"Blood. Circulatory system. Teachers' Universities A substance produced by leukocytes against a foreign protein

Lesson Objectives:

Educational: to generalize and systematize students' knowledge about the composition and functions of blood, the structure of the circulatory system and the importance of immunity.

Developing: to develop the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in practice in the provision of first aid for all types of bleeding;

Educational: to promote a healthy lifestyle; note the negative impact of nicotine, alcohol and drugs on the work of the circulatory system.

Equipment: plates with team numbers, emblems of competitions for all participants, statements for the jury; paper for terminological dictation; cards with digital information; cards with texts of tasks; cotton wool, bandages, tourniquet, handkerchief for first aid.

The class is divided into 4 teams, each of which comes up with a name for itself in advance. At the beginning of the lesson, students choose colored chips (each color gives the opportunity to participate in one of the competitions). Competitions are judged by a jury.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

The teacher communicates the goals and objectives of the lesson, announces the conditions for the game, and represents the jury. Students choose colored chips and take places at the gaming tables.

II. Checking students' knowledge. (It is carried out in the form of games-competitions - see lesson appendices.)

III. Summing up the lesson.

1. Grading for the terminology competition ( see the Appendix to the lesson competition “Terms”).

2. Estimates for participation in competitions.

3. General results and conclusions.

Conditions: the teacher reads the definitions, all students in the field write down the terms in order. After the end of the dictation, one participant from each team (having a yellow chip) goes to the jury table, where their work is checked (the teacher reads the definitions, and the contestants name the terms). The jury corrects mistakes and marks the participants of the competition, who now, having a standard answer, check the work of their team for 10 minutes.

1. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart. ( arteries)
2. Path of blood from the right ventricle to the left atrium. ( Small circle of blood circulation)
3. Vibrations in the walls of blood vessels caused by changes in blood pressure in the vessels in the rhythm of the contraction of the heart. ( Pulse)
4. Blood group of the universal donor. ( 1 or 00)
5. The liquid part of the blood. (Plasma)
6. A substance found in erythrocytes. ( Hemoglobin)
7. Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart. ( Vienna)
8. Preparation of killed or weakened microorganisms. ( Vaccine)
9. White blood cells. ( Leukocytes)
10. The body's ability to defend itself against infection. ( Immunity)
11. A person who donates part of his or her blood for a transfusion. ( Donor)
12. A substance produced by white blood cells in response to a foreign protein or organism. ( Antibody)
13. Blood saturated with oxygen. ( Arterial)
14. The movement of blood through the blood vessels. ( Circulation)
15. The largest vessel ( Aorta)
16. Red blood cells. ( red blood cells)
17. The process of devouring foreign bodies by leukocytes. ( Phagocytosis).
18. Blood saturated with carbon dioxide. ( Venous)
19. Hereditary disease, expressed in a tendency to bleed as a result of non-clotting. ( Hemophilia)
20. Path of blood from the left ventricle to the right atrium. ( Systemic circulation)

Conditions: players with a blue chip participate in the competition. Points will be collected by those players who remember faster than others what the following numbers and numbers mean.

1. 90% (the amount of water in the blood).
2. 300 g (weight of the heart).
3. 60-80 times / min (number of heartbeats).
4. 120 days (erythrocyte lifespan).
5. 0.9% (the amount of NaCl in the blood).
6. 0.8 s (cardiac cycle duration).
7. 5 million/mm 3 (number of erythrocytes).
8. 0.5-1 mm/s (blood flow velocity in capillaries).
9. 120/80 mmHg Art. (normal blood pressure).
10. 2.5 cm (diameter of the aorta).
11. 30-50 cm/s (velocity of blood flow in the aorta).
12. 6-9 thousand / mm 3 (number of leukocytes).

Conditions: teams receive texts (by lottery) in which errors were made. Within 1-2 minutes, work is carried out in groups to identify errors, then the player who has red chip, reads the text and comments on the errors.

Texts for the contest “Find the mistake”

1. Leukocytes.

Leukocytes are white blood cells. They smaller(larger than) erythrocytes, have filiform(amoeboid) body and well-defined nucleus. In 1 mm 3 of their blood from 9 to 15 thousand. (6-9 thousand). Like erythrocytes, leukocytes not capable move independently (able to move actively). Leukocytes devour bacteria that have entered the body. This way of eating is called pinocytosis(phagocytosis). In addition, a special group of leukocytes produces immune bodies - special cells(substances) capable of neutralizing any(specific) infection. He studied the protective properties of blood I.P. Pavlov(I.I. Mechnikov).

2. Red blood cells.

Erythrocytes are red blood cells. They are very small. In 1 mm 3 of them 10 million. (5 million). mature erythrocytes have small nuclei(do not have nuclei). These are cells globular(biconcave cake) forms that are not capable of independent movement. Inside the cells is hemoglobin - a combination of protein and copper(gland). Erythrocytes originate in spleen(in the red bone marrow), but are destroyed in red bone marrow(spleen). The main function of erythrocytes is the transport of nutrients substances(gases). A disease associated with a decrease in the number of red blood cells is called thrombophlebitis(anemia).

3. Lymphatic system.

The lymphatic system is complementary to arterial(venous) and is part of the cardiovascular system. Capillaries are blind-closed and blood(lymph) moves along them into two(one) directions. The lymphatic system is the mediator between body cells and blood. supplies the body with oxygen and nutrients(frees from decay products). Lymphatic vessels Dont Have(have) valves. Special formations - lymph nodes concentrated in the chest cavity(throughout the body in moving places). They perform a barrier function, here they form platelets(lymphocytes). Composition of lymph and blood similar(different).

4. Heart.

The heart is the engine of blood in the body. This three-chamber(four-chambered) muscular organ located in abdominal(thoracic) cavity. The mass of the heart is approx. 1 kg(300 g). AND outside, and inside the heart is lined with a single-layer epithelium (outside - connective tissue). Inside there is a valve apparatus that provides blood flow in only one direction. The ventricles are divided incomplete(complete) septum, and therefore arterial and venous blood mixed up(do not mix). The largest vein The aorta (artery) that carries blood away from the heart originates from the left ventricle. The heart cycle lasts 0.8 min(sec).

Conditions: guys with a white chip participate in the competition. They must provide first aid to the “injured” (tasks are chosen by lottery).

1. The victim has severe bleeding on the left forearm, the blood is coming in jerks, the color of the blood is scarlet.

Answer. The type of bleeding is arterial. A tourniquet must be applied. It is applied to clothing (so as not to damage the skin) above the wound until the bleeding stops. The tourniquet can be kept for no more than 1.5-2 hours (so as not to cause necrosis). On the wound - a sterile bandage. The victim must be taken to the hospital.

2. The victim has cardiac arrest due to electric shock.

Answer. It is necessary to de-energize the victim, then urgently begin to perform an indirect heart massage in combination with artificial respiration. Due to the effect of current, there may be muscle spasm, so the victim can unclench his teeth using a knife or stick. A clean handkerchief is applied to the mouth and nose of the victim, air is blown into the lungs at a frequency of 18-20 times per minute, heart massage - rhythmic pressure on the lower third of the sternum - at a frequency of 60-70 times / min.

3. The victim has a skull injury: the forehead is cut, the bleeding is profuse, the bone is not damaged.

Answer. It is necessary to blot the wound with a napkin, apply gauze folded several times to the wound and apply a circular bandage or “cap”. Deliver the victim to the first-aid post for suturing.

4. The victim has an abrasion on his knee, the bleeding is weak, the wound is dirty.

Answer. Rinse the wound with boiled water or a solution of potassium permanganate, treat the skin around the wound with iodine or brilliant green, you can close the wound with a bactericidal plaster, a bandage is not required.

Conditions: the participants of the teams who prepared the messages are speaking (time limit - 3 minutes).

Message topics.

1. Cardiovascular diseases and their prevention.
2. The influence of alcohol, tobacco, drugs on the work of the cardiovascular system.
3. The value of physical exercises for strengthening the cardiovascular system.
4. Why are vaccinations needed?

The purpose of the lesson: to systematize, expand knowledge about blood and the circulatory system. The class is divided into four groups. At the beginning of the lesson, students are given colored chips (each color makes it possible to participate in one of the competitions

Contest "Find the mistake"
Conditions: teams receive texts (by lottery) in which errors were made. Within 1-2 minutes, work is underway in groups to identify errors, then the player with the red chip reads the text and comments on the errors.
Texts for the contest "Find the mistake".

1. Red blood cells.
Erythrocytes are red blood cells. They are very small. There are 10 million of them in 1 mm3. (5 million). Mature erythrocytes have small nuclei ( do not have nuclei). These are spherical cells biconcave cake) forms that are not capable of independent movement. Inside the cells is hemoglobin - a combination of protein and copper ( gland). Erythrocytes originate in the spleen ( in red bone marrow), but are destroyed in the red bone marrow ( spleen). The main function of erythrocytes is the transport of nutrients ( gases). A disease associated with a decrease in the number of red blood cells in the blood is called thrombophlebitis. (anemia).

2. Leukocytes.
Leukocytes are white blood cells. They are smaller larger) erythrocytes, have filamentous ( amoeboid) body and well-defined nucleus. In 1 mm3 of blood there are from 9 to 15 thousand of them, ( 6-9 thousand). Like erythrocytes, leukocytes are unable to move independently ( able to move actively). Leukocytes devour bacteria that have entered the body. This way of eating is called pinocytosis. (phagocytosis). In addition, a special group of leukocytes produces immune bodies - special cells ( substances) capable of neutralizing any ( specific) infection. I. P. Pavlov studied the protective properties of blood ( I. I. Mechnikov).

3. Lymphatic system.
The lymphatic system is complementary to the arterial ( venous) and is part of the cardiovascular system. Capillaries are blind-closed and blood ( lymph) moves along them in two ( one) directions. The lymphatic system is an intermediary between body cells and blood, supplies the body with oxygen and nutrients ( frees from decay products). Lymphatic vessels do not have have) valves. Special formations - lymph nodes are concentrated in the chest cavity ( throughout the body in moving places). They perform a barrier function, platelets are formed here ( lymphocytes). The composition of lymph and blood is similar ( different).

4. Heart
The heart is the engine of blood in the body. This is a three chamber four-chamber) a muscular organ located in the abdominal ( chest) cavities. The mass of the heart is about 1 kg ( 300 g). Both outside and inside the heart is lined with a single layer of epithelium ( outside- connective tissue). Inside - a valve apparatus that provides blood flow in only one direction. The ventricles are incompletely separated ( complete) by the septum, and therefore arterial and venous blood are mixed ( do not mix). The largest vein arteria), carrying blood from the heart - the aorta - starts from the left ventricle. The cardiac cycle lasts 0.8 min ( With).

^ Captains competition

Team captains take turns going to the center of the hall. They are asked the same number of questions. There is no time for reflection.

1. 
   The movement of blood through the blood vessels. (Circulation).
2. 
   The largest vessel (Aorta).
3. 
   Red blood cells. (erythrocytes)
4. 
   The process of devouring foreign bodies by leukocytes. (Phagocytosis).
5. 
   Blood saturated with carbon dioxide. (venous).
6. 
   A hereditary disease, expressed in a tendency to bleed as a result of blood incoagulability. (Hemophilia).
7. 
   Water in the blood is ... (90%)
8. 
   Path of blood from the left ventricle to the right atrium. (A large circle of blood circulation.).

1. 
   Preparation of killed or weakened microorganisms. (Vaccine).
2. 
   White blood cells. (Leukocytes).
3. 
   The body's ability to defend itself against infection. (Immunity).
4. 
   Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart. (Vienna).
5. 
   A person who donates part of his or her blood for a transfusion. (Donor).
6. 
   Weight of the heart. (300g).
7. 
   Blood cells involved in the formation of blood clots. (Platelets)
8. 
   A disease in which blood pressure is low. (Hypotension).

1. 
   A substance found in erythrocytes. (Hemoglobin).
2. 
   The liquid part of the blood. (Plasma).
3. 
   Blood type of a universal donor. (1 or OO).
4. 
   A substance produced by white blood cells in response to a foreign protein or organism. (Antibody).
5. 
   Erythrocytes in 1mm (5 million).
6. 
   Blood saturated with oxygen. (Arterial).
7. 
   Fluctuations in the walls of blood vessels caused by changes in blood pressure in the vessels in the rhythm of the contraction of the heart. (Pulse).
8. 
   Path of blood from the right ventricle to the left atrium. (Lesser circulation)

1. 
   Vessels that carry blood away from the heart. (Arteries).
2. 
   Forms the heart muscle. (Myocardium).
3. 
   Leukocytes in 1 mm (6-9 thousand / mm)
4. 
   Blood vessels, the walls of which consist of a single layer of epithelial cells. (capillaries).
5. 
   The largest vessel in the circulatory system. (Aorta).
6. 
   A disease in which blood pressure is elevated. (Hypertension).
7. 
   The heart contracts in 1 minute .. (60-80 times).
8. 
   Soluble blood protein. (Fibrinogen)

Competition "Reception in the emergency room"

Conditions: guys with a white chip participate in the competition. They must provide PMP to the “injured” (tasks are chosen by lottery).

Tasks:
1. The victim has severe bleeding from a wound on his right forearm, the blood is coming in jerks, the color of the blood is scarlet.
Answer. The type of bleeding is arterial. A tourniquet must be applied. It is applied to clothing (so as not to damage the skin) above the wound until the bleeding stops. The tourniquet can be kept for no more than 1.5-2 hours (so as not to cause necrosis). On the wound - a sterile bandage. The victim must be taken to the medical center.

2. The victim has cardiac arrest due to electric shock.
Answer. It is necessary to de-energize the victim, then urgently begin to perform an indirect heart massage in combination with artificial respiration. Due to the effect of current, there may be muscle spasm, so the victim can unclench his teeth using a knife or stick. A clean handkerchief is applied to the mouth and nose of the victim, air is blown into the lungs at a frequency of 18-20 times per minute, heart massage - rhythmic pressure on the lower third of the sternum - at a frequency of 60-70 times per minute.

3. The victim has a skull injury: the forehead is cut, the bleeding is profuse, the bone is not damaged.
Answer. It is necessary to blot the wound with a napkin, apply gauze folded several times to the wound and apply a circular bandage or “cap”. Deliver the victim to the first-aid post for suturing.
4. The victim has an abrasion on his knee, the bleeding is weak, the wound is dirty.
Answer. Rinse the wound with boiled water or a solution of potassium permanganate, treat the skin around the wound with iodine or brilliant green, you can close the wound with a bactericidal plaster, a bandage is not required.

^ Competition "Rebuses".

The team that solved the puzzle gets 1 point. If the team gives a full explanation of the term indicated by this rebus, the team gets 5 points.

aorta

leukocyte

blood

Competition "Crossword".

1 participant from each team solves a crossword puzzle for 10 minutes. The team receives as many points as the participant guessed.

Horizontally:
4. A vessel that carries blood to the capillaries.
6. The necrosis of the tissue of the heart area.
10. An organ of the circulatory system that pumps blood from arteries to veins.
11. Department of the heart, from which the movement of blood through the arteries begins.
12. Hemorrhage in the brain.
13. A device for stopping arterial bleeding of a limb.
14. The necrosis of a tissue site.
15. The ability of an organ to work under the influence of impulses that arise in itself.

Vertically:
1. A vessel in which gases are exchanged.
2. The vessel through which blood returns to the heart.
3. The muscular layer of the heart wall.
5. Device for measuring pressure.
7. Disease associated with a persistent increase in pressure.
8. Department of the heart, in which the circle of blood circulation ends.
10. Brown crust formed after blood clotting.

Competition "Weak Link"

Teams take turns asking questions to any player of the other team (order: 1→2,2→3,3→4,4→1). The team earns as many points as the number of questions the player answers.

^ Competition "Circles of blood circulation"

One player from each team comes to the board and draws circles of blood circulation. Order: players 1 and 3 teams → big circle; 2 and 4 teams → small circle. Check: 1→2 and vice versa; 3→4 and vice versa.

1. Red blood cells.
Erythrocytes are red blood cells. They are very small. There are 10 million of them in 1 mm3 . Mature erythrocytes have small nuclei. These are spherical cells that are not capable of independent movement. Inside the cells is hemoglobin - a combination of protein and copper. Erythrocytes originate in the spleen and are destroyed in the red bone marrow. The main function of erythrocytes is the transport of nutrients. A disease associated with a decrease in the number of red blood cells in the blood is called thrombophlebitis. .

2. Leukocytes.
Leukocytes are white blood cells. They are smaller than erythrocytes, have a filamentous body and a well-defined nucleus. There are from 9 to 15 thousand of them in 1 mm3 of blood. Like erythrocytes, leukocytes are not able to move independently . Leukocytes devour bacteria that have entered the body. This way of eating is called pinocytosis. In addition, a special group of leukocytes produces immune bodies - special cells that can neutralize any infection. IP Pavlov studied the protective properties of blood.

3. Lymphatic system.
The lymphatic system is complementary to the arterial system and is part of the cardiovascular system. The capillaries are blind-closed and the blood moves through them in two directions. The lymphatic system is an intermediary between body cells and blood, supplies the body with oxygen and nutrients. Lymphatic vessels do not have valves. Special formations - lymph nodes are concentrated in the chest cavity. They perform a barrier function, platelets are formed here. The composition of lymph and blood is similar .

4. Heart
The heart is the engine of blood in the body. It is a three-chambered muscular organ located in the abdominal cavity. The mass of the heart is about 1 kg. Both outside and inside the heart is lined with a single layer of epithelium. Inside - a valve apparatus that provides blood flow in only one direction. The ventricles are separated by an incomplete septum, and therefore arterial and venous blood mix. The largest vein that carries blood away from the heart, the aorta, originates from the left ventricle. The cardiac cycle lasts 0.8 minutes.

So, antibodies and RTK to any arbitrarily taken antigen preexist in the body. These antibodies and RTKs are present on the surface of lymphocytes, forming antigen-recognizing receptors there. It is extremely important that on the surface of one cell there are antibodies (or PTK) of the same specificity. One lymphocyte can synthesize antibodies (or RTK) of only one specificity, which do not differ from each other in the structure of the active center. This is formulated as the principle of "one lymphocyte - one antibody."

How does an antigen, when it enters the body, cause an increased synthesis of precisely those antibodies that specifically react only with it? The answer to this question was given by the theory of selection of clones by the Australian researcher, Nobel laureate F. M. Burnet (1899-1985). According to this theory, put forward in 1957 and fully confirmed by subsequent experiments, one cell synthesizes only one type of antibody, which is localized on its surface. The antibody repertoire is formed before and independently of encountering an antigen. The role of an antigen is only to find a cell carrying an antibody on its membrane that reacts specifically with it, and to activate this cell. The activated lymphocyte enters into division and differentiation. As a result, 500 - 1000 genetically identical cells (clones) arise from one cell, synthesizing the same type of antibodies that can specifically recognize the antigen and combine with it. As a result of further differentiation, the lymphocyte turns into a cell that not only synthesizes this antibody, but also secretes it into the environment. Thus, the functions of an antigen are to find the lymphocyte corresponding to it, to cause its division and differentiation into a cell that secretes antibodies. This is the essence of the immune response: the selection of the desired clones and their stimulation to divide. The dynamics of primary and repeated responses, according to Burnet's theory, is a reflection of the dynamics of reproduction of cell clones that produce antibodies to a given antigen. Tolerance is the loss of a clone of cells due to their contact with an antigen during the maturation of a lymphocyte.

The formation of killer lymphocytes is based on the same principle: selection by an antigen of a T-lymphocyte carrying RTK of the desired specificity on its surface, and stimulation of its division and differentiation. As a result, a clone of the same type of killers is formed, carrying a large number of RTKs on their surface, interacting with the antigen that is part of the foreign cell, and capable of killing these cells.

And here we meet with new problems that already go beyond the limits of the clonal-selection theory of immunity. The first one is: how do RTKs recognize an antigen? The fact is that the killer cannot do anything with the soluble antigen, neither neutralize it nor remove it from the body. But the killer lymphocyte is very effective in killing cells that contain foreign antigen, so it passes soluble antigen, but does not let the antigen that is on the surface of the foreign cell. There is a special mechanism for this, the so-called "recognition in context". It lies in the fact that RTKs do not recognize the antigen corresponding to it if it is in a free form, but react strictly specifically with it if it is in combination with the tissue compatibility antigen, which we mentioned above. These antigens are always present on the surface of any body cells and have the ability to complex with foreign proteins, or rather, with their fragments. Thus, tissue compatibility antigens form a “context” in which (and only in which!) RTKs recognize a foreign antigen, activating a lymphocyte and stimulating it to divide and differentiate into a full-fledged killer.

The second problem that goes beyond the clonal selection principle is helper lymphocytes. A detailed study of immune reactions showed that the formation of a clone of cells producing antibodies, or a clone of killers, requires the participation of special helper lymphocytes. By themselves, they are not able to produce antibodies or kill target cells. But, recognizing a foreign antigen, they react to it by producing growth and differentiation factors that are necessary for the reproduction and maturation of antibody-forming and killer lymphocytes. In this regard, it is interesting to recall the AIDS virus, which causes severe damage to the immune system (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - AIDS). This virus infects helper lymphocytes, making the immune system incapable of producing antibodies or producing killers.

And finally, a very important problem: how is tolerance to the antigens of one's own organism developed? In full accordance with Burnet's theory, it was shown that if an immature lymphocyte carrying an antibody receptor or PTK to its own antigens encounters such an antigen, then it is inactivated or dies. Thus, the body is deprived of clones of lymphocytes capable of reacting with its own antigens without weakening its response to foreign antigens. It is important to note that in some diseases, “forbidden” clones remain, responding with antibodies or killers to the antigens of their own cells. In this case, severe diseases occur, such as lupus erythematosus, in which the body's own tissues are affected.

Target: generalize and systematize students' knowledge about the composition and functions of blood, the structure of the circulatory system and the importance of immunity.

Tasks : to develop the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in practice in the provision of first aid for all types of bleeding; promote a healthy lifestyle; note the negative effect of nicotine, alcohol on the work of the circulatory system.

Equipment: plates with team numbers, emblems of competitions for all participants, statements for the jury; paper, cards with texts of tasks; cotton wool, bandages, tourniquet, handkerchief for first aid.

Game conditions:

For each correct answer at the stage, the team receives a point. Points are entered into the route list at each stage of the game. Points are deducted from the team for violation of discipline. The scores are kept by the jury consisting of L.V. Svishcheva, the school psychologist, Juhu R.A. - the talimger of the school, Yulia Repnaya, a student of the 11th grade.

Introductory speech by a biology teacher.

Game motto:

“Coming together is a start.

Sticking together is progress.

Working together is success"

Henry Ford.

1 Competition. Team View

Boys team Adrenaline

We want to fight

So they came to you in a crowd,

Compete with you

We cross in the game like swords, looks

We guys won't fail

Let's play fair here

Only friendship can we

In these rounds to win.

Rivals. Rivals

We welcome you

Want - be the first

But only after us!

Address to the jury

It will not be difficult for you to judge, it is impossible to make mistakes: better than us, believe me, no. The whole world knows it

Team of girls "Smart Hearts"

Hello rivals are friends

We have no less enthusiasm.

If the victory cannot be divided,

May the best man win

in front of you, in front of you

We won't be discouraged

if we can't solve the problem

Let's use humor.

If that doesn't help

We need more points

With our beauty we can

Take the first place!

Address to the jury

You judge fairly, think slowly, and when you rate us, add one point.”

2.Competition "Terms"

Questions for 1 team

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart. (arteries )

Path of blood from the right ventricle to the left atrium. (Small circle of blood circulation)

Vibrations in the walls of blood vessels caused by changes in blood pressure in the vessels in the rhythm of the contraction of the heart. (Pulse )

Blood group of the universal donor. (1 )

The liquid part of the blood.(Plasma )

A substance found in erythrocytes. (Hemoglobin )

Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart. (Vienna )

Preparation of killed or weakened microorganisms. (Vaccine )

White blood cells. (Leukocytes )

The body's ability to defend itself against infection. (Immunity)

Questions 2 team

A person who donates part of his or her blood for a transfusion. (Donor )

A substance produced by white blood cells in response to a foreign protein or organism. (Antibody )

Blood saturated with oxygen. (Arterial )

The movement of blood through the blood vessels. (Circulation )

The largest vessel (Aorta )

Red blood cells. (red blood cells )

The process of devouring foreign bodies by leukocytes. (Phagocytosis) .

Blood saturated with carbon dioxide. (Venous )

Hereditary disease, expressed in a tendency to bleed as a result of non-clotting. (Hemophilia )

Path of blood from the left ventricle to the right atrium. (Systemic circulation )

3. Contest “What do these numbers say about ” figures are given, you need to discuss with the team and give answers

Tasks: 1 team 1. 6-8 thousand/mm 3 (number of leukocytes). 2. 300g (weight of the heart). 3. 60-70 beats (adult pulse rate). 4. 120 days (erythrocyte lifespan). 5. 15% (people with negative Rh). 6. 0.8 s (cardiac cycle duration).

2 team

1. 4.5- 5 million mm 3 (number of erythrocytes). 2. 5 m/s (velocity of blood flow in the aorta). 3. 120/80mmHg Art. (normal blood pressure). 4. 7 days - (platelet life span).

5. 0.4 s (pause - relaxation of the atria and ventricles). 6. 5l (total amount of blood in the human body).

Pause. Game with spectators

Guess the rebus - vaccine

Solve a problem:

It is known that the human heart contracts on average 70 times per minute, ejecting about 0.15 liters of blood with each contraction. How much blood does your heart pump in 6 lessons?

70 x 45 = 3150 times reduced in 1 lesson.

3150 x 0.15 \u003d 472.5 liters. blood is pumped in 1 lesson

472.5 l. x 6 lessons = 2835 l. blood is pumped for 6 lessons.

4. Contest “Find the mistake” Conditions: commands receive texts in which mistakes are made. Within 1-2 minutes, work is underway in groups to identify errors, then the player reads the text and comments on the errors.

1. Red blood cells . Erythrocytes are red blood cells. They are very small. In 1 mm 3 their10 million . (5 million). mature erythrocyteshave small nuclei (do not have nuclei). These are cellsglobular (biconcave cake) forms that are not capable of independent movement. Inside the cells is hemoglobin - a combination of protein andcopper (gland). Erythrocytes originate inspleen (in the red bone marrow), but are destroyed inred bone marrow (spleen). The main function of erythrocytes is the transport of nutrientssubstances (gases). A disease associated with a decrease in the number of red blood cells is calledthrombophlebitis (anemia).

2. Heart .

The heart is the engine of blood in the body. Thisthree-chamber (four-chambered) muscular organ located inabdominal (thoracic) cavity. The mass of the heart is approx.1 kg (300g). ANDoutside , and inside the heart is lined with a single-layer epithelium (outside - connective tissue). Inside there is a valvular apparatus that provides blood flow in only one direction. The ventricles are dividedincomplete (complete) septum, and therefore arterial and venous bloodmixed up (do not mix). The largestvein The aorta (artery) that carries blood away from the heart originates from the left ventricle. The heart cycle lasts0.8 min (sec).

Fan Contest - Riddles

1. Who has been in a cage for a century? (Heart)

2.Different groups we have it but per coloreveryone has one. (Blood)

1. Human blood conduit.(Vessel, vein, artery, capillary.)

2. Who's pressure is always "on top"?(Hypertensive)

1. Investigating blood, biologist George Whipple found that iron is their most important component.

(erythrocytes.)

2. Two circles of circulation of which fluid in the human body was discovered by William Harvey?

(Blood.)

1. Day and night it does not sleep,
Everything knocks, knocks, knocks,
Fills the veins with blood
And the blood pushes through the veins.
If it stops beating
The person will not get up. (Heart)

2. It flows into the lungs,
Takes oxygen.
It flows through the kidneys
Leaves all the sludge in them.
Flowing through the muscles

Gives them oxygen. (blood)

1. It happens species - congenital,
Or maybe purchased.
In it, leukocytes play a role,
We are protected from disease. (Immunity).

2. They are nuclear-free cells
And carry oxygen.
When their blood levels are below normal,
Then anemia sets in (erythrocytes)

1. Arterial, venous vessels
They connect with each other
They have very low pressure
All organs and tissues are braided (capillaries)

2. When we remove the cells from the blood,
We will see the liquid in yellowish color.
Glucose, salts in it, water, proteins.
Have you guessed what kind of liquid it is? (Plasma).

5.Competition "Admission at the emergency room"

Conditions students must provide first aid to the “injured” (tasks are chosen by lottery).

Tasks: 1. The victim has severe bleeding on the left forearm, the blood is coming in jerks, the color of the blood is scarlet.

Answer. The type of bleeding is arterial. A tourniquet must be applied. It is applied to clothing (so as not to damage the skin) above the wound until the bleeding stops. The tourniquet can be kept for no more than 1.5-2 hours (so as not to cause necrosis). On the wound - a sterile bandage. The victim must be taken to the hospital.

2. The victim has cardiac arrest due to electric shock.

Answer. It is necessary to de-energize the victim, then urgently begin to perform an indirect heart massage in combination with artificial respiration. Due to the effect of current, there may be muscle spasm, so the victim can unclench his teeth using a knife or stick. A clean handkerchief is applied to the mouth and nose of the victim, air is blown into the lungs at a frequency of 18-20 times per minute, heart massage - rhythmic pressure on the lower third of the sternum - at a frequency of 60-70 times / min.

3. The victim has a skull injury: the forehead is cut, the bleeding is profuse, the bone is not damaged.Answer . It is necessary to blot the wound with a napkin, apply gauze folded several times to the wound and apply a circular bandage or “cap”. Deliver the victim to the first-aid post for suturing.

4. The victim has an abrasion on his knee, the bleeding is weak, the wound is dirty.

Answer. Rinse the wound with boiled water or a solution of potassium permanganate, treat the skin around the wound with iodine or brilliant green, you can close the wound with a bactericidal plaster, a bandage is not required

6 Competition. Guess the crossword

Horizontally
4. The ability of an organ to work under the influence of impulses that arise in itself
5. Blood rich in carbon dioxide
7. Name the colorless blood cells resembling amoebas that perform protective functions.
8. Transfer of gases, nutrients and metabolic products - what is the function of blood?
14. Vessel that carries blood from the heart to the blood
15. Department of the heart, in which the circle of blood circulation ends
17. Type of people who appeared about 40 thousand years ago (Cro-Magnon)

Vertically
1. Department of the heart, from which the movement of blood through the arteries begins
2. What are the names of blood cells containing hemoglobin, which is able to attach and release oxygen.
3. Vessel in which gas exchange occurs
6. Blood clotting, destruction of pathogens - what is the function of blood?
9. Blood in capillaries enriched with oxygen
10. What is the name of the liquid part of the blood with salts and nutrients dissolved in it.
11. Maintaining body temperature - what is the function of blood?
12. An organ of the circulatory system that pumps blood
13. Disease associated with a persistent increase in pressure
16. Name the blood cells that provide clotting.
18. Muscular layer of the heart wall

Pause. This is interesting

Every second, from 2 to 10 million red blood cells are destroyed in the human body.

The total surface area of ​​all human erythrocytes is 3400 m.

If all human erythrocytes were laid side by side, then a ribbon would be obtained, encircling the globe three times along the equator.

In the history of medicine, a donor is known who donated blood 624 times in his life.

The loss of 1/3 of the blood can lead the body to death. The cause of blood incoagulability may be hemophilia, which is transmitted through the female line, but only men suffer from it.

The bone marrow of an adult over 70 years of life gives a ton of leukocytes.

- The number of leukocytes usually rises slightly in the evening, after eating, and also after physical and emotional stress.

If all the platelets are arranged in a chain, then the distance will be 6000 km (from Moscow to Chita).

The experience of reviving an isolated human heart for the first time in the world was successfully carried out by the Russian scientist A. Kulyabko in 1902. He revived the heart of a child 20 hours after death from pneumonia.

During physical and emotional stress, the heart pumps, on average, 3-5 times more blood per minute than at rest.

Adrenaline (adrenal hormone), calcium salts and other biologically active substances increase the frequency and strength of heart contractions.

Potassium ions, bradykinin and other biologically active substances reduce the frequency and strength of heart contractions.

joke test

1. Which of the following is NOT a disease?
a) Anemia;
b) Leukemia;
c) Coolness.

2. What nerve is there in our body?

a) wandering;

b) Runaway;

c) blind;

d) Lost.

3. What are the paths inside a person?
a) Life paths;
b) Airways;
c) Respiratory tract;
d) Waterways.

4. What chemical element is involved in the transport of oxygen through the human body?
a) calcium;
b) Iron;
c) aluminum;
d) Lead.
5. What, according to scientists, constantly arises in the human brain?
a) short circuit;

b) Arc discharge;
c) Biocurrents;

d) Rolling blackout.

6. What does a human hair have?
a) Bulb;

b) Tuber;
c) Cone;

d) box.
7. What happens to the stomach after eating indigestible food?
a) He gets upset
b) He is upset;
c) He is offended;
d) He is offended.

8. Where does a person have the thickest skin?
a) on the back
b) on your knees;
c) on the soles;
d) on the cheeks.
9. What is the name of a change in human skin (roughness) when the body is cold or a person experiences strong emotional arousal?

a) snake skin;

b) Goose skin;

c) Fish scales;

d) Feather cover.

10. What body temperature does a person with influenza usually have?
a) minus;

b) Normal;
c) Increased;

d) room.

11. What are the names of microorganisms that provoke the occurrence of infectious diseases?
a) admirers;
b) Pathogens;
c) Disturbers;
d) Instigators.

12. What prevents poisons from harming the body?
a) Immunity;
b) Appetite;
c) Appendicitis;
d) authority.
13. What is the simple name of a childhood disease in which the parotid glands swell?
a) Piggy;
b) Mumps;
c) Boar;
d) Piglet.
14. What does the patient receive after X-ray?
a) Snapshot;

b) Video clip;
c) a movie;

d) an Oscar
15. How should the patient touch the tip of his nose in the neurologist's office?
a) the tip of the tongue
b) index finger;
c) Elbow;
d) knee.

16. What often loses a person with a sunstroke?
a) Patience;
b) Conscience;
c) Consciousness;
d) Sense of humour.

7Competition “Messages”

1. The influence of alcohol on the human body (presentation)

Girls performance

1. Whether on the sea, whether on land
So that there is no trouble
Don't drink anyway
You are fire water.

2. Hung with stickers
And beckons the weak
Mixed with misfortune and grief
From the depths of centuries.

3. Poison utter
For body and soul.
They do not see light in life
Drunk killers.

4. Half-liters and stacks
Years measured.
Path, drunken path,
Leads to the edge always.

5. A lot of time will pass,
To eradicate evil.
To betray all oblivion
You can live without vodka.

6. Whom to call to account?
We all want to know.
And where is the way to the light
From this drunken darkness?

2. The effect of smoking on the human body (presentation)

boys

1. We will tell you poems

About the dangers of smoking.

You are in the habit.

Show zeal.

2. A cigarette is poison.

Let old and young remember:

She will give you only sclerosis,

Cancer, bronchitis, tuberculosis.

3. If you smoke tobacco.

Soon there will be lung cancer

Throw away cigarettes

Save your life soon

4If a friend often

Offers to smoke

You think well

Is it worth being friends with?

5He is doing well.

Who doesn't smoke or drink

Who has a healthy lifestyle

From an early age always leads

6If you want to live long,

Don't smoke cigarettes

Do sports more often

And chill in the winter!

While our jury sums up the game, we will guess the riddle.What is the most precious thing in the world ? The most precious thing in the world is health. If a person is sick, he does not need any wealth. Each person is responsible for their own health. Let's make a cluster showing which factors will contribute to our health. The participants of the game write them down on a poster, and the guests of our event write them down on hearts and hang them on a poster near the board. Let's compare our entries.

A popular proverb says: "What you sow, you will reap."

It is easier to prevent a disease than to cure, so you need to try not to get sick.
If you stay healthy, our future is in good hands. Only with healthy people can you build a strong life.

This concludes our event.

Speech by the jury, awarding the winners.

I wish you all health, happiness and a happy life. be healthy

Adrenalin

Smart hearts

1.Introduction of teams

Maximum score-3

2.Terms

10 questions - one point for each question

Maximum score-10

3. What do these numbers say

6 digits - for each correct answer - 1 point

Maximum score-6

4. Find a bug

8 errors, 1 point for each error found

Maximum score-8

5. Reception at the emergency room - 2 experiments each

For each action shown with an explanation - 5 points

For showing action - 3 points

For explanation - 2 points

Maximum score-10

6. Guess the crossword

17 questions - 1 point for each question

Maximum score - 17

7. Messages

Presentation - 5 points

Poems - 3 points

Maximum score - 8

Maximum score - 62