Soe 19 what does it mean. For what reasons are ESR elevated in an adult? What does this mean and how does it affect the body? Norms of erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Watch a video about ESR

What factors can influence analysis bias?

Preparation before blood sampling is important. The patient should not eat for 8 hours, and blood is taken only on an empty stomach.

You should not smoke 60 minutes before the laboratory test.

The article discloses information about the nature and causes of elevated ESR in the blood, as well as what the consequences for men, women and children may be.

What does an elevated ESR in the blood indicate?

• Viral disease, for example, SARS
• The presence of a bacterial infection in the body
• Pathologies associated with the kidneys
• Rheumatism
• Diabetes mellitus;
• Cardiac failure
• Lymphoma
• Other disorders of the body

ESR norm - table

Initially, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is influenced by those factors that are included in the clinical analysis formula. In advantage, it changes the rate of the level of erythrocytes, namely the increase and decrease of pigments and bile acids.

Possible causes of increased ESR in the blood

• Infection. Infections of a bacterial nature signal themselves by exceeding the norm. The most common foci of such diseases are the respiratory tract and the genitourinary system.
• Diseases for which tissue breakdown is characteristic: purulent diseases, malignant neoplasms, tuberculosis and heart attack
• Diseases of an autoimmune nature. An example of such problems can be lupus erythematosus, arthritis, thrombocytopenic purpura, and others. The change in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate occurs due to the fact that all of the listed diseases greatly change the blood plasma, as a result of which it becomes defective.
• Kidney diseases. Often there are cases of an increase in ESR due to the fact that the level of protein in the blood decreases, which is excreted from the body through urine and, in turn, affects the renal vessels
• Pathologies associated with metabolism (diabetes mellitus or thyrotoxicosis)

Advice: it is necessary to take into account the fact that even a slight cold can provoke an increase in ESR. For this reason, for a comprehensive blood test, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of a cold.

Among women

• Pregnancy period
• period of menstruation
• The period after childbirth
• Period before menopause

In men

• Oncological diseases
• Infectious diseases of the genitourinary system
• Tuberculosis
• Hepatitis

The child has

Advice: It is strongly recommended that you tell your doctor about your healthy lifestyle before taking ESR tests. And also, about the presence of smoking in it or other aforementioned factors that can provoke a jump in red blood cells. This will allow the doctor to quickly recognize the reasons for the non-compliance with the ESR norm.

What is ESR: video

Thus, it is important to regularly do a comprehensive blood test. In this case, it will be possible to avoid serious problems in the future.

An important indicator in the general blood test (CBC) is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The marker evaluates the work of the internal systems of a person. If the norm of ESR in the blood does not correspond to the permissible values ​​​​(increased or greatly reduced), we can talk about pathological processes in the body of a different nature.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is part of a complete blood count

Norm of ESR in the blood - table by age

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is not a constant value, because it is closely related to age, gender and some physiological changes (pregnancy, menstrual cycle). The marker unit is mm per hour. Within 60 minutes, the rapidity of precipitation of blood cells is observed.

Table "The norm of ESR in the blood by age and gender"

Reasons for the deviation of indicators from the norm

In 5% of people on the planet, the rate of sedimentation of blood cells is very different from the norm. This is due to their physiological characteristics and is not a pathology. If disturbances in the KLA are not associated with natural processes in the body, this indicates the development of specific diseases.

ESR above normal

A high rate of precipitation of blood cells is a clear sign of pathology. It is also called accelerated ESR syndrome. According to ICD 10 (International Classification of Diseases), this indicator is allocated to a separate group R70 - accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation and anomalies in blood viscosity.

The causes of this condition may be the following diseases:

• inflammation in the internal organs - hepatitis, cystitis, pneumonia, colds, tuberculosis, purulent lesions (sepsis), meningitis;
• infectious processes of the respiratory tract;
• condition after surgery;
• anemia;
• oncology (usually ESR goes off scale with cancer in the last stages);
• excess of the permissible amount of cholesterol in the blood against the background of severe obesity or diabetes mellitus;
• chronic or acute impairment of kidney function.

Elevated ESR may indicate an excess of cholesterol

Frequent factors that can affect the level of ESR in the blood are:

• shock, stress;
• taking hormonal drugs;
• the period of gestation or breastfeeding;
• elderly age.

With accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation syndrome, the symptoms of the disease may not appear. In this case, only an increased ESR in the KLA can indicate abnormal deviations in the body.

Decreased ESR

A decrease in the rate of sedimentation of blood cells is considered a pathology if the patient has severe dystrophy of muscle tissue or there are problems in water-salt synthesis.

There are no other serious reasons for slowing down the ESR, but there are non-pathological factors for weak erythrocyte sedimentation:

• low protein nutrition;
• fasting partial or complete;
• early pregnancy.

Decreased ESR rates are observed in early pregnancy

The use of hormonal drugs (corticosteroids) can also slow down the formation of erythrocyte sediment. After completion of treatment, the tests return to normal.

Methods for testing blood for ESR

The level of blood cell sedimentation rate is examined in two main ways:

• according to Panchenkov;
• according to Westergner.

According to Westergner

For research, venous blood is taken. The glass tube is used with an exact division into 200 lines, 1 mm each. The mixing of blood with the reagent takes place in a test tube and is left for 1 hour. After the allotted time, a column of blood plasma is measured without settled erythrocytes.

The study of biological material according to Westergner is a very sensitive analysis, the reliability of which is quite high, which is recognized in international medical practice.

The reliability of ESR according to Westergner is very high

According to Panchenkov

The Panchenkov method is a well-known blood test from a finger.

How to conduct:

• capillary blood sampling is carried out by puncturing the ring finger with a scarifier;
• biological material is removed with a glass tube graduated to 100 divisions;
• a specific solution (coagulant) is placed on a special glass of a concave shape and the test blood is added in a ratio of 1 to 4;
• lost the ability to thicken, the liquid is drawn into a pipette - Panchenkov's capillary, - set in a standing position and wait 60 minutes, during which erythrocyte sedimentation occurs;
• the distance from the beginning of the brightened plasma to the deposit is measured (in mm).

The method of measuring ESR according to Panchenkov is very common in medical practice, but its sensitivity is lower than with a clinical analysis of blood from a vein.

According to the Panchenkov method, blood and coagulant are first placed on a special glass

How to prepare for a blood draw

A blood test to detect ESR does not require special preparation for the patient.

It is enough to follow a few simple recommendations:

• stop eating and any drinks 4-5 hours before the procedure;
• avoid stress and anxiety a few hours before donating blood;
• 30–40 minutes before sampling, refrain from smoking;
• do not overdo it with physical activity on the eve of the test.

Do not smoke before testing

Experts do not advise conducting a clinical analysis against the background of severe stress, overwork of the body or taking hormonal drugs. This can distort the results of the study, significantly increasing the rate of sedimentation of blood cells.

ESR in a child - Komarovsky

Fatty foods affect ESR

False-positive results can also occur in women during menstruation, as well as in late pregnancy. Medical error is not ruled out. Therefore, for the reliability of the decoding, before taking blood, you must fulfill all the requirements of a specialist, and, if necessary, retake the analysis again.

How to lower the ESR in the blood

An increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in itself is not a pathology. The indicator only indicates possible deviations in the work of internal organs. Therefore, it is not necessary to purposefully reduce the ESR. The values ​​in the clinical analysis are normalized independently after the course of drug therapy for a particular disease.

If the rate of precipitation of blood cells is observed in a healthy person, experts recommend:

• use vitamin complexes and mineral supplements prescribed by a doctor;
• to refuse from bad habits;
• stick to proper nutrition.

Regular consumption of freshly squeezed beetroot juice, citrus juices with honey helps to quickly reduce the level of ESR. It is possible to gradually normalize this indicator by minimizing stressful situations, moderate physical exertion and good sleep.

Beetroot juice well lowers ESR

Accelerated sedimentation of blood cells in biological material is a non-permanent marker that is sensitive to many stimuli. It can increase both during inflammatory and infectious processes in the body, and respond to a person’s lifestyle (insufficient mobility, bad habits, medication, temporary physiological changes). Therefore, treatment begins only after identifying the true cause of deviations in the normal ESR.

Laboratory analysis of the determination of ESR in the blood is a non-specific test for inflammatory processes in the body. The study is highly sensitive, but with its help it is impossible to establish the cause of the increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in the blood test.

ESR, definition

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate serves as an indicator of the overall clinical analysis. By determining the rate at which erythrocyte sedimentation occurs, it is estimated in dynamics how effective the treatment is, how quickly recovery occurs.

Methods of analysis for elevated ESR have been known since the beginning of the last century, as a study to determine the ROE, which means "erythrocyte sedimentation reaction", erroneously such a blood test is called soy.

Analysis for the determination of ROE

An analysis to determine the rate at which erythrocytes are deposited is carried out in the morning. At this time, ROE is higher than during the day or in the evening. The analysis is taken on an empty stomach after 8-14 hours of fasting. For the study, material is taken from a vein or taken after a finger puncture. An anticoagulant is added to the sample to prevent clotting.

Then the tube with the sample is placed vertically and incubated for one hour. During this time, the separation of plasma and red blood cells occurs. The erythrocytes settle to the bottom of the tube under the action of gravity, and a column of transparent plasma remains above them.

The height of the liquid column above the settled erythrocytes shows the value of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The unit of measurement of ESR is mm/hour. The erythrocytes that sink to the bottom of the tube form a blood clot.

An elevated ESR means that the test results are higher than normal, and this is caused by a high content of proteins that promote gluing of red blood cells in the blood plasma.

A high level of ESR can be caused by reasons associated with a change in the composition of proteins in the blood plasma:

• a reduced level of albumin protein, which normally prevents aggregation (aggregation) of erythrocytes;
• an increase in plasma concentration of immunoglobulins, fibrinogen, which enhance the aggregation of red blood cells;
• reduced density of red blood cells;
• changes in plasma pH;
• malnutrition - deficiency of minerals and vitamins.

A high ESR in the blood does not have an independent meaning, but such a study is used in combination with other diagnostic methods, and this means that one cannot draw a conclusion about the nature of the disease in a patient from the analysis alone.

If ESR levels in the blood rise after diagnosis, this means that it is necessary to change the treatment regimen, conduct additional tests to establish the real reason why soy remains high.

Normal level of ROE values

The range of values ​​that are considered normal is determined statistically when examining healthy people. The average value of ROE is taken as the norm. This means that in some healthy adults, the ESR in the blood will be elevated.

The norm in the blood depends:

• from age:
  • in older people, soy is higher than in young men and women;
  • in children, ESR is lower than in adults;
• from gender - this means that women have higher ESR than men.

By exceeding the norm of ESR in the blood, it is impossible to diagnose the disease. Elevated values ​​can be found in perfectly healthy people, while there are cases of normal test values ​​in cancer patients.

The reason for the increased ESR may be an increase in the concentration of cholesterol in the blood, oral contraceptives, anemia, pregnancy. The presence of bile salts, increased plasma viscosity, and the use of analgesics can reduce the analysis indicators.

ESR norm (measured in mm / hour):

• in children;
  • age 1-7 days - from 2 to 6;
  • 12 months - from 5 to 10;
  • 6 years - from 4 to 12;
  • 12 years - from 4 - 12;
• adults;
  • in men;
    • up to 50 years from 6 to 12;
    • men after 50 years - from 15 to 20;
  • among women;
    • up to 30 years - from 8 to 15;
    • women from 30 to 50 years old -8 - 20;
    • in women, starting from the age of 50 - 15-20;
    • in pregnant women - from 20 to 45.

Increased ESR in women during pregnancy is observed from 10-11 weeks, and is able to remain at a high level in the blood for another month after childbirth.

If a woman has a high ESR in the blood for longer than 2 months after childbirth, and the increase reaches 30 mm / h, this means that inflammation develops in the body.

There are 4 degrees of increase in the level of ESR in the blood:

• the first degree corresponds to the norm;
• the second degree falls in the range from 15 to 30 mm / h - this means that the soybean is moderately increased, the changes are reversible;
• the third degree of elevated ESR is the analysis of soybeans above the norm (from 30 mm / h to 60), which means that there is a strong aggregation of red blood cells, a lot of gamma globulins have appeared, the amount of fibrinogen has increased;
• the fourth degree corresponds to a high level of ESR, the test results exceed 60 mm / h, which means a dangerous deviation of all indicators.

Diseases with elevated ESR

ESR in an adult can be increased in the blood for reasons:

• acute and chronic infections;
• autoimmune diseases;
• systemic pathologies of connective tissues;
  • vasculitis;
  • arthritis
  • systemic lupus erythematosus - SLE;
• malignant tumors:
  • hemoblastoses;
  • collagenosis;
  • multiple myeloma;
  • Hodgkin's disease;
• tissue necrosis;
• amyloidosis;
• heart attack;
• stroke
• obesity;
• stress
• purulent diseases;
• diarrhea;
• burn;
• liver diseases;
• nephrotic syndrome;
• jade;
• large blood loss;
• intestinal obstruction;
• operations;
• trauma;
• chronic hepatitis;
• elevated cholesterol.

Accelerates the reaction of erythrocyte sedimentation food intake, the use of aspirin, vitamin A, morphine, dextrans, theophylline, methyldopa. In women, menstruation can cause an increase in ESR in the blood.

It is advisable for women of reproductive age to conduct a soy blood test 5 days after the last day of menstruation so that the results do not exceed the norm.

In adults under 30 years old, if the ESR in blood tests is increased to 20 mm / h, this condition means that there is a focus of inflammation in the body. For the elderly, this value is within the normal range.

Diseases occurring with a decrease in ESR

A decrease in the rate of sedimentation of red blood cells is observed in diseases:

• cirrhosis of the liver;
• heart failure;
• erythrocytosis;
• sickle anemia;
• spherocytosis;
• polycythemia;
• mechanical jaundice;
• hypofibrinogenemia.

Slows down the rate of sedimentation in the treatment of calcium chloride, corticosteroids, diuretics, glucose. The use of corticosteroids, treatment with albumin can reduce the activity of the erythrocyte sedimentation reaction.

ROE values ​​in diseases

The greatest rise in analysis values ​​occurs in inflammatory and oncological processes. An increase in the values ​​of analyzes for ESR is noted 2 days after the onset of inflammation, which means that inflammatory proteins appeared in the blood plasma - fibrinogen, complement proteins, immunoglobulins.

The cause of a very high ESR in the blood is not always a deadly disease. With symptoms of inflammation of the ovaries, fallopian tubes in women, signs of purulent sinusitis, otitis media and other purulent infectious diseases, blood ESR tests can reach 40 mm / h - an indicator that is not usually expected in these diseases.

In acute purulent infections, the indicator can reach the level of 100 mm / h, but this does not mean that a person is terminally ill. This means that you need to be treated and do the analysis again after 3 weeks (erythrocyte lifetime), and sound the alarm if there is no positive dynamics, and soy in the blood is still elevated.

The reasons why there is a sharply increased high soybean in the blood, reaching up to 100 mm / h, are:

• pneumonia;
• flu;
• bronchitis;
• hepatitis;
• fungal, viral infections.

SLE, arthritis, tuberculosis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, ectopic pregnancy - with all these and a number of other diseases, adults have an increased ESR in blood tests, which means that the body is actively producing antibodies and inflammatory factors.

In children, the ESR index is sharply increased during acute infection with roundworms, the amount of immunoglobulins in the blood increases, which means that the risk of allergic reactions increases. ESR in helminthiases in children can reach 20-40 mm/h.

Soy rises up to 30 and above with ulcerative colitis. Anemia is another reason why a woman has high soy in the blood, its value increases to 30 mm / hour. Increased soy in the blood of women with anemia is a very unfavorable symptom, which means low hemoglobin in combination with an inflammatory process, and occurs in pregnant women.

In a woman of reproductive age, the cause of an elevated ESR in the blood, reaching 45 mm / h, may be endometriosis.

The growth of the endometrium increases the risk of infertility. That is why, if a woman has an increased ESR in the blood, and increases with repeated studies, she definitely needs to be examined by a gynecologist to rule out this disease.

An acute inflammatory process in tuberculosis raises the ESR values ​​to 60 and above. The Koch wand that causes this disease is not sensitive to most anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics.

Changes in autoimmune diseases

Significantly rises ESR in autoimmune diseases that occur chronically, with frequent relapses. By repeated analysis, one can get an idea of ​​whether the disease is in the acute stage, to determine how correctly the treatment regimen is chosen.

In rheumatoid arthritis, the ESR values ​​increase to 25 mm/h, and during exacerbations they exceed 40 mm/h. If a woman has an elevated ESR, reaching 40 mm / h, this means that the amount of immunoglobulins in the blood is increased, and one of the possible causes of this condition is thyroiditis. This disease is often autoimmune in nature and is 10 times less common in men.

With SLE, the values ​​of the analyzes increase to 45 mm/h and even more, and can reach 70 mm/h, the level of increase often does not correspond to the danger of the patient's condition. And a sharp increase in analysis indicators means the addition of an acute infection.

In kidney diseases, the range of ESR values ​​is very wide, the indicators vary depending on gender, the degree of the disease from 15 to 80 mm/h, always exceeding the norm.

Indicators for oncology

High ESR in adults with oncological diseases is more often noted due to a solitary (single) tumor, while blood test indicators reach values ​​of 70-80 mm / h and more.

A high level is observed in malignant neoplasms:

• bone marrow;
• intestines;
• lungs;
• ovary;
• mammary glands;
• cervix;
• lymph nodes.

Such high rates are also observed in other diseases, mainly in acute infections. If the patient does not experience a decrease in test scores when taking anti-inflammatory drugs, then the doctor may refer the patient for an additional examination to rule out cancer.

Not always with oncology, the ESR in the blood rises sharply and its value is much higher than the norm, which does not allow using such a study as a diagnostic one. There are enough cases when an oncological disease occurs with an ESR of less than 20 mm / h.

However, this analysis can help in the diagnosis already at the early stages of the disease, since an increase in the analysis indicators is noted in the early stages of cancer, when there are often no clinical symptoms of the disease.

With an increase in ESR in the blood, there is no single treatment regimen, since the reasons for the increase are varied. It is possible to influence the test results only if the treatment of the disease that caused the increase in ESR is started.

Although ESR is a very important indicator, most people know little about it. Some may not even know what the norm is. However, let's first find out what this indicator is.

What does SOE mean?

It's actually not a term, but an abbreviation. Full decoding of ESR is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

The study of this indicator began in 1918, when the Swedish scientist Robin Fareus discovered that red blood cells behave differently at different ages and during pregnancy, as well as during various ailments. Later, other scientists, Westergren and Winthrop, began to work on the creation of methods for studying their behavior. Even now, this parameter is measured during the course. However, when the ESR is increased, what this means, few people understand. But you should not panic thoughtlessly from such news, too many factors can And even if you have some kind of inflammation or illness, it is likely that now you can cure them without difficulty. The main thing is to immediately contact a specialist.

What is the ESR standard?

The rate is influenced by factors such as age and gender.

The causes of increased ESR in the blood in women can also be pregnancy. But of course there are many other factors as well. The following table of ESR for women will help determine your rate (note that these indicators do not take into account the special conditions of the body, which will be discussed a little later).

Everyone under the age of 14 has the same ESR. Only age matters, therefore, if you are looking for a norm only for girls and cannot find it, then you do not need to worry.

Age is not the only criterion. Factors can be the most unexpected, for example, too heavy breakfast at best, and at worst - a malignant tumor.

If what does it mean?

There can be many reasons for this test result. But basically, doctors share 6 main reasons why women have ESR above normal:

The deviation of erythrocytes from the norm can be either an increase or a decrease. Basically, there is an increase in ESR, but there are enough cases of its decrease. There can be many factors: both poisoning, hepatitis, and simply blood pathologies. As a rule, the latter appears already in adulthood. Also, under certain conditions, vegetarianism can cause a change in the level of red blood cells.

There are three methods by which this parameter is usually monitored: Westergren, Padchenkov, Vintroba.

The most universal technique used around the world to determine the ESR is the Westergren technique. Blood from a vein is mixed with sodium citrate and left for a while (about an hour) in a test tube. The results obtained by this method are considered more accurate.

Pachenkov's method differs from the previous one only in that blood is taken from capillaries and is used only in the countries of the former USSR. The results are the same as in the first method, but usually Westergren is more trusted.

The latter, the Wintrob method, is special in that the blood is not diluted, but an anticoagulant is added to it and analyzed in a special tube. This method has disadvantages, since if the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is too high (more than 60 mm/h), the analysis cannot be done.

What does the result of the analysis depend on?

Numerous factors can affect the activity of red blood cells, so many details are taken into account when determining the results and how they correspond to the norm. The reasons for the increased ESR in the blood in women may lie in the time of the procedure, age, lifestyle, health status and other nuances.

The index is mainly affected by:

• taking oral contraceptives;
• anemia;
• the time of the procedure;
• immunoglobulins in the body;
• allergy;
• menstruation;
• too hearty breakfast;
• inflammation.

RBCs settle due to gravity because they weigh more than plasma. By itself, the ESR will not show what the problem is, but together with other parameters, it will already be possible to make a diagnosis. Also, the analysis can help to detect hidden ailments and pathologies, due to which it will be possible to start their treatment on time. Any therapist will be able to determine a possible diagnosis with obvious other symptoms, but in some specific cases, a more detailed diagnosis will be needed.

How to return ESR to normal?

When something in the body goes beyond a healthy state, any person has a natural desire to return everything back to normal.

And how to do it? Only cure the cause, that is, the disease that caused the increase in ESR. Of course, self-treatment will not lead to anything good. Instead of looking for the necessary antibiotics and other drugs on your own on the Internet, it is better to immediately contact a specialist. It is he who will prescribe the necessary course of treatment after determining the diagnosis. After a successful cure for the disease, the ESR will return to normal after some time (2-4 weeks in adults and up to 6 weeks in children).

With anemia, iron-containing foods, proteins and some folk methods will help restore the indicator, but in this case it is also better to consult a doctor.

If you are just dieting, fasting or experiencing a special physiological state (pregnancy, lactation, menstruation), then the indicator will return to the desired level as soon as your normal physical condition is established. In that case, there is nothing to worry about.

Elevated ESR in children

If you are worried about your child, then know that this indicator often increases with infectious diseases and inflammations, especially along with a violation of the norm of other blood test indicators and a general deterioration in physical condition, as well as with typical symptoms of diseases. Another factor may be the use of certain drugs.

Below is a list of diseases that are characterized by an increase in ESR during the examination: infections (ARI, bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, cystitis, hepatitis, fungus, cystitis, etc.), diseases of the liver, kidneys, biliary tract, anemia, tuberculosis, blood diseases, gastrointestinal -intestinal tract, cardiovascular system, metabolic disorders, endocrine gland dysfunction (diabetes), oncology, bleeding, trauma.

In childhood, most diseases and ailments are more easily tolerated than in a conscious or even more advanced age, but only if they are detected in time. Therefore, it is very important to regularly show the child to the doctor.

Conclusion

We were able to figure out what ESR means, what is its norm, because of what there may be violations, and how not to suffer from them. Remember that only a doctor can make correct conclusions about the results of the tests.

If, after receiving the results of a blood test, you want to know the causes of increased ESR in the blood in women, then first make sure that your physiological state is normal. If your body is not affected by any of the special factors listed above (fasting, pregnancy, etc.), then you should undergo a more detailed examination by a doctor. Only a specialist will be able, taking into account the individual characteristics of the body, to figure out what is wrong with you after a detailed diagnosis. That is why it is important to regularly undergo preventive examinations for the whole family, because the desire to stay healthy plays a key role. And although this factor was discovered a long time ago, it still continues to help doctors fulfill the Hippocratic oath, and ordinary mortals to enjoy a healthy life.