Rhinosinusitis in adults. Rhinosinusitis: symptoms and treatment in adults, acute and chronic forms. Treatment of rhinosinusitis with folk remedies at home

Rhinosinusitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal canals and paranasal sinuses, which was caused by a cold and prolonged hypothermia, infection of the upper respiratory tract with a fungal, bacterial or viral infection. The disease differs in the severity of the manifestation of the clinical picture, depending on what exactly caused the damage to the epithelial tissues of the nasopharynx.

Rhinosinusitis is a disease that simultaneously covers the entire system of the upper respiratory tract located in the nasopharynx. The inflammation is so extensive that the patient's state of health is extremely unsatisfactory, and the disease itself requires urgent medical treatment. As a result of the pathological process in the nasal canals, a strong swelling of the mucous membrane of all tissues of the nasopharynx develops and the natural air circulation is disturbed. The intensity of the symptoms depends on which particular strain of microorganisms caused the disease, as well as how timely the person sought medical help.

The most dangerous is purulent rhinosinusitis, which has developed under the influence of pathogenic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or streptococcal infection. Treatment of rhinosinusitis, regardless of the form of the disease and the nature of its origin, is based on the patient taking antibacterial drugs, anti-inflammatory drops, warming up and washing the nose with antiseptic solutions. A radical method of therapy is the puncture of the inflamed sinus and the forced evacuation of purulent exudate.

An important role in the treatment of the disease is played by the individual properties of the patient's immune system, since in people with strong immunity, rhinosinusitis passes much faster and without the risk of recurrence in the form of a relapse. Among the large number of factors affecting the development of rhinosinusitis in previously completely healthy people, the following causes of the disease are most common in medical practice:

• the presence in the patient's body of a focus of chronic infection, which develops in a sluggish state, but is regularly spread to all parts of the body along with the blood flow (sick teeth, prostatitis, tonsillitis, pyelonephritis, gastritis and other pathologies of internal organs prone to latent flow).
• daily work at low temperatures, which causes constant hypothermia and colds;
• acute respiratory bacterial, viral or fungal infection that got into the cavity of the paranasal sinuses along with the air flow during the act of breathing;
• bad habits in the form of alcohol abuse, smoking, taking drugs (they have an indirect effect on the occurrence of rhinosinusitis, as they significantly weaken the immune system);
• living in a region with an unfavorable ecological situation, where the air is oversaturated with toxic vapors of chemicals;
• an acute allergic reaction, manifested in the form of profuse rhinitis, incessant for several weeks;
• severe injuries to the surface of the face, as a result of which the integrity of the bones of the bridge of the nose or directly one of the paranasal sinuses was violated;
• previous surgery on the upper jaw, which was performed incorrectly, with infection, or ineffective drugs were used during the recovery period.

It is these causal factors that are most often established by an otolaryngologist based on the results of the initial examination of the patient.

Based on this, the doctor selects for the patient a list of tests that will need to be passed, and further forms a therapy regimen.

The first symptoms of rhinosinusitis

Symptoms of the disease are easily confused with a cold or SARS, which often happens in the early days of the development of the disease. Nevertheless, there are some features of the manifestation of rhinosinusitis in adults, which are characterized by the following symptoms:

Complicated forms of rhinosinusitis can still be manifested by pain in the upper teeth (with inflammation of the maxillary sinus), cough, if an infection has entered the lower respiratory tract. When the first signs of the disease appear, you should immediately seek help from an otolaryngologist.

Types and forms of the disease

Depending on what provoked the development of the disease, rhinosinusitis is classified into types and forms of the course. This allows the attending physician to more effectively form a therapeutic course to combat the disease and select medicines that are appropriate to use in a particular clinical case.

Forms of rhinosinusitis

The main forms of rhinosinusitis include:

• chronic, characterized by sluggish inflammation, which was formed as a result of an untreated cold, influenza virus, SARS or any other infectious agent (manifested in the form of periodic exacerbations and is difficult to treat conservatively);
• acute with a stormy clinical picture, a vivid manifestation of symptoms and an accumulation of purulent exudate in the cavity of the paranasal sinuses (lasts from 3 to 7 days, and then disappears or transforms into a chronic form).

Types of rhinosinusitis

The main types of rhinosinusitis include:

• hyperplastic;
• odontogenic;
• exudative;
• viral;
• fungal;
• bacterial rhinosinusitis;
• left-sided;
• right hand;
• catarrhal;
• vasomotor rhinosinusitis
• purulent;
• allergic.

The most severe type of inflammatory disease of the nasopharynx is the occurrence of bilateral rhinosinusitis in a patient, regardless of the form of its course. In this case, the doctor has to deal with a very extensive focus of the pathological process, the elimination of which will require a long period of time and the patient will take a large number of potent drugs.

Diagnosis and which doctor to contact?

Rhinosinusitis, like most other inflammatory diseases of the mucous membrane and epithelial tissues of the nasopharynx, are in the department of an otolaryngologist. If, due to certain circumstances, this specialist of a narrow profile is not available in the staff of the polyclinic, then in this case the patient needs to make an appointment with a therapist. To make a diagnosis, the doctor prescribes the patient to undergo the following procedures and tests:

• blood from a finger for a general clinical study;
• urine for which biochemical analysis is carried out;
• endoscopy with the introduction of a probe into the cavity of the nasal opening with a visual study of the internal state of the inflamed paranasal sinuses;
• CT scan of the skull and directly all types of tissues of the facial disc;
• x-ray of the frontal part of the head to determine the foci of inflammation and the presence of purulent exudate in the paranasal sinuses;
• venous blood for testing the body's immune response to potential allergens (appointed if there is a suspicion of an allergic type of rhinosinusitis);
• bacterial examination of mucus secreted from the nose involuntarily or during blowing your nose.

Having received the conclusions on these types of analyzes, the attending physician has comprehensive information that plays a key role in the diagnosis and further formation of the treatment regimen.

Treatment of rhinosinusitis in adults - how and with what?

In order to get rid of rhinosinusitis once and for all, it is necessary to pay great attention to the selection of drugs and therapeutic methods in general. Only in this case, a complete cure is possible without the risk of relapse and the onset of severe complications. To do this, in modern otolaryngology, drugs of the following pharmacological categories are used.

Antibiotics and other medicines

Effective in the treatment of rhinosinusitis caused by bacterial invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. Antibiotics for rhinosinusitis are indispensable if, according to the results of bacteriological culture of the mucus secreted from the nasal cavity, pathogenic bacteria are found in a concentration exceeding the permissible norms. The most commonly used antibacterial agents are:

These medicines can be used in the form of tablets and intramuscular injections. The latter method of administering the drug into the patient's body brings a more positive result and the active components of the drug are better absorbed, and therefore reach the focus of infectious inflammation. In most cases, injections are prescribed in the form of a therapeutic course, lasting from 7 to 10 days, 2 injections per day (morning and evening).

Antibacterial tablets are taken 2-3 times a day before or after meals, depending on the manufacturer's recommendations displayed in the instructions for use of the medication.

Pills

Medicines for rhinosinusitis, produced by pharmacological companies in the form of tablets, have the following therapeutic properties:

Each group of tablets finds its application at one stage or another of the treatment of rhinosinusitis, and the task of the attending physician is to choose the right type of medication and in the required dosage with the duration of administration.

Drops and sprays

This category of drugs is designed to directly affect the mucous membrane of the nasal canals, as well as the expansion of blood vessels that are spasmodic as a result of extensive and acute inflammation. In this case, the following types of anti-inflammatory sprays and drops differ in the best therapeutic effect:

The patient independently instills these drops 2-3 times a day for 5-7 days. If the patient is being treated for rhinosinusitis in an inpatient department, then the introduction of drops is performed by a nurse as a therapeutic procedure. Drops and sprays are always included in the complex of the treatment course, as an auxiliary element and cannot be used as an independent medicine.

Inhalation with a nebulizer

One of the newest ways to treat rhinosinusitis. It is indicated for use in chronic forms of this disease, since the acute type of the disease does not always allow steam inhalation, because there is a real risk of an even greater aggravation of the inflammatory process and a deterioration in the general condition of the patient. The following drugs are used as a therapeutic basis for inhalation:

• decoctions of anti-inflammatory herbs (chamomile, St. John's wort, thyme, sage, coltsfoot, plantain);
• saline to provide a general steam effect without saturating inflamed epithelial tissues with active components of chemicals;
• mineral water without gases, which contains an increased concentration of alkali;
• soda solution prepared by mixing baking soda with distilled water;
• syrups and antibacterial suspensions, which are prescribed by a doctor in case of therapeutic expediency of their use.

In each clinical case, one or another inhalation base is effective. Throughout the course of treatment, each type of drug can be applied in turn to ensure the maximum antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory effect.

The principle of treating rhinosinusitis with a nebulizer is as follows:

• the patient fills the filling compartment of the inhaler with a liquid drug base, which will be used to relieve inflammation and fight pathogenic microorganisms;
• the device is turned on and starts heating the liquid with its conversion into steam;
• the mouthpiece of the nebulizer, like a hookah, is inserted into the cavity of the nostrils and the patient draws in the healing steam, thereby inhaling the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract of the nasopharynx, as well as the paranasal sinuses;
• the duration of the procedure for each nostril is from 3 to 5 minutes, but no more.

The general treatment course for inhalation with a nebulizer if the patient has rhinosinusitis lasts from 5 to 7 days, and depends on the type of drug used as a healing base. If necessary, at the insistence of the attending physician, the duration of therapy can be extended up to 10-15 days.

Alternative treatment at home

Non-traditional methods for the treatment of rhinosinusitis are based on the practical application of folk recipes that have been popular among a large number of people for many centuries and have proven to be really effective in combating acute or chronic inflammation in the nasal canals and paranasal sinuses. They were used when there was no medicine, in the modern sense of the word, in principle, and in the matter of treating diseases, people could rely only on their own strength. There are the following most effective ways of folk treatment of rhinosinusitis while at home.

Aloe juice with honey

These are natural anti-inflammatory drops, which are quite realistic to prepare yourself from improvised means. To do this, you need to take 1 leaf of an indoor aloe flower, wash it under running water, put it in a food processor or a mechanical meat grinder, and then grind it to a pulp. Having received the green mass, it must be laid out on a clean gauze folded in two layers, wrap it and squeeze the juice into the dishes prepared in advance for this. Add half a teaspoon of honey to the resulting green liquid and stir thoroughly until completely dissolved.

This home remedy is instilled into the nose in the morning and in the evening, 1 drop for 5 consecutive days. During the introduction of drops, unpleasant sensations inside the nose, itching, urge to scratch, copious secretion of mucus from the nasal canals are possible. Despite all the discomfort, the effect of aloe juice in combination with honey is very high and, in terms of its healing properties, acts as an alternative to chemical antibacterial drugs. If this indoor plant does not grow in the house, then it can be replaced with Kalanchoe. This flower is no less effective.

Nasal lavage

At home, this is one of the most useful and at the same time affordable folk remedies for the treatment of rhinosinusitis. To prepare an antiseptic solution, use kitchen salt and boiled water, cooled to a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius. To make a saline solution, you will need to take 1 teaspoon of salt and dissolve it in 1 liter of warm water. After all the salt crystals are completely dissolved, salt water is poured into a metal bowl and the patient begins the procedure for washing the paranasal sinuses.

To do this, one nostril is clamped with a finger, and an antiseptic liquid is drawn in with a free nasal opening. As soon as the paranasal sinuses are completely filled, the blocked nostril is released and the patient releases a solution through it, along with which purulent mucus accumulated in the paranasal sinuses comes out, as well as a large number of bacterial microorganisms. Thus, an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect is achieved. At the same time, the saline solution destroys not only bacteria, but also viral and fungal microorganisms.

An alternative to kitchen salt can be potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate), the preparation of which is not a particularly difficult task even for those people who have not previously encountered this kind of antiseptic solutions. 1-2 manganese crystals dissolve in 1 liter of warm water. It is very important that they dissolve completely, otherwise a chemical burn is possible if a small grain of this chemical substance gets on the delicate mucous membrane of the nasal canal. Subsequently, all manipulations are similar, as in the case of washing the nose with a salt-based solution.

Warming up with dry heat

In order to warm up the paranasal sinuses at home and achieve a positive therapeutic result, you need to take 3 tablespoons of kitchen salt and pour it onto the surface of a clean handkerchief. After that, a bag is formed from it by tying the corners. A handkerchief with salt is placed on a dry frying pan or battery so that it warms up to the optimum temperature. As soon as the salt reaches a sufficient temperature, the handkerchief is leaned against the surface of the face in the area where the focus of chronic inflammation is located.

The procedure is done in the morning and evening for 10-15 minutes. In acute rhinosinusitis, heating is not recommended.

Acupressure

This physiotherapeutic method of treatment is easy to perform at home, and it is based on the fact that 2 times a day the patient independently massages the wings of the nose in the upper and lower parts in order to provide additional blood flow to the epithelial tissues of the nasopharynx, along with which it enters the focus of inflammation. a greater number of cells of the immune system that ensure the fight against a pathogenic infection. Massage movements should be circular so that there is a physical opportunity to cover the entire area of ​​​​the inflamed sinus.

The duration of one massage session is 15-20 minutes. To enhance the therapeutic effect in combination with massage, it is recommended to use the warming ointment Asterisk, sea buckthorn or eucalyptus oil.

Complications and consequences

Rhinosinusitis, regardless of the type and form of its origin, is a dangerous disease in terms of the high probability of developing severe complications and negative consequences for organs and tissues located in close proximity to the inflamed paranasal sinuses, as well as the nasal canals in general. This is possible if the patient ignored the symptoms of the disease for a long period of time and did not seek medical help at the clinic, or because of the incompetence of the doctor, there was an incorrectly formed course of treatment. In this case, the patient expects the following health problems:

• in women who are pregnant, rhinosinusitis can provoke premature birth if the period is at the beginning of the 3rd trimester, and a miscarriage is possible in the 1st trimester (rhinosinusitis during pregnancy is still dangerous for fetal developmental pathologies);
• osteomyelitis of the facial bones with untimely evacuation of pus from the paranasal sinuses;
• infection in the roots of the upper teeth with their destruction and loss;
• the spread of pathogenic microorganisms from the tissues of the nasopharynx throughout the body along with the blood;
• bacterial inflammation of the heart muscle, destruction of its valves and various heart dysfunctions;
• violation of the integrity of the paranasal sinus and the ingress of purulent exudate into the cavity of the cranium, which in 89% of cases ends with meningitis of varying severity;
• complete or partial loss of sensitivity to odors with irreversible consequences;
• depletion of the immune system caused by the constant presence of a chronic focus of inflammation saturated with pathogenic microorganisms.

The most dangerous complication of rhinosinusitis for each patient is blood poisoning and death. These consequences are possible if a person has been ill with acute purulent rhinosinusitis for a long time, initially had a severely weakened immune system and did not take anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs.

Rhinosinusitis, like any other inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract of the nasopharynx, is better to prevent than to treat it later. Therefore, it is necessary to take the following clinical recommendations for disease prevention measures in a timely manner:

• always dress according to weather conditions, wear a hat in the cold season;
• temper the body with daily dousing with cold water, taking a contrast shower, wiping with snow and a wet towel;
• do a light jog in the fresh air every day to strengthen immunity and saturate all tissues with oxygen (20-30 minutes of easy running is enough);
• sleep at least 8 hours a day, avoid physical and psycho-emotional overwork;
• balance your diet, give up bad habits, eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, cereals, boiled chicken, beef, lamb, which contain a maximum of protein and a small percentage of fat.

The main preventive rule of rhinosinusitis is to control the state of one's health and timely treatment of colds and acute respiratory diseases, inflammatory processes in the tonsils and the anterior wall of the throat.

Nasal discharge is not always a symptom of a common cold, but can be a sign of a more serious condition, such as rhinosinusitis. This disease is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal passages and sinuses., which brings a lot of unpleasant troubles to patients. How to treat rhinosinusitis? What medicines will be required for this?

Rhinosinusitis is a complex disease that has developed as a result of the impact of viruses or bacteria on the nasal passages and sinuses. When the inflammatory process spreads to the inside of the nose, the mucosal tissues swell, thicken and block the anastomoses through which the pathological secret should come out. Further, purulent contents begin to accumulate in the sinuses, which leads to the development of pathology.

The most common cause of this disease is an untreated acute viral infection. Pathology can develop against the background of influenza, SARS, adenovirus and other infectious diseases. When rhinosinusitis occurs, the causes of inflammation are determined:

• fungal microorganisms;
• polyposis;
• allergic reactions;
• staphylococcus and streptococcus.

If the nose is injured, a curvature of the nasal septum and the appearance of other defects are possible, which can also lead to narrowing of the sinuses and, as a result, to the accumulation of pus. If rhinosinusitis has appeared, then the symptoms and treatment in adults and children require special attention. Depending on the type of this pathology, the appropriate treatment is selected.

Classification

Modern medicine distinguishes many varieties of rhinosinusitis. They are classified by time and nature of the flow, by location and by many other criteria.

1. According to the causative agent of infection: bacterial, viral, fungal and mixed.
2. According to the localization of the inflammatory process: right-sided, left-sided, bilateral.
3. According to the type of course of the disease: chronic, acute and recurrent.
4. By the appearance of the inflamed sinus: sphenoiditis, sinusitis, ethmoiditis, frontal sinusitis.
5. According to the severity of the course: severe, mild and moderate forms.

Depending on the type of disease and the severity of its course, the doctor selects the necessary course of therapy. With proper observance of all medical recommendations, coping with rhinosinusitis will not be difficult. How to suspect the development of this disease? What are the symptoms associated with this?

The first signs of rhinosinusitis and its symptoms

The very first sign of the development of the disease is considered a violation of nasal breathing, which is accompanied by abundant mucous or purulent discharge. Other symptoms of rhinosinusitis include:

• hyperthermia (increase in body temperature up to 38-39 degrees);
• runny nose;
• general weakness, increased fatigue;
• loss of appetite;
• headaches at rest and when tilting the head;
• change in voice timbre;
• stuffy ears;
• impaired sense of smell;
• lacrimation.

Depending on the type of pathogen that caused the disease, nasal discharge may differ in color and consistency. Sometimes, in addition to these conditions, a cough may develop.

Polypous rhinosinusitis

The mucous membrane of the nasal passages consists of soft tissues. With frequent inflammatory processes, it becomes thinner, and the body, having received a signal about this, begins to build up a new layer. Quite often, these overgrown pieces differ in appearance from the mucous membrane: they look like a drop in shape, and inside they are filled with infiltrate (accumulation of lymph and blood). Such a formation is called a polyp, it makes nasal breathing difficult and can lead to the development of many diseases.

Polyposis growths can be quite large. At the same time, constant discomfort is felt, the sense of smell worsens, it seems that there is a foreign body in the nose. Polyps can also block the sinuses, which contributes to the accumulation of pus in them. This is how polyposis rhinosinusitis develops.

Purulent rhinosinusitis

The most common cause of the disease in this case is the common cold. When viruses enter the nasal passages, inflammation develops, which is accompanied by swelling of the mucous membrane. As a result, the mucous contents of the sinuses come out with difficulty, and in places where the secret accumulates, a favorable environment is formed for the reproduction of pathogens.

The formation of pus in the sinuses is often accompanied by a rise in temperature to high levels. The patient suffers from headaches, aggravated by bending over, weakness and general malaise appear. Nasal breathing is difficult due to congestion, a person tries to breathe through the mouth, which can lead to the development of a cough.

In especially severe cases, bad breath appears, cheeks and eyelids swell. In the affected sinuses there is a feeling of fullness. Against the background of high temperature, general intoxication of the body can develop.

Allergic rhinosinusitis

In this case, inflammation of the sinuses develops when an allergen enters the human body. Due to mucosal edema, abundant discharge does not come out of the nasal cavities, which results in the formation of pus. The cause of the disease can be:

• dust;
• plant pollen;
• pet hair;
• household chemicals;
• medications.

The main goal of treatment is to eliminate the provoking factor and reduce the pathological reaction of the body to the allergen. To do this, protect the patient from exposure to the allergen and prescribe antihistamine therapy.

Vasomotor rhinosinusitis

The development of vasomotor rhinosinusitis can also begin against the background of an acute viral infection. Its occurrence is associated with disruption of the nerve endings. When any irritant appears (cold, heat, pungent odors), the nasal mucosa reacts quite violently: a strong edema appears, the discharge becomes very plentiful.

Vasomotor rhinosinusitis often develops in pregnant women. This occurs as a result of a sharp change in hormonal levels during pregnancy. Usually after childbirth, everything returns to normal even without medication.

catarrhal rhinosinusitis

Catarrhal rhinosinusitis is one of the respiratory diseases in which the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity becomes inflamed, as well as the paranasal sinuses. The acute stage of the disease is not dangerous and responds very well to treatment. The symptoms of the pathology are in many ways similar to those of other types of rhinosinusitis:

• pain syndrome with localization in the sinus area;
• swelling of the mucosa and its redness;
• an increase in body temperature, sometimes to very high levels;
• conjunctivitis;
• tearing;
• profuse mucous discharge.

Complications of this disease are extremely rare. However, some patients may develop bacterial rhinosinusitis against the background of catarrh. In this case, the treatment is supplemented with antibiotics.

Diagnostics

To diagnose the disease, you need to contact an otolaryngologist. Based on the examination, history data and examinations, the doctor will suggest the development of such a diagnosis as rhinosinusitis. Diagnostic measures can be as follows:

• analysis of urine and blood;
• rhinoscopy (examination of the nose);
• radiography;
• CT scan;
• magnetic resonance imaging;
• pharyngoscopy;
• study of exudate for the presence of a pathogen and its sensitivity to drugs.

Rhinoscopy reveals swelling and redness of tissues, as well as mucous exudate. After lubrication of the nasal passages with a vasoconstrictor solution, pus is found in the region of the sinus fistulas.

A more accurate picture can be seen with endoscopic examination. Using a special probe with a camera at the end, the doctor detects violations of the anatomy of the mucosa, which may interfere with normal nasal ventilation.

How to cure rhinosinusitis in adults?

Rhinosinusitis is treated on an outpatient basis. In especially advanced cases, hospitalization may be required. At the initial stage, the treatment is conservative, including drug therapy and washing of the nasal cavities in order to eliminate pathological secretions and pathogens. It is also possible to supplement the main course with folk methods of treatment.

Medical therapy

Choosing the method of treatment and the necessary drugs, the doctor is based on the severity of the course of rhinosinusitis, taking into account the presence of concomitant diseases. To facilitate nasal breathing and reduce mucosal edema in all types of pathology, vasoconstrictors are prescribed in the form of drops and sprays. The most effective are:

• "Xilen";
• "Galazolin";

In addition, doctors recommend daily washing of the nasal passages with a solution of sodium chloride or special aerosols based on sea water. This procedure helps to more quickly restore the inflamed mucosa.

xylene

With the advanced form of rhinosinusitis, it is possible to prescribe antibacterial drugs. For the treatment of severe forms of the disease use:

• "Ampicillin";
• "Azithromycin";
• "Ceftriaxone".

With the development of rhinosinusitis of viral etiology, the use of immunostimulating, immunomodulating agents will be required. They help fight viruses, restore the protective functions of the body and speed up recovery. Most often prescribed:

• "Anaferon";
• "Viferon";
• "Kagocel".

Also, the doctor will select drugs for symptomatic treatment. To thin the mucus, mucolytics will be required: Rinofluimucil, Sinuforte. To relieve pain and reduce body temperature - antipyretic drugs "Paracetamol", "Ibuprofen". In allergic rhinosinusitis, antihistamine therapy is also indicated. Reduce the body's reaction to allergens help:

• "Suprastin";
• "Zyrtec";
• "Cetirizine";
• "Zodak".

Rinofluimucil mucus thinner

For the treatment of all types of rhinosinusitis, it is possible to use special combined sprays, which include antibacterial components, as well as hormonal agents. Polydex and Isofra have proven themselves well.

Treatment with folk remedies

Of course, it will not work to cure rhinosinusitis with folk remedies alone, but they can be a good addition to the main course of therapy. With a disease that has developed against a background of a viral infection, onion and garlic drops help well. Making them is very simple: the bulbous vegetable is peeled and chopped well. Juice is squeezed out of the resulting mass with the help of gauze, which is diluted with clean water in a ratio of 1:5. Apply these drops 2-3 times a day. Home remedies from medicinal plants help quite well.

Recipe number 1 - Cyclamen

This beautiful perennial flower is considered today one of the most effective remedies to help get rid of rhinosinusitis. It is used in many pharmaceutical preparations, since the plant has many medicinal properties. At home, you can prepare drops from cyclamen, do it as follows:

1. The root of the plant is washed well and crushed with the smallest grater.
2. Juice is squeezed out of the resulting mass.
3. To prepare drops, the juice is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 5 and put in the refrigerator to infuse.
4. Apply the remedy once a day. Instill two drops into each nostril.

The positive effect after such treatment is noticeable after 1-2 days. Nasal breathing is facilitated, puffiness decreases, as well as the amount of secretion to be separated.

Recipe number 2 - Horseradish and lemon

To prepare an effective remedy for rhinosinusitis, you need 3 lemons and horseradish root. Citrus juice is mixed with a root crushed in a meat grinder and put in the refrigerator. The resulting mixture is taken on an empty stomach in half a teaspoon. Such a remedy is quite effective in the chronic course of the disease. You can take home medicine for 1-2 months.

Recipe number 3 - Aloe

Agave has long been famous for its positive properties. This home plant with elastic fleshy leaves helps to fight many diseases well. With rhinosinusitis, effective drops are prepared. To do this, one leaf is crushed and the juice is squeezed out of it. The resulting remedy is instilled 3-4 times a day, 2-3 drops.

Rhinosinusitis during pregnancy

The development of this disease during pregnancy occurs quite often. Weakened by a heavy load, the mother's body quickly picks up viral infections that cause this condition. Since many drugs cannot be used during childbearing, the course of treatment should be limited to local therapy.

The treatment of rhinosinusitis during pregnancy should only be handled by a doctor. In severe cases, antibiotic sprays may be prescribed. These drugs act locally directly on the pathology itself and are practically not absorbed into the systemic circulation.

Also, nasal drops based on sea water are allowed for use in pregnant women: Quicks, Aquamaris. Such drugs help clear the nose of mucus, moisturize the tissues of the nasal passages, relieve swelling and make breathing easier. Sometimes it may be necessary to use vasoconstrictor drops: Naphthyzin, Nazivin, but it is better to take them in a children's dosage. With an allergic variety of rhinosinusitis, Suprastin and Loratadin are allowed.

If the disease does not respond to complex treatment with approved drugs, the otolaryngologist may prescribe a sinus puncture followed by the introduction of an anti-inflammatory solution. Such a procedure will help to significantly alleviate the patient's condition without harming the unborn child.

Rhinosinusitis in children

In young patients, this disease is acute. Due to the characteristics of the baby's body, the signs and symptoms of pathology are more pronounced than in adults. What should I pay attention to when treating rhinosinusitis in a child?

Features of the pathology

The full formation of the maxillary sinuses in children occurs by the age of 7. The problem arises due to the fact that the transition points of the nasal cavity into the sinus are very narrow, and even with a slight swelling of the mucosa, this opening will close. As a result, the pathological secret accumulates in the sinuses, which leads to inflammation and the appearance of pus.

The clinical signs of this condition are quite typical. Developing rhinosinusitis in a child is characterized by symptoms that are very similar to those of respiratory infections. Therefore, in order to exclude the development of complications, it is necessary to show the baby to the doctor as soon as possible. Rhinosinusitis in children of preschool and kindergarten age most often causes damage to the frontal sinuses and the ethmoid labyrinth, located on both sides of the bridge of the nose, when a similar pathology develops in adults, all sinuses are affected.

Treatment of rhinosinusitis in a child

The main goal of treating the disease is to suppress pathogens and increase the body's defenses. For this, special methods are selected that provide a complex effect on the body. The result of treatment is the complete elimination of the infection, the normalization of nasal breathing.

The list of drugs used to treat rhinosinusitis in children is almost the same as in adults, adjusted for the required dosage. Only a doctor should prescribe a course of treatment. Independent intervention in the process can only aggravate the condition of the baby.

Most often, doctors recommend vasoconstrictors, such as Nazol Baby or children's Nazivin. They help relieve congestion and make breathing easier. In addition, you will need funds that help strengthen the immune system: Reaferon-Lipint, Likopid, Amiksin. The decision on the need for antibiotics is made only by the doctor. In most cases, outpatient treatment is dispensed with antibiotic therapy.

In most cases, the treatment of rhinosinusitis in children occurs quickly enough. Subject to all medical recommendations, recovery occurs in 1-2 weeks. Complications that require more aggressive therapy or even surgery are rare. However, if left untreated, rhinosinusitis can lead to life-threatening conditions.

Rhinosinusitis is a complex disease in which both the infection or viruses affect the paranasal sinuses and, in fact, the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity. As a rule, the inflammatory process starts in the maxillary sinus and later passes to the main mucous protective structures.

Signs and symptoms

The main symptoms of rhinosinusitis usually include significant difficulty in breathing. Regardless of the degree and severity of the disease, the patient is also observed with localization at the base of the nose, a constant release of purulent secretion with its regular entry into the nasopharynx, as well as a general swelling of the nasal mucosa.

The remaining symptoms determine the main type of this disease and its specific form.

The main types and forms of rhinosinusitis

The course and clinical pictures for different types of the above disease differ in particular cases:

Acute rhinosinusitis

The acute form of this type of disease is characterized by severe intoxication of the body, a rapid and vivid manifestation of the above symptoms. Within five to seven days after the onset of inflammatory processes, a person cannot lead a full life, his performance is significantly reduced, pain syndromes in the head become paroxysmal.

At the same time, body temperature almost always rises, often overcoming the mark of 39 degrees Celsius. Puffiness of the mucous membranes can go beyond the organ, and spread to the eyelids and upper facial tissues. Pathogenic microflora actively reproduces and captures more and more spaces, affecting neighboring sinuses and provoking complications.

Chronic rhinosinusitis

The inflammatory process of this kind is less pronounced when compared with the previous form of rhinosinusitis, but it is longer and can often proceed in a sluggish form from twelve to thirty weeks. The main symptoms of this condition are normal temperature, a significant weakening of hearing and smell, constant moderate swelling of the mucous membranes with a strong blockade of the nasal passages, as well as a nasal voice and a mucopurulent secret released from the nose.

Pain syndromes in this case appear much less frequently, they are “smeared” and, if they occur regularly, cause a feeling of weakness and irritation.

In the chronic form of rhinosinusitis, the likelihood of getting a complication is much higher than in the case of an acute course of the disease.

Polypous rhinosinusitis

Further progression of chronic rhinosinusitis usually leads to the formation of polyps - active growth and thickening of the walls of the mucous membranes, as a result of which the swelling increases significantly in size, and vasoconstrictor drugs do not help temporarily restore normal breathing. This condition is quite often accompanied by stagnation in the sinuses, a large amount of purulent masses, which further activate inflammatory processes in the body and form the basis for the development of concomitant complications, in particular deadly meningitis and tissue damage / eyeballs.

This type of rhinosinusitis can only be cured with the help of surgical methods, mechanically removing the polyps.

Allergic rhinosinusitis

The main cause of allergic rhinosinusitis and catarrhal purulent course of the disease is the effect of allergens on the body. Such allergens can be plant pollen, wool, body reactions to certain drugs, fungal spores, car smog and dust, etc.

The main symptom, directly indicating an allergic type of disease, is considered to be side rashes on the skin, significant redness of the membranes of the eyeball, itching in the nasopharynx, and abundant clear discharge from the nose. Fighting allergic rhinosinusitis with antibiotics is useless; antihistamines and isolating the person/environment from the allergen are used to effectively get rid of the problem.

Treatment of rhinosinusitis

The treatment of rhinosinusitis in adults is a complex process, which includes the elimination of the cause that caused the reaction, the elimination of the focus of inflammation, the reduction of symptoms, and the restoration of natural immune defenses.

1. Antibacterial therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics is drugs or alternative Augmentin. The duration of such a course does not exceed ten days.
2. Maximum removal from the nose and sinuses, pathogenic secretion. For this, (Naphthyzinum), moisturizing and mucolytic drugs (Aquamaris), as well as means for (saline) are used.
3. Reducing inflammation. For this, the ENT doctor may advise corticosteroids (hydrocortisone) and antihistamines (Loratadine).
4. Strengthening immunity. It can be carried out both at the local level with the help of special homeopathic sprays (IRS 19), and general procedures, including normalization of nutrition, taking interferon, and regular exercise.

Treatment of the disease in children

Rhinosinusitis in children is treated in a more gentle way, excluding the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and glucocorticosteroids. In this case, it is rational to use local steroids / antibiotics (Isofra, Bioparox, Protargol), rinse the sinuses more often with saline solutions, use Borjomi, and strengthen the child's immunity.

Only in the most extreme case, with a severely advanced form of the disease and in the event of a direct danger to the life of the baby, is it necessary to use classic "adult" drugs that have strong side effects and cause serious harm to the liver, kidneys and heart of your child.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies against rhinosinusitis, of course, are not a panacea for this disease, but they can really help you recover faster in the case of complex therapy with medications.

The most popular methods “of the people” are considered to be heating the nasal septum with hot salt in a bag, inhalation and instillation into the nose with herbal preparations based on calendula, valerian, chamomile, eucalyptus and sage, as well as compresses based on tinctures from the same herbs. It should be understood that the above methods must be agreed with your doctor in order to prevent deterioration and the occurrence of concomitant diseases.

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There are diseases that are characterized by mass character according to medical statistics. These include rhinosinusitis - what is it? Rhinosinusitis is a disease of the mucous membranes of the nose and paranasal sinuses with various infections and bacteria.

A disease appears in the form of an inflammatory process that affects the nasal mucosa.

Depending on how long the clinical symptoms last, the following forms of rhinosinusitis are distinguished:

• acute - the disease lasts at least one month, while the symptoms are pronounced;
• subacute - a person is sick for about three months, but after recovery, the symptoms completely stop;
• recurrent - the duration of symptoms is more than 10 days, and such episodes can occur up to 4 times a year;
• chronic rhinosinusitis - disturbing a person for more than 3 months.

Clinical picture of rhinosinusitis

The main symptoms of the disease include persistent headache, copious discharge from the nasal cavity, and difficult breathing. In addition, symptoms are often observed that are not characterized by permanent manifestations. These include a decrease in the quality of smell, a periodic cough. In some people, as a result of the disease, the ears are blocked, the body temperature rises, and the general weakness of the body is felt.

Maxillary rhinogenic sinusitis is accompanied by pain in the face, bridge of the nose and above the eyebrows. If a person suffers from sphenoiditis, he feels pain at the back of the head and in the central part of the head. Especially pain increases if you sharply turn or tilt your head.

When the sphenoid sinuses or the ethmoidal labyrinth are affected, mucous or purulent discharges are observed, which can drain down the nasopharynx or during blowing.

In order for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis to be effective, it is necessary to seek help from an otolaryngologist when the first signs of the disease appear. He must find out the cause of the development of the disease, and then prescribe high-quality treatment.

Why can a person get rhinosinusitis?

Most often, people, due to their constant employment, suffer from ARVI and a runny nose on their feet, despite the fact that all experts recommend bed rest. This is the first step towards rhinosinusitis.

In addition, the inflammatory process in the nose is quickly activated during the physical deformation of the nasal walls. So, the curvature of the septum, the presence of adenoids or polyps in the nose interferes with its self-cleansing, which leads to stagnation of mucus.

If a viral infection enters the body, the mucous membrane swells, and the glands begin to actively secrete their secretions. When the mucus stagnates, bacteria can easily settle there. If patients uncontrollably use antibacterial drugs, fungal rhinosinusitis develops.

Also, the cause can be chronic allergies, bronchial asthma, a weakened immune system. The influence of bad ecology is considered as an external factor of the disease.

Vasomotor form of the disease

Vasomotor rhinosinusitis is characterized by a narrowing of the nasal cavity, occurs due to swelling of the nasal concha. With such a pathology, the vessels dilate, and the nasal conchas swell, as a result of which a severe runny nose appears. How to treat vasomotor sinusitis with difficulty breathing and watery nasal discharge? Why self-medication can lead to suppuration of the sinuses?

In order to properly treat rhinosinusitis of this form, it is necessary to conduct a thorough examination to identify signs of VVD, make a visual examination of the nasal cavity, and take samples for allergens. This is the only way to accurately establish the diagnosis - vasomotor rhinosinusitis.

Rhinosinusitis chronic

This form of the disease can affect all the paranasal sinuses, both on one side and on both sides at once. Headaches are often given to the visual organs, especially at night and in bright sunlight. In addition to the secretion of viscous mucus, an unpleasant odor is always felt in the nose.

If a person knows what rhinosinusitis is and realizes that he has it, but does not consult a doctor, this can lead to:

• inflammation of the soft tissues of the face;
• the development of otitis media, bronchitis or pneumonia;
• the formation of abscesses in the eyes, which can result in the final loss of vision;
• meningitis, abscess or encephalitis;
• disruption of the central nervous system, after which a person may fall into a coma;
• the spread of infection through the blood to all vital organs;
• the worst outcome is death.

Preventive measures include the treatment of an acute form of the disease, the timely extraction or filling of teeth, the elimination of allergies, the strengthening of the immune system through frequent walks in the fresh air, sports, and hardening. It is very important to give up all bad habits.

Purulent rhinosinusitis

It occurs when infections and bacteria and other pathogens enter the epithelial tissues of the sinuses. Before treating purulent rhinosinusitis, it is important to conduct a study of bacteria from the nose by culture. Only then can the doctor make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the necessary medications.

Purulent form of rhinosinusitis - symptoms and treatment: signs of the disease include pain in the teeth, a swollen face, discomfort on palpation, aching joints, sleep problems. Treatment of chronic purulent rhinosinusitis involves thinning the mucus in the nose, restoring patency in it, as well as tissue regeneration, removal of puffiness, and increased immunity.

Recurrent catarrhal rhinosinusitis

Often this type of disease can be confused with the common cold. At the very beginning, a person feels a general malaise, quickly gets tired, while the body temperature rises, it becomes difficult to breathe, expectoration appears, the face swells, the head hurts, tears often flow, this is how catarrhal rhinosinusitis manifests itself.

If there are constant relapses, the situation is complicated by a decrease in working capacity, a deterioration in the quality of memory, and a loss of the sense of smell. Before deciding how to treat catarrhal rhinosinusitis, you should consult your doctor in order to avoid allergic reactions.

The manifestation of rhinosinusitis during pregnancy

During such a delicate period, the woman's body is undergoing hormonal changes, so the nasal mucosa may swell. There is discharge from the nose, as well as bleeding. In addition, the cause may be a respiratory viral infection.

The manifestation of the disease is the discomfort of nasal breathing for 10 days or more. So, the attending physician understands that a complication of simple rhinitis has developed into rhinosinusitis. The respiratory function is greatly complicated, so the use of vasoconstrictor drugs may be prescribed by a specialist.

Treatment of the disease

The main principle of treatment is a local effect on the focus of inflammation, as well as work on improving the protective functions of the body. The doctor's task is to help destroy the causative agent of the disease, prevent complications and cases of relapse, and reduce the duration of symptoms.

Before starting to treat rhinosinusitis, doctors must conduct an instrumental examination, collect a patient's history, and conduct laboratory tests.

Characteristic clinical manifestations suggest the use of antibiotic therapy. If there is purulent inflammation, antibiotics must be prescribed.

To cure chronic rhinosinusitis, in addition to special means, physiomagnetic therapy and laser treatment are used to relieve puffiness. Contents must be removed from all sinuses, and allergens must also be dealt with.

If you have to deal with maxillary rhinosinusitis, it is very common to resort to puncture and cleaning, since they are quite easy to perform. This makes it possible to wash the sinuses from the collected secret, as well as treat them with antiseptic agents.

Depending on the current situation, the clinic may recommend rinsing the nose with solutions, conducting so-called nasal douches, being treated with ultrasound, microwaves or ultra-high-frequency current.

Surgical intervention

Patients often ask the doctor what does the diagnosis of rhinosinusitis mean? Perhaps this is due to the fact that many are thinking about the need for surgery. Indications for this method arise if antibiotic therapy has not brought relief, and serious complications have formed inside the skull.

Today, preference is given to those methods of treatment that are less traumatic for a person, do not lead to the progression of the disease, and do not cause bronchial asthma.

Treatment of the disease with folk remedies at home

With rhinosinusitis, treatment with folk remedies can be effective when using drug therapy. Previously, grandmothers forced their children and grandchildren to breathe over boiled potatoes, covering themselves with a towel.

So, after twenty minutes of steam therapy, you had to lie down in a warm bed until your face cooled down. In addition to potatoes, the Asterisk balm or other substances with menthol or garlic are often used for inhalation.

To more effectively eliminate rhinosinusitis, treatment should be carried out by inhalation. Today, home poultices have been replaced by nebulizer inhalers. These include saline and alkaline solutions, drugs with antibiotics.

One of the most common questions that doctors receive is whether it is possible to warm the nose with rhinosinusitis? It is forbidden to warm up such a disease, since the inflammatory process can only intensify, which will lead to meningitis.

It must be remembered that vasomotor rhinosinusitis is a disease that affects the sinuses, in which a lot of secretion appears, which greatly interferes with breathing. A recurring ailment manifests itself in a person if no action is taken in time.

In order to know exactly what rhinosinusitis is and how to treat the disease, you first need to consult a doctor, and then follow all the instructions.

Acute rhinosinusitis can be diagnosed in both children and adults. The disease requires immediate treatment, as it often leads to serious complications.. If not treated in time, it can take a chronic form, in which the regulation of the vascular tone of the nose is disturbed (vasomotor rhinosinusitis). Therefore, the patient will have a runny nose almost all year round.

What is this disease

Acute rhinosinusitis is a pathology in which the nasal mucosa becomes inflamed.. The inflammatory process can also spread to the paranasal sinuses. Most often, the frontal sinuses are affected, but inflammation of the posterior sinuses is very rare. Rhinosinusitis is an independent disease, which is classified according to ICD 10 code J01.9.

Usually the disease is the result of an untreated runny nose and occurs approximately 7-10 days after a cold. Sometimes rhinosinusitis also appears under the influence of other factors (bacterial or viral infections, allergies, and others).

Forms of the disease

Acute rhinosinusitis in adults can have several main forms. The following are distinguished:

• Sinusitis (maxillary sinusitis). In this case, inflammation of the maxillary sinuses occurs, which are located above the upper jaw.
• Frontitis (frontal sinusitis). The inflammatory process affects the frontal sinuses.
• Etmoiditis. There is inflammation of the ethmoid sinuses.
• Sphenoiditis. The sphenoid sinuses become inflamed.
• Pansinusitis. In this case, the inflammation spreads to all paranasal sinuses.

There is unilateral and bilateral rhinosinusitis. In the first case, inflammation is observed only on one side, and in the second - on both sides.

Depending on how much the inflammatory process has progressed, the disease can be of the first or second stage. In the first case, rhinosinusitis is acute catarrhal. If a person has a runny nose, inflammation passes into the paranasal sinuses in about 2-3 days. Such rhinosinusitis almost does not differ from the common cold and is accompanied by nasal congestion, mild discharge from it, in some cases, patients complain of pain in the nose.

If the first stage of rhinosinusitis is not cured, the disease can progress to grade 2. In this case, acute purulent sinusitis is observed. Due to severe swelling of the mucous membrane, pus accumulates in the paranasal sinuses. This leads to an increase in the patient's body temperature, as well as to a deterioration in his general well-being.

The main causes of the disease and the mechanism of its occurrence

Rhinosinusitis is usually caused by a streptococcal infection.. If a person has problems with the immune system, the disease can also be caused by saprophytic bacteria (chlamydia) and fungi (for example, Candida).

Factors contributing to the occurrence of rhinosinusitis are as follows:

1. Frequent rhinitis, colds.
2. Incorrect structure of the nasal cavity, anomalies in the development of the paranasal sinuses. Often rhinosinusitis appears if a person has a deviated nasal septum.
3. Immune deficiency, vitamin deficiency, lack of micro and macro elements.

Usually rhinosinusitis appears in people suffering from a violation of the MCC (mucociliary clearance). In this case, conditions are observed in the human body that are optimal for the development of an infectious process. Violations of the MCC often occur with colds, for example, SARS. That is, usually rhinosinusitis is preceded by another disease. During ARVI, the vast majority of patients inflame the mucous membrane, as a result of which the secret (snot) stagnates in the paranasal sinuses. Nevertheless, rhinosinusitis after SARS appears only in 1-2% of all patients.

Besides, the disease also develops in patients with various anomalies of the structure of the nose. As a result, the permeability of the holes is blocked, which leads to a violation of the process of its purification. In the chronic course of the disease, the contents of the sinuses are very difficult to remove, since the cylindrical epithelium has practically lost its ability to remove bacteria and viruses from the mucous membrane.

The main manifestations of acute rhinosinusitis

There are several characteristic signs of acute rhinosinusitis. These include:

• Severe headache in the region of the paranasal sinuses. Most often, discomfort is localized in the frontal part..
• Viscous discharge from the nose. They can be yellow, brown, green or white.
• Nasal congestion, resulting in a nasal voice. That is, he speaks muffledly, and his speech is incomprehensible to others.
• Feeling of heaviness in the face. As a rule, it intensifies when the head is tilted.
• Temperature increase. However, this symptom is not observed in all patients.
• Drainage of mucus into throat. As a result, a person can expectorate it.
• Decreased sense of smell, decreased sensitivity of the nose.

But it must be borne in mind that different forms of the disease are accompanied by different signs. For example, in acute sinusitis, there is severe pain in the cheeks and forehead. But with acute sphenoiditis, patients complain of constant headache.

Diagnosis of the disease

Symptoms and treatment of acute rhinosinusitis in adults are interrelated with each other. Therefore, before prescribing various medications, the doctor must examine all the patient's complaints, as well as conduct a series of diagnostic tests. After all, different forms of the disease are treated differently. In addition, other diseases of the nasopharynx (measles, whooping cough, scarlet fever and others) also manifest similar symptoms.

After contacting a specialist, the patient should describe his feelings as accurately as possible.. He must say how long ago nasal congestion appeared, whether there are abundant discharges, whether they are purulent in nature. Be sure the patient notes whether he has headaches, how intense they are. During a conversation with a patient, the doctor may ask additional questions regarding the course of the disease.

Then the doctor conducts a general examination. To do this, he feels his forehead and cheeks, beats them. If severe pain appears during this, the doctor can make a preliminary diagnosis - frontal sinusitis or sinusitis. If there is severe swelling in the area of ​​the cheeks and eyes, the likelihood of a severe form of sinusitis is high. In this case, immediate hospitalization of the patient is required. However, to make a definitive diagnosis, the doctor must conduct additional diagnostic tests, which include:

• Rhinoscopy, or general examination of the nose. With rhinosinusitis, the nasal mucosa is red and swollen, and purulent or mucous discharges are observed in the passages.
• Endoscopic examination. This is a method that is an alternative to radiography. If purulent discharge is found in the middle nasal passages, the doctor diagnoses sinusitis or frontal sinusitis. When pus is present in the upper passage, the likelihood of ethmoiditis or sphenoiditis is high.
• Radiography. Using this method, you can determine if there is a pathological process in the paranasal sinuses. If they are filled with mucus or pus, then the sinuses will be darkened on an x-ray. Depending on the form of darkening, the doctor distinguishes catarrhal sinusitis from purulent.
• Puncture of the maxillary sinus. The procedure is quite unpleasant and painful, so it is carried out using an anesthetic.. The maxillary sinus is pierced with a thin long needle and its contents are drawn out with a syringe. Then the sinus is washed and the medicine is injected into it.
• ultrasound. It is rarely used to diagnose rhinosinusitis, since it is not always possible to make an accurate diagnosis with the help of ultrasound.
• CT scan. It is also rarely used because this method is expensive.

The material taken during the puncture is used to determine the bacteria that has become the causative agent of the disease. The analysis also allows you to determine whether the microorganism is resistant to antibiotic drugs. The doctor begins to treat rhinosinusitis only after an accurate diagnosis and determination of the form of the disease.

Treatment of rhinosinusitis

Therapy of rhinosinusitis involves the use of medication or non-pharmacological agents. With drug treatment, nasal drops and sprays are prescribed, and the duration of their use is 5-7 days. They are designed to reduce swelling of the mucous membrane, and also contribute to the rapid removal of the contents of the paranasal sinuses.

Antibiotics for rhinosinusitis are indicated only if the disease has a purulent form. The doctor prescribes Amoxicillin. If it does not help, stronger drugs are prescribed. Also during therapy, anti-inflammatory drugs are used, as well as mucolytics (thinn mucus).

Non-drug treatment of rhinosinusitis in adults includes several main methods:

• Puncture of the maxillary sinuses. It is also used to diagnose the disease. The maxillary sinus is pierced with a thin long needle in the thinnest place, all the pus is removed with a syringe, and then the drug is injected inside. However, this procedure has a significant drawback - to achieve the effect, it must be repeated several times until the sinus is completely cleared. Moreover, during the process, the patient may experience psychological stress. Complications after it appear very rarely (for example, the hole heals heavily after a puncture).

The doctor may install a special drainage (thin tube) after the first procedure. Due to this, there is no need to carry out repeated punctures - washings are carried out directly through the tube. However, if the drainage is not removed for more than a month, this will adversely affect the mucous membrane.

• Puncture of the frontal sinuses. It is carried out only in cases where there is a very severe course of the disease. After the procedure, the patient must stay in a hospital for 4-5 days.
• YAMIK catheter. In this case, the treatment is carried out without the use of a puncture. The patient is given an anesthetic injection, after which the doctor inserts a rubber catheter into the nose. Due to this, an airtight space is formed inside. Then the contents of the sinuses are sucked out with a special syringe. During this procedure, access immediately to all paranasal sinuses appears. Moreover, the integrity of the mucous membrane is not violated, so there is no need for a long stay of patients in a hospital. However, at one time it is impossible to get all the contents, so the procedures are repeated.

A fairly effective method of treatment is nasal lavage using saline or a special antiseptic solution. The process can be performed at home or in an ENT doctor's office.

If the patient has complications from the eyes or brain, immediate surgical intervention is required. Among the possible consequences are: the flow of the disease into a chronic form, the spread of inflammation to the respiratory tract and eyes (which can lead to partial or complete loss of vision), brain abscess, meningitis. The last two diseases are fatal if they are not treated promptly.

The use of folk remedies

Treatment of rhinosinusitis with folk remedies is possible, but only after consultation with your doctor. To quickly eliminate the symptoms of pathology, such home remedies will help:

1. Steam inhalation over jacket potatoes. Boil a few potatoes, drain the water, and then breathe over the steam. The duration of the procedure is at least 15 minutes. Immediately after the procedure, you must lie down in a warm bed.
2. Steam inhalation with "Asterisk". A small amount of balm is added to boiling water, after which the patient covers his head with a towel and breathes in steam. The procedure should last about 5-7 minutes.
3. Egg compress on the nose. Eggs are hard boiled, wrapped in a cloth, and then applied to the nose. Keep until the eggs are completely cool. You have to be careful not to burn yourself.

To prevent rhinosinusitis, it is necessary to avoid hypothermia. You should also lead a healthy lifestyle, eat right and exercise. When the first symptoms of the disease appear, you should be examined by a doctor.