How to draw an oval with a compass drawing. How to draw a circle in perspective, draw an ellipse. And in conclusion

The question is important not only for beginners, but sometimes for experienced artists. By understanding how to correctly draw a circle in perspective, we can draw a huge number of objects, not just pots and plates.
In general, a brief summary: usually we rarely see round objects frontally. For example, a plate like this

We see much less than this.

Therefore, we need to understand how to correctly depict a plate in a perspective horizontal plane. There is a simple scheme for this.

Most important on the left. We see ovals and a horizon line, with respect to which we usually draw all objects. At the level of the horizon line, the oval either turns into a line, or is very narrow. The higher or lower, the rounder the oval becomes, all the lines that are closer to us according to the law of perspective will be thicker, everything that is further away will be thinner. If the oval is far below the level of vision, it may become almost round. You can see this very clearly by taking a roll of tape, your ideal nature for practicing this skill. We raise the skein to eye level - ideally, we will see a rectangle, raise it higher and lower and immediately see clearly all the changes.
In the vertical plane, the story is exactly the same, only the diagram must be turned 90 degrees.

Thus, all plates and pots become subject to us, we look at the previous picture of the plate, taking into account new knowledge.

You can draw another oval to show the thickness of the plate, the final result depends on your powers of observation. The skill of drawing ovals trains very well in detailed drawing of simple objects, the same roll of adhesive tape, for example, is great at first.

There is another common mistake when drawing ovals. Many draw two arcs instead of an oval. This should not be allowed, even if your oval is very narrow, always draw fillets in the corners.

Over time, you will be great at finding perspective in almost any object.

Well, after the circles get bored, you can try to draw squares - the principle is the same. There is indeed a nuance with the vanishing point, but more on that another time.

I hope you will not have any more problems with the circle in perspective and your drawings will be correct and accurate. In addition to this post, you can also see

The two-dimensional circles in the previous pictures can be represented as coins, records, pancakes, lenses, etc. But circles are also components of three-dimensional objects such as cylinders and cones, and are also widely used in the visual arts. Cylinders are the basis for an infinite number of things like cigarettes, tanks, spools of thread, pipes, and so on. Cones are the bases for ice cream cones, hourglasses, martini glasses, funnels, etc.

An ellipse is an oval with two unequal axes (major and minor), which always form a right angle between them. The axes divide the ellipse into short and long arcs respectively, both arcs being perfectly symmetrical.

You need to learn how to draw ellipses freehand. Ellipses A and B are drawing attempts. Anyone familiar with ellipses can visually evaluate the major and minor axes and see that ellipse A is correct and ellipse B is not symmetrical enough. (If we draw two axes for B, we can see the errors more clearly. Notice how each sector is different.)

It may be useful for you to draw a rectangle according to the labels. This will create four more guides for evaluating and comparing the shape of the ellipse.

So, in order to learn how to draw (and represent) ellipses well, you first need to sketch out the axes. Mark with strokes equal segments on both sides of the center to define the edges.
Now let's try to draw four equal sectors. We always round the ends, do not make them sharp.

The center of a circle drawn in perspective does not coincide with the main axis of the ellipse - it is always farther (to the observer) than the main axis.

This surprising fact is often the cause of many difficulties. What is the relationship between the center of the circle and the axes of the ellipse?

A regular circle can always be described by a regular square. The center of the square (find by drawing two diagonals) coincides with the center of the circle.

A circle in perspective can also be described by a perspective square. Drawing diagonals will define the center of both the square and the circle. We know from previous lessons that this point is not equidistant from the bottom and top lines. So, we draw the diameter of the circle through this central point - it is also not equidistant from the bottom and top.
We also know that the main axis of the ellipse must be equidistant from the top and bottom lines.
Now, by combining the two drawings, we see that the diameter of the circle is slightly higher than the main axis of the ellipse. Note also that the minor axis coincides in most cases with the perspective diameter of the circle.

The view from above explains this seeming paradox. The widest part of the circle (projected onto the plane of the drawing) is not a diameter, but a simple chord (shown with strokes). This chord will become the main axis of the ellipse, while the true diameter of the circle, lying further away, looks smaller.

So, don't make the mistake of drawing a square in perspective and using its center as the location of the major axis of the ellipse. As a result, the figure will look like this

Also, if you want to draw half a circle (or a cylinder) you can't draw an ellipse and consider either side of the main axis as half a circle in perspective. (The figure on the left is not half, although it seems equal)
But on the right, the correct halves, because the diameter of the circle is used as a dividing line.

Text Education for all:

Many people think that the oval and ellipse are the same figure. They are completely wrong - although outwardly both figures have great similarities, geometrically they are completely different figures. A simple oval can be easily drawn with just one compass and here is the correct one ellipse requires not only compass, but also certain knowledge of the construction of this figure.

You will need

• compasses, ruler, pencil, strong thread and 3 pins.

Instruction

First way. Take a ruler and a pencil. Draw two straight lines perpendicular to each other.

Take a compass and placing it at the point of intersection of the lines, draw a small circle. This will be the width ellipse or in other words, the width of the minor axis. Draw, without removing the compass from the point of intersection of perpendicular lines, a large circle. The diameter of this circle will be equal to the length ellipse a, that is, the larger axis.

Divide a large circle into twelve equal parts. Connect them using straight lines that pass through the center of the division point and are located opposite each other. Accordingly, dividing a large circle, by itself, you should be divided into 12 parts and a smaller one.

Find the highest point in the circle and put the number 1 near it. Number all points clockwise from one. Draw from all division points of the larger circle (except 1, 4, 7, 10) vertical lines down.

Draw horizontal lines from the corresponding points that are on the small circle so that they eventually intersect with the vertical ones. So, for example, a vertical line from point 2 of the larger circle will intersect with a horizontal line at number 2 of the small circle. Connect all points of intersection of horizontal and vertical lines, including points 1, 4, 7, 10 of the drawn small circle, using a smooth curve. Erase unnecessary lines. Ellipse is built.

The second way. Prepare a compass, ruler, pencil, strong linen thread and 3 pins. Draw a simple rectangle with a ruler and pencil. In this case, the length and width of the rectangle must be equal to the height and width ellipse A.

Divide the rectangle into four equal parts using two intersecting lines. Take a compass and draw a circle that will intersect the long middle line. In order to draw such a circle, it is necessary to install a compass, or rather its rod, in the center of one of the sides of its rectangle. The radius of the circle will then be given by the length of the lateral side of the rectangle and will be divided in half accordingly.

"Not any fish and sausages! We must draw the correct ovals!"

This is exactly what my teacher, Sergei Ivanovich Poluychik, said when he looked at our first still lifes. Thanks to this phrase, I immediately remembered how regular ovals should look when building cylindrical shapes.

So, we get acquainted with fish, sausages, and regular ovals.

FISH- Irregular oval with sharp corners.

An oval is a circle that lies on a plane, so no matter which side we look from, it cannot have sharp corners.

SAUSAGE- incorrectly drawn oval with parallel sides.

Once again, to remember: an oval is a circle on a plane, a circle has no parallel sides.

CORRECT OVAL without sharp corners and parallel sides.

Observing the rules of perspective, the far part of the oval is drawn smaller (red line), the one closest to the viewer is larger (blue line in the figure).

Almost all cylindrical and conical shapes (jugs, jars, vases, bottles, mugs, etc.) are drawn in the same way. Here, using the example of this jug, we will analyze step by step this scheme for drawing cylindrical bodies. The whole construction is done with light, barely noticeable lines, so that you don’t have to erase it with an elastic band, since the top layer of paper deteriorates when erasing. Both the paint in painting and the strokes in the drawing lie unevenly on the paper after erasing.

We determine the place of the object on the sheet. We draw a central center line to build a jug.

Determine the location of the center lines for constructing ovals. That is, using the sighting method, we specify the proportions and sizes between the centers of the ovals near the jug. Let's draw these lines.

With the help of sighting, we determine the size of the ovals. Set aside this size with a pencil, mark the same segments from the point of intersection of the center lines. Set aside the points of the width of the ovals. When noting these dimensions, we do not forget about the rules of perspective: the side of the oval that is farther from us will be a little smaller, which means that the one that is closer to us is larger. In the same way, we remember that the lower the eye level is the oval, the more he wants to become a circle.

Finally, we draw the ovals of our cylindrical object.

We connect the extreme points of the ovals and our jug ​​is almost ready. It remains to finish the handle and nose. When drawing a handle and a spout, we try to remember that usually they are opposite each other, that is, on the same line.

HOW TO DRAW OVALS DEPENDING ON THE ARTIST'S EYE LEVEL This is how the construction of the jug will look like if we put it higher than the one whose construction we analyzed.

This is how the construction of the jug will look like if the upper edge of the jug is at eye level, so we depict it as a line. But the bottom of the jug is below eye level, therefore, in order to see the bottom line, we build an oval for the bottom. draw a pitcher above eye level

This is how the construction of the jug will look like if its middle coincides with the line of the eyes. The upper part of the jug will be above the line of the eyes - draw an oval, which will have the upper line closer to us. The bottom of the jug turns out to be slightly below eye level, so we build a regular oval. But! If the jug (vase) is far from the viewer (artist), then both the upper edge and the bottom line will be drawn in a simple straight line, as if they were at eye level. Beginning artists very often make mistakes when building ovals, which spoils the impression of the whole picture as a whole.

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