Useful intestinal microflora: lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Bifidobacteria and dysbacteriosis. How to restore balance and prevent the development of pathogenic microflora Action of bifidobacteria

When the intestinal microflora is in a healthy state, this has a positive effect on the immune system and the general psychological mood of a person.

Among the obligatory anaerobic microflora on the intestinal mucosa, bifidobacteria occupy a special place, since they make up 90% of all existing varieties.

Maintaining their condition and number within the normal range allows you to get rid of many intestinal diseases and pathologies, to establish the processes of digestion.

What it is?

Bifidobacteria belong to the class of gram-positive anaerobic microorganisms. The appearance of these bacteria is like a curved rod. The extreme points of the structure can become thicker, thinner, sometimes divided into 2 approximately identical parts. From this came their name, since in Latin it consists of two words (divided in two and bacterium).

In the intestines of newborns, bifidobacteria play a leading role in organizing the microflora necessary for digestion. They do not lose their importance in the adult state of a person. Their predominant location is the large intestine.

These microorganisms have a lot of varieties, since their species is represented by 24 strains. One of the factors for maintaining a normal weight and strengthening the immune system is the optimal amount of all varieties of bifidobacteria in the body.

Effect on the body: what is their role?

Bifidobacteria are essential for the production of organic acids. The most important of these are lactic and acetic acid, so the substances responsible for their formation are the most important.

They regulate and, if necessary, restore the normal pH level in the general microflora of the intestinal environment.

These microorganisms are able to detect strong antagonism, therefore, they easily suppress the vital activity and active reproduction of conditionally pathogenic microflora, harmful and putrefactive flora, which is also often present in the intestine.

Bifidobacteria themselves take over the partial functions of human immunity, as they represent a kind of shield that prevents the appearance and development of many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Bifidobacteria have a significant impact on the implementation of many processes in the body:

1. Participate in the provision and normalization of digestion, which allows you to organize the optimal absorption of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients.
2. They contribute to protein hydrolysis, participate in the process of fermentation of carbohydrates, perform saponification of fats and lipids, carry out competent decomposition into components of vegetable fats and fiber. In general, these processes occur due to the activity of enzymes, the supply of which is provided by bifidobacteria.
3. Modernize the process of movement of the muscles of the intestine, that is, peristalsis. This process avoids stagnation, constipation and strong gas formation.
4. They participate in the inhibition of vitamin B, and also contribute to its active absorption when ingested with food. When performing these actions, bifidobacteria provide an increased resistance of the nervous system to stress, overstrain and other negative psychological conditions. They help to increase the resistance and survival of nerve cells, which helps protect a person from nervous disorders and mental illness.
5. Increase the absorption of vitamin K, which is necessary for optimal blood clotting.
6. They are involved in the inhibition and absorption of many types of amino acids, which in turn allow the body to more easily absorb calcium and vitamin D.
7. Bifidobacteria take part in many processes of assimilation and redistribution of useful substances, therefore they provide an anti-anemic and anti-rachitic effect, as well as fight against the manifestations of allergies, and reduce its intensity.
8. They encourage lymphatic work to work faster, activate the production of immunoglobulins, which is necessary to enhance the body's immune response. This aspect influenced the birth of the popular expression that most of the immunity is in the intestines.

Symptoms of a lack of bifidobacteria and possible consequences

Deficiency of bifidobacteria manifests itself very clearly, as a person begins to suffer from signs of dysbacteriosis. The first symptom and the most striking manifestation of a deficiency of essential bacteria is the occurrence of an acute intestinal infection, since the protective forces are either absent or are in too small quantities, therefore they are unable to fight back harmful microorganisms.

With a deficiency of bifidobacteria, diarrhea and diarrhea are often manifested. The lack of bifidobacteria provokes a slowdown in peristalsis, which causes congestion.

All signs of putrefactive processes appear, fermentation of products is not excluded, and bile acids accumulate among the entire contents of the intestine. Usually, these processes provoke diarrhea, but among patients there are cases with constipation.

Sometimes, with a decrease in the number of bifidobacteria, flatulence manifests itself. The natural microflora is unable to cope with the incessant appearance and reproduction of harmful microorganisms.

Due to their large number, there are significant accumulations of carbon dioxide released during the life of microbes. In addition to bloating, chronic flatulence is manifested by heartburn and bad breath.

If no measures are taken to treat the pathology, there is a global lack of vitamins in the body and increasing anemia.

Consequences

Among the "harmless" manifestations of a lack of bifidobacteria, constipation and diarrhea stand out. Gradually, the risk of developing severe intestinal infections increases significantly.

In the absence of proper treatment, a strong allergy manifests itself, not only to products that always cause irritation, but also to those substances that were previously used without problems.

It is not excluded the appearance of gastritis, including in severe form. On the basis of constant irritation of the mucosa, signs of peptic ulcer appear.

Of the general symptoms, the provocateur of which is a decrease in the number of bifidobacteria, a strong decline in general and local immunity stands out, and the frequency of diseases of a viral nature increases.

The patient shows excessive fatigue, feels constant weakness up to a complete breakdown. Indirectly, the lack of necessary bacteria in the intestine affects the decrease in concentration, psychological exhaustion.

Causes of changes in microflora

• Wrong nutrition.
• Reception of antibacterial and hormonal agents.
• Weakened immunity.
• Polluted water and food.

How to normalize?

To restore the intestines and populate it with a sufficient amount of bifidobacteria, it is necessary to take comprehensive measures, completely revising your diet.

If you use drugs in combination with folk remedies and eat only certain foods, the number of beneficial bacteria will be restored, which will help get rid of the symptoms that appeared due to their lack.

Preparations

To normalize the microflora, the following drugs are used:

1. Probiotics.
2. Prebiotics.

Probiotics

Monopreparations:

• Probifor.

Medicines that include several bacterial cultures with the participation of bifidobacteria:

• Florin Forte.
• Linex.
• Bificol.

Prebiotics

They serve to create a favorable environment that ensures the normal reproduction and functioning of beneficial bacteria:

• Lactofiltrum.
• Lactusan.
• Duphalac.
• Prelaks.
• Inulin.
• Portalak.

Additionally, you can use Bifiform, which contains a lot of live bacteria.

Folk remedies

1. Regular drinking of mash.
2. Drinking a glass of whey daily on an empty stomach.
3. Use before breakfast and dinner for a clove of garlic.
4. Use of garlic yogurt. For cooking, boiled liter of milk is needed. The liquid is cooled and fermented on brown bread. After that, the product is diluted with grated garlic croutons. This mixture should be consumed regularly. You need to store it in the refrigerator.

Nutrition

To restore the condition of the intestines, especially after a sharp decrease in the number of bifidobacteria, it is necessary to adhere to a reasonable and systematic diet. Many foods can have a positive effect on colonizing the intestines with beneficial microflora.

Basic rules of the diet:

• Acceptance of only quickly digestible products that do not provoke the occurrence of stagnation.
• The use of small portions up to 8 times a day.
• Refusal to drink water.
• Stop eating fast carbohydrates.
• Eating foods high in fiber, such as fruits and vegetables.
• The use of only slightly dried bread.
• Exclusion of their diet of fried and fatty foods.

You should enrich your diet with foods that have bifidobacteria:

1. Dairy products. These are cottage cheese, kefir and yogurt, homemade yogurt is especially useful.
2. Sauerkraut, specifically pickle.
3. Apples kept wet.
4. Kvass based on bread.

There are products that allow you to create a favorable environment on the intestinal mucosa for the reproduction of surviving bifidobacteria, and also prevent the development and reproduction of pathogenic microflora:

• Dried fruits.
• Onion and garlic.
• Herbal teas, such as mint, chamomile, St. John's wort. Berries, especially raspberries and currants, are also useful as a basis for making drinks.
• Flour and wheat in the form of bran.
• Dandelion leaves, chicory, Jerusalem artichoke.
• Fresh vegetables, fruits and herbs.

Preventive measures

1. Proper nutrition, if necessary, compliance with a competent diet.
2. Dosed intake of antibiotics, competent selection of medicines, if possible, replacement of potent substances with more latent drugs.
3. Timely restoration of microflora after medical manipulations.
4. Preventing the penetration of pathogenic microflora into the intestines by washing food and refusing poor-quality cooked food.
5. Eliminate stress, strengthen the nervous system.

The lack of bifidobacteria in most cases is very painful and makes it impossible to carry out normal life. In order to prevent such a state, it is necessary to lead the right way of life. To replenish the missing bifidobacteria, you should use drugs in conjunction with folk remedies and follow the rules of nutrition.

G. I. GONCHAROVA, Doctor of Biological Sciences

Bifidobacteria are apathogenic microbes, that is, incapable of causing disease. Moreover, they can be said to cooperate with the body, participating in protein, fat and mineral metabolism, in the production of vitamins and enzymes.

Finally, they actively produce acids that are harmful to salmonella, staphylococci, dysentery pathogens.

Normally, bifidobacteria begin to colonize the intestines of a newborn from the first hours of his birth, and by the 5-6th day of life, they already become predominant in it.

As soon as a high level of bifidoflora is established in the intestine, there are fewer opportunistic microbes in it that can become pathogenic at any time.

Of course, some of them always remain in the body, but the presence of the proper amount of bifidobacteria prevents the manifestation of their potential aggressiveness.

Unfortunately, in recent decades, scientists have observed a distressing fact: the predominance of bifidobacteria in the intestine often began to occur at a later date, and the decrease in the number of opportunistic microbes is delayed.

Deficiency of bifidobacteria is most pronounced in newborns, especially those infected in utero due to inflammatory or other diseases of the mothers and treated with antibiotics from the first days of life. They, almost as a rule, develop dysbacteriosis - a violation of the normal ratio of bacteria in the intestine.

Dysbacteriosis creates a favorable background for the development of long-term intestinal disorders with all their unpleasant consequences. Without the neutralizing action of bifidobacteria and some other beneficial microorganisms, in particular, lactobacilli, the number of microbes with aggressive properties - staphylococci, proteus, fungi - increases.

The toxins that they produce can increase the sensitivity of the body, thereby provoking the development of diathesis and, to a large extent, chronic diseases of the digestive system.

Why were the natural processes of bifidoflora formation disturbed? To a large extent, this is a reflection of changes taking place in the environment, including in the so-called microbial landscape.

Those of the microbes that have managed to adapt to the effects of numerous chemicals, including antibiotics, multiply faster and displace those whose adaptability turned out to be worse. And bifidobacteria are just very sensitive to antibiotics.

The widespread use of these drugs has disrupted the harmonious balance of microflora in millions of people. And a newborn now often finds himself in an environment “poor” in bifidobacteria.

And on household items, on the hands of adults surrounding the child, there is always a greater or lesser number of staunchly surviving conditionally pathogenic and even pathogenic microbes. And, if bifidobacteria are not enough, they freely populate the intestines.

One of the measures to prevent such an invasion is early breastfeeding. Close contact with the mother in the first hours and days of life creates the conditions for the transition of bifidobacteria from her to the child.

The main advantage is that breast milk contains special substances that promote the growth of bifidobacteria. These substances are absent not only in milk mixtures, but even in pasteurized donor milk.

The balance of the microbial flora may be disturbed after antibiotic treatment, especially in formula-fed infants.

Of course, for some serious illnesses, these drugs are necessary, and doctors prescribe them strictly according to indications, that is, when you can’t do without them.

And mothers, sometimes, confused by a sudden rise in temperature in a child with a runny nose or cough, are in a hurry to give him an antibiotic pill just in case. This does not affect the course of the disease, but it strikes at bifidobacteria - faithful defenders and guardians of health.

Dysbacteriosis often develops in children prone to respiratory diseases. And, I must say, in these cases it is difficult to determine what is the cause and what is the effect.

Violation of the normal intestinal microflora, lowering the overall resistance of the body, contributes to the development of acute respiratory viral infections, and the effect of drugs, and the viruses themselves, destroys the bifidoflora.

How to return lost (or not received at all) bifidobacteria to a child? Fortunately, there is such an opportunity.

Now drugs containing bifidobacteria have been created. They help restore the normal balance of intestinal microflora and have a good effect on intestinal disorders caused by dysbacteriosis or aggravated by it.

Bifidumbacterin dry, developed by us back in 1967, is produced in Moscow. Gorky, Perm, Tyumen, Tashkent, Tbilisi.

Experience has shown that it is useful to give this drug for prophylactic purposes to children who have to be transferred early to artificial feeding, premature, debilitated; it is used in combination with other drugs in the treatment of anemia, sepsis, pneumonia, and is prescribed to children who have had dysentery and salmonellosis.

If the doctor has prescribed bifidumbacterin for your child, treat this remedy with confidence, remember the rules for its use. The effect will depend on how carefully you will perform them.

Infants are given bifidumbacterin just before meals, older children - 20-30 minutes before meals.

If the vial contains 5 doses, and you need 2.5, what should you do? Take a clean glass spatula (they are sold at the pharmacy) and divide the dry matter in half, put half into a clean cup. Store the rest in a bottle under a rubber stopper in the refrigerator for no more than 2 days.

There is no addiction to bifidumbacterin, no side effects from its use have been registered.

Open the bottle, pour the dry matter contained in it with boiled water at room temperature, and for a breastfeeding baby, with breast milk. Prepare the solution immediately before use!

In the process of digestion, bifidobacteria for the intestines play a very significant role. These microorganisms make up to 90% of the total mass of bacteria of the anaerobic microflora of the human intestine. A decrease in their concentration for a long time contributes to the development of various pathologies, diseases and disorders in the gastrointestinal tract.

Currently, a person lives in constant stress, and the quality of food and the content of substances and microelements useful for the body leaves much to be desired. Bad ecology also negatively affects health, so it is necessary to periodically replenish the supply of bifidobacteria.

What are bifidobacteria and why does the body need them?

The process of digestion includes the functions of digestion of food in the stomach and further absorption of proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, as well as the breakdown of fats by the large intestine. Slightly curved gram-positive bifidobacteria, having a length of 2-5 microns, are actively involved in this. They prevent the development of putrefactive and health-threatening microorganisms.

These vital bacteria perform the following functions in the intestine:

• enhance the absorption of vitamin D, calcium and iron ions by the walls of the large intestine;
• provide physiological protection of the intestinal barrier against pathogens and toxins;
• produce organic fatty acids that help maintain the productivity and stability of the symbiosis in the event of the influence of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microbes;
• activate the process of digestion and take part in the processing of food substrates;
• participate in the synthesis of proteins and amino acids, as well as in the formation of vitamins K and B;
• activate the production of immunoglobulins in the body, which increase immunity to various diseases.

A deficiency of bifidobacteria leads to a weakening of the immune system, which negatively affects the protective functions of the body. Therefore, it is useful to know how this deficiency manifests itself, and what the consequences may be.

Signs and consequences of a low concentration of bifidobacteria

An imbalance of harmful and beneficial bacteria in favor of the former leads to the appearance of dysbacteriosis. The most striking sign of its development is the process of acute intestinal infection. The body cannot prevent the penetration of pathogenic microbes and actively counteract them.

Putrefactive processes are activated, while fermentation of the intestinal contents occurs, which is accompanied by an accumulation of bile acid, which leads to diarrhea or constipation, bloating, heartburn and bad breath. The reason for the negative change in the microflora of the body can be both the use of antibiotics or hormonal drugs, and the use of dirty food or water in food.

Another reason for the occurrence of dysbacteriosis is that due to the intolerance of certain substances by the body, due to the lack of certain enzymes, the conditions created in the intestines kill the beneficial microflora.

The lack of prevention and therapeutic measures in the event of dysbacteriosis can lead to the following negative consequences:

• the sudden onset of an allergy even to those foods and drinks that were not there before;
• the appearance of diarrhea or constipation, which in the future pose a risk of developing more complex intestinal diseases;
• increased risk of various forms of gastritis, turning into peptic ulcer;
• loss of strength, decreased concentration, psychological fatigue and the risk of mild forms of depression;
• due to the low level of protection of the human body by the immune system, the likelihood of infection with viral diseases increases significantly.

To restore the intestinal microflora and increase the concentration of bifidobacteria in it, it is necessary to adjust the diet and use foods and preparations rich in microorganisms that are useful for digestion.

Treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis and its consequences

Popular natural preparations for the prevention and treatment of the consequences of dysbacteriosis are probiotics and prebiotics. They contain a bacterium that can restore order in the intestines.

Probiotics are natural products and nutritional biologically active supplements that contain live beneficial microorganisms (bifidobacteria). They are divided into 2 groups: monopreparations and preparations that include a complex of cultures rich in bifidobacteria.

Monopreparations:

1. Bifidumbacterin is a biological mass rich in beneficial microbes and live microorganisms. Available in dry and liquid form, as well as in the form of candles.
2. Probifor is a monopreparation of biological origin. Prevents the negative effects of dysbacteriosis and restores the balance of intestinal microflora. The action of the drug against toxins is due to the accelerated "settlement" of the intestinal mucosa by bifidobacteria.
3. Bifidophilus Flora Force is a probiotic developed in the USA. Restores the intestinal microflora and improves the synthesis of vitamins of group K.

Complex preparations:

1. Linex is a probiotic containing lactic acid bacteria, which were dried, frozen and further sublimated in a vacuum during the manufacturing process. Improves the metabolism of bile pigments and acids.
2. Bificol belongs to zubiotics and has antidiarrheal properties.
3. Florin Forte is a probiotic of biological origin. Contains in its composition lacto- and bifidobacteria.

Prebiotics are preventive and therapeutic drugs that are not absorbed in the gastric section of the digestive system, but are completely processed by the large intestine.

1. Inulin is a polysaccharide composed mainly of fructose, which accumulates in the root system of certain plants.
2. Dufalac is a lactose-based biologically active drug that has a laxative effect. Promotes the excretion of ammonium ions and improves the absorption of phosphates and calcium salts.
3. Laktofiltrum is a herbal preparation with a high absorbent capacity.
4. Maxilak includes a complex of prebiotics and probiotics. Corrects dysfunctions of the digestive system and intestinal tract.
5. Eubicor is a dietary supplement based on wheat bran and wine yeast, which is involved in protein metabolism. This prebiotic increases the level of resistance of the intestinal epithelium to toxins and pathogens.

With a deterioration in well-being and the appearance of signs similar to the symptoms of dysbacteriosis, it is best to first contact a specialist. Do not self-medicate. The doctor will conduct an examination and make an accurate diagnosis, prescribing the appropriate treatment, and will advise on the choice of means for the prevention of the disease.

Proper nutrition to replenish the concentration of bifidobacteria in the body

An increase in the concentration of beneficial bifidobacteria in the large intestine is well facilitated by a balanced and systematic diet. Many products contain bifidobacteria in their natural form, which makes the process of restoring the intestinal microflora much more pleasant than taking drugs.

If you follow a certain diet, using food products containing complexes of bifidobacteria of different strains, you can forget for many years what dysbacteriosis is.

When following a diet, you should follow a few general rules:

• exclude fast carbohydrates from the diet;
• eat several times a day (5-7 times) in small portions;
• eat foods that do not contribute to constipation;
• refuse fried and fatty foods;
• eat more vegetables and fruits rich in fiber;
• consume up to 2 liters of water daily, water is the source of life, and not a single biological process in the body can do without it.

You should diversify your diet with fermented milk products, eat sauerkraut and soaked apples, dried fruits and bran. From drinks, kvass and herbal tea are a rich source of bifidobacteria.

It is necessary to limit the appearance on the table of sugar or products with a high content of it, whole milk, fried potatoes, carbonated drinks, rich bakery products made from wheat flour, sausages, smoked meats and canned food.

To improve the process of assimilation of foods rich in bifidobacteria, it is best to eat them in the morning on an empty stomach or before bedtime.

Prevention Prevention of Bifidobacterium Deficiency

Bifidobacteria in the body does not happen much, so preventive measures should be carried out periodically. After a course of antibiotic treatment, the deficiency of beneficial microorganisms must be replenished.

A balanced diet and diet can prevent the occurrence of dysbacteriosis and its consequences. Be sure to thoroughly wash fruits and vegetables, exclude suspicious and expired foods, and refuse fast food. These measures are necessary to maintain the microflora of the body in working order.

Stress has a very detrimental effect not only on the concentration of bifidobacteria in the intestine, but also on the body as a whole. Strengthening the nervous system helps to increase the tone of the whole body and improve mood.

Human health directly depends on him. Compliance with simple rules of hygiene, proper nutrition, the use of vitamin and mineral complexes are the key to the health of the body as a whole. The failure of one system leads to the failure of the whole organism. Bifidobacteria are indispensable defenders and helpers of a person, so it is very important to monitor their condition and remember that a doctor cures diseases, but nature heals.

The main components of the intestinal microflora are lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. They belong to the group of gram-positive microorganisms. Both species are responsible for the normal intestinal microflora and maintain the constancy of the internal environment.

The lack of bacteria in the body leads to the development of intestinal diseases, in particular, dysbacteriosis and irritable bowel syndrome. Violation in the process of digestion can provoke the appearance of cancer cells. Both types of beneficial bacteria support the normal functioning of the intestines and prevent the development of severe pathologies.

Functional purpose of lactobacilli

The intestinal mucosa contains several million different microorganisms. Some of them are useful, others are dangerous. Harmful components lead to the development of general discomfort in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Lactobacilli help to maintain a balance between dangerous and beneficial bacteria and resist the negative influence of pathogenic microflora.

Lactobacilli, or lactobacilli, are oblong or oval sticks grouped together. They are present in the human body from birth and are localized in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, including the intestines and oral cavity.

The main function of lactobacilli is the conversion of lactose into lactic acid. This process stimulates the normal functioning of the digestive tract. Additional functions of microorganisms include:

• improved digestion;
• prevention of the development of pathological processes in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract;
• reducing the risk of oncology;
• stimulation of metabolic processes;
• increasing the protective functions of the body.

Most strains of lactobacilli take an active part in the process of digestion. They are able to digest heavy food of plant origin, extracting useful substances from it. Prevention of the development of pathological processes in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract is carried out by activating the production of lactic acid by bacteria. This component has an antibiotic effect, which prevents the growth of putrefactive cells.

Lactobacilli suppress the effects on the body of phenolic enzymes that are actively involved in the formation of cancer cells.

Stimulation of metabolic processes is also carried out due to the production of lactic acid. It takes an active part in the absorption of iron, calcium and vitamins by the body. Lactobacilli improve cholesterol and bilirubin metabolism. The optimal level of beneficial microorganisms improves immunity and helps prevent the development of serious diseases.

Bifidobacteria: properties and functions

Bifidobacteria belong to the group of Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria. These are curved sticks that live in the intestines of every person. They first enter the body during breastfeeding. Most of the bifidobacteria are localized in the large intestine. Microorganisms block putrefactive and pathogenic microbes.

In the process of life, bifidobacteria contribute to the formation of organic acids. They respond to the normal intestinal environment. Small components prevent the development of pathogenic and putrefactive intestinal microflora. The presence of bifidobacteria in the body, especially in childhood, helps to avoid infectious lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.

The main functions of bifidobacteria include:

• active participation in the synthesis and absorption of vitamins;
• strengthening immunity;
• decrease in acidity;
• stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria.

Without bifidobacteria, vitamins of groups B, K, folic and nicotinic acid are not absorbed. Beneficial microorganisms provide anti-anemic, anti-rachitic and anti-allergic effects.

Bifidobacteria strengthen the immune system by stimulating the lymphatic system and the synthesis of immunoglobulins. They increase the activity of lysozyme and reduce vascular permeability. This prevents the penetration of toxins and pathogens.

The decrease in acidity occurs due to the active production of acetic and lactic acid. Bifidobacteria destroy pathogenic and putrefactive microflora, activating the growth of beneficial bacteria.

Diseases in violation of the intestinal microflora

The lack of lacto- and bifidobacteria leads to the development of dangerous pathologies. The most common include:

• dysbacteriosis;
• irritable bowel syndrome;
• gastritis;
• ulcer;
• colitis.

Diseases provoked by a lack of bifido- and lactobacilli have a negative impact on the quality of human life.

The disease is characterized by a change in the qualitative or quantitative composition of the intestinal microflora. With this pathology, many components are able to move into forms and states unusual for them. The development of dysbacteriosis is due to a lack of lacto- and bifidobacteria. The process is associated with long-term use of antibacterial drugs or antibiotics. Hormonal therapy, progressive intestinal infections and pathologies of the digestive tract are capable of provoking violations.

The main manifestations of dysbacteriosis include:

• stool disorder (constipation or diarrhea, frequent change of two conditions);
• flatulence;
• bursting or pulling pain in the abdomen;
• feeling of fullness;
• nausea;
• belching
• loss of appetite.

A person becomes irritable, quickly gets tired, his performance decreases. Rashes are fixed on the skin, in the corners of the lips - seizures. Hair and nails deteriorate. The long course of the disease is accompanied by chronic skin lesions.

Causes of dysbacteriosis

irritable bowel syndrome

The reasons why this disease develops have not been identified. Most experts tend to influence the psychological state of a person. Irritable bowel syndrome is often observed in intense stressful situations against the background of a lack of bifidus and lactobacilli. The patient complains of pain in the abdomen, constipation or diarrhea, general disorders in the functioning of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a specific disease. The manifestation of symptoms and their intensity depend on the degree of exposure of the body to the negative influence of stressful situations.

Some patients report imperative urges. This is a condition in which it is urgent to visit the restroom. The person feels an irresistible urge to urinate or empty the bowels.

Gastritis of the stomach

This is an inflammatory process that covers the gastric mucosa. It develops with active reproduction in the body of pathogenic microflora. The main provocateur of the inflammatory process is the bacterium hylak pylori. It causes intense inflammation with further damage to the mucous membrane.

The patient is tormented by a lot of unpleasant symptoms: nausea, heartburn, belching, a feeling of heaviness and pain in the stomach. It is not excluded the appearance of an unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth and vomiting.

Gastric and duodenal ulcer

The disease is represented by an inflammatory process, which is accompanied by the formation of wounds on the mucous membranes of the stomach and intestines. It develops as a result of the penetration of the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori into the body. With normal intestinal microflora, the harmful component is actively suppressed. The presence of disorders in the work of the gastrointestinal tract and a deficiency of lacto- and bifidobacteria lead to severe damage to the mucous membranes.

The patient complains of nausea, heartburn and a feeling of fullness. Symptoms appear during eating or immediately after a meal. In advanced cases, vomiting is recorded. Long breaks between meals are accompanied by intense pain in the stomach.

Colitis of the intestine

This is an acute or chronic inflammatory process that covers the large intestine. It develops as a result of toxic or infectious damage to the body. The disease is a consequence of a deficiency of lacto- and bifidobacteria.

Colitis is characterized by a persistent feeling of discomfort and pain of varying intensity. Patients complain of irregular and unstable bowel movements. It is not excluded the development of false urges.

Additional symptoms include: heaviness in the abdomen, bloating and flatulence.

Products containing lacto- and bifidobacteria

To maintain normal intestinal microflora, experts recommend using drugs based on lactobacilli. The most popular drugs are:

• lactobacterin;
• acipol;
• acylact;
• trilact.

Lactobacterin is available in the form of powder and tablets. Its action is aimed at normalizing the microflora of the small intestine and oral cavity. The drug allows you to restore the level of lactobacilli in the body. It is used to treat dysbacteriosis and infectious lesions of the intestine.

Acipol acts in combination with the polysaccharide of kefir fungus. Helps in the fight against dysbacteriosis. Acylact contains acidophilic lactobacilli. Their feature is high activity in an environment with high acidity.

Trilact is produced in the form of a specialized gel based on three strains of lactobacilli. They complement each other, which makes it possible to achieve high efficiency in the treatment of intestinal diseases.

The following drugs will help replenish the supply of bifidobacteria:

• bifidoc;
• biovestin;
• bifidobacterium.

Bifidok is a specialized fermented milk drink with a high content of bifidobacteria. Daily use of the drug helps prevent the development of dysbacteriosis and strengthen the protective functions of the body.

Biovestin is a liquid drug that has an active effect when used simultaneously with antibiotics. Prevents damage to the intestinal mucosa and the spread of pathogenic microorganisms. Bifidobacterium is used to normalize stool. Produced in the form of rectal suppositories with a high content of bifidobacteria.

Medications are taken only after consulting a doctor. Self-medication is not recommended, it can cause even more harm to the body. In the absence of pathological processes, some foods will help normalize the intestinal microflora.

What to eat to stock up on beneficial bacteria

In order for the intestinal microflora to always be normal, experts recommend the use of special food groups. To replenish lactobacilli, fermented milk products are needed.

The maximum number of beneficial microorganisms is found in the following products:

• yogurt;
• kefir;
• fermented baked milk;
• soft cheeses;
• curdled milk;
• cottage cheese;
• sour cream.

A small amount of lactobacilli is part of cereals and vegetables.

Dairy products are also rich in bifidobacteria. Their high concentration is fixed in kefir. The drink allows you to cope with dysbacteriosis, inflammation in the lungs and anemia. Experts recommend daily consumption of fermented milk products, this will ensure the optimal level of lacto- and bifidobacteria, which will not allow pathogenic microflora to disrupt the smooth functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

To maintain the basic functions of the body, you need to eat right. This will ensure the normalization of metabolic processes and increase immunity. Each person should adhere to the following nutritional principles:

• regulate the caloric content of food consumed;
• correctly distribute portions by the hour;
• maintain a balance of intake of proteins, fats and carbohydrates;
• provide the body with vitamins and minerals;
• regulate the level of beneficial microorganisms.

The work of lacto- and bifidobacteria

Lacto- and bifidobacteria are the basis of the intestinal microflora. They take an active part in the processes of digestion and ensure the maintenance of immunity. To avoid violations of the microflora and the lack of beneficial bacteria, it is important to regularly consume fermented milk products.

Probiotics for the intestines are an extensive group of medicines containing strains of live bacteria that form the basis of natural. Useful bifido- and lactobacilli perform many useful functions - they destroy pathogenic microorganisms, promote the production of biotin, folic acid, vitamins, eliminate dysbacteriosis and strengthen the immune system.

Recovery of the intestines with probiotics is achieved due to the unique properties of such drugs. Their use allows you to achieve the following positive results:

• restoration of normal intestinal microflora after infections and antibiotic therapy;
• activation of the synthesis of vitamins and digestive enzymes;
• lowering the level of cholesterol in the blood;
• neutralization of toxins, allergens and inflammatory mediators;
• decrease in the pH level in the colon;
• restoration of the intestinal mucosa;
• increasing the body's resistance, strengthening the immune system.

Probiotics for the gut

On the shelves of pharmacies there is a wide selection of drugs - probiotics. Another name for such drugs is zubiotics. In their composition, in addition to lacto- and bifidobacteria, there may be aerococci, enterococci or yeast-like fungi that form the normal intestinal microflora. Probiotics are produced in a wide variety of dosage forms - in dry and liquid form, in tablets, capsules, powders for solution, intravaginal or rectal suppositories.

Currently, several generations of probiotics are being produced, designed to restore the normal intestinal microflora:

• 1st generation - monocomponent preparations, which are based on one of the strains of beneficial bacteria. Representatives - Bifidumbacterin, Lactobacterin, Colibacterin;
• 2nd generation - drugs from the group of antagonists (self-eliminating), which include yeast-like fungi and spore bacilli. These are medicines such as Sporobacterin, Bactistatin.
• 3rd generation - multicomponent products or symbiotics containing several strains of beneficial bacteria and other additives. Popular drugs - Linex, Acipol, Bifiform.
• 4th generation - combined sorbed probiotics (synbiotics) containing several types of bacteria and additional components that promote their growth, reproduction and activity. Representatives - Probifor, Bifidumbacterin Forte, Florin Forte.

Good to know!

When choosing a drug, its form of release and composition is of no small importance. If a few years ago liquid and dry forms of preparations were considered the best, today probiotics for intestinal microflora in capsules are becoming increasingly popular. They are convenient to use, they can be taken at any time, since there is no need to pre-dilute the powder in water or measure the required dose of the drug in liquid form.

When are probiotics used?

Indications for the appointment of probiotics are the following conditions:

• infectious or loose stools caused by taking antibacterial drugs;
• irritable bowel syndrome - intestinal colic, bloating, stool disorders and other dyspeptic manifestations;
• conditions after treatment of gastritis or peptic ulcer associated with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori;
• dysbacteriosis that has developed with prolonged use of antibacterial agents and other drugs;
• concomitant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, contributing to the development of dysbacteriosis.

In case of bacterial lesions of the intestine, it is recommended to take complex preparations containing lacto- and bifidobacteria (Linex, Bifidin), if acute or chronic viral pathologies are suspected, zubiotics based on lactobacilli are preferred. If there are fungal diseases of the genital organs and intestines (candidiasis), the therapy includes probiotics with bifidobacteria - Bifidumbacterin, Probiform.

The best probiotics for the intestines for children are Bifidumbacterin, Linex, Lactobacterin, Bifiform. These drugs are safe, have virtually no contraindications and do not cause adverse reactions.

Probiotics for the intestines are combined preparations - Linex, Bifidumbacterin Forte, Bifiform, Probifor, Florin Forte, which, in addition to live bifido- and lactobacteria, contain enterococci, activated charcoal, kefir fungus and other useful ingredients that help restore a healthy balance of microflora and activate motor function intestines. In addition, Duphalac, which is based on lactulose, has an excellent laxative effect.

Rules for choosing a probiotic

When choosing the best remedy from an extensive list of probiotics for the intestines, first of all, you need to pay attention to the safety of the drug. Even with prolonged use, the medication should not affect the functioning of the liver and kidneys or cause other harm to health.

It is necessary that the bacteria contained in the medication remain active - this is the main indicator of the quality of any zubiotic. Beneficial microorganisms in the composition of the medicinal product must be of natural origin, be resistant to the effects of bile and aggressive gastric juice, and also have a high ability to grow and reproduce in order to populate the intestines in a short time and eliminate the imbalance of microflora.

Reading the various names of probiotics, in a wide range of pharmacies presented on the shelves, it is easy to get confused. To help with the choice of the optimal remedy, we present to your attention an overview of the best medicines designed to combat dysbacteriosis.

Review of the best probiotics

To eliminate disorders in the digestive system, the doctor will recommend taking probiotics without fail. But, since the list of drugs in this category is very extensive, let's take a closer look at the most popular and popular remedies:

Linex. A third-generation combined remedy that leads the top positions in the ranking and has the largest number of positive reviews from patients and physicians. The active substance of the drug is libenin, which combines strains of bifido- and lacto bacteria, as well as enterococci. After ingestion, beneficial microorganisms begin to actively multiply, activating the production of B vitamins, potassium and ascorbic acid. In addition, beneficial microflora increases acidity in the intestines, which adversely affects pathogenic microorganisms, inhibiting their growth and reproduction.

Active components are involved in the production of bile acids and digestive enzymes, increase the body's resistance to adverse environmental factors and show resistance to antibiotics. The drug actively normalizes the microflora not only in the lower intestines, but also in the upper ones, which is not available to all medicines in this group. The multi-component symbiotic is suitable for almost all patients, even breast-fed infants.

This is a completely safe remedy that, when used correctly and following the recommended dosages, does not cause adverse reactions. A contraindication to its use is only hypersensitivity to any kind of bacteria that form the basis of the drug. Linex is used to prevent and treat dysbacteriosis and its complications, which are expressed by characteristic dyspeptic symptoms (increased flatulence, nausea, stool disorder, allergic reactions).

The drug is produced in the form of capsules, which greatly facilitates its use. The standard dosage for adults and older children is 6 capsules divided into three doses. For babies from birth to 2 years old, the capsule is first opened, the contents are dissolved in 1 tsp. water and give the child a drink or add the drug to the milk formula. The cost of Linex in the pharmacy chain is about 350 rubles per pack.

Bifidumbacterin

This is the second most popular probiotic, which is available in a wide variety of dosage forms - capsules, tablets, powders, in the form of a lyophizate for the preparation of a solution and suppositories. Bifidumbacterin is a representative of the first generation of probiotics, it contains only one strain of bifidobacteria. The drug is recommended for use with intestinal dysfunctions that develop as a result of dysbacteriosis, food, viral or bacterial infections, chronic inflammatory processes in the large and small intestines, as well as with early transfer of infants to artificial feeding.

When prescribing the drug, the doctor calculates the dosage individually, taking into account the severity of the condition and manifestations of dysbacteriosis. It should be borne in mind that each tablet or suppository contains 1 dose of a probiotic, and a bag of powder contains 5 doses. Thus, the standard dosage for adults is 15 doses or 3 powder sachets to be taken throughout the day.

To do this, the powder from the package is diluted in a small volume of water and immediately drunk. The probiotic should be taken orally half an hour before meals. Contraindications for use are minimal - this is hypersensitivity to the components of the drug and conditions associated with lactase intolerance. In rare cases, the medication can cause allergic reactions. The cost of Bifidumbacterin capsules - from 250 rubles, powder - from 120 rubles, candles - from 90 rubles.

The drug of the latest generation, from the class of sorption probiotics. In addition to live bifidobacteria, it contains activated charcoal, which facilitates the distribution of beneficial microorganisms over the entire surface of the intestine. The drug is produced in the form of capsules and powder for solution preparation.

This tool quickly cleanses the intestines from the waste products of pathogenic microorganisms, removes toxins and actively restores colonies of beneficial bacteria necessary for normal digestion. Live bifidobacteria destroy pathogenic microflora, and activated carbon microparticles eliminate body intoxication and restore intestinal function.

The probiotic is prescribed for dysbacteriosis and its complications (diarrhea, constipation, intoxication), used for food poisoning and intestinal infections, used for prophylactic purposes after antibiotic therapy and to eliminate allergic reactions. Bifidumbacterin Forte should not be prescribed for lactase deficiency and individual intolerance to its components. In exceptional cases, skin allergic reactions may occur during treatment with the drug.

The powder form of the drug is used at any age, even in infants, by adding a probiotic solution to breast milk or artificial mixtures. Capsules can be administered to adults and children over 3 years of age. When the powder is dissolved in water, a cloudy suspension is formed interspersed with black microparticles of activated carbon.

The solution should be drunk immediately after preparation, without waiting for the complete dissolution of small particles. For younger children, the powder can be mixed with liquid food or fermented milk products. Capsules are recommended to be taken without chewing. To facilitate administration in children, it is allowed to open the capsule shell and mix the contents with a small amount of water. The course of treatment of dysbacteriosis with this drug is 2-3 weeks. If necessary, the doctor can increase the duration of admission. The average cost of Bifidumbacterin Forte is from 150 rubles.

The first generation probiotic contains live lactobacilli, which enter the intestines and begin to produce lactic acid. Thus, a favorable environment is created for the growth and reproduction of beneficial microflora, while lactobacilli themselves neutralize a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms (E. coli, staphylococci, proteas).

The probiotic is available in vials in the form of lyophizate, intended for the preparation of a solution. Before taking the ampoule with the solution is opened, a small amount of water is added to it in accordance with the instructions. After the dry base dissolves, drink the solution immediately. Each dry lyophisate vial contains 3 or 5 doses of probiotic.

Indications for the use of Lactobacterin are intestinal infections, colitis and enteritis, dysbacteriosis and diarrhea that develops against its background. The drug is quite safe, does not cause adverse reactions, so it is used even in infants in order to eliminate disorders in the intestines. The standard regimen for an adult is 15 doses per day, that is, 1 ampoule every 4 hours.

For children, the daily dose of the drug and the mode of administration should be calculated by the attending physician. The probiotic solution must be prepared immediately before taking; it is impossible to store the already prepared composition. Another advantage of the drug is the resistance of lactobacilli to antibiotics, so Lactobacterin can be prescribed simultaneously with antibiotic therapy. The price of Lactobacterin is from 180 rubles.

Symbiotic of the 3rd generation, which includes acidophilic lactobacilli and kefir fungus. The active substances of the drug create extremely unfavorable conditions for the existence of pathogenic microorganisms, due to which it is possible to balance the balance of microflora in the intestine. Additionally, Acipol normalizes intestinal peristalsis and motor functions, activates metabolic processes and strengthens the immune system.

It is used for the prevention and treatment of dysbacteriosis, which has developed as a result of intestinal infections and the use of antibiotics, as well as to combat intoxication of the body with food allergies. This drug is often included in the scheme of complex treatment of intestinal diseases (chronic enterocolitis and colitis). Contraindications to the use of a probiotic are individual sensitivity and early childhood (up to 3 months).

Acipol is released in capsules, which are taken orally three times a day, without chewing, and washed down with a sufficient amount of water. For young children, it is recommended to open the capsule and dilute its contents in 1 tsp. milk, milk formula or water. For the purpose of prevention, the drug should be taken for 2 weeks, for the treatment of dysbacteriosis - at least 1 month. The average price of Acipol is from 320 rubles.

Probiotic of the third generation, which includes strains of bifidobacteria and enterococci. Children's forms of the drug are additionally enriched with B vitamins. Beneficial bacteria actively restore the digestive system, inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microflora. This drug has different forms of release. In addition to capsules and tablets for adults, there are children's forms of the probiotic, presented in the following varieties:

• Bifiform Malysh - powder (in a sachet) for preparing a solution with a raspberry-orange flavor;
• Bifiform Baby - oil solution;
• Bifiform Kids are yellow-white chewable tablets with a pleasant orange and raspberry flavor.

In addition to various types of beneficial bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, children's forms of preparations contain vitamins B1, B6, B12.

A probiotic is prescribed for the treatment and prevention of dysbacteriosis in adults and children, as well as for stool disorders (diarrhea, constipation) that accompany this condition. As part of complex therapy, various forms of the drug are used in the treatment of hypovitaminosis, gastroenteritis, peptic ulcer and other chronic pathologies of the digestive system.

Bifiform has no contraindications, the only restriction to its use is hypersensitivity to one of the components. Adverse reactions in the course of treatment are also not observed. The dosage of the drug and the duration of administration is determined by the attending physician. The price of Bifiform depends on the form of release and varies from 350 to 500 rubles.

A complex preparation of the latest generation, a powerful synbiotic that combines probiotics and substances that promote their growth and reproduction (prebiotics). The basis of the drug is three types of bifidobacteria, four types of lactobacilli, as well as lactococci and the prebiotic component of oligofructose. The drug is available in the form of capsules intended for the treatment of dysbacteriosis and related functional disorders, as well as conditions after prolonged antibiotic treatment.

Bacteria, which form the basis of the synbiotic, suppress the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, and oligofructose very quickly ensures the reproduction and spread of beneficial microflora. The drug is available in capsules. The standard dosage for adults is 1 capsule per day, after dinner. The course of treatment is 1 month. Adolescents under 14 can take the drug only as prescribed by a doctor and in the dosage indicated by him. Among the contraindications for use are hypersensitivity to the components and children's age. The average cost of Maksilak is from 420 rubles.

Probifor

This probiotic is a new word in medicine, as it is able to cope with food poisoning and acute intestinal infections on its own (without the use of antibiotics). Contains concentrated bifidobacteria adsorbed on activated carbon and lactose.

Due to its composition, Probifor is able to quickly destroy the pathogen, stop diarrhea, relieve symptoms of intoxication and restore the structure of the intestinal mucosa. The drug is quite safe, practically does not cause adverse reactions and is recommended for use by adults and children (including premature and infants).