Bedsores - causes, stages, treatment and prevention. Bedsores in the elderly: signs of manifestation and countermeasures What to do with bedsores

In order to understand the best way to treat bedsores, you need to have an idea of ​​the causes of this problem. What causes damage to the skin and underlying tissues in bedridden patients?

Reasons for the development of bedsores

The key factor is pressure of the hard surface on which the patient is located on protruding areas of the body. Most often, injuries occur in areas such as the sacrum, thoracic spine, shoulder blades, back of the head, heels (in situations where a person lies on his back) - it is in these areas between the bone tissue and skin that there is a very small layer of muscle and fatty tissue.

When the patient lies on his side, the greatest pressure falls on the area of ​​the greater trochanter of the femur, the ilium. In the prone position, the tissues in the areas of the protruding iliac bones and chest are damaged. In sedentary patients, the risk of injury is higher in the area of ​​the ischial tuberosities, sacrum, heels, fingers, feet, and shoulder blades.

Why does pressure cause damage to tissue?

• Blood vessels are compressed, ensuring the delivery of oxygen and nutritional components to skin and muscle cells. Oxygen starvation (hypoxia) and nutritional deficiency lead to inhibition of cell activity and its death;
• Nerve fibers are compressed, regulating metabolism in tissues: which, in turn, negatively affects cell viability
• Lymphatic vessels are compressed, responsible for removing cell waste products from the intercellular space, waste and poisons begin to accumulate, reducing the viability of cells and leading to their death as a result of poisoning. The lymphatic system is also responsible for the removal (disposal) of dead cells: compression of the lymphatic vessels leads to the accumulation of dead cells in the tissues - and this creates favorable conditions for the development of infection

Stages and types of bedsores

In the process of caring for a bedridden patient, it is very important to know what types and stages of damage there are when it comes to such a problem as bedsores in bedridden patients, and the question arises - how to treat it at home? In the photo you can see what bedsores look like in various stages.

There are four stages of development of pressure ulcers:

It is very important to notice the first signs of damage development in time, best when they are still reversible. In a situation such as bedsores, the initial stage, minimal treatment is required. The photo shows that there is no damage to the skin yet, and it is enough to eliminate the harmful factors to stop the dangerous process.

Bedsores are also divided into exogenous - caused primarily by external factors, endogenous - their occurrence is associated primarily with disorders within the body, and mixed - appear under the influence of both external and internal factors.

Endogenous bedsores very often occur in patients with disorders of the nervous system (traumas and tumors of the brain and spinal cord, cerebral hemorrhages), as well as with metabolic disorders (for example, diabetes mellitus). In this case, disorders of the nervous regulation of metabolic processes in tissues occur, so the development of damage often occurs from the inside out: that is, damage to muscle tissue develops first, and only then signs on the skin become noticeable.

When it comes to a problem such as bedsores, treatment at home should be comprehensive and include the following areas:

• Measures to eliminate the factors that caused the development of bedsores,– pressure, friction, displacement, excessive moisture;
• Local treatment, which (depending on the stage) can be aimed at improving blood circulation in the affected area, eliminating irritation, fighting infection using local remedies, accelerating healing processes, etc.
• Taking general and systemic drugs(orally, intramuscularly, intravenously), aimed at fighting infection, improving metabolic processes, blood circulation, etc.
• Treatment of the underlying disease, which led to limited mobility and caused the development of bedsores (especially important in the case of endogenous bedsores resulting from internal disorders).

In general, treatment tactics are determined by the stage of the process and the depth of tissue damage, as well as the presence of infectious complications.

Measures to eliminate the factors that led to the development of bedsores

How to reduce pressure on tissue to avoid cell death (in the initial stage) and prevent the spread of necrosis to deeper tissues? To solve this problem, the following measures are proposed:

• regular changes in the patient’s body position;
• use of special circles and pillows;
• use of anti-decubitus mattresses.

Changing body position

Regularly changing the body position of a bedridden patient can reduce the load on areas subject to the greatest pressure. This makes it possible not only to avoid progression of the process with existing bedsores, but also to prevent the occurrence of new damage.

The Protocol for the management of patients with pressure ulcers (recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for the treatment and prevention of pressure ulcers) states that in areas of increased risk of developing injuries (which we discussed above) changes in tissues leading to cell death can begin after just two hours of continuous pressure. This is especially true for patients with injuries and diseases of the nervous system, metabolic and vascular disorders. Because in such situations, the effect of an external factor (pressure) is aggravated by the influence of internal factors (tissue nutritional disorders).

That is why it is recommended to change the body position of a lying patient at least every two hours throughout the day (including night time). There are several special positions that minimize pressure on tissue in risk areas: the Sims position, the side-lying position, the prone position, and the Fowler position. Certain techniques have been developed for moving a bedridden patient to each of these positions:

Move to Sims position

Moving to the side-lying position

Moving to the “Lying on your stomach” position

Placement in Fowler's position

This position allows the recumbent patient to be in a semi-sitting position, which makes breathing, eating, communication easier and is psychologically comfortable for him. To place the patient in this position, a bed with a raised head end (functional bed) is best suited, but special pillows can be used.

1. The patient is moved to the supine position: you can choose a position at an angle of 45 (low Fowler position) or 60 (high Fowler position) degrees;
2. Pillows are placed under the patient’s head, lower back, elbows, hips, and lower third of the leg.
3. A support is placed under the patient’s feet to prevent the patient from sliding, which leads to tissue displacement in the sacral area.

With each movement, it is recommended to examine the patient’s body both in the area of ​​existing bedsores (to assess their condition) and in areas where there is a risk of new injuries. The video will help you get acquainted with the algorithm of actions when changing positions of a bedridden patient:

It is most convenient to carry out manipulations to change the body of a patient located on a functional bed specially adapted for the care of patients with limited mobility.

Purchasing a functional bed for caring for a bedridden patient at home seems especially appropriate when it comes to patients bedridden for a long time (months and years). When placing a patient on a regular bed, a number of conditions must be met.

The Protocol for the care of patients with pressure ulcers indicates inadmissibility of placing the patient on a bed with armored mesh or a mattress that causes areas of the patient’s body to “sag” (which impairs blood circulation), making it more difficult to care for the patient, change body position, etc. It is also important that the bed is not too low: it is optimal if the patient is at the level of the middle thighs of the person performing care. A position that is too low makes manipulation difficult and can lead to errors in care.

Using special pillows

A pillow and a circle for bedsores are devices that help reduce pressure on tissues in areas of increased risk of developing damage, avoiding friction and tissue displacement. In addition, they create a more comfortable bedside environment for patients with limited mobility.

We have already mentioned how pillows are used for bedridden patients against bedsores in different positions of the patient in bed. Now let’s take a closer look at the types of pillows and circles, talk about which products are best to choose and how you can make such devices with your own hands.

Pillows differ in shape, material from which the surface is made, and also filling. What types of pillow shapes are there?

Surface of pillows It can be flat (smooth) or have a certain relief - rough, cellular, etc. In the second case, in addition to the effect of reducing pressure on the area of ​​​​the bedsore (or the place of its potential development), the blood supply in the risk zone is stimulated: a kind of micro-massage is performed.

Types of fillings for pillows: foam rubber, latex, gel, foam (polyurethane foam). Can also be used as a filler air(inflatable pillows). When using them, you can control the amount of injected air, and, therefore, the degree of elasticity. Such pillows can consist of one section or of many cells connected to each other. In the second case, air flows from one cell to another, which creates opportunities for uniform pressure distribution.

On the Internet you can find information about the use of such fillers as millet, flax, buckwheat, etc. in pillows. For example, it is believed that they can be used to make such a device as a bedsore pillow with your own hands. However, unlike gel, foam, latex and other fillers, which have the ability to reduce and redistribute pressure and take the shape of the patient’s body, fillers made from cereals and seeds are very hard and do not adapt to the contours of the patient’s body. As a result, their use may increase pressure in risk areas, increasing the risk of injury.

Bedsore circles can also be used to relieve pressure - the photo shows that they come in different sizes. Circles with a diameter of up to 30 centimeters are intended for placing under the head, elbows, shins, and heels. To prevent damage to the buttocks and tailbone area, a circle with a diameter of 40 cm is suitable. Circles with a larger diameter are intended for use in obese patients.

Bedsore pads are made of rubber; air is used as a filler, and less often, water. It is recommended to place them in a pillowcase or under a sheet before use to avoid irritation where the skin comes into contact with the rubber.

Sometimes relatives caring for a bedridden patient ask the question - how to make a circle for bedsores with your own hands? In reality, it is quite difficult to make a rubber circle yourself. It is not advisable to use gauze or fabric to make it (such recommendations can be found on the Internet), since these dense materials can increase pressure at the points of contact with the skin and lead to new damage.

Anti-bedsore mattresses for bedridden patients

An anti-bedsore mattress is considered an effective means of preventing and treating tissue damage in bedridden patients. There are different types of mattresses, the choice depends on the degree of tissue damage, the severity of the patient’s condition, his weight, etc.

For example, you can use foam mattresses, the recommended thickness is 10 cm. A foam mattress is one of the so-called static mattresses for bedsores. They contribute to the uniform distribution of the patient’s body pressure over the surface, but do not have a noticeable additional effect on the tissues. Modern materials for the manufacture of static mattresses use the same materials as for pillows - foam, gel, latex.

It is considered more effective to use the so-called dynamic mattresses– their use is recommended for patients with existing bedsores, a high risk of their development, for patients whose mobility is limited for a long time. Such mattresses not only help to evenly distribute body pressure, but also provide a constant additional massage effect on the tissue.

The filler for dynamic mattresses is air - it is pumped into them using a special compressor, which is attached to the mattress. The amount of air depends on the patient’s body weight - the heavier the patient, the less air should enter the mattress, otherwise elasticity will decrease, air will not be able to move freely through the compartments, and pressure on the tissue will increase. Dynamic mattresses are not placed directly on the bed, but are placed on top of the main mattress.

There are two types of dynamic mattresses: cellular and balloon. Cellular mattress against bedsores consists of many small compartments - cells, between which air can move freely. This mattress is a suitable option for patients who are not obese and with minor tissue damage (stage 1-2).

In balloon (or tubular) mattresses air is pumped into cylinders (sections) located transversely to the patient’s body. There is an alternating change in pressure in each section, which provides a massage effect and improves blood circulation in the tissues. Balloon mattresses are suitable for patients with a large body weight (as a rule, the maximum weight of a patient for whom a mattress can be designed is indicated in its characteristics), as well as with stage 3-4 bedsores.

Reduce friction– an important task when caring for patients with pressure ulcers. In order to avoid additional tissue injury, it is necessary:

• Correctly change bed linen (do not pull the sheet from under the patient, but lift him above the bed or roll the patient onto a clean sheet);
• Avoid friction when performing hygiene procedures, do not use bar soap, replacing it with liquid products. At the end of the procedures, dry the patient's skin by blotting.
• Regularly inspect the patient's bed, eliminate folds in bed linen, crumbs and other foreign objects.
• Ensure that the patient’s clothing is free of buttons and rough seams. which can injure the skin.

Measures for eliminating excess humidity, which also increases the risk of developing pressure ulcers, should include:

• Usage bed and underwear made of cotton fabrics ensuring sufficient gas exchange. Underwear made from synthetic fabrics increases sweating and increases skin moisture;
• Usage disposable diapers with urinary and/or fecal incontinence. Diapers must be changed every four hours (regardless of the frequency of urination), as well as immediately after bowel movements (bowel movements), followed by hygiene measures;
• Maintaining the room where the patient is located optimal microenvironment– the air temperature should not exceed 18-20 degrees Celsius, because the patient's stay in a hot room promotes sweating and increases skin moisture.

How are bedsores treated in bedridden patients at home? The choice of agents that have a local effect on the affected area depends on the stage of the process, the depth and extent of necrosis (the area of ​​cell death), as well as the presence of purulent complications.

So, if we are talking about a problem such as bedsores (stage 1), treatment should be based, first of all, on eliminating the factors that caused the damage: measures related to reducing pressure, humidity, and friction have already been mentioned earlier. Since at the initial stage the integrity of the skin is not compromised (the vital activity of cells is inhibited, but death has not yet occurred), the risk of developing infectious complications is low, the use of healing agents and topical antibiotics will not be relevant. To achieve a favorable result - preventing cell death - the use of drugs that activate blood circulation in the damaged area will help.

When cell death occurs (necrotic changes) and there is a violation of the integrity of the skin (stage 2 bedsores), treatment should include topical drugs that stimulate tissue repair (regeneration), anti-inflammatory drugs, local antibiotics, etc.

It is important to remember that before using this or that medicine for bedsores for bedridden patients, you must consult with your doctor.

The table below presents various drugs for bedsores for bedridden patients (local action) and also indicates the goals to be achieved by the use of these drugs. The information provided corresponds to the recommendations of Dr. med. Professor M.D. Dibirov (Department of Surgical Diseases and Clinical Angiology of A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State Medical University).

Also, one of the tasks that the treatment of necrosis of the skin and soft tissues with medications should be aimed at is the elimination of excess fluid that forms as a result of inflammation in the pressure wound. For this purpose, ointments containing zinc can be prescribed. These agents help reduce inflammatory manifestations, “dry” the wound, and have some antimicrobial effects.

In the work “Bedsores. Prevention and treatment” Professor M.D. Dibirov points out that already in the early stages of development of the injury, it is necessary to clean the injury site daily (wash the area where the bedsore occurs) in order to reduce the risk of infection. However, for these purposes It is not recommended to use products containing iodine and chlorine(including alcohol solution of iodine, chlorhexidine, etc.).

This is due to the fact that these drugs act aggressively, disrupt the permeability of cell membranes, exacerbating metabolic disorders, and can also destroy immune cells that have migrated into the wound to destroy foreign microbes. According to the professor, it is recommended to use ordinary saline solution to treat the wound (it can be prepared at home: 1 tsp of salt per 1 liter of water). After finishing the treatment, the damaged area must be thoroughly dried (by blotting, without rubbing).

Dressings for bedsores

Also Professor M.D. Dibirov believes that for a problem such as bedsores (initial stage), it is recommended to include the use of bandages in treatment. For minor damage, the best option is polyurethane film dressings, which have a “second skin” effect: they do not block air access to the affected area and do not prevent the evaporation of moisture from the surface of the skin. At the same time, such dressings provide protection from mechanical damage and from external pathogens. They are transparent, which makes it possible to observe changes in the damaged area without injuring the wound.

Dressings are effective remedies for bedsores at home, especially those that, in addition to the main effect (protection from damage and infection), have additional healing properties - the so-called interactive dressings.

When deciding how to treat bedsores at home using bandages, you must remember that the use of traditional dressings (gauze, bandages) is not recommended, as they can increase skin damage due to friction. They have the ability to “stick” to the wound, which will lead to additional injury during dressing.

In addition to the use of local remedies, the attending physician may prescribe one or another medicine for bedsores at home, which has a general effect on the body. First of all, we are talking about drugs whose action is aimed at treating the underlying disease. This is especially true for situations where the occurrence of damage to the skin and underlying tissues is caused not only by external, but also by internal factors, which were mentioned above.

Drugs that improve metabolic processes in nervous and muscle tissue, stimulate blood supply, and vitamin complexes may be prescribed. The use of B vitamins, as well as ascorbic acid - vitamin C, is especially important.

It is also important to understand that pressure wounds are an entry point for pathogenic microbes. If an infection occurs, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics for bedsores orally (orally, intramuscularly, intravenously) along with local antibacterial agents.

It is necessary to remember that with a problem such as purulent bedsores, treatment at home may be unsafe. Many bedridden patients have a weakened immune system, so the infection quickly spreads to surrounding tissues, leading to inflammation in other organs. In addition, there is a high risk of developing sepsis (blood poisoning) - a deadly complication!

Therefore, only the attending physician can correctly determine the tactics for managing a patient with bedsores in the event of a soft tissue infection: antibiotics (for local and general treatment), hospitalization of the patient, surgical intervention - the sooner adequate measures are taken to treat infectious complications, the higher the likelihood of a favorable outcome .

When answering the question “how to cure bedsores in a bedridden patient at home,” it is necessary to remember the role of good nutrition as an important condition for solving this problem. Thus, for the restoration processes (regeneration) of tissues to occur in the damaged area, that is, the construction of new cells, a sufficient amount of protein must be supplied to the body.

In addition, people forced to lead a sedentary lifestyle develop muscle atrophy - a decrease in the mass and volume of muscle tissue, which leads to a further decrease in overall tone, progression of microvibration deficiency, etc. Protein foods will provide the body with the building materials necessary for tissue repair.

According to the Protocol for the management of patients with pressure ulcers, the diet of a patient with limited mobility should include at least 120 g of protein daily, which can be obtained from both animal (meat, fish, poultry, milk and dairy products) and plant (nuts, legumes, etc.) products.

It is also important that the diet is rich in vitamins, primarily vitamin C, which is necessary for the full functioning of the immune system (which is important for the prevention of infectious complications). Recommendations for the management of patients with pressure ulcers indicate that The daily dosage of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) should be 500-1000 mg. The following foods are richest in this vitamin:

• Rosehip (1000 mg/100 g)
• Sweet pepper (250 mg/100g.)
• Sea buckthorn (200 mg/100g)
• Blackcurrant (200 mg/100g.)
• Kiwi (180 mg/100g)
• Brussels sprouts (100 mg/100g.)

Massage for bedsores

In the television program of the famous doctor Elena Malysheva, massage is considered as a means of preventing the occurrence of bedsores. This measure is also relevant for patients with existing injuries, since the presence of a lesion in one area leads to an even greater limitation of mobility and contributes to the development of new lesions of the skin and soft tissues. To stimulate blood circulation, it is recommended to rub the patient’s body daily with a hand in a special mitten on which camphor alcohol (10%) is applied.

The Protocol for the Management of Patients with Pressure Ulcers also considers massage as a preventative measure for the development of new lesions. However, it is indicated that massage cannot be performed in the area of ​​​​bone protrusions; it is necessary to limit massage movements around these areas. Also, under no circumstances should massage be performed in areas where there are already violations of the integrity of the skin and underlying tissues.

The effectiveness of using vibroacoustic therapy is associated with its ability to increase the overall microvibration background in the body. A patient forced to lead a sedentary lifestyle suffers from a severe deficiency of microvibration of muscle cells associated with lack of movement, which leads to disorders in all organs and tissues. Vibroacoustic therapy is a unique opportunity to saturate the body with the most valuable resource when there is a lack of movement.

What problems can be solved using Vitafon devices for patients with limited mobility?

• Improve blood circulation all areas of the body, including the skin and muscles in the area where bedsores develop. At the same time, metabolic processes in tissues are activated, cell nutrition and oxygen supply are improved, which reduces the risk of their death;
• Stimulate the processes of removal (disposal) of dead and damaged cells, which are the environment for the development of infection, from the necrosis zone. This reduces the risk of purulent complications and creates conditions for tissue renewal (regeneration) in the bedsore area;
• Remove poisons and toxins from the body, formed as a result of the death and decay of cells and pathogenic microbes, which has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the whole organism;
• Activate general and local immunity by improving the functioning of the lymphatic system, which also reduces the likelihood of infectious complications in patients with bedsores;
• Increase the overall microvibration background of the body, which will have a beneficial effect on the course of the underlying disease, prevent further decrease in the volume of muscle tissue, and increase the overall tone of the body.

The optimal solution for a bedridden patient would be to use a vibroacoustic mattress (composed of ). The 8 vibraphones included in its composition provide a simultaneous impact on the area of ​​​​bedsores and surrounding tissues. The device can operate in automatic mode for up to 14 hours, providing the body with continuous and dosed exposure - automatic activation occurs for 3 minutes every 24 minutes.

Thus, in order to understand how to treat bedsores in bedridden patients at home, it is necessary to know the causes of the development of these injuries and understand the features of caring for patients with limited mobility.

The main task is to notice in time the first signs of the development of damage to the skin and underlying tissues and take the necessary measures to prevent further development of the process and the occurrence of dangerous complications. Stage 1 and 2 pressure ulcers are characterized by minimal tissue changes, which are quite easy to deal with. It is enough to carry out a number of activities, including:

• Proper care, which involves eliminating the causes of bedsores: regularly changing the patient’s position in bed, timely toileting of the skin, etc.
• The use of special means to help prevent the development of bedsores: mattresses, pillows, circles.
• Vibroacoustic therapy() for resource support of the body.
• Proper nutrition (enough protein and vitamins)
• Regular massage.
• Local treatment is the use of drugs with antibacterial, healing properties, etc., as well as special dressings.
• Taking general medications, including (if necessary), antibiotics as prescribed by a doctor.

At the same time, treatment of grade 3 bedsores, in which there is muscle damage, as well as grade 4, affecting the deep layers of tissue down to the bone, while the patient is at home, can be quite difficult and not give the desired effect. This is associated with a high risk of infectious complications, including the development of sepsis (blood poisoning). In order to promptly detect danger and take the necessary measures, such a patient must be constantly under the supervision of a doctor.

Therefore, if the process has gone far, you should not think about how to treat deep bedsores at home, but you need to contact your doctor as soon as possible, who can decide whether to hospitalize the patient. The presence of extensive and deep wounds (stage 3-4) is often an indication for surgery: the surgeon removes dead areas of skin, muscles, bones, and fills the resulting defect with tissue (flaps of skin, connective tissue and muscles), which are taken from other parts of the patient’s body .

It is especially important to take timely measures when it comes to patients with damage to the nervous system, metabolic and vascular disorders. In such cases, complications can develop quite quickly. Therefore, if, despite treatment at home, healing does not occur and the process continues to progress, you need to seek help!

How to cure bedsores at home? It will help to achieve a positive effect in the treatment of skin and soft tissue lesions in bedridden patients. vibroacoustic therapy. Application allows you to have a local effect on the affected area, preventing the aggravation of the process and the addition of infectious complications. Also, saturating the body with healing energy helps cleanse the body of dead cells, toxins and poisons, improves blood circulation and metabolic processes in tissues, strengthens the immune system and gives strength to fight both the underlying diseases and the changes underlying the development of bedsores.

List of used literature:

1. Baskov A.V. Features of surgical treatment of bedsores of different localization / Research Institute of Neurosurgery named after. Academician N.N. Burdenko, M, 2002
2. Dibirov M.D. Bedsores. Prevention and treatment / Medical Council, No. 5-6, 2013.
3. Vorobiev A.A. Treatment of bedsores in spinal patients / Bulletin of the Volgograd Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. – 2007 – No. 2.
4. Klimiashvili A.D. Prevention and treatment of bedsores / Russian Medical Journal. – 2004 – T. 12, No. 12.
5. / “Doctor” No. 7 / 2014
6. Patient management protocol. Bedsores. /Appendix to the order of the Ministry of Health of Russia dated April 17, 2002, No. 123.
7. Fedorov V.A., Kovelenov A.Yu., Loginov G.N. and others / St. Petersburg: SpetsLit, 2012.

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Seriously ill people who are forced to lie down for a long time often suffer from bedsores. Bedsores are damage to skin tissue in places where the human body is constantly in contact with the bed. Why is this happening? The blood vessels that are located on human skin are very elastic. And if you squeeze them for a long time, without changing their position, a sufficient amount of blood does not get into them. As a result, they starve and gradually die off. The skin loses sensitivity and bedsores form. The patient's condition is aggravated by the fact that bedsores can not only hurt, but also itch. There are several stages in the development of this disease.

1. The first stage is the beginning of the development of bedsores. At this stage, the skin changes color - it may become red or bluish, and swelling appears. In some places, the integrity of the skin may begin to deteriorate. If you press on the places of bedsores, the blood flows away from the place of pressure, and then does not return to its previous state or this happens for a very long time. Healthy blood circulation in the affected areas is disrupted.
2. At the second stage of development of bedsores, sores, blisters, abrasions, ulcers, and open wounds appear. Bedsores may ooze blood or ichor.
3. The third stage is very dangerous, because at this stage the tissues completely die - they are no longer able to recover. At the third stage, the ulcers become very deep and the wounds do not heal. Sometimes not only skin tissue, but also muscle tissue is destroyed. Bedsores may turn black and dark blue.
4. The fourth and final stage is characterized by severe destruction of skin, muscle and bone tissue.

Caring for a bedridden patient

To get rid of bedsores and prevent their reappearance, you need to properly care for a bedridden patient. 90% of success in the fight against bedsores depends on this. After all, bedsores are sometimes called the disease of unkempt patients. So, to maintain patient hygiene, the following rules must be followed.

1. To avoid bedsores, you need to change the patient's position several times a day if this does not cause discomfort for him. Place the patient on his stomach, then on each side. Let him lie in this position for several minutes. Change the patient's position at least every couple of hours.
2. From time to time, rub the places that are most susceptible to the appearance of bedsores - the back of the head, elbows, tailbone, buttocks, back, heels. This will improve blood circulation in the designated areas.
3. If the patient's condition allows, regularly imitate the movement - lift his arms and legs, doing light gymnastics.
4. Change bedding as often as possible - at least once every 5 days. If there are open sores on the body, underwear should be changed daily to prevent the wound from becoming infected. Every day you need to shake the sheet so that there are no crumbs or other small debris on it. When you make your bed, there should be no folds, bumps or buttons on it. Hard and rough seams on bed linen are also not allowed.
5. Prevention of bedsores is taking daily air baths. Expose those areas where bedsores may appear and leave them open for half an hour. And if you expose them to the sun's rays, it will be even better. After all, ultraviolet light improves blood circulation.
6. If bedsores already exist, they cannot be massaged. It is better to knead the skin around the lesion to prevent bedsores from spreading.
7. Today, there are special anti-decubitus mattresses on sale that take the anatomical shape of a person and do not put pressure on the skin.
8. If a seriously ill person cannot move and cannot be turned over, an inflatable rubber ring needs to be placed under his buttocks from time to time. It should lie in such a way that the tailbone and butt are in the hole of the circle. To prevent the skin from burning from the rubber structure of the circle, you just need to place it in a pillowcase or first cover it with a cotton cloth.
9. Quartzizing the affected areas of skin tissue with a special lamp helps very well. We wrote about how to use a quartz lamp correctly.
10. Hygiene of the whole body is very important. Wipe the patient's skin daily with soapy water and rinse thoroughly with clean water. After this, you need to wipe the patient with an alcohol-containing composition. Pay attention to all folds - under the arms, in the groin area, under the knees, in the neck, and in women - under the breasts. Careful and regular treatment will help prevent diaper rash.
11. If bedsores become red and inflamed, if there is pain and detachable pieces of skin tissue, if you feel an unpleasant odor, most likely the wound has become infected. In this case, you need to treat the ulcers with antiseptic drugs and take antibiotics.
12. Do not smear bedsores with thick, heavy ointments or bandage them with thick cloth. This blocks the flow of air to the wound and leads to the progression of the disease.
13. The patient's skin should not be wet. It does not need to be rubbed vigorously; movements with the sponge should be soft and careful. The water should not be wiped off, but blotted. In addition, make sure that the patient’s skin is not dry. Soften it in time with baby cream.
14. If your skin is prone to moisture, use baby powder or talcum powder.
15. The risk of developing bedsores increases if the patient has diabetes or obesity. By the way, men develop bedsores much more often.
16. The situation becomes aggravated if the patient has fecal or urinary incontinence. In this case, you need to change the adult diaper often, and regular perineal toileting is required.

Drug treatment of bedsores

Modern treatment for pressure ulcers involves stopping the progression of the disease and healing existing wounds. For bedsores, first of all, you need to wipe the affected areas with antiseptic solutions. This could be hydrogen peroxide or alcohol. Camphor alcohol helps very well. It disinfects the surface and improves blood circulation.

Dead tissue cannot be restored, so you need to get rid of it in a less painful way. In advanced cases, they resort to surgery; for small affected areas, Iruksol ointment is used. It promotes the rejection of necrotic tissue and wound healing.

Along with this, the patient is prescribed drugs that improve local blood flow, for example, Actovegin. The patient is also prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs that will help prevent the development of microorganisms in the wound. Solcoseryl gel helps heal open ulcers. Xeroform powder is also very effective against bedsores. Physiological methods are also used for treatment - electrophoresis and Darsonval perfectly improve blood circulation.

You can also use special fabric bandages. They are impregnated with an antibacterial composition and allow air to pass through to the wound.

Folk remedies against bedsores

I would like to note that treatment of bedsores at home is acceptable at the first stage and as a preventive measure. Advanced cases are best treated under medical supervision.

1. Calendula is an effective and safe antibacterial agent. Two tablespoons of a dry or green plant should be poured with a liter of boiling water. Leave the broth to steep for several hours. Strain and use when washing ulcers.
2. You can also treat bedsores with alcohol tinctures. Pour a tablespoon of birch buds with a glass of alcohol or vodka and let it brew for several days in a cool, dark place. Then strain and dilute half and half with water. Wipe the areas affected by bedsores twice a day.
3. If you wipe the patient with mouthwash every day during hygiene procedures, you can protect the person from the appearance of diaper rash and bedsores on the body.
4. Rosehip oil – disinfects the surface, improves bleeding, softens the skin.
5. Wheat poultice is good for bedsores. Pour a glass of wheat into a liter of boiling water, cover the pan with a towel and leave the millet to swell. When the cereal softens and absorbs water, the mixture must be strained. Place the pulp in a linen bag and place it under the bedsores. You need to keep it for about 20 minutes until the mass cools down.
6. Black elderberry leaves have a pronounced antibacterial effect. Dried leaves should be evaporated in milk and applied to the affected areas of the skin.
7. Recipe for folk ointment for bedsores. Place a few pieces of butter in the pan. Fry a finely chopped onion in oil. Melt a candle in a separate bowl. Mix onion, oil and wax. This ointment should be applied to bedsores several times a day. Store the prepared product in the refrigerator.
8. In villages, a special mattress stuffed with straw helped against bedsores. It took the shape of the human body, did not press and was not rigid. In addition, straw perfectly allows oxygen to pass through. It is best to use oat straw.
9. Mix vodka and shampoo in equal proportions and wipe the bedsores with it. This is a very good and effective remedy.
10. Lungwort leaves are an excellent preventative against bedsores. Apply the freshly squeezed juice of these leaves to your skin several times a day.
11. Several Kalanchoe leaves need to be cut lengthwise to maximize the cut surface area. Apply the cut section of the sheet to the bedsore and leave overnight. The plant disinfects and heals wounds well.
12. Raw potatoes should be grated and mixed in equal quantities with fresh natural honey. Apply this mixture to the wound for several hours. Honey is a natural antiseptic, and potatoes, thanks to their starch, dry wounds well.

That is why bedsores need to be treated in time, and even better, prevention. A person who cannot move, who is tied to a hospital bed, may develop bedsores within a couple of weeks. Therefore, it is very important to monitor his hygiene, carefully care for the patient’s skin and toilet. In addition to hygiene, you need to maintain a drinking regime so that the skin is sufficiently elastic. Care and perseverance in care, compliance with all the rules and instructions of the doctor can save a person from bedsores and get him back on his feet.

Video: prevention of bedsores in a patient with a stroke

Bedsores often form in bedridden patients. Folk remedies for bedsores for bedridden patients will help get rid of them.

Bedsores occur due to the fact that in bedridden patients, blood vessels are compressed under the weight of their body. The blood stops circulating normally, which leads to tissue death, and a hole initially forms on the body. Over time, the pits begin to progress and turn into deep bedsores. They may not be noticeable until they reach the top layer of skin.

The reason for the formation of bedsores in a bedridden patient is not only poor care, but also a significant decrease in the immune system, drying out of muscle tissue and excess body weight. To prevent their progression, it is necessary to regularly examine the patient's body. Treating bedsores at home is much more effective and easier in the early stages.

Those areas of the body that rub heavily against linen and rest on the bed are most susceptible to developing bedsores. Symptoms may include characteristic redness, swelling, blistering, and specific areas of the skin that appear pale. Bedsores must be treated promptly, otherwise severe complications such as sepsis or gangrene may occur.

Treatment of bedsores with folk remedies

Traditional medicine in the treatment of bedsores is no less effective than a special preparation in the form of an ointment, which is sold in pharmacies. In addition, at home you can prepare not only healing ointment, but also special lotions, infusions and powders. These remedies will not only help get rid of bedsores, but will also alleviate the general condition, restore normal blood circulation in injured areas and serve as an excellent prevention of the formation of new wounds in the future.

To combat deep neglected wounds, infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs (for external and internal use), as well as ointments, will be most effective. Special compresses will help relieve pain, and rubbing the affected areas on the body with natural oils will help restore blood flow.

Homemade ointments to combat bedsores

To prepare a healing ointment that will help fight bedsores, you will need to melt beeswax along with vegetable oil. In order for the wax and oil to melt thoroughly, you need to pour it into a container and, putting it on low heat, bring everything to a boil. Then, stirring, wait until it melts completely.

To get rid of bedsores, you can use the following ointment recipe: melt one part of spruce resin in a water bath and add 2 parts of any vegetable oil and beeswax to it. The resulting mixture must be boiled over low heat. After removing the product from the heat, you need to let it cool and lubricate the wet wounds. Homemade ointment should only be stored in the refrigerator.

To treat abscesses and bedsores, an ointment based on oak bark and black poplar buds is used. To prepare it, you will need to take 2 parts natural butter, 1 part oak bark and 7 parts poplar buds. Everything needs to be thoroughly mixed and placed in a dark place for half a day. After the prescribed period, the mixture must be boiled and the finished ointment squeezed out.

This ointment (it must be warm) should be applied to wounds 2 times a day.

An ointment based on beeswax and onion bottom can fight not only bedsores, but also burns and boils. For 0.5 liters of vegetable oil (unrefined), you will need approximately 10 donuts in husks, a little wax and 50 g of spruce resin. All ingredients need to be melted in an enamel container and placed on low heat for an hour. After the mixture has cooled, it must be strained using gauze and poured into several miniature jars. As soon as the ointment has completely hardened, it can be used for its intended purpose. This ointment is stored in the refrigerator.

For another equally effective homemade ointment recipe, you will need 30 g of almond oil and onion juice. The resulting solution should be applied to the bedsores several times a day.

Purulent bedsores can be treated with tea tree oil or a mixture of petroleum jelly and calendula. To prepare the ointment, you need to take 5 parts of Vaseline and add 1 part of dried medicinal calendula flowers to it. The resulting ointment can also be used in the further prevention of bedsores.

Lotions and compresses to get rid of bedsores

Bedsores often cause characteristic weeping wounds. Starch will help dry them. It can easily replace regular powder and will not create a hard crust over a large area of ​​skin. In this case, the wounds will “breathe” under the crust that has formed and will heal much faster.

Lotions for the treatment of bedsores must be done in courses, between which you need to take a break of at least 7 days. Alcohol tinctures can be used as lotions. They can be used no more than 15 minutes a day, otherwise additional damage may occur on already damaged skin.

You can use a product based on oak bark, dried black elderberry and birch leaves for lotions. It is necessary to brew 3 tbsp in 500 ml of boiling water. l. this herbal mixture and let it stand for 180 minutes. After the allotted time has passed, the product must be filtered and left for another half a day. As soon as the product has infused, you need to moisten a cotton handkerchief in it, and then apply it to the wound, leaving it overnight.

Inflamed areas near wounds can be treated with tincture of calendula flowers. For bedsores that do not heal for quite a long time, it is advisable to apply calendula leaves.

Milk and elderberry leaves will serve as the basis for making an anti-inflammatory lotion. The leaves need to be washed and brewed with hot milk, then squeezed and applied to the wounds immediately after waking up and before going to bed.

Sea buckthorn oil can also make the wound healing process more effective. To relieve swelling and eliminate suppuration, you can use aloe leaves. They need to be chopped and the lotion applied to the wounds, leaving it overnight.

Inflamed areas on the skin will heal much faster if you use Kalanchoe lotions. Large leaves of the medicinal plant must be cut with a knife and applied to the injured areas.

Preventing the recurrence of bedsores

To prevent the reappearance of bedsores on the body, it is necessary to use lotions made from egg white and medical alcohol (40%). You need to take a napkin or a piece of gauze and soak it with the resulting mixture. For this purpose, you can prepare a tincture of alcohol (70%) with the addition of birch buds. This remedy needs to be infused for about 10 days. Afterwards, you must strain it and treat the inflamed areas several times a day.

A lotion made from sheep fat, onions and salt will help dry wet wounds and draw out pus. All ingredients must be taken in a 1:1 ratio. They need to be mixed, turned into a paste, and applied to the wounds. The patient should be prepared for the fact that the first procedure will cause pain, but after 3-4 days the weeping wound will dry out and begin to heal literally before our eyes.

You can make another compress with onions by adding honey to it. It will help relieve pain. Onions must first be peeled and baked with honey in the oven. The resulting paste should be applied to the affected areas of the skin and covered with a gauze bandage and polyethylene, leaving the compress on all night. This procedure can be done once a day for a week in a row. Washing wounds with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide will help reduce pain.

Millet will not only relieve a bedridden patient from painful sensations, but will also contribute to the fastest healing of wounds. To prepare this product, you need to take 50 g of millet and, after steaming it in a water bath, put it in a homemade cotton bag. The resulting warm compress must be placed on the inflamed area for at least a couple of hours. This procedure must be repeated for a week. A healing compress can be prepared from plantain and honey.

To clean wounds from pus, you need to make a solution from soda. It will require 1 tbsp. l. soda and a glass of boiling water. A piece of linen cloth should be dipped in the resulting solution and applied to the wound. You need to continue using such lotions until the wounds are cleansed of purulent deposits.

Decoctions for the treatment of bedsores

A decoction of marigolds, which must be taken orally, will help heal wounds.

Since this medicinal plant has an anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effect, it can also be used to treat affected areas near bedsores.

To prepare the decoction you will need to take 3 tsp. dried flowers and brew them with 400 ml of boiling water. The decoction should sit for about 20 minutes, and then it should be strained and consumed 4 times a day, half a glass before meals.

You can brew fresh or dried plantain leaves with honey. The resulting product should be eaten 1 tsp. just before eating.

Other folk methods for treating bedsores

Bedridden patients require a special orthopedic mattress, which can be replaced with a grass mat. It must be filled with crude oats or fresh hay, and a basin with running water must be placed under the patient’s bed, which must be renewed every day. The grass needs to be changed about once a week.

Neglected bedsores can even affect the bones, and in this case it is necessary to use a product based on vodka and shampoo (1:1 ratio). To prepare, you will need baby shampoo and medical alcohol, instead of which you can use vodka. The prepared mixture should be slightly warm and not very thick. Dip a soft sponge into the product and gently wipe the affected areas with it. It is advisable to do this procedure before going to bed.

When treating with folk remedies, you must consult a doctor to avoid any side effects after treatment. Follow all measures to prevent bedsores, and such an unpleasant disease will bypass you.

Content

Bedsores are ulcers that are signs of serious complications of many diseases that develop due to impaired blood supply to tissues or due to their compression with subsequent displacement. Pathologies are typical not only for bedridden patients; bedsores can occur with any external pressure on the skin. They form especially often in areas of bony protrusions. Patients suffering from impaired innervation (supply of nerves) of the skin due to diseases of the spinal cord are susceptible to bedsores. In patients, such ulcers often appear on the head, buttocks, and heels.

Stages of bedsores and features of their treatment

In search of effective methods for treating bedsores, doctors have tried many remedies, but so far the optimal way to combat them has not been found. Each medical institution uses its own methods, which it considers to be most effective. The difficulty of treating bedsores lies in the passive blood supply in places of tissue compression during prolonged immobility of a bedridden patient.

Stages of pathology:

1. Minor skin damage.
2. Damage to skin and fatty tissue.
3. Muscle damage.
4. Deep wounds to the bones.

There are two types of treatment for pressure ulcers – surgical and conservative. The first is used exclusively for severe stages of pathology, which are difficult to treat and do not heal for a long time. Conservative measures are aimed at activating the blood supply to damaged tissues, cleansing wounds of dead mass, and healing skin lesions. How to treat bedsores in a bedridden patient is determined by the doctor, depending on the degree of development of the pathology.

Treatment of bedsores 1st and 2nd degree

At the initial stage of development of diaper rash, preventive measures for the progression of tissue cell death should be actively carried out, since at this stage only skin hyperemia occurs and compactions appear. The doctor assesses the patient's condition to identify or eliminate external and internal risk factors for the progression of ulcers. Next, treatment is prescribed for all existing pathologies and associated syndromes that aggravate the situation. The specialist may prescribe:

• Detoxification of the body (hemodesis, blood transfusion).
• Immunostimulating therapy (taking immunostimulants, vitamins).
• Elimination of constant pressure (turning the patient over every 2 hours).
• Reducing pressure on tissues using special means - plastic splints, anti-decubitus mattresses, pillows, pads, etc.

How to treat deep bedsores stages 3 and 4

At the third stage, active death of the skin and subcutaneous fat layer occurs. Treatment of bedsores in bedridden patients, as a rule, involves surgical intervention (cleaning the ulcer from pus and necrosis, absorption of the discharged wound with protection from drying out). At stage 3, the pathological process quickly spreads to adjacent areas of the skin, where the blood supply is also impaired. At this time, you cannot remain idle; the skin can no longer regenerate on its own. Removal of dead tissue (necrectomy) must be carried out before capillary bleeding occurs.

Then the doctor cleanses the bedsores using local antiseptics. In the treatment of this kind of ulcers, necrolytic drugs (Collagensin, Chymotrypsin, Trypsin), anti-inflammatory drugs (Alfogin, Vulnuzan, Hydrocortisone), stimulators of tissue repair (Vinilin, Bepanten, Methyluracil), drugs for normalizing lymph microcirculation (Tribenoside, Pyricarbate) are used.

The fourth stage is characterized by deep necrosis with damage to muscle tissue, tendons and bones. Treatment involves excision of dead tissue, absorption of the pressure sore, and hydration of the healing wound. After the acute phase of the necrosis process has ceased, the doctor raises the question of surgical treatment. This cleaning of the ulcer is carried out to preserve the maximum amount of living tissue. At the same time, physiotherapeutic treatment of ulcers is carried out, a course of antibiotics and antiseptics is prescribed.

Treatment of the disease depending on location

Bedsores form in bedridden patients due to compression of blood vessels and skin, as a result of which blood supply is disrupted and tissue cells die in areas of maximum pressure on the body. So, when lying on your side, ulcers form on the thigh, ankle, and knee. If the patient lies on his stomach for a long time, wounds appear on the cheekbones and pubis. When lying on your back, wounds can open on the heels, sacrum, elbows, back of the head, tailbone, and shoulder blades. Care for bedsores and their treatment is carried out depending on the location of formation.

How to treat bedsores on the heels

To treat heel ulcers, it is advisable to use special “Comfil” (Denmark) bandages; they are glued to the damaged areas of the skin. The bandage has an antiseptic effect and prevents further infection. If the wound is contaminated or pus forms in it, the ulcer is first cleaned and then disinfected with Proteox or similar means - hydrogen peroxide, tea tree oil, chlorhexidine spray, brilliant green solution.

Bedsores on the buttocks

To cure bedsores and restore blood supply to tissues, it is necessary to stop the negative impact of the damaging force. Until you relieve the affected areas of pressure, no ointments or powders will help. Further, with proper treatment, dead tissue will be rejected, and the wound will gradually heal. Thus, the treatment of ulcers on the buttocks is based on 3 main stages:

1. Restoring blood circulation in areas of skin damage.
2. Assisting tissues in the rejection of necrosis.
3. Cleansing the wound and applying healing agents.

On the tailbone

Methods for treating the disease at home

Treatment of bedsores in patients who are at home presents certain difficulties. At home, it is difficult to carry out high-quality cleaning of a festering wound and ensure good gas exchange necessary for tissue restoration. Along with folk remedies and medications, be sure to use modern means to treat ulcers, for example, a convenient antiseptic patch made from the latest materials, or anti-bedsore mattresses.

Medications

External treatment: ointments and creams

• Vishnevsky ointment;
• "Boro-Plus";
• Bepanthena;
• Autenrita ointment.

Anti-decubitus mattresses

One of the most effective means of preventing the formation of bedsores is an anti-bedsore mattress. Such products constantly change the pressure exerted on different parts of the body by frequently inflating and deflating air in special chambers of the mattress. Alternately changing pressure points guarantees the elimination of the causes of bedsores and maintains the normal activity of blood circulation in the compressed tissues.

Folk remedies

Treatment with folk remedies is an auxiliary measure to combat bedsores. Almost all traditional methods of treatment are based on the use of medicinal plants, due to which the patient may experience an allergic reaction. The relevance of using folk remedies depends on the degree of the disease, so before using them you should consult your doctor about the advisability of such treatment. Here are some alternative medicine methods that help in the fight against bedsores:

• Lubricate the wounds with fresh lungwort juice several times a day.
• Scald 1 tablespoon of crushed young elderberry leaves with boiling milk and apply it to the ulcer twice a day.
• Cut the Kalanchoe leaves lengthwise, apply a fresh cut to the wounds, secure with a plaster or bandage and leave overnight.
• If bedsores have formed on the head, mix vodka with shampoo (1:1) and wash your hair with this solution.
• Make a mixture of a tablespoon of crushed calendula flowers and 50 g of petroleum jelly, apply it to the ulcers twice a day.
• Make lotions from fresh potatoes 1-2 times a day. To do this, pass it through a meat grinder (or use a food processor) and mix the pulp with honey (1:1). Place the mixture on a thin cloth and apply it to the ulcer.
• At night, make a compress with fish or bear fat using a sterile bandage.
• To make a wet bedsore dry out faster, sprinkle it with starch once a day.
• Systematically tie fresh cabbage leaves to the wounds at night. After 10-14 days, red spots should appear around the bedsores - this indicates the healing process of the ulcers.
• Treat bedsores daily with a strong solution of potassium permanganate (add enough powder to the water so that it turns bright pink).

Surgery

Surgical intervention occurs only after a doctor’s prescription and according to strict indications. Incorrect or inappropriate surgical treatment can aggravate the disease, for example, increase the area of ​​bedsores. First of all, doctors assess the likely effectiveness of surgical treatment methods, and only if the prognosis is positive, one of the treatment methods is used: free skin grafting, plastic surgery with local tissue, excision of the ulcer with comparison of the edges of the bedsore.

Surgical treatment does not always give the expected results. It happens that the transplanted skin tissue does not take root well in the affected area of ​​the body due to its insufficient blood supply. Early complications after surgery include fluid accumulation under the skin tissue, suture dehiscence, wound or skin necrosis, and bleeding. In the future, an ulcer may form, which often leads to a relapse of the bedsore.

Prevention of bedsores

The basic rule for preventing bedsores is proper patient care. It is necessary to ensure that the patient has normal blood supply to all areas of the skin. It is impossible for the patient to lie in one position for a long time, so turn him over every couple of hours, even despite the pain of this process. Otherwise, the ulcers will appear constantly and worsen to such an extent that the damage reaches the bone. To take preventive measures, it is necessary to take into account the provoking circumstances and risk factors for the development of bedsores:

• insufficient hygiene of the patient's skin;
• the presence of folds, protruding seams, buttons on clothes or in bed;
• enuresis, fecal incontinence;
• an allergic reaction in a patient to care and treatment products;
• active sweating, diabetes, obesity;
• poor nutrition, lack of fluid in the body;
• Parkinson's disease;
• diseases of the vascular system or spinal cord;
• smoking or alcohol abuse;
• physical inactivity, bone fractures;
• anemia;
• the presence of malignant tumors;
• swelling, dry skin.

Preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of bedsores should be carried out from the first day of illness or placing the patient in a supine position. As practice shows, once the process of ulcer formation has begun, it is almost impossible to prevent its further development, which is why prevention is so important. With each subsequent stage of development of pressure ulcers, the likelihood of prompt treatment of the pathology decreases. Prevention includes the following measures:

• Systematic cleansing of the skin, non-contact drying (without using towels or napkins) and disinfection using antiseptics.
• Frequently change the patient's bed linen, straighten wrinkles in clothes and beds.
• Purchase of a special mattress (anti-decubitus, pneumatic, water, vibration).
• Frequent changes in the patient's position.
• Proper diet and drinking regime.
• Stimulation of the patient's muscle activity (electric underwear, massage).

Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give treatment recommendations based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Discuss

How to treat bedsores

Among the most popular means for treating bedsores, ointments occupy a special place, because they have a lot of advantages:

1. They speed up the healing process of wounds.
2. They have a relatively low cost.
3. Improves tissue trophism.
4. Help eliminate pain and other unpleasant sensations.
5. I have a bactericidal effect, eliminating pathogenic bacteria.

Names of ointments for bedsores for bedridden patients

Solcoseryl. A product that is intended to improve tissue trophism and regeneration. The active ingredient is considered to be deproteinized dialysate, which is obtained from the blood of young healthy calves.

The drug is applied only to areas of the skin that have been damaged. It is necessary to clean the wounds before using the drug. Apply a small layer evenly to the cover twice a day (can be three times as recommended by a specialist). Therapy lasts until the bedsores heal.

If you are predisposed to the development of allergic reactions and cannot tolerate the components of the product, you should not apply it. Undesirable for pregnant women. Rarely, there are side effects in the form of marginal dermatitis or urticaria.

Algofin. The ointment is based only on natural ingredients: fatty acid salts, chlorophyll derivatives, film formers and carotenoids. The ointment has a strong anti-inflammatory effect and also stimulates tissue regeneration.

Apply only to the skin with wounds, without touching the healthy surface; if necessary, you can use a tampon or bandage.

Some patients during Algofin therapy feel a burning sensation in the area of ​​application. There are no contraindications for use; the ointment is recommended even for pregnant women.

Methyluracil. The active ingredient of the drug is dioxomethyltetrahydropyrimidine, due to which nucleic acids are restored. The ointment promotes rapid regeneration of damaged tissue.

The dosage for treatment is determined by the doctor in accordance with the individual symptoms of each patient. If you have a predisposition to the development of allergic reactions and individual intolerance to the substances that form the basis of the drug, its use is contraindicated. Some patients complain of an allergy to methyluracil as a side effect.

Mephenate. The drug is based on the following active ingredients, which are used in the treatment of bedsores: mephenamine sodium salt and vinylin.

The ointment is applied only to the skin where there are bedsores using a special spatula, usually once a day (but can be used up to three times in 24 hours). The duration of therapy is approximately fifteen days. If treatment needs to be continued, further therapy is carried out under the supervision of a doctor. You can apply the product under a bandage.

The only contraindication: individual intolerance. Some patients may experience: irritation, allergies, swelling, mild numbness.

Alantan Plus. The drug is based on two active substances: allantoin and dexpanthenol. Thanks to this composition, the ointment has a healing effect, cleanses wounds of unnecessary keratin deposits, and stimulates regeneration.

The product is not recommended for use by patients who suffer from frequent allergies, especially to dexpanthenol and allantoin. Sometimes during therapy with this remedy the following may occur: allergies, skin hypersensitivity.

Ointment for bedsores with silver

Ointments containing silver are usually used to treat stage 1 bedsores. The most popular among them are the following drugs.

Dermazin. A product that has an antibacterial effect. The active ingredient included in the drug is silver sulfadiazine.

You can apply the ointment under a bandage or without it in a thin layer twice a day until complete healing. When using a bandage, you should change it daily (several times).

The drug should not be used in patients with intolerance to its main substances, up to one year, during childbirth. Sometimes the use of the product causes: itching, burning, allergies.

Sulfargin. Has an antibacterial effect. The active ingredient is silver sulfadiazine. It has a bactericidal effect against many gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., etc.).

Be sure to remove pus and necrotic matter before using this drug. Use once or twice a day with or without a bandage. Apply a small layer to the affected areas. The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor. Usually - at least 3 weeks.

The product can lead to unpleasant consequences if used to treat pregnant women, young children (up to one year old), and patients with intolerance to the components. Sometimes, rarely, side effects develop: indigestion with the development of diarrhea or constipation, nausea and vomiting, leukopenia, pain, burning of the skin, allergies.

Argolsulfan ointment

The drug is based on the active substance antibiotic – sulfathiazole. Thanks to this, the growth of pathogenic organisms and their reproduction is inhibited. Additionally, the ointment also contains silver ions, which help enhance the main characteristics of sulfathiazole.

The drug has an analgesic effect. You can use a bandage if necessary. Apply a small layer to the bedsore area several times a day. Treatment continues until all wounds disappear.

The limitation for using the ointment is intolerance to its main ingredient. It cannot be used to treat small and premature babies. Side effects from using the drug: discomfort on the skin (burning, itching), allergies.

Stellanin ointment

The product has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative effects. The drug is based on the active ingredient – ​​the substance diethylbenzimidazolium triiodide.

When applying the ointment, make sure that its layer covers the areas of the bedsores completely. The duration of therapy and dosage are individual and depend on the stage of the wound process. Can be used under a bandage.

The drug is contraindicated for: thyrotoxicosis, acute liver failure, for the treatment of pregnant women and young children (under the age of one year). Some patients who used the product noted that they developed allergies and their skin often itched and burned.

Ointment with zinc

A dermatoprotective product that contains an active component – ​​zinc oxide. It has a fairly pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.

For treatment, the ointment is applied in a thin layer to the areas of bedsores one to two times per 24 hours. The doctor may increase the dose if needed. Therapy lasts until the wounds are completely healed.

The product can be used by almost everyone, as long as you are not allergic to zinc. Sometimes patients note that the use of ointment leads to the appearance of unpleasant symptoms: swelling of the skin, itching of the skin and other allergic reactions.

Vishnevsky ointment

The active ingredients of this product are: xeroform, birch tar, castor oil. The ointment is actively used to treat wounds, ulcers, juvenile acne, furunculosis, psoriasis, and bedsores in bedridden patients.

When treating bedsores, the ointment should be applied in a thin layer only to the affected areas of the skin. In this case, the wounds must first be disinfected. Therapy is individual, so the dose and duration are most often prescribed by the doctor.

The drug is contraindicated for use if at least one of its main components is intolerant. Among the main side effects are: allergic reactions (itching, skin flushing, burning, irritation).

Sulfuric ointment

The drug can be used from the age of three. Apply to affected areas of skin in a small amount two to three times a day. Therapy continues until the wound heals.

The ointment is contraindicated for use if its main component is intolerant. Also, it cannot be used for treatment in early childhood and during pregnancy.

Among the main side effects from using the product, it is worth highlighting: allergic reactions (burning, itching, swelling).

Ointments for bedsores made in Germany

Recently, more and more new products for the effective treatment of bedsores have appeared in pharmacies. One of these drugs is the German ointment “Braunodine”.

It is an antiseptic and disinfectant whose active ingredient is povidone-iodine. Shows activity against a wide range of fungi, bacteria (including Mycobacterium tuberculosis), and viruses.

The dosage is completely individual and is prescribed by the attending physician in accordance with the severity of the patient's condition.

The ointment is contraindicated for use in hyperthyroidism, renal failure, and thyroid adenoma. Also, you should not use the ointment during pregnancy, breastfeeding, or if you are intolerant to its components.

Among the side effects include hyperemia and burning, if they occur, therapy should be discontinued.