• normalization of mineral, vitamin metabolism;
• increasing the bioenergy reserve;
• normalization of peroxidation processes and the level of free amino acids.

Children with CTD need replacement therapy with the use of proline, arginine, tyrosine and other substances necessary to correct the processes of connective tissue development.

Of particular importance is the treatment with magnesium-containing drugs. Magnerot, Magne B6, and other products with the Mg element increase the body's tolerance to physical exertion, reduce the severity of symptoms of vegetative, asthenic and cardiac disorders.

A common treatment regimen for connective tissue dysplasia:

1. First stage. Mildronate intravenously, 5 ml for 10 days, then 250 mg twice a day for 12 days, and later they switch to Actovegin drip or inside. Magnerot for a week, 2 tablets three times a day, then 1 tablet / 3 times / day for a month. Vitamin C (if there are no contraindications) at 0.6 g / day - up to 4 weeks.
2. Second phase. Zinkit is taken 2 tablets / day for 4 months. Riboxin is prescribed 1 tab. / 3 times a day for 8 weeks.
3. Third stage. Drink a solution of 1% copper sulfate, 10 drops three times a day for a month. Structum twice a day and Calcium Sandoz 3 times a day - 500 mg for 3 months. Mexidol 2 ml intravenously for two weeks.

Surgery

Surgical intervention is carried out according to strict indications, if the identified violation threatens the life of the child, there is a pronounced pain syndrome. Thorocoplasty, removal of the lens, prosthetic valves and other types of operations are performed with severe deformation of the skeleton, in case of anomalies in the structure of blood vessels, heart, eye structures.

DST forecast

Doctors give a favorable prognosis for treatment with a localized type of pathology. If a child has an undifferentiated form of CTD with multiple dysplastic changes, therapy stops the progression of the disease, but does not return the normal physiological structure.

In case of untimely detection of CTD or incorrect selection of treatment methods, the risk of early disability of the child or sudden death due to irreversible processes in the cardiovascular system is increased.

Indications and contraindications for CTD in children

With connective tissue dysplasia, parents need to scrupulously follow medical recommendations and monitor the dosage of loads for a sick baby.

A child with CTD is shown:

• daily performance of muscle-strengthening exercises for 15-30 minutes (in the supine position);
• walks;
• swimming;
• a ride on the bicycle;
• exercise therapy according to a weakened program;
• adherence to the principles of proper nutrition;
• the use of food enriched with protein, vitamins C, A, groups B, E, PP, selenium, calcium, magnesium, copper, phosphorus, zinc;
• annual survey;
• psychologist consultations.

With connective tissue insufficiency, a child is not recommended to live in areas with a hot climate or a polluted ecosystem, it is impossible to lift more than 3 kg, dance or engage in contact sports. It is also contraindicated for children with CTD to perform spinal traction, work (gymnastics) that requires great physical or mental stress associated with vibration.

Prevention of DST

Prevention of DST by non-drug methods is recommended not only for the child, but for all family members. These include diet therapy, exercise therapy, physiotherapy, psychotherapy. Also, people with TS dysplasia should annually undergo drug correction of metabolic disorders to activate collagen formation, visit sanatoriums, and follow other medical recommendations.

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With arthrosis of the hip joints, Evdokimenko's healing gymnastics is an important part of the successful treatment of the patient. Only an integrated approach to the treatment of the disease will help to achieve an improvement in the state of health, especially when large joints are affected. Exercise therapy will successfully strengthen muscles and ligaments, activate local blood circulation and ensure the delivery of all the necessary nutrients to the cartilage tissue.

The principles of exercise therapy from Evdokimenko

A set of exercises is developed depending on the localization of the affected joint individually for each patient. This takes into account the state of health of the patient, the degree of development of the pathological process, the severity of the course of the disease, the presence of complications and concomitant diseases. Incorrect selection of movements can significantly worsen the patient's well-being. It is desirable that the set of exercises be agreed with a specialist in physical therapy.

Dr. Evdokimenko with arthrosis has developed special exercises for all large joints, which must be taken into account. A personal approach will ensure the achievement of a positive result in the shortest possible time, while minimizing the risk of side effects.

Gymnastics is aimed at strengthening muscles, ligaments and improving tissue trophism. At the same time, there are no exercises in which the patient must bend, unbend or rotate the damaged joint. After all, increased loads lead to further progression of the disease and deterioration of the patient's health.

When performing gymnastics, there may be slight soreness due to the load on muscles that were not previously intensively involved. This condition will pass after a few days of regular practice. If the movement is accompanied by a sharp pain, you can not do it. There are 2 explanations for this: either the execution is incorrect, or it does not suit you.

Exercise therapy should be done only during remission. It is strictly forbidden to carry out gymnastics during an exacerbation of the disease. Pavel Evdokimenko has developed a fairly large set of exercises for large joints. However, it is not necessary to do them all at once. Among them there are movements not only to strengthen the affected joints, but also on the muscles of the back and the press. One session of physical therapy should include about 2-3 exercises for stretching, and 5-7 for strengthening. A large selection will diversify the workout, its duration should be about 15-30 minutes daily.

Types of exercises for joint diseases

In diseases of the joints, complicated by degenerative-dystrophic processes, it is strictly forbidden to make fast dynamic movements. These are squats, swinging arms, legs with maximum amplitude and others.

All exercises should be static, in extreme cases - slow dynamic. With their help, you can strengthen weakened muscles and ligaments of the joint, because with pain in the knee, a person will spare this leg, which will eventually lead to their atrophy.

The most common example of a static exercise is to lift your leg 10-20 cm above the level of support while lying on your back and hold it in this position for 1-2 minutes. Slow dynamic movement - slowly raise and lower the limb several times.

An important role in the successful treatment of diseases of large joints is played by exercises aimed not only at strengthening, but also at stretching the joint capsule and ligamentous apparatus. These movements must be done very slowly and carefully. You can not do gymnastics through force, overcoming pain. You need to be patient, and after a few weeks of regular gymnastics, joint mobility will increase slightly.

Exercise therapy for coxarthrosis

Physiotherapy exercises for diseases of the hip joints should be carried out very carefully, taking into account the patient's condition. Classes should begin with static exercises. In this case, the thigh muscles are involved, and the joint itself remains motionless. Coxarthrosis involves training in the position of the patient lying on his back or sitting.

The main exercises for physiotherapy exercises for diseases of the hip joints at home:

1. Spread a rug on the floor, lie on your back. Slowly and carefully lift each leg 15-20 cm and hold for 30-40 seconds. During classes, you need to follow the rules of training: raising the legs should be carried out using the muscles of the thigh and buttocks. Do the exercise with both limbs and rest a bit. After that, repeat the load in a dynamic version: gently raise the leg by 10-20 cm and slowly lower it, holding it at the highest point for a few seconds. It is necessary to complete 10-12 approaches, each time taking a short break.
2. Roll over on your stomach, stretch your arms along the body, and bend one leg at the knee. Raise it above the floor by 10-15 cm and hold for 30-40 seconds. Lower the limb, relax and reproduce the movement with the other leg. Repeat the exercise in a dynamic form - gently raise and lower several times. Gymnastics for arthrosis should be carried out correctly and slowly, it is worth following the recommendations. Your goal is to increase circulation and strengthen muscles, not to lift the limb as high and fast as possible.
3. Lying on your stomach, stretch your arms along the body and straighten your legs. Suitable for physically strong people, as it is a rather difficult exercise, and can provoke an increase in blood pressure levels. To perform it, you need to slightly raise both legs, spread them apart and bring them together. Movements should be slow and smooth. It is necessary to do 8-10 approaches.
4. Lie on your right side, bending the limb of the same name at the knee. Raise the left leg to 45° and hold for 20-30 seconds. Turn to the other side and repeat.
5. Starting position - similar to the previous one. Raise the straight leg to a level of about 45 °, and holding it at a height, slowly turn it out and back. Repeat rotational movements 8-10 times. You should twist not only the foot, but the entire limb, starting from the hip. The exercise is quite difficult, it must be done very slowly and smoothly so as not to provoke damage to the diseased joint.
6. Lie on your back, bend your knees, and stretch your arms along the torso. Raise the pelvis, leaning on the shoulders and feet. Stay in this position for 20-30 seconds, lie down and relax. Repeat the movement several times in a slow dynamic version.

Exercise therapy for gonarthrosis

With arthrosis of the knee joint, physiotherapy exercises include certain types of exercises that are performed from different positions. The first 4 movements are similar to those that need to be done with coxarthrosis.

Subsequent workouts should be carried out sitting on a chair or standing. To achieve a positive result from physiotherapy exercises, the load must be increased gradually, increasing the number of movements and the total time of the lesson. After the end of the workout, the patient should rest and relax. To do this, you can lie on a horizontal surface: this will improve blood circulation in the joints. It is advisable to take a contrast shower.

The following set of exercises will help cure the knee:

1. Sitting on a chair with a flat back, alternately straighten and raise each leg. If possible, it is desirable to hold it in this position for about 40-50 seconds.
2. The patient should face the chair and lean on its back. Rise on your toes and stand like this for 3-5 seconds. Repeat the exercise several times.
3. Without changing position, rise on the toe of one leg, and then completely stand on the sole. At the same time, stand on the toe of the other limb. Repeat the movement several times. You will get a “roll”, due to which blood circulation is activated in the area of ​​​​the knee joint.
4. The final stage of any workout is a light massage. You can do it yourself, without resorting to the help of relatives and friends. It is necessary to gently stretch the muscles of the anterolateral surface of the thigh.

Gonarthrosis is quite difficult to treat, so you need to make every effort to achieve a positive result. Physiotherapy exercises can provide effective help, but for this you need to do classes regularly for a long time.

An important role is played by concomitant pathology of the genitourinary organs (such infections as cytomegalovirus, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis), as well as hormonal disorders. Therefore, to prevent recurrence of dysplasia, it is imperative to cure all infections of the genital area.

In order to avoid cross-infection, the woman's sexual partner must also be diagnosed and treated.

How does pregnancy go after cervical dysplasia treatment with cauterization?

In medical institutions, the treatment of cervical dysplasia is mainly practiced by cauterization (physical or chemical methods). Then you can see:

• Difficulties with conception - cicatricial changes narrow the lumen of the cervical canal;
• The likelihood of rupture of the cervical canal during childbirth - after cauterization, the cervix becomes less elastic, scars may remain on it.

After cauterization for a month, all women are prohibited from recommending:

• have sex
• Use sanitary tampons
• Douching and taking a bath
• Visit swimming pools, baths, saunas
• Do heavy physical labor, lift weights, play sports intensively
• Take blood thinners (such as acetylsalicylic acid)

Is it possible to cure cervical dysplasia with folk remedies?

In the treatment of cervical dysplasia are used:

• Vaginal tampons with aloe. One leaf of aloe not younger than three years of age) must be crushed and left in an enamel bowl for 10-20 minutes. After that, the tampon is moistened in the resulting juice and inserted into the vagina for 20-30 minutes. The procedure must be performed 2 times a day ( in the morning and in the evening) within 1 month. Aloe improves metabolic processes at the cellular level, activates the protective properties of tissues, increases resistance to damaging factors and accelerates wound healing.
• Healing collection based on calendula. To prepare the collection, you need to take 50 grams of calendula flowers, 40 grams of rose hips, nettle leaves and yarrow. All these ingredients must be crushed and mixed, and then prepare an infusion at the rate of 1 teaspoon of herbal collection per 1 cup ( 200 ml) boiling water. Use for douching flushing) vagina 3 times a day. It has anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating and wound-healing effects, and also improves metabolic processes in tissues.
• Tampons with sea buckthorn oil. Sea buckthorn oil protects cells from damage by various aggressive factors, has a general strengthening effect, and also accelerates the healing and restoration of mucous membranes. The tampon is impregnated with sea buckthorn oil, slightly squeezed out and inserted into the vagina at night. The duration of treatment is not more than 1 month.
• Decoction of eucalyptus leaves. It has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral effects. These effects are provided due to the tannins contained in the leaves of eucalyptus, essential oils and a number of other components. To prepare a decoction, pour 2 tablespoons of crushed eucalyptus leaves into 300 ml of hot water, bring to a boil and boil for 15 minutes. Cool to room temperature, strain thoroughly and add another 200 ml of boiled water. Apply for douching of the vagina 2 times a day ( in the morning and in the evening).
• Propolis ointment. Propolis activates metabolic processes in tissues, has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. To prepare the ointment, 20 grams of propolis is mixed with 400 g of melted butter and heated over low heat for 20 minutes. The resulting mixture is impregnated with tampons, which are inserted into the vagina for 15-20 minutes twice a day. The duration of treatment is 1 month.
• Green tea. It has been scientifically proven that green tea has a pronounced antioxidant effect, that is, it increases the resistance of body cells to the effects of harmful factors ( free radicals and others), thereby reducing the risk of developing malignant neoplasms. With cervical dysplasia, green tea infusion is used to douche the vagina. To prepare the infusion, 2 - 3 teaspoons of tea leaves should be poured into 1 glass ( 200 ml) boiling water and leave for 1 hour. Apply warm to body temperature 2 times a day.
• A decoction of bergenia roots. Badan rhizome has astringent and antimicrobial action. To prepare a decoction, 100 grams of crushed bergenia root is poured with 500 milliliters of hot boiled water. Bring to a boil over low heat and boil for 20 minutes, then cool and store in a cool, dark place. For douching 1 tablespoon of decoction ( 15 ml) must be diluted in 1 glass ( 200 ml) warm boiled water.

Is cervical erosion different from dysplasia?

Erosion is a pathological condition in which a certain area of ​​the mucous membrane of the cervix is ​​destroyed and the submucosal layer is exposed. Despite the seriousness of this disease, it rarely becomes malignant ( develops into a malignant tumor).

Dysplasia is a precancerous condition characterized by a violation of the cellular structure of the mucous membrane of the cervix. Without treatment, cervical dysplasia often progresses to cervical cancer.

Comparative characteristics of erosion and dysplasia of the cervix

Method principle
The cells of the human body contain a large amount of water, which actively absorbs high-frequency ( 3.8 - 4 megahertz) radio wave radiation, turning into steam. This causes coagulation protein folding and cell destruction) in tissues located directly in the affected area, while healthy tissues are not damaged.

The advantages of the method are:

• High accuracy. With the help of computer technology, it is possible to remove even the smallest foci of dysplasia.
• Minimal damage to healthy tissue. This method allows you to remove the area of ​​cervical dysplasia at the border with healthy tissues, practically without damaging them. Thermal burn with radio wave treatment is several times less than with electrocoagulation or laser removal of dysplasia.
• Possibility of outpatient treatment. For radio wave removal of cervical dysplasia, hospitalization is not required. After the procedure, the patient can go home, but follow-up visits to the gynecologist are necessary within a few months.
• Painlessness. During the procedure, the nerve endings responsible for the formation and transmission of pain impulses are destroyed, so pain during and after the procedure is very slight.
• cosmetic effect. After the procedure, there is a quick and complete tissue recovery. Full recovery is observed after 3-4 weeks. Postoperative scars are not formed.

• If cancer is suspected. In this case, it is necessary to accurately confirm the diagnosis, since the use of this method to remove cancer can lead to serious complications ( in particular, to metastasis - the spread of cancer cells through the bloodstream throughout the body).
• In the presence of infectious diseases of the external genital organs, the cervix, the uterus itself.
• During a fever. The use of this method is contraindicated in all diseases that occur with fever, headaches and muscle pain, heavy sweat and other symptoms.

• Vaginal discharge. Observed within 1 week after the procedure. Vaginal discharge may be bloody or mucusy ( ichor), are not accompanied by soreness and usually disappear within 2 to 3 days.
• Bleeding. If bleeding begins soon after the procedure, you should immediately consult a doctor.
• infectious complications. They are extremely rare and usually develop as a result of non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene.
• Temperature increase. There may be a slight increase in body temperature ( up to 37.5 - 38ºС). It is necessary to consult a doctor at higher numbers, and also if the temperature does not return to normal within 2 days.

What are the complications and consequences of cervical dysplasia?

Cervical cancer
It is the most formidable complication of cervical dysplasia. Usually, the process of malignant transformation of dysplasia into a tumor takes from 2 to 10 years, but sometimes it can develop more quickly ( within a few months). As in the case of dysplasia, the clinical manifestations of cervical cancer in the early stages of the disease are mild. Initially, the tumor affects only the mucous membrane, but as it progresses, it spreads to the deeper layers of the organ and to neighboring tissues ( on the body of the uterus, on the vagina). The main symptom in this case is frequent spotting from the vagina outside the menstrual cycle. As a result of metastasis spread of tumor cells throughout the body with the flow of lymph and blood) lymph nodes and distant organs are affected ( lungs, bones and others). In the later stages, the disease is manifested by severe abdominal pain, fever, swelling of the lower extremities, and general exhaustion.

Undesirable consequences of the treatment of cervical dysplasia can be:

• Bleeding. The greatest risk of bleeding occurs after surgical removal of cervical dysplasia, since in this case the wound surface is especially large. Bleeding can be provoked by sexual contact, the use of hygienic tampons, or careless medical manipulation. Other methods ( cauterization, radio wave treatment) are less likely to be complicated by bleeding.
• Scar formation and difficulty in childbirth. Scars of varying severity can form on the uterine mucosa after removal of dysplasia by any of the methods. Under normal conditions, during the first stage of labor, the contraction of the muscle fibers of the uterus occurs, resulting in the opening of the external pharynx of the cervix. However, scar tissue does not have the same extensibility as muscle tissue. As a result of this, the resulting lumen of the cervical canal will be narrower than normal, which can create obstacles in the process of childbirth. It can also cause rupture of the cervical canal ( fetus) and the development of bleeding during childbirth.
• Relapse ( recurrence of the disease). A possible cause of recurrence of cervical dysplasia is the human papillomavirus. Modern methods of treating the disease, such as cauterization ( laser or electricity), cryodestruction ( destruction by cold exposure) or surgery removes only the area of ​​dysplasia directly, but does not eliminate the cause of its occurrence. If the papillomavirus remains within healthy tissues, over time, the disease may develop again. Also, the possibility of re-infection of a woman with this virus is not excluded ( during subsequent unprotected intercourse). A less common cause of dysplasia is incomplete removal of damaged tissue during treatment.
• infectious complications. The procedure for removing dysplasia by any of the methods significantly reduces the local protective properties of the mucous membrane of the cervix, which can cause infectious complications. To prevent this, it is recommended to observe the rules of personal hygiene and refrain from unprotected sexual intercourse for 1 month after treatment.

Is there a drug treatment for cervical dysplasia?

Drug treatment of cervical dysplasia

Is it possible to have sex with cervical dysplasia?

Cervical dysplasia is characterized by the appearance in the mucous membrane of the organ of atypical cells, which are usually not found in it. This pathology is a precancerous disease, that is, without appropriate treatment, it can degenerate into cancer. Dysplasia does not occur at once, but develops over a long time as a result of various factors. In other words, the appearance of this disease indicates a long-term and persistent pathological process in the body.

This fact is explained by the fact that under normal conditions, a viral infection can be latent, that is, viral particles are present in the cells of the body, but due to the activity of the immune system, they do not multiply and do not infect other cells. During pregnancy, there is a natural suppression of the woman's immune system. This happens so that the mother's body does not perceive the developing fetus as "alien" and does not begin to fight with it. The negative effect of this process is the activation of a "sleeping" infection. Viruses begin to actively multiply and infect new cells, causing mutations in their genetic apparatus. This condition is aggravated by the fact that during pregnancy in the female body there is a deficiency of folic acid, leading to disruption of regeneration processes ( restoration and renewal) mucous membranes.

After childbirth, the activity of the immune system and the reserves of folic acid in the woman's body are restored, as a result of which the infection can again go into a "sleeping" form, and dysplasia will disappear. It should be noted that this phenomenon is observed quite rarely. More often, cervical dysplasia progresses and, without appropriate treatment, can turn into cancer.

Severe cervical dysplasia
It is characterized by the germination of atypical cells in the deep layers of the mucous membrane and the possible appearance of cancer cells. This condition requires immediate treatment surgical removal of cervical dysplasia), as it can turn into cancer.

Is it possible to give birth with cervical dysplasia?

With dysplasia, mutations occur in the cells of the mucous membrane of the cervix, as a result of which they change, become unlike the normal cells of this organ. These mutations are usually caused by infection ( herpes virus, human papillomavirus, chlamydial infection and others). The impact of dysplasia on the birth process is determined by the stage of the disease, as well as previous treatment.

Depending on the prevalence of the pathological process, there are:

• mild dysplasia. It is characterized by damage to the surface layer of the mucous membrane. There is practically no danger for a pregnant woman and fetus, since only in 10% of cases the disease progresses over the next 2 to 3 years. Such women should be tested for the presence of the human papillomavirus ( which is a common cause of this disease) and conduct a cytological study ( that is, examine under a microscope cells taken from the surface of the mucous membrane). It is recommended to visit a gynecologist at least once a month and monitor the condition of the mucous membrane of the cervix. Specific treatment is not required, and childbirth can take place through the natural birth canal.
• Moderate degree of dysplasia. As the disease progresses, the pathological process extends to the deeper layers of the mucous membrane. The risk of malignant degeneration in this case is increased, and therefore a woman is recommended to perform a cytological examination in each trimester of pregnancy. However, there is no immediate threat to the health and life of the mother and fetus, so if the results of the study do not reveal signs of the transition of dysplasia to cancer, the pregnancy can proceed normally and the woman can also give birth naturally.
• severe dysplasia. It is characterized by pronounced mutational changes in the cells of the mucous membrane of the cervix, damage to the deeper layers of the organ and a high risk of developing cancer. A cytological examination is mandatory in each trimester of pregnancy, and if cancer is suspected, a biopsy is performed ( removal of part of the tissue in the area of ​​dysplasia and study of its structure).

If a woman previously suffered from cervical dysplasia, and she received appropriate treatment ( cauterization, surgical removal and so on), there is a high probability of a postoperative scar. If the scar is small, it will not affect the course of childbirth. However, if it is large, it can disrupt the process of opening the external os of the cervix and the passage of the fetus through the birth canal, in connection with which the issue of caesarean section is being considered.

Do I need to follow a diet for cervical dysplasia?

An important role in the development of this disease is played by the functional state of the immune system. Infectious agents can stay in the female body for a long time, but thanks to strong immunity, they will not be able to develop. For the normal functioning of the immune system, good nutrition is necessary, as well as the regular use of vitamins and microelements that are not formed in the human body and come only with food. Their deficiency can lead to a decrease in immunity and the activation of a "sleeping" infection. At the same time, the detection and correction of a deficiency of one or another vitamin can contribute to the patient's speedy recovery.

• Smoked and fried food- contains a large amount of carcinogens - substances that contribute to the development of malignant neoplasms in the body.
• Alcoholic drinks- reduce the protective properties of the body.
• Spicy condiments.
• Genetically modified foods.
• Sweets in abundance.

Is photodynamic therapy effective for cervical dysplasia?

As the disease progresses, the number of atypical cells increases, they grow into the deeper layers of the mucous membrane, that is, grade 2 dysplasia develops. If the disease is not cured at this stage, atypical cells can affect all layers of the cervical mucosa ( what is typical for grade 3 dysplasia). In addition, with grade 3 dysplasia, cell mutations become more pronounced, as a result of which cells can degenerate into cancerous ones.

The principle of the method of photodynamic therapy
At the beginning of the procedure, a gel containing a special substance, a photosensitizer, is applied to the dysplasia zone. One of the properties of this substance is the ability to accumulate in pathologically altered cells ( in the area of ​​dysplasia), without penetrating into healthy cells of the mucous membrane. After 30-40 minutes, a special laser is applied to the dysplasia zone, under the action of which the molecules of the photosensitizer are activated and the cells in which it is located are destroyed.

Since a small part of the photosensitizer can enter the systemic circulation, it is recommended to limit sun exposure, TV viewing, computer work, and so on after the procedure.

The main advantages of the method are:

• high sensitivity ( healthy tissues are practically not damaged);
• painlessness;
• no bleeding;
• fast wound healing process;
• absence of postoperative scars;
• preservation of the anatomical integrity of the cervical mucosa.

• If cervical cancer is suspected - procedure may promote metastasis ( the spread of cancer cells through the bloodstream throughout the body).
• With cervical dysplasia of the 3rd degree - in this case, there is a high probability of having cervical cancer that has not been diagnosed.
• With increased sensitivity to photosensitizers - allergic reactions can develop, up to anaphylactic shock and death of a woman.
• During pregnancy - the drug can penetrate the placental barrier and damage the fetus.
• While breastfeeding - The drug may be excreted in breast milk.
• With renal and / or liver failure - these organs neutralize and release the photosensitizer from the body.

Is it possible to sunbathe with cervical dysplasia?

An important role in the development of dysplasia is played by the immune system, which protects the body from the action of foreign infections, and also prevents the development of malignant tumors. It has been scientifically proven that with the normal functioning of the immune system, the human papillomavirus can be in the cells of the mucous membrane of the cervix for a long time without manifesting itself. At the same time, when the immune system is weakened ( during pregnancy or with various chronic diseases) a “dormant” infection may be activated, as a result of which the virus will begin to actively multiply.

Ultraviolet rays also have a damaging effect on the genetic apparatus of skin cells and mucous membranes. To protect themselves from their aggressive action, the pigment melanin is formed in the skin, which causes a change in the color of the skin during tanning. However, some ultraviolet rays still penetrate the deeper layers of the skin ( especially in the first days of tanning, when melanin has not yet had time to form in sufficient quantities). This leads to the emergence of many genetic mutations, that is, potentially a large number of cancer cells. Normally, they are immediately detected by the body's immune system and destroyed, however, with frequent and prolonged exposure to sunlight, the number of mutations that occur is so large that the immune system may not be able to cope with its function, as a result of which the likelihood of developing cancer increases.

Given that cervical dysplasia usually develops against a background of already reduced immunity, it becomes clear why with this disease it is necessary to limit the effects of direct sunlight on the body as much as possible, and also refuse to visit the solarium.

Is IVF possible for cervical dysplasia?

Dysplasia is characterized by damage to the genetic apparatus of the cells of the mucous membrane of the cervix. As a result of ongoing mutations in this area, atypical, abnormal cells appear. Gradually multiplying, they affect an increasing area of ​​the mucous membrane, and in the absence of appropriate treatment, they can degenerate into cancer cells.

Although the presence of dysplasia itself has practically no effect on the IVF procedure, subsequent pregnancy can significantly complicate the course of the disease. That is why, before IVF, a woman must necessarily undergo a number of examinations and cure existing chronic diseases, including cervical dysplasia.

Lubanalikare 09/09/2010 at 16:29:35

Dancing at 4 and hip dysplasia. joints?

If a child at 4 months had dysplasia of m/b joints, which was treated and cured (a control ultrasound was done). We see a pediatric orthopedist once a year.
Is it possible for us to dance, now the boy is 4.5 years old? Went to the 1st class, really liked it. For about 45 minutes they (children) were jumping and jumping. We will be able to get to the orthopedist only on Tuesday.
Dancing is serious, 3 times a week, choreographers of the old school.
I know that it seems that you can’t do figure skating until the age of 5, and so the orthopedist said that he needs to rest between running and jumping, i.e. Loads can be given but intermittently.

• Lubanalikare 09/16/2010 at 11:59:26 AM

  Were at the orthopedist, allowed dancing, saying that at the level of "two swoops you can"

  and even useful for his feet (the teacher at the dance said the same thing - to walk on tiptoes, heels, that is, the aunt immediately cuts someone's what's in children.
  I also recommended taking a picture "because you have a boy and someday the question of the army will arise" - somehow for the future :-)
  In general, we will walk, the child pissing with boiling water for dancing. I watched him through the window for a couple of minutes - he repeats movements worse than other children, not so accurately (I also had the same garbage at all sorts of team concerts at school, I always "grazed my back in dances") So let it be like for now. Then there may be some kind of sport, but apart from swimming, I don’t want any sport yet (up to 10 years).
  The orthopedist said that we have a “critical period” or age before the age of 10, shorter than nun to follow.

  Chukotka 10/09/2010 at 14:27:59

  There are not enough damn words. Yes, fuck a child dancing at 4 years old, also with "choreographers" of the old school?

  Why does your child need this constant drill?

  A woman is considered an intelligent being (c) Anonymous

  • 09/10/2010 at 04:17:32 PM

    PPKS

    Saying "I love you" will take a few seconds, showing how - will take a lifetime.....

    Now I'm Mom in the "cube" :)))))

    Nataya 10/09/2010 at 14:50:00

    Teri 09/10/2010 at 06:28:12 PM

    1 (-)

    We write not the way we speak; we don't talk the way we think; we don't think the way we feel

    Lubanalikare 09/10/2010 at 21:12:16

    And is there really a drill? Did you go there? I don’t know, I didn’t go to dances as a child, so I have no idea what drill is

    As a child, I didn’t have enough classes (dances, circles), the attention of teachers to me personally, a swimming coach to me personally, an aerobics instructor, and even at school I don’t remember “drill” in anything. And there it seems to me that although the group is large, attention will be paid to each child. And that's bullshit for me.
    I would not say that we have problem joints, we HAD dysplasia. In what state now the joints have no idea. I hope it's very GOOD!!!
    The opinion of the orthopedist will be decisive for me. If he says no, then we will definitely not go.
    I think that some kind of physical education is still needed for a child at 4.5 years old (by the way, he is already pushing himself off the floor 10 times).

    • nsvetka 09/11/2010 at 02:39:48

      If I were you, while the child is small, I would transfer him to ballroom dancing

      There is much less workload. Because in folk dances there are a lot of jumps, tricks, lifts, it's all a very big load on the joint. My eldest was engaged in Nar. dance from 3 to 6. years with your diagnosis. During this period, we did not see an orthopedist. After 6 years, we still showed up at the orthopedist, he categorically forbade us to dance. And at the Institute of Orthopedics, we were told that this is your lifelong diagnosis, and if possible, avoid running and jumping. I even took an exemption from phys-ry.

  Maria_ 09/11/2010 at 06:20:14

  Well, it's kind of a double-edged sword....

  I would suggest talking to an orthopedist
  better with two
  because in some cases just the load is needed

  if anyone remembers, we had an epic with tbs
  so we are not just shown, but strongly recommended to just load
  

YOLKA_ 09/10/2010 at 10:35:26

well, as far as I know, it’s impossible with sharp jumps (acrobatics, figure skating, trampoline)

and if classical choreography, then somewhere it’s even useful
we have the same situation, only a girl. 5 years, up to a year was in the apparatus. we have been dancing for the second year

• Lubanalikare 09/10/2010 at 13:13:28

  Thank you! you reassured me, although I have doubts. 3 times a week, serious workload, old school choreographer, ensemble "happy childhood"

  plus we also went to English 2 r per week. those. It turns out that all 5 days are busy. Wouldn't it be too much for 4.5 years?

  • Lubanalikare 09/10/2010 at 01:15:23 PM

    Yesterday she also said that he should do gymnastics himself at home, she straightened his back, turned his neck to the right to the left, so that it seemed to crunch :-)

    • vetochka_detochka 09/10/2010 at 02:15:29 PM

      my daughter was forbidden by an orthopedist to do folk exercises at the age of 5

      we filtered the ban (it really asked for it) and gave it to the group. True, they warned the manager that if he complained, he would immediately signal us. Everything went without problems. She is now 11 and is engaged in folk stage dancing and hip-hop.

      And our sons, it seems, go to Nina Valentinovna in the same group. :)

      • Lubanalikare 09/10/2010 at 21:02:00

        Yes, to Nina Valentinovna. Did your daughter also start with this team? And what do you think the loads are? How serious is this? Of course in life he runs and jumps a lot +

        But he himself runs and jumps, and can take a break for a minute (having approached me on the site :-), and there under the guidance and I don’t know if there are breaks there, the door is closed there and the windows are "opaque" :-))
        He likes it (after 2 classes), today they didn’t go, because I did not succeed, so he cried.

  YOLKA_ 09/10/2010 at 15:55:20

  Well, we didn’t go to such serious classes anyway

  because in serious teams the requirements are higher. we went to a private room, the group is small, you can just say OFP. and only now we have already joined a professional team.
  I think that you should take a closer look, listen to the child, so that this load is not too big for him.
  and the fact that it’s harmful in general ... he runs, climbs all sorts of climbing frames, etc. You can't ban it, can you? and not much of a difference...

Lubanalikare 09/10/2010 at 01:16:15 PM

It's good that we didn't go to the trampoline in the summer, and the little one asked a lot, I didn't even know that he couldn't

Many women are concerned about the question, is it possible to have sex with cervical dysplasia? When a patient is diagnosed with dysplasia, it can often seem that this is a kind of collapse of the physiological and reproductive potentials of the body, the first step towards a terrible and inevitable diagnosis - oncology. However, the reality is quite different from these stereotypical ideas.

In order to determine what can and cannot be done with cervical dysplasia, it is worth familiarizing yourself in more detail with the nature of the onset and development of the disease, its main manifestations and predicted clinical consequences.

So, cervical dysplasia is directly related to the formation of atypical cellular material in the cervical canal. That is, this pathology represents some specific changes in the structure of the epithelial layer of the uterine cervix, as well as the internal structure of cells, associated with the processes of restructuring and genetic transformation taking place in the body.

It is difficult to say what factors contribute to the development of cervical dysplasia. However, modern gynecological studies identify certain risk groups, the patients belonging to which are at high risk of dysplasia. Namely, it is:

• patients who have undergone one or more abortions, curettage or other aggressive gynecological interventions;
• women using intrauterine contraceptives (spirals);
• patients with untreated or chronic diseases of the reproductive system, infectious or inflammatory;
• women who are promiscuous and prone to sexual experimentation.

However, having sex directly does not affect the development of the pathology and its possible aggravation. The exception is when a woman experiences pain during sex - this indicates a significant extent of the spread of the lesion.

Typical symptomatic manifestations

Symptoms of the disease may not appear in principle - and some pronounced clinical signs are likely to be associated with the development of concomitant gynecological diseases, including lesions of the cervix.

The symptoms of cervical dysplasia are especially intense with the parallel development of fibroids, polyposis, inflammatory, as well as infectious processes affecting the uterus and appendages.

It should be noted that in the early stages of the development of pathology, it is almost asymptomatic. Depending on the development of concomitant diseases, in a patient diagnosed with cervical dysplasia, the following clinical manifestations are possible:

• anovulatory vaginal bleeding;
• viscous, smearing white discharge associated with the possible development of vaginitis;
• pain manifestations of a spasmodic nature, localized in the groin and lower back;
• menstrual irregularities;
• difficulties with conceiving a child, prolonging into possible infertility;
• weakening of the immune system;
• dysfunction of the organs of the circulatory system;
• general weakness, anemia.

If the patient has found at least a few signs from the indicated list, it is necessary to urgently contact the attending physician for advice. It is also worth taking into account the fact that cervical dysplasia is a disease characterized by a high level of individual progress. That is, the development of this disease is determined by individual factors, which are difficult to predict.

Psychosomatics of dysplasia and sexuality as an indicator of a healthy body

Psychosomatic causes of a wide range of gynecological diseases have already been established by modern medical science, and at the present stage, a more thorough study of the influence of psychosomatic factors on the implementation of the reproductive and sexual functions of the female body is being carried out.

The nature of female sexuality is significantly different from male - it is determined by non-physiology, namely psychosomatics. Therefore, when a woman loses confidence in the future, is disappointed in her partner, is subjected to prolonged and systematic stress, the degree of her sexuality automatically decreases.

At the same time, she can continue to have sex - however, on a psychological level, she will feel discomfort. If she has a permanent, reliable partner, he will definitely feel that his woman does not get real pleasure from having sex, and some serious problem oppresses her.

If a man is ready to adequately respond to such changes, if he is sufficiently informed and sensitive, and most of all, if he is ready to accept his partner as she is and help her remain herself, such a man will be able to recognize the crisis of his woman’s sexuality, and will do everything necessary measures to prevent it.

Many couples face the problem of lack of sex with dysplasia every day - and they all try to somehow solve this problem, guided by their own experience or the recommendations of specialists.

However, the truth is that cervical dysplasia is a disease characterized by a high degree of individual development and the manifestation of atypical signs. Cervical dysplasia is recognized as one of the most common precancerous conditions, but to date, gynecology has not been able to establish the underlying factor that provokes the onset of the disease.

Thus, in search of an answer to the question of whether it is possible to have sex with cervical dysplasia, we analyzed a number of factors and found that this disease is not only physical, but also psychological and psychosomatic.

Sexual activity after dysplasia treatment

Few people talk about this, and gynecologists do not always focus the attention of patients on this, but, nevertheless, if there are no characteristic pain manifestations during sex that are directly related to the act of sexual intimacy, in all other cases sex cannot negatively affect the development one or another pathology of the uterus and appendages. Rather, on the contrary, the range of psychological, physiological and hormonal factors associated with the implementation of sexual contact is almost always a kind of stimulant for the body, launching all its recovery and compensatory mechanisms in an intensive mode.

Having sex with cervical dysplasia is possible and even necessary. This form of physiological intimacy with another person, the feeling of being a full-fledged, healthy person usually contributes to a more rapid restoration of the resources of an organism that has been exposed to a serious pathology.

Without claiming that sex is a panacea for diseases of the gynecological spectrum, we note that the fact of sexual intimacy almost always improves hormonal balance, blood pressure, digestion and increases the overall tone of the female body.

To suspect that against this background some kind of malignant form may develop is, at least, absurd.

At the same time, one should not exclude the influence of the sexual factor as a certain indicator of the moral and psychological health of the patient.

Having sex with a diagnosis of cervical dysplasia is possible - and most likely necessary - but there is another side to the coin. Do not succumb to the temptation and reduce all the denominators of the gynecological health of the body to this single indicator.

Pathology of dysplasia and reproductive function

With the diagnosis of cervical dysplasia, the opportunity to become pregnant and successfully bear a child seems to many to be irretrievably lost. However, it is not. A woman who has recovered from dysplasia is quite capable of becoming a mother and giving birth normally.

One of the most significant obstacles on this path is the fear inspired by the media sources and other false stereotypes and prejudices. You should not limit yourself and stop having sex with cervical dysplasia, if it does not cause you pain on a physical or psychological level. It is important to understand that regular sex is an essential component of sexual health and psychophysiological well-being.

According to medical statistics, patients with cured dysplasia normally have sex, quite successfully cope with the task of bearing a fetus, and childbirth in 95% is successful.

All these facts indicate that if a woman seeks to conceive a child, the risk of negative consequences for her is minimized. And of course, sex as a method of physiological fertilization in such cases is quite acceptable. Although sex here is not only intense physical activity - it is the path to in-depth self-knowledge and comprehension of simple psychological and philosophical truths.

Only by having sex, in unity with another person, are we able to fully realize our identity, see the ways and methods of its improvement. Therefore, sexual intimacy has been and remains one of the most effective mechanisms for one's own physical and social resuscitation, restoration of lost potential and wasted resources, including energy ones. You should not refuse to have sex, due to the development of the pathology of cervical dysplasia. You can have sex with many gynecological diseases, if this is not excluded by the doctor's recommendations, and your own feelings.

Contraindications for treatment

When a woman undergoes treatment for uterine dysplasia and the recovery process after it, it is recommended that she refrain from certain activities and forms of activity that can disrupt the body's natural rehabilitation process.

In particular, women who have recovered from dysplasia are not recommended:

• weight lifting;
• swimming lessons;
• intense physical activity and sports;
• sunbathing on the beaches and in solariums;
• a variety of spa treatments, baths;
• sexual activity.

It is clear that after a gynecological operation, the patient is not ready to have sex, both on a physical and psychological level. Depending on the choice of treatment method, recovery can last from 3 months to 1 year. Having sex in the later stages of rehabilitation is quite possible if there are no alarming symptoms and the patient herself is ready for such a step. However, it is very important to monitor your own well-being, and regularly consult with your doctor.

When undergoing surgery to eliminate dysplasia, a woman may temporarily lose her sexual desire - therefore, it is very important to provide her with timely help and support.

To have sex, a woman must feel attractive and desirable, and if you delve into the medical context of the issue, healthy. Therefore, it is necessary to provide her with all the opportunities to restore the health of the body, including sexual.

A woman in this period especially needs support and emotional empathy, which will give her the opportunity to regroup and mobilize all resources for the fastest and most effective recovery.

Many years of experience in dispensary observation of families of patients with various types of hereditary connective tissue diseases and CTD, analysis of literature data allowed us to formulate the basic principles for the treatment of these patients:

Non-drug therapy (adequate regimen, diet, exercise therapy, massage, physiotherapy and electrotherapy, psychotherapy, spa treatment, orthopedic correction, professional orientation).

Diet therapy (use of foods enriched with protein, vitamins and trace elements).

Symptomatic drug therapy (treatment of pain syndrome, improvement of venous blood flow, intake of beta-blockers, adaptogens, sedatives, hepatoprotectors.

Aerobic training of the cardiovascular system (walking, traveling, jogging, comfortable cycling, playing table tennis, skiing, dosed physical activity on simulators, etc.).

Connective tissue dysplasia is a dysfunction in which there is an abnormal formation and growth of the internal structure. This is possible both in the stage of intrauterine development and after birth. The causes of violations are associated with hereditary factors and affect the vital activity of the fibrous organization, as well as the main substance that forms the connecting elements. Mutated and malfunctioning genes determine abnormalities in the collagen and elastin chains. The latter do not tolerate mechanical stress. Genetic disorders can occur anywhere in the body due to the prevalence of internal tissue.

Signs of the disease

Hypermobility syndrome has numerous symptoms, while the degree of their manifestation can be mild or severe, but always individual. Experts combined the indications into several large categories that characterize the imbalance in work:

nervous organization; heart valves;

When you say to the patient with an understanding smile: “What is surprising, you have connective tissue dysplasia,” you are already treating him. After all, doctors used to say that everything was in order with him and there were no reasons for feeling unwell. Just think - asthenia, scoliosis, flat feet ... And then they finally make a diagnosis, do not consider him a neurasthenic and list complaints before the patient himself remembered them. Just do not overdo it, dysplasia is not a disease, it is a condition that predisposes to illness and worsens the quality of life. The patient needs to be explained at an accessible level that he was unlucky with the connective tissue, but you know this condition and know how to deal with it.

I repeat once again: a thorough examination of the patient is a must! Even if you see that complaints indicate the functional nature of the disease, it is better to play it safe. Associated pathology is treated necessarily and in the first place.

Connective tissue dysplasia ”is a diagnosis that is increasingly found in the conclusions of doctors. Let's try to deal with such a frequent, but almost incomprehensible term for the parents of patients.

"Dysplasia" refers to the abnormal formation, development, in a particular case, of connective tissue. Connective tissue is widely represented in our body. It is present in the skin, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, and muscles, including the heart.

Collagen is the main protein in the composition of connective tissue fibers, the process of its formation is complex, and if changes (mutations) occur, then abnormal collagen is formed. If the mutations are severe, organ damage is significant. These people are geneticists. But mutations are much more common when certain traits are inherited, for example, excessively mobile joints. In the family, this sign is inherited, often other signs join it - vulnerability and excessive stretching.

A fresh medical term that appeared not so long ago - dysplasia, means any possible types of pathologies in the development of different parts of the human body, various organs and a number of tissues. The appearance of such pathologies begins to form at the stage of embryonic development of the fetus and is, as a result, an incorrect maturation of the structure of cells, their configuration or size, incorrect creation of tissues, and as a result, the pathologies of any organ or organ system that have appeared.

However, recently, dysplasia is increasingly being detected in a growing child, there are examples of the manifestation of pathologies in adults who have taken place. It should be noted that dysplasia is not a disease, but pathological changes in the structure of organs.

Causes of the appearance of pathology

The most common causes of pathologies are genetic abnormalities in the formation of the fetus. Dysplasia can develop in case of hormonal disruptions c.

What is connective tissue dysplasia?

Connective tissue dysplasia is a violation of the formation and development of connective tissue, observed both at the stage of embryonic growth and in people after their birth. In general, the term dysplasia refers to any violation of the formation of tissues or organs, which can occur both in utero and postnatally. Pathologies occur due to genetic factors, affect both the fibrous structures and the main substance that makes up the connective tissue.

Sometimes you can find such names as connective tissue dysplasia, congenital connective tissue insufficiency, hereditary collagenopathy, hypermobility syndrome. All these definitions are synonymous with the main name of the disease.

Genetic mutations occur anywhere, as connective tissue is distributed throughout the body. Elastane chains and

Can you easily roll your ear into a tube? Or straighten the little finger 90 degrees? Wait to show these tricks to friends, it is possible that these are manifestations of connective tissue pathology ... When doctors diagnose connective tissue dysplasia, the most unexpected treatment may be needed!

DST as a disease

And only a specialist in DST, seeing a dysplastic (a thin man with long arms, stooped and wearing glasses), can immediately ask if his grandmother had varicose veins and how long ago a kidney prolapse was discovered. They look at such a doctor as a "shaman" or.

Connective tissue dysplasia

Connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) is a systemic disease in which there is an abnormal development of connective tissue in the body, which leads to various disorders in the body. Connective tissue is found in tendons, cartilage, ligaments, muscles, skin, and blood vessels. Violation of its development begins during embryonic development, i.e. before birth, but the symptoms of the disease appear in children and adolescents, and not in infancy. With age, the symptoms become more pronounced. CTD is caused by mutations in the genes responsible for the production of collagen or other proteins. In rare cases, the cause of dysplasia can be a severe pregnancy and illness of a pregnant woman.

Symptoms of connective tissue dysplasia

Since connective tissue is present in many organs of the human body, the symptoms can be varied and numerous. Also, symptoms.

This article discusses the prospects for the use of dosed physical activity of moderate intensity in order to correct immunity.

The problem of connective tissue dysplasia has recently attracted great interest among doctors of various profiles, due to the increase in the number of patients with this pathology. The frequency of occurrence of connective tissue dysplasia syndrome (CTD) is quite high - from 26% to 80% of individuals, depending on the study group. So, according to the literature data, CTD is based on molecular pathology, which leads to a change in the structure and function of the connective tissue, which is realized by heterogeneous phenotypic and visceral manifestations.

Connective tissue is a complex system that performs various functions, including being involved in maintaining homeostasis. There is a close relationship between the state of the immune system and CTD syndrome. According to T.I. Kadurina, V.N. Gorbunova (2009) for this syndrome.

Connective tissue dysplasia is a violation of its development that occurs through mutations in genes. Normally, connective tissue is found in all parts of the body and forms the basis of organs, tissues, and muscles. It is loose or dense, and consists of intercellular substance, cells and fibers.

Thanks to the substances collagen and elastin, the connective tissue is elastic, strong, it can withstand heavy loads and protect the joints from injury. But with a mutation of the gene responsible for the production of collagen and elastin, the formation of connective tissue occurs incorrectly, it loses elasticity and cannot cope with its work.

The connective tissue allows the entire musculoskeletal system to function normally, and if it is underdeveloped, then under the most common loads, the joints and skeleton are deformed, causing pain to the child and making him disabled. It is important to note that the disease does not manifest itself immediately and violations may not be noticeable for a long time.

Probably, many have read a short story by D. Grigorovich "The Gutta-Percha Boy" or watched the film of the same name. The tragic story of a little circus performer, described in the work, not only reflected the trends of those times. The writer, perhaps without realizing it, gave a literary description of the painful complex studied by domestic scientists, including T.I. Kadurina.

Not all readers thought about the origin of these unusual qualities in the young hero and people like him.

Nevertheless, the combination of symptoms, the leading of which is hyperflexibility, reflects the inferiority of the connective tissue.

Where does the amazing talent come from and at the same time the problem associated with the development and formation of the child. Unfortunately, not everything is so clear and simple.

What is dysplasia?

The concept itself is translated from Latin as “developmental disorder”. Here we are talking about a violation of the development of the structural components of the connective tissue, leading.

Congenital underdevelopment of the connective tissues of the hip joints can significantly complicate the life of the baby. However, if all the recommendations of doctors are followed correctly, complications can be avoided. It is very important to correctly perform a special exercise therapy complex for hip dysplasia in children. Exercise will help support muscles that can be weakened significantly when treated with position.

Early detection of such an ailment is the key to its successful treatment in the shortest possible time. But, the applied treatment by the position is not able to bring all the possible benefits if it is not used in combination. With hip dysplasia in newborns, gymnastics is also a mandatory medical appointment.

Medical appointments

No matter how frightening the diagnosis may sound, but if there is an underdevelopment of connective tissues, then it is necessary to create the most favorable conditions for them to return to normal. Fixing the limbs in a physiological position does not allow an unstable joint.

Connective tissue dysplasia in children is a set of congenital syndromes in which, due to a violation in the formation of collagen fibers, the properties of the connective tissue of the body change. Some of the diseases associated with impaired development and formation of such tissue in the human body were discovered independently of each other and have a hereditary nature. Such pathologies are combined into two large groups:

Hereditary genetic syndromes - Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos, etc., which are considered to be differentiated dysplasias. Diseases whose symptoms do not fit into the typical clinical picture of hereditary diseases, but are associated with connective tissue pathology - undifferentiated dysplasia.

Such a difference between these diseases is primarily due to the history of their first description and the severity of the characteristic symptoms. Hereditary pathologies of the connective tissue were discovered and described in children and adults as early as the end of the 19th century. Due to the fact that changes in

Memo for children with connective tissue dysplasia and their parents

Shown:

Foods enriched with proteins (meat, fish, squid, beans, nuts), glycosaminoglycans (in the absence of contraindications from the gastrointestinal tract 2-3 times a week - strong broths, jellied meat and fish dishes), vitamins ("C ”, “A”, “E”, “PP”, groups “B” - “B1”, “B2”, “B3”, “B6”), trace elements (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, zinc, selenium) ;

With excessively high growth from an early age, the constant intake of high-fat enpits of the Omega-3 class, which inhibit the secretion of somatotropin;

Daily (minutes) moderate physical training aimed at strengthening the muscles of the back, abdomen and limbs. Exercises are carried out in a non-contact static-dynamic mode, in the supine position;

Hydroprocedures, therapeutic swimming, which relieves the static load on the spine;

Physical education classes according to a weakened program (special groups, exercise therapy);

Restrictions (no more than 3 kg) in carrying weights, when lifting which use the legs as a lift, and not the back;

Psychological correction of patients and members of their families;

With prolapse of the heart valves, expansion of the aortic root - annually ECHOCG and ECG;

With the expansion of the aortic root of more than 4 cm - the use of selective p-blockers in the minimum effective dose individually selected under the control of the pulse and blood pressure;

Annual monitoring of the state of indicators of connective tissue metabolism and densitometry data. According to the indications - correction of the identified metabolic disorders;

Contraindicated:

Varieties of contact sports, weightlifting, isometric training, participation in sports competitions, heavy agricultural work, hiking for long distances, mental overload;

Professions associated with great physical and emotional stress, vibration, contact with chemicals, exposure to high

temperatures and radiation;

I scheme

multiplicity of reception - 1-2 times a day; duration - 1-2 months.

Note: indications for the use of this treatment regimen may be: a decrease in the patient's quality of life; clinical and instrumental manifestations of the pathology of the musculoskeletal system; signs of osteopenia or osteoporosis according to densitometry; increased resorption of bone collagen; decrease in the content of L-proline and L-lysine; ionized calcium in blood serum; macro- and microelements in blood serum and/or tissues (hair).

II scheme

1. One of the combined chondroprotectors (arthra, teraflex, KONDRO-nova, etc.) at an age dose. Take with meals; drink plentifully. Duration of admission - 2-4 months. According to indications - in combination with local chondroprotectors.

III scheme

1. Macro- and microelements (preparations of magnesium, calcium, selenium, zinc, copper, manganese, silicon, sulfur), selected individually, in age doses; the total duration of the course is 2 months.

The main indications for referral of patients with connective tissue dysplasia to complex rehabilitation treatment:

• scoliosis, kyphoscoliosis, instability of various parts of the spine, articular hypermobility syndrome, flat feet;
• osteochondropathy, osteochondrosis of the spine, arthrosis-arthritis, metabolic arthropathy;
• hereditary systemic diseases of the skeleton (spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta, etc.).

Exercises for the formation and consolidation of the skill of correct posture:

1. Starting position - standing; correct posture is ensured by touching the wall or gymnastic wall with the gluteal region, calves and heels.

Exercises to strengthen the "muscular corset":

3. Bend both legs, straighten forward, slowly lower.

Programs of rehabilitation therapy in children with connective tissue dysplasia.

Electrophoresis of drugs (trace elements, antispasmodics, painkillers);

Magnetotherapy (on a sore spot);

Chromotherapy (green matrix to improve trophism and relieve swelling, red - to stimulate);

Amplipulse stimulation or DDT stimulation of weakened muscle groups;

UST for osteochondropathy locally;

Ultraton therapy before massage.

According to "Connective tissue dysplasia",

Connective tissue dysplasia: symptoms, treatment, recommendations and contraindications

Connective tissue dysplasia is a disease that affects not only the musculoskeletal system, but also almost all internal organs. In this connection, this pathological condition is accompanied by various syndromes that masquerade as other more common diseases and can mislead even an experienced doctor.

The article reveals the concept of dysplasia, characteristic symptoms, diagnostic and treatment methods, useful recommendations for restoring and maintaining the body's capabilities. This information will be useful both for people suffering from diseases of the musculoskeletal system and for young parents in order to detect and prevent the development of this disease in their children in time.

Connective tissue dysplasia - description

What is connective tissue dysplasia? Faced with such a diagnosis, most people naturally become perplexed, since the majority of them have never heard of such a thing before.

Connective tissue dysplasia is a polymorphic and multisymptomatic disease that is hereditary and occurs against the background of impaired collagen synthesis, which affects almost all internal organs and the musculoskeletal system.

The concept itself is translated from Latin as “developmental disorder”. Here we are talking about a violation of the development of the structural components of the connective tissue, leading to multiple changes. First of all, to the symptoms of the musculoskeletal system, where the connective tissue elements are most widely represented.

The etiology of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) of the disease is based on a violation of the synthesis of collagen protein, which acts as a kind of skeleton or matrix for the formation of more highly organized elements. Synthesis of collagen is carried out in the basic connective tissue structures, with each subspecies producing its own type of collagen.

Connective tissue dysplasia, or congenital connective tissue deficiency, is a violation of the development of connective tissue in the embryonic period and in the postnatal period, which occurs due to genetic changes in the fibrillogenesis of the extracellular matrix. The consequence of DST is a disorder of homeostasis at the level of tissues, organs and the whole organism in the form of disorders of locomotor and visceral organs with a progredient course.

As you know, the connective tissue includes cells, fibers and intercellular substance. It can be dense or loose, distributed throughout the body: in the skin, bones, cartilage, vessel walls, blood, organ stroma. The most important role in the development of connective tissue is assigned to its fibers - collagen, which provides shape maintenance, and elastin, which provides contraction and relaxation.

CTD is a genetically predetermined process, that is, with underlying mutations in the genes that are responsible for fiber synthesis. These mutations can be very diverse, and their places of origin can be a variety of genes. All this leads to improper formation of collagen and elastin chains, as a result of which the structures formed by them are unable to withstand the proper mechanical loads.

Classification

Hereditary connective tissue diseases are divided into:

• Differentiated dysplasia (DD),
• Undifferentiated dysplasia (ND).

Differentiated dysplasia is characterized by a certain type of inheritance that has a pronounced clinical picture, and often also established and well-studied biochemical or gene defects. Diseases of this type of dysplasia are called collagenopathies, since they are hereditary diseases of collagen.

This group includes:

1. Marfan syndrome is the most common and widely known of this group. It is to him that the gutta-percha described in fiction corresponds (D. V. Grigorovich “Gutta-percha boy”).

Among other things, this syndrome is characterized by:

• Tall, long limbs, arachnodactyly, scoliosis.
• On the part of the organ of vision, retinal detachment, lens subluxation, blue sclera are noted, and the severity of all changes can vary over a wide range.

Girls and boys get sick equally often. Almost 100% of patients have functional and anatomical changes in the heart and they become patients in cardiology.

The most characteristic manifestation will be mitral valve prolapse, mitral regurgitation, expansion and aortic aneurysm with the possible formation of heart failure.

Undifferentiated dysplasia (ND) is diagnosed only when none of the signs of the disease refers to differentiated diseases. This is the most common connective tissue pathology. It can occur in both adults and children. The frequency of its detection in young people reaches 80%.

The total set of clinical manifestations of undifferentiated dysplasia does not fit into any of the described syndromes. External manifestations come to the fore, allowing one to suspect the existence of such problems. It looks like a set of signs of connective tissue damage, of which about 100 are described in the literature.

Signs of connective tissue dysplasia

Despite all the variety of signs of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia, they are united by the fact that the main mechanism of development will be a violation of collagen synthesis, followed by the formation of pathology of the musculoskeletal system, organs of vision, and heart muscle.

The following signs are considered the main ones:

• joint hypermobility;
• high skin elasticity;
• skeletal deformities;
• malocclusion;
• flat foot;
• vascular network.

Small signs include, for example, anomalies of the auricles, teeth, hernia, etc. There is usually no clear heredity, but osteochondrosis, flat feet, scoliosis, arthrosis, pathology of the organ of vision, etc. can be noted in the family history.

External signs are divided into:

Internal signs include dysplastic changes in the nervous system, visual analyzer, cardiovascular system, respiratory organs, and abdominal cavity.

It is noted that the syndrome of vegetative dystonia (VD) is one of the first to form and is an obligatory component of DST. Symptoms of autonomic dysfunction are observed already at an early age, and in adolescence are noted in 78% of cases of UCTD. The severity of autonomic dysregulation increases in parallel with the clinical manifestations of dysplasia.

In the formation of vegetative shifts in CTD, both genetic factors underlying the violation of biochemical processes in the connective tissue and the formation of abnormal connective tissue structures are important, which together changes the functional state of the hypothalamus and leads to autonomic imbalance.

Causes and factors

Currently, among the main causes of CTD, there are changes in the rate of synthesis and assembly of collagen and elastin, the synthesis of immature collagen, a violation of the structure of collagen and elastin fibers due to their insufficient cross-linking. This indicates that in CTD, connective tissue defects in their manifestations are very diverse.

These morphological disorders are based on hereditary or congenital mutations of genes that directly encode connective tissue structures, enzymes and their cofactors, as well as unfavorable environmental factors. In recent years, special attention has been drawn to the pathogenetic significance of diselementosis, in particular hypomagnesemia.

In other words, DST is a multi-level process, since it can manifest itself at the gene level, at the level of imbalance of enzymatic and protein metabolism, as well as at the level of disturbance of homeostasis of individual macro- and microelements.

A similar violation of tissue formation can occur both during pregnancy and after the birth of a child. To the immediate causes of the development of such changes in the fetus, scientists include a number of genetically determined mutations that affect the formation of fibrils of the extracellular matrix.

The most common mutagenic factors today include:

• bad habits;
• bad ecological situation;
• nutritional errors;
• toxicosis of pregnant women;
• intoxication;
• stress;
• magnesium deficiency and more.

Clinical picture

Dysplastic changes in the connective tissues of the body are very similar in their symptoms to various pathologies, therefore, in practice, doctors of various specializations have to deal with them: pediatricians, gastroenterologists, orthopedists, ophthalmologists, rheumatologists, pulmonologists, and the like.

Patients diagnosed with Connective Tissue Dysplasia can be identified instantly. These are two types of people: the first is tall, thin, round-shouldered, with protruding shoulder blades and collarbones, and the second is small, thin, fragile.

It is very difficult to make a diagnosis based on the words of the patient, since patients present a lot of complaints:

• general weakness;
• stomach ache;
• headache;
• bloating;
• constipation;
• arterial hypotension;
• problems with the respiratory system: frequent pneumonia or chronic bronchitis;
• muscle hypotension;
• loss of appetite;
• poor exercise tolerance, and many others.

Symptoms indicating the presence of this type of dysplasia:

• deficiency of body weight (asthenic physique);
• pathology of the spine: "straight back", scoliosis, hyperlordosis, hyperkyphosis;
• chest deformities;
• dolichostenomelia - proportional changes in the body: elongated limbs, feet or hands;
• joint hypermobility: the ability to bend the little finger 90 degrees, re-extension both elbow or knee joints, and so on;
• deformity of the lower extremities: valgus;
• changes in the soft tissues and skin: "thin", "flaccid" or "hyperextensible" skin, when the vascular network is visible, the skin is painlessly pulled back in the forehead, back of the hand, or under the collarbones, or when the skin is on the auricles or the tip of the nose formed into a fold;
• flat feet: longitudinal or transverse;
• slower jaw growth (upper and lower);
• eye changes: retinal angiopathy, myopia, blue sclera;
• vascular changes: early varicose veins, increased fragility and permeability.

The set of symptoms, the leading of which is hyperflexibility, reflects the inferiority of the connective tissue.

Connective tissue dysplasia, the symptoms in children of which practically do not differ from the clinical manifestations in adults, is a polymorphic disease and is characterized by a variety of manifestations, namely:

• disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system (vegetative-vascular dystonia, speech impairment, migraine, enuresis, excessive sweating);
• cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunction (mitral valve prolapse, aneurysms, hypoplasia of the aorta and pulmonary trunk, arrhythmia, arterial hypotension, blockade, cardialgia, sudden death syndrome, acute cardiovascular or pulmonary insufficiency);
• pathologies of the musculoskeletal system (scoliosis, kyphosis, flat feet, chest and limb deformities, joint hypermobility, degenerative and destructive pathological conditions in the joints, habitual dislocations, frequent bone fractures);
• the development of diseases of the urogenital area (nephroptosis, anomalies in the development of the kidneys, insufficiency of the sphincter of the bladder, miscarriages, amenorrhea, metrorrhagia, cryptorchidism);
• external abnormal manifestations (low body weight, high growth with disproportionate limbs, lethargy and pallor of the skin, age spots, striae, protruding ears, asymmetry of the auricles, hemangiomas, low hair growth on the forehead and neck);
• ophthalmic disorders (myopia, pathology of the retinal vessels, its detachment, astigmatism, various forms of strabismus, subluxation of the lens);
• neurotic disorders (panic attacks, depression, anorexia);
• dysfunction of the digestive tract (tendency to constipation, flatulence, loss of appetite);
• various ENT diseases (tonsillitis, bronchitis).

All of the listed signs of connective tissue dysplasia can occur both in a complex and in separate groups. The degree of their manifestation depends solely on the individual characteristics of the organism and the type of gene mutation, which led to violations of the synthesis of collagen compounds.

How does connective tissue dysplasia manifest itself in childhood

Probably, one of the most severe symptoms of connective tissue dysplasia in children are pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system. As you know, the spine and large joints are among the most important organs of the human body, which are responsible for such functions as mobility and sensitivity, so their defeat has very unpleasant consequences.

Connective tissue dysplasia in children can manifest itself both in the form of excessive flexibility and mobility (hypermobility), and in the form of insufficient mobility of the joints (contracture), underdevelopment (dwarfism) and fragility of the bones, weakness of the ligaments, various forms of scoliosis, flat feet, deformities of the chest and others

Dysplasia is also observed in other organs, such as the heart, organs of vision, blood vessels. Manifestations of dysplasia in the spine are characterized by displacement of the vertebrae relative to each other, with any movement causing compression of the blood vessels, infringement of the roots and the appearance of pain, dizziness.

The syndrome of connective tissue dysplasia in children on the part of the musculoskeletal sphere is manifested by deviations from the norms in the development of the spinal column and disturbances in the processes of formation of the connective tissue of the joints, which leads to their hypermobility and weakening. Articular dysplasia in children is diagnosed in most cases immediately after birth.

Depending on the localization of the pathological process, it is customary to distinguish the following forms of this disease:

• shoulder joint dysplasia;
• dysplasia of the elbow joint;
• hip dysplasia (the most common type);
• dysplasia of the knee joint in children;
• ankle dysplasia in children.

The clinical picture of each specific type of joint dysplasia depends on a number of factors:

• localization of the pathological process;
• the presence of a hereditary predisposition;
• birth trauma and more.

Congenital connective tissue dysplasia of the hip joint can be manifested by shortening of one of the baby's legs, asymmetry of the gluteal folds, and the inability to spread the legs bent at the knees to the sides.

With dysplasia of the knee joint, there is pain in the knee area during movement, as well as deformation of the patella. In children with dysplastic disorders in the shoulder area, there are subluxations in the joint of the same name, pain during hand movements, changes in the shape of the scapula.

The pathological process in the bones of the spinal column in children has the same symptoms as connective tissue dysplasia in adults. Violations in the cervical region are accompanied by headaches and problems with sensitivity, as well as motor function of the upper limbs. Dysplasia of the cervical spine in children in most cases causes the formation of a hump.

Dysplasia of the lumbosacral spine in children occurs for the same reasons as any other type of this disease. The pathological process is accompanied by the development of deformities of the spinal trunk, gait disturbances, and sometimes even complete immobilization of the lower extremities. Often, with dysplasia of the lumbosacral region, there are problems with the genitourinary system, diseases of the kidneys and pelvic organs.

The features of CTD include the absence or weak severity of phenotypic signs of dysplasia at birth, even in cases of differentiated forms. In children with a genetically determined condition, markers of dysplasia appear gradually throughout life.

Over the years, especially under unfavorable conditions (environmental conditions, nutrition, frequent intercurrent diseases, stress), the number of dysplastic signs and their severity increase progressively, because. initial changes in homeostasis are exacerbated by these environmental factors.

Unfortunately, no one is immune from connective tissue dysplasia. It can occur even in a child whose parents are completely healthy. That is why it is important to know the elementary manifestations of the disease, which would make it possible to suspect the development of pathology in time and prevent its serious consequences.

To push the idea that the child has connective tissue dysplasia should be the fact that during the first few months of his life, diseases of several systems were diagnosed at once. If the baby's outpatient card is replete with a variety of diagnoses that at first glance are not related to each other, this is already a reason to turn to genetics.

Periodic regular examinations by highly qualified specialists will also help to suggest the presence of pathological changes in a child, which will help determine disorders of the musculoskeletal system, circulatory system, eyes, muscles, and much more.

Severe toxicosis in the mother, chronic intoxication of the pregnant woman, past viral diseases, and complicated childbirth can lead to the development of DST in a child.

Diagnosis of pathology

Accurate diagnosis requires careful examination and collection of analysis, especially information about hereditary diseases.

The manifestations of dysplasia syndrome are so diverse that it can be very difficult to establish a timely and correct diagnosis. To do this, it is necessary to conduct a number of laboratory diagnostic studies, ultrasound echography (ultrasound), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), conduct a study of the electrical activity of muscles (electromyography), X-ray examination of bones, etc.

Diagnosis of connective tissue dysplasia is a long, painstaking and always complex process. If a disease is suspected, first of all, doctors prescribe a genetic examination for mutations, as well as a clinical and genealogical study of the patient's body.

Diagnostics involves an integrated approach using clinical and genealogical methods, preparing a patient's medical history, conducting a clinical examination of the patient himself and his family members, and, in addition, using molecular genetic and biochemical diagnostic methods.

Diagnosis of DST includes:

• collection of anamnesis;
• general examination of the patient;
• measuring the length of the body and its individual segments;
• assessment of joint mobility;
• diagnosis of connective tissue dysplasia by blood;
• determination of glycosaminoglycans and hydroxyproline in the daily portion of urine;
• X-ray of the spine and joints;
• Ultrasound of internal organs.

Using the biochemical method, it is possible to determine the concentration of hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycans contained in the urine, which are a fairly objective criterion for connective tissue dysplasia, but this method is rarely used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Modern medicine uses many different methods of treating dysplasia syndrome, depending on its manifestations, but all of them, as a rule, come down to symptomatic medical or surgical treatment. The most difficult to treat is undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia, due to ambiguous clinical symptoms and the lack of clear diagnostic criteria.

Drug treatment includes the use of magnesium preparations, cardiotrophic, antiarrhythmic, vegetotropic, nootropic, vasoactive drugs, beta-blockers.

Drug treatment is substitutional in nature. The purpose of the use of drugs in this situation is to stimulate the synthesis of your own collagen. For this, glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are used. To improve the absorption of phosphorus and calcium, which is necessary for bones and joints, active forms of vitamin D are prescribed.

Treatment requires an integrated approach, including:

1. Drug methods based on the use of drugs that stimulate collagen formation. These drugs include: ascorbic acid, chondroitin sulfate (a drug of mucopolysaccharide nature), vitamins and trace elements.
2. Non-drug methods, which include the help of a psychologist, individualization of the daily regimen, exercise therapy, massage, physiotherapy, acupuncture, balneotherapy, and diet therapy.

The main attention in the treatment of dysplasia syndrome with kinesitherapy is given to strengthening, maintaining muscle tone and balance of the musculoskeletal system, preventing the development of irreversible changes, restoring the normal function of internal organs and the musculoskeletal system, and improving the quality of life.

Treatment of connective tissue dysplasia in children is carried out, as a rule, by a conservative method. With the help of B vitamins and ascorbic acid, collagen synthesis can be stimulated, which will slow down the development of the disease. Doctors also recommend taking magnesium and copper preparations for young patients, drugs that stimulate the metabolism of minerals and normalize blood levels of essential amino acids.

Day regimen: night sleep should be at least 8-9 hours, some children are also shown daytime sleep. You need to do morning exercises every day.

If there are no restrictions on playing sports, then you need to do it all your life, but in no case professional sports! In children with hypermobility of the joints involved in professional sports, degenerative-dystrophic changes in cartilage and ligaments develop very early. This is due to constant traumatization, microoutflows, which lead to chronic aseptic inflammation and dystrophic processes.

A good effect is given by therapeutic swimming, skiing, cycling, walking up hills and stairs, badminton, wushu gymnastics. Effective dosed walking. Regular exercise increases the adaptive capacity of the body.

Therapeutic massage is an important component of the rehabilitation of children with CTD. Massage of the back and neck-collar zone, as well as limbs (course sessions) is carried out.

In the presence of a flat-valgus installation of the feet, the wearing of arch support is shown. If a child complains of pain in the joints, pay attention to the selection of rational shoes. In young children, proper shoes should tightly fix the foot and ankle joint with Velcro, should have a minimum number of internal seams, and be made from natural materials. The back should be high, hard, heel - 1-1.5 cm.

It is advisable to do daily gymnastics for the feet, do foot baths with sea salt, do massage of the feet and legs.

Surgical treatment is indicated for patients with pronounced symptoms of dysplasia, which by their presence threaten the life of the patient: prolapse of the heart valves, severe forms of chest deformity, vertebral hernia.

Therapy of DST with magnesium-containing drugs

At present, the effect of magnesium deficiency on the structure of connective and bone tissue, in particular, on collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, collagen fibers, as well as on the mineralization of the bone matrix, has been proven. The impact of magnesium deficiency on the connective tissue leads to a slowdown in the synthesis of all structural components, an increase in their degradation, which significantly worsens the mechanical characteristics of the tissue.

Magnesium deficiency for several weeks can lead to the pathology of the cardiovascular system, expressed as:

• angiospasm, arterial hypertension, myocardial dystrophy, tachycardia, arrhythmia, an increase in the QT interval;
• a tendency to thrombosis, to neuropsychiatric disorders, manifested in the form of decreased attention, depression, fears, anxiety, autonomic dysfunction, dizziness, migraine, sleep disturbances, paresthesia, muscle cramps.

Visceral manifestations of deficiency include bronchospasm, laryngospasm, hyperkinetic diarrhea, spastic constipation, pylorospasm, nausea, vomiting, biliary dyskinesia, diffuse abdominal pain.

Chronic magnesium deficiency for several months or more, along with the above symptoms, is accompanied by a pronounced decrease in muscle tone, severe asthenia, connective tissue dysplasia and osteopenia. Due to its many clinical effects, magnesium is widely used as a drug for various diseases.

The role of calcium and magnesium as the main elements involved in the formation of one of the types of connective tissue - bone tissue is well known. It has been proven that magnesium significantly improves the quality of bone tissue, because. its content in the skeleton is 59% of the total content in the body.

It is known that magnesium directly affects the mineralization of the organic bone matrix, collagen formation, the functional state of bone cells, vitamin D metabolism, as well as the growth of hydroxyapatite crystals. In general, the strength and quality of connective tissue structures largely depend on the presence of a balance between calcium and magnesium.

With magnesium deficiency and normal or elevated calcium levels, the activity of proteolytic enzymes - metalloproteinases - enzymes that cause remodeling (degradation) of collagen fibers increases, regardless of the causes that caused abnormalities in the structure of the connective tissue, which leads to excessive degradation of the connective tissue, which results in severe clinical manifestations of UCTD.

Magnesium regulates the body's use of calcium. Insufficient intake of magnesium in the body leads to the deposition of calcium not only in the bones, but also in soft tissues and various organs. Excess consumption of food rich in magnesium interferes with the absorption of calcium and causes increased excretion. The ratio of magnesium and calcium is the main proportion of the body, and this must be taken into account in the patient's recommendations for rational nutrition.

The amount of magnesium in the diet should be 1/3 of the calcium content (on average, 350-400 mg of magnesium per 1000 mg of calcium).

The conducted studies of calcium homeostasis are an argument confirming the effect of calcium deficiency on the formation of microelementosis, and dictate the need for calcium supplementation in balance with magnesium in patients with UCTD. Restoration of disturbed elemental homeostasis is achieved by rational nutrition, dosed physical activity, which improves the absorption of macro- and microelements, as well as the use of magnesium, calcium, microelements and vitamins.

Currently, UCTD therapy with magnesium-containing drugs is pathogenetically substantiated. Replenishment of magnesium deficiency in the body leads to a decrease in the activity of the above metalloproteinase enzymes and, accordingly, to a decrease in degradation and an acceleration of the synthesis of new collagen molecules. The results of magnesium therapy in children with UCTD (mainly with mitral valve prolapse, with arrhythmic syndrome on the background of autonomic dysfunction) showed their high efficiency.

In pediatric practice, various magnesium-containing preparations are widely used, differing in their chemical structure, the level of magnesium content and methods of administration. The possibility of prescribing inorganic magnesium salts for long-term oral therapy is limited due to the extremely low absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and the ability to cause diarrhea.

In this regard, preference is given to an organic magnesium salt (compound of magnesium with orotic acid), which is well adsorbed in the intestine. If it is necessary to prescribe cardiotrophic, antihypertensive and vegetotropic drugs, magnesium preparations should be recommended as a component of combination therapy.

Thus, the reduction of one of the clinical manifestations of UCTD, vegetative dysfunction, against the background of magnesium therapy is one of the facts confirming the importance of diselementosis in the development of CTD. The results of the study of elemental homeostasis indicate the need for its correction using magnesium, calcium, trace elements as a pathogenetic therapy that can prevent the progression of UCTD in children and adolescents.

Treatment with diet therapy

The basic principle of treatment of connective tissue dysplasia is diet therapy. Nutrition should be complete in proteins, fats, carbohydrates. Recommended food rich in protein (meat, fish, beans, nuts). Also in the diet you need cottage cheese and cheese. Also, products should contain a large amount of trace elements and vitamins.

Patients with CTD are recommended a special diet enriched with fish, meat, legumes and seafood. Not superfluous in addition to the main diet will also be dietary supplements, which include polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Patients are recommended a diet rich in proteins, essential amino acids, vitamins and trace elements. Children who do not have a pathology of the gastrointestinal tract should try to enrich the diet with natural chondroitin sulfate. These are strong meat and fish broths, jelly, aspic, jelly.

You need food that contains a large amount of natural antioxidants, such as vitamin C and E. This should include citrus fruits, sweet peppers, black currants, spinach, sea buckthorn, chokeberry. Additionally, products rich in macro- and microelements are prescribed. In extreme cases, they can be replaced with trace elements.

1. Foods rich in proteins (fish and seafood, meat, nuts, beans), glycosaminoglycans (strong fish or meat broths), vitamins (A, C, E, B1, B2, B3, B6, PP), trace elements (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, selenium, zinc, copper).
2. Children of excessively tall growth - high-fat enpits of the Omega-3, 2 class. Children of excessively tall growth - high-fat enpits of the Omega-3 class, which inhibit the secretion of somatotropin.

Indications and contraindications

A rational daily regimen, proper nutrition, reasonable physical activity and constant monitoring can quickly get rid of the problems associated with DST. Dysplasia is hereditary, and a healthy lifestyle is beneficial to all family members.

The treatment of patients with CTD is a difficult but rewarding task, which is achieved with the correct observance of all indications and contraindications.

• Daily moderate physical training (20-30 minutes) in the form of exercises in the supine position, aimed at strengthening the muscle tissue of the back, limbs and abdomen.
• Aerobic training of the cardiovascular system (hiking, jogging, cycling, dosed exercises on simulators, playing tennis (table) and so on).
• Therapeutic swimming, relieving stress on the spine.
• Therapeutic gymnastics.
• With the expansion of the aortic root and prolapse of the heart valves - an annual ECG and echocardiography.
• Restrictions on carrying weights (no more than three kilograms).
• Medical genetic counseling before marriage.

• Any kind of contact sports, isometric training, weightlifting, heavy agricultural work, mental overload.
• With hypermobility of the joints - hanging, stretch marks, excessive stretching of the spine.
• Professions associated with vibration, heavy loads (physical and emotional), radiation and exposure to high temperatures.
• Living in areas with a hot climate and high radiation.