Universal broad-spectrum antibiotics. New and best broad-spectrum antibiotics: names of tablets, ointments, drops, suspensions

Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of living cells or lead to their death. May be of natural or semi-synthetic origin. Used to treat infectious diseases caused by the growth of bacteria and harmful microorganisms.

Universal

Broad-spectrum antibiotics - list:

1. Penicillins.
2. Tetracyclines.
3. Erythromycin.
4. Quinolones.
5. Metronidazole.
6. Vancomycin.
7. Imipenem.
8. Aminoglycoside.
9. Levomycetin (chloramphenicol).
10. Neomycin.
11. Monomycin.
12. Rifamcin.
13. Cephalosporins.
14. Kanamycin.
15. Streptomycin.
16. Ampicillin.
17. Azithromycin.

These drugs are used in cases where it is impossible to accurately determine the causative agent of the infection. Their advantage is a large list of microorganisms that are sensitive to the active substance. But there is also a drawback: in addition to pathogenic bacteria, broad-spectrum antibiotics contribute to suppression of the immune system and disruption of normal intestinal microflora.

List of strong new generation antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action:

1. Cefaclor.
2. Cefamandole.
3. Unidox Solutab.
4. Cefuroxime.
5. Rulid.
6. Amoxiclav.
7. Cefroxitin.
8. Lincomycin.
9. Cefoperazone.
10. Ceftazidime.
11. Cefotaxime.
12. Latamoxef.
13. Cefixime.
14. Cefpodoxime.
15. Spiramycin.
16. Rovamycin.
17. Clarithromycin.
18. Roxithromycin.
19. Klacid.
20. Sumamed.
21. Fuzidin.
22. Avelox.
23. Moxifloxacin.
24. Ciprofloxacin.

Antibiotics of the new generation are notable for their deeper degree of purification of the active substance. Thanks to this, the drugs have much less toxicity compared to earlier analogues and cause less harm to the body as a whole.

Narrowly targeted:

Bronchitis

The list of antibiotics for cough and bronchitis usually does not differ from the list of broad-spectrum drugs. This is explained by the fact that the analysis of sputum takes about seven days, and until the causative agent of the infection is precisely identified, a product with the maximum number of bacteria sensitive to it is needed.

In addition, recent studies show that in many cases the use of antibiotics in the treatment of bronchitis is unjustified. The point is that the purpose similar drugs effective if the nature of the disease is bacterial. If the cause of bronchitis is a virus, antibiotics will not have any positive effect.

Frequently used antibiotic drugs with inflammatory processes in the bronchi:

1. Ampicillin.
2. Amoxicillin.
3. Azithromycin.
4. Cefuroxime.
5. Ceflocor.
6. Rovamycin.
7. Cefodox.
8. Lendatsin.
9. Ceftriaxone.
10. Macropen.

Angina

List of antibiotics for sore throat:

1. Penicillin.
2. Amoxicillin.
3. Amoxiclav.
4. Augmentin.
5. Ampiox.
6. Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
7. Oxacillin.
8. Cefradine.
9. Cephalexin.
10. Erythromycin.
11. Spiramycin.
12. Clarithromycin.
13. Azithromycin.
14. Roxithromycin.
15. Josamycin.
16. Tetracycline.
17. Doxycycline.
18. Lidaprim.
19. Biseptol.
20. Bioparox.
21. Inhalipt.
22. Grammidin.

The listed antibiotics are effective against sore throats caused by bacteria, most often by betahemolytic streptococci. As for the disease caused by fungal microorganisms, the list is as follows:

1. Nystatin.
2. Levorin.
3. Ketoconazole.

Colds and flu (ARI, ARVI)

Antibiotics for common cold not included in the list of required medicines, given the fairly high toxicity of antibiotics and possible side effects. Treatment with antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs is recommended, as well as restoratives. In any case, it is necessary to consult a therapist.

Sinusitis

List of antibiotics for sinusitis - in tablets and for injections:

1. Zitrolide.
2. Macropen.
3. Ampicillin.
4. Amoxicillin.
5. Flemoxin solutab.
6. Augmentin.
7. Hiconcil.
8. Amoxil.
9. Gramox.
10. Cephalexin.
11. Digital
12. Sporidex.
13. Rovamycin.
14. Ampiox.
15. Cefotaxime.
16. Vertsef.
17. Cefazolin.
18. Ceftriaxone.
19. Duracef.

Nowadays, antibiotics from the group of cephalosporins, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, imipenems, and penicillins are widely used. The most powerful antibiotics are broad-spectrum antibiotics that have a detrimental effect on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

So, let's look at the main groups of the most powerful antibiotics.

Cephalosporins

These are the most powerful antibiotics with a broad spectrum of action and work bactericidal. They are well tolerated, due to the low likelihood of unwanted effects. This group contains 4 generations:

1st generation cephalosporins:
* Cefazolin (rizolin, cesolin, kefzol)
* Cephalexin (sporidex, ceff, ospexin)
* Cefadroxil (Durocef, Biodroxil)
1st generation drugs are well active against staphylococci.

2nd generation cephalosporins:
* Cefaclor (Vercef, Taracef)
* Cefamandole (cefat)
* Cefuroxime (Axetine, Ketocef, Zinnate)
The drugs are active against Klebsiella, Proteus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Escherichia coli.

3rd generation cephalosporins:
* Cefotaxime (claforan, cefosin)
* Cefoperazone (medocef, cephobid)
* Ceftazidime (Fortum, Fotrazyme)
* Ceftibuten (cedex)
* Ceftriaxone (lendacin, torcef)
This generation is often used for treatment in hospitals for diseases such as pneumonia, pyelonephritis, infections of the abdominal area and pelvis, osteomyelitis, and meningitis.

4th generation cephalosporins are the most powerful antibiotics:
* Cefepime (maxipim)
Even more widely used than the 3rd generation.
In the 4th generation more serious side effects: nephrotoxicity, hematotoxicity, neurotoxicity, dysbacteriosis.

Macrolides

Macrolides are antibiotics of narrow use, effective against gram-positive bacteria. They have a bacteriostatic effect, that is, they stop the growth of bacterial cells. They do not suppress the immune system.
Representatives of this group are erythromycin, oleandomycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, josamycin, spiramycin, roxithromycin. Clarithromycin and josamycin are the most powerful macrolide antibiotics. They are used to treat respiratory infections, otitis, sinusitis, chlamydial infections, in dentistry, and for irradiation of stomach ulcers.

Side effects of macrolides:
- sensitivity quickly decreases
—
- dyspepsia
- phlebitis during injections.

Fluoroquinolones

Fluoroquinolones are the most powerful broad-spectrum antibiotics. They are divided into early fluoroquinolones (1st generation) - they show significant activity against gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. “New” fluoroquinolones (2nd generation) in relation to gram-negative bacteria are not inferior to the 1st generation (except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most powerful antibiotic against Pseudomonas aeruginosa is ciprofloxacin). They circulate in the blood for a long time, which allows the use of 1st generation drugs 2 times a day, and lomefloxacin and moxifloxacin - once a day. They penetrate perfectly into individual organs and tissues.

Individual representatives:
* Ciprofloxacin (ciprobay, ciprolet, tsifran). Used for respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, infections of the skin, soft tissues, suppuration of bones, joints, STDs, sepsis, meningitis.
* Lomefloxacin (lomflox, maxaquin) - used: general indications+ chlamydia, tuberculosis.
* Norfloxacin (nolicin, norbactin, normax) - for urinary infections.
* Ofloxacin (zanocin, ofloxin, tarivid). Prescribed for: general indications + chlamydia, Helicobacter pylori, gardnerella.
* Pefloxacin (abactal, perti).
* Sparfloxacin (Sparflo).
* Levofloxacin (Tavanic)
* Moxifloxacin (Avelox)

Side effects: arthrotoxicity, phototoxicity, dyspepsia, toxic liver damage.

Carbapenems

Carbapenems are also the most powerful antibiotics with a broad spectrum of action. Used as a reserve agent for infections caused by resistant enterobacteria and anaerobes.
Individual representatives:
* Thienam (imipenem + cilastatin)
* Meropenem (meronem)
Side effects: phlebitis, candidiasis, allergies, dyspepsia.

Penicillins

Penicillins are the most powerful general purpose antibiotics. Low toxicity, excreted mainly by the kidneys.
Individual representatives:
* Benzylpenicillin (sodium, potassium, novocaine salt)
* Long-acting penicillins (penicillin procaine, bicillin 1, 3, 5.
* Phenoxymethylpenicillin
* Ampicillin
* Oxacillin
* Ampiox
* Amoxicillin (flemoxin solutab, hiconcil)
* Amoxicillin clavulanate (amoxiclav, augmentin, moxiclav, clavocin)
* Ampicillin+sulbactam

Antibiotics of the penicillin group are used for infections of the respiratory system, genitourinary system, stomach and intestines, skin, suppuration of soft tissues, syphilis, gonorrhea. Protected penicillins have a wider spectrum of action. Penicillins are prescribed from birth. They can be drunk by pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, breastfeeding according to indications.
The main side effects are dyspeptic disorders, allergies, toxic effects for blood.

Among medications, an important place is occupied by the latest generation of antibiotics, which are active against many microbes. They are used to treat infectious pathologies, which has significantly reduced the mortality rate of patients from pneumonia and pyelonephritis, which are now commonplace. Thanks to antibiotics, the course of bronchitis and sinusitis is eased and recovery is accelerated, and it has also become possible to perform complex surgical operations. They can even be successfully treated with antibiotics.

Broad spectrum antibiotics (BSAS)

This category of antimicrobial drugs includes substances active against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. The former are pathogens intestinal diseases, inflammatory pathologies of the genitourinary and Gram-positive organisms often cause wound infections and mediate the occurrence of postoperative complications in surgery.

List of ABSHS of different release times

Some broad-spectrum antibiotics of the latest generation are also active against protozoal infections. An example are the nitroimidazole derivatives - tinidazole, ornidazole and metronidazole. Metronidazole is most widely used due to its affordability. Its class analogue, tinidazole, is similar in its spectrum of antimicrobial activity, but is not used parenterally. In general, all groups of broad-spectrum antibiotics are presented as follows:

• natural penicillins;
• inhibitor-protected aminopenicillins;
• antipseudomonas penicillins, including inhibitor-protected ones;
• cephalosporins III;
• aminoglycoside group;
• macrolide antibiotics;
• antibiotics of a number of carbapenems;
• chloramphenicol;
• fosfomycin;
• rifampicin;
• dioxidine;
• sulfonamides;
• quinolones, fluoroquinolones;
• nitrofuran group;
• antibiotics of the nitroimidazole series.

This list does not contain the names of groups of narrow-spectrum antibiotics. They are specific for a small number of microbes and are effective against them. Narrow-spectrum drugs cannot be used to treat superinfections and are not used empirically. They are used as first-line antibiotics when the type of pathogen is identified.

List of ABHS of the latest generations

The above refer to broad-spectrum drugs. This is a complete list of groups of substances that are active against gram-positive and gram-negative microbes. However, the list contains both the latest generation of antibiotics and earlier representatives of the group. Of the above, representatives of the latest generations are the following groups of drugs:

• aminopenicillins resistant to beta-lactamase (Sulbactam, Ampicillin, Clavulanate, Amoxicillin);
• cephalosporins of the III and IV generations (Cefotaxime, Cefoperazone, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefpirome, Cefepime);
• aminoglycoside antibiotics III generation(“Amikacin”, “Netilmicin”);
• 14- and 15-membered semisynthetic macrolides (Roxithromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin);
• 16-membered natural macrolide antibiotics (“Midecamycin”);
• fluoroquinolones of the third and fourth generations (Levofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Trovafloxacin, Moxifloxacin);
• carbapenems (Meropenem, Imipinem-cilastatin, Ertapenem);
• nitrofurans (“Nitrofurantoin”, “Furazidin”, “Ersefuril”).

Antibiotic drugs excluded from the list

The previously mentioned protected antipseudomonas penicillins have a wide spectrum of activity, but are used only against due to the need to reduce the likely contact of the latter with modern and powerful antibiotic. This prevents the risk of developing drug resistance bacteria. Greatest efficiency against blue purulent infection exhibits "Tazobactam". Occasionally, Piperacillin or Clavulanate are used as the latest generation antibiotics for pneumonia caused by a hospital strain of the pathogen.

Also, this list does not include the latest generation of antibiotics from the group of natural and antistaphylococcal penicillins. The former cannot be used in outpatient treatment due to the need for frequent intravenous or intramuscular injection. There are no forms that allow you to take them orally. A similar situation has developed with cephalosporins. Having the same spectrum of activity as penicillins, they cannot be used orally due to destruction in the stomach.

Parenteral cephalosporins and penicillins are effective antibiotics last generation for pneumonia. Scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus have achieved success in developing dosage form their enteral use. However, the research results have not yet been applied in practice, and the drugs this series For now, they can only be used in the work of inpatient healthcare institutions.

Highly effective antibiotics for children

Studying the latest generation of antibiotics, the list of drugs recommended for children is significantly narrowed. IN childhood Only representatives of a number of aminopenicillins ("Amoxicillin", "Clavulanate"), cephalosporins ("Ceftriaxone", "Cefepime"), macrolides ("Azithromycin", "Midecamycin", "Roxithromycin", "Clarithromycin") can be used. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics, carbapenems and nitrofurans cannot be used due to inhibition of bone growth, liver and kidney toxicity.

Systemic nitrofurans are not used due to the lack of scientific data confirming the safety of treatment. The only exception is "Furacillin", suitable for local treatment of wounds. Modern and highly effective antibiotics for children of the latest generation are the following: macrolides, penicillins, cephalosporins (the names of the drugs are presented above). The use of other groups of antimicrobial drugs is not recommended due to the toxic effect and disruption of skeletal development.

ABSS for pregnant women

According to the FDA (USA) classification, only certain antibiotics of the latest generation can be used in the treatment of pregnant women, the list of which is extremely small. They belong to categories A and B, that is, their danger has not been confirmed or there is no teratogenic effect in animal studies.

Substances with unproven effects on the fetus, as well as with the presence of a toxic effect, can only be used if the therapeutic effect predominates over the side effect (category C and D). Category X drugs have a proven teratogenic effect on the fetus, therefore, if their use is necessary, termination of pregnancy is mandatory.

Used during pregnancy the following antibiotics the latest generation of broad-spectrum tablets: protected aminopenicillins (Amoclav, Amoxiclav), cephalosporins (Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime). Macrolides (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Midekamycin, Roxithromycin) are allowed to be used in the third trimester of pregnancy due to the fact that their teratogenic effect has not yet been fully studied, and its absence cannot be stated unambiguously. It is also safe to use penicillin antibiotics in pregnant women in the absence of allergies.

The use of antibiotics in the treatment of bronchitis

All broad-spectrum antibiotics of the latest generation, theoretically, can be used for bronchitis and pneumonia if their pharmacodynamic characteristics are optimal for this. However, there are optimal schemes for the rational treatment of such diseases. They consider options for successful combinations of antimicrobial drugs with the goal of broad coverage of microbial strains.

Nitroimidazole and sulfonamides are irrationally used in inflammatory diseases respiratory system. The most successful combination for bronchitis or mild pneumonia is protected aminopenicillin with a macrolide (Amoclav + Azithromycin). Prolonged bronchitis requires the use of a cephalosporin instead of aminopenicillin (Ceftriaxone + Azithromycin). In this scheme, the macrolide can be replaced with another class analogue: Midecamycin, Clarithromycin or Roxithromycin.

All of these latest generation antibiotics for bronchitis have a pronounced effect, although clinical signs of the disease may continue to be present. The criterion for the effectiveness of treatment is the appearance of a cough with gradually cleared sputum and relief of fever. With COPD, shortness of breath also weakens, appetite improves, and the frequency of coughing decreases.

Effective treatment of pneumonia

Pneumonia mild degree It is treated according to the principle of bronchitis, but with the use of cephalosporin and macrolide. For moderate or severe pneumonia of community-acquired origin, a cephalosporin (Ceftriaxone or Cefepime) with a representative of a number of fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin) is prescribed. These latest generation broad-spectrum antibiotics suppress community-acquired microflora well, and the effect of their use is noticeable on the second day of treatment.

Modern antibiotics of the latest generation for pneumonia (the names are presented above) act on the pathogen, suppressing its vital activity or killing it. The first substances are called bacteriostatics, and the second bactericidal drugs. Cephalosporins, aminopenicillins and fluoroquinolones are bactericidal substances, and macrolides are bacteriostatic. Moreover, combining antibiotics aims not only to expand the spectrum of activity, but also to comply with the rules of combination: one bactericidal drug with one bacteriostatic one.

Treatment of severe pneumonia in the PICU

IN intensive care, where there may be patients with severe pneumonia and distress syndrome due to intoxication. The main contribution to the severity of the condition of such patients is made by pathogenic microflora resistant to most antimicrobial drugs. In such situations, carbapenems (Imipinem-cilastatin, Tienam, Meropenem) are used, which are unacceptable for use in outpatient settings.

Treatment of sinusitis and sinusitis

Modern antibiotics of the latest generation for sinusitis or sinusitis are used to destroy microbes. In such cases, a single bactericidal antibiotic may be used. However, with sinusitis, the main difficulty is access antimicrobial drug to the site of inflammation. Therefore, the cephalosporin drug is most often used. An example is Ceftriaxone or Cefepime. A third generation fluoroquinolone, Levofloxacin, can also be prescribed.

Treatment of sore throat with modern antimicrobial agents

Antibiotics of the latest generation for angina are prescribed for the same purpose. Moreover, both for sinusitis and tonsillitis the same antimicrobial agents can be used. The only difference is that in the case of inflammation of the tonsils, antiseptics can also be used, for example, Furacillin, a preparation of a number of nitrofurans. Although aminopenicillins protected with sulbactam or clavulanic acid (Amoclav, Amoxiclav, Ospamox) can also be successfully used for angina. Moreover, the drugs should be prescribed for 10-14 days.

Therapy of pyelonephritis and genitourinary tract infections

Due to contamination urinary tract microbes, the latest generation of antibiotics for pyelonephritis are necessary for their treatment. The greatest therapeutic value here is cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and nitrofurans. Cephalosporins are used for relatively mild flow pyelonephritis, and fluoroquinolones ("Ciprofloxacin", "Levofloxacin", "Ofloxacin", "Moxifloxacin") - if the condition worsens against the background of already ongoing therapy.

The most successful drug, suitable both for monotherapy and for combination with Ceftriaxone, is any representative of the nitrofuran series - Furamag). A quinolone, Nalidixic acid, can also be used. The latter create high concentrations in the urine and act actively against pathogens genitourinary infections. Metronidazole is also occasionally used for gardnellosis and vaginal dysbiosis.

Drug resistance and its impact

Due to the constant change in the genetic material of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, the effectiveness of many antimicrobials is significantly reduced. By acquiring resistance to drugs, bacteria gain the ability to survive in the human body, mediating the deterioration of infectious diseases. This forces researchers to search for and introduce into practice new antibiotics of the latest generation.

Total period of existence antimicrobial agents About 7,000 substances have already been developed that are used in medicine in a certain way. Some of them have fallen out of use due to clinically important side effects or because microbes have acquired resistance to them. Therefore, today about 160 drugs are used in medicine. About 20 of them are the latest generation of antibiotics, the names of which often appear in medical guidelines on antimicrobial therapy of infectious diseases.

Antibiotics help cope with most diseases. Many people do not like them, considering the drugs to be dangerous to health (“they treat one, the other cripple”). But it’s hard to argue with the fact that these drugs stopped more than one epidemic. Moreover, due to their wide range of uses, people are less likely to die from infectious diseases. As a result, people's life expectancy has increased significantly.

There is just one problem: viruses and bacteria can mutate and adapt to antibiotics (this property is called antibiotic resistance - the developed immunity of microorganisms to the action of a drug). This is why antibiotics, invented decades ago and considered almost a panacea for all infections, are now poorly effective in treating most diseases.

Scientists are forced to improve medicines, that is, to produce a new generation of drugs. At the moment, there are four generations of widely used antibiotics. In this article we will compile a list of the most popular modern drugs of the new generation, analyze their main characteristics, indications, contraindications and prices.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics - drugs universal action, prescribed to combat a large number of pathogens (including those with an unknown source of infection). Unfortunately, such versatility is weak side: there is a possibility that antibiotics will begin to fight against beneficial microflora (for example, if the symbiotic intestinal flora is destroyed, dysbacteriosis occurs). This is why, after treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, it is necessary to restore normal level beneficial bacteria.

New generation drugs are universal and can act on large number pathogenic microbes.

The new generation of antibiotics are more effective than their predecessors because bacteria have not yet had time to adapt to them. Besides:

• new generation antibiotics are considered safer (they have fewer side effects and are not so severe);
• New generation antibiotics are easy to use - first generation drugs had to be taken 3-4 times a day, while modern antibiotics are enough to be taken 1-2 times;
• new generation antibiotics are produced in different forms. There are even medications in the form of syrups and patches.

What are the most powerful remedies?

Having studied the reviews of doctors and patients, we can identify the most common broad-spectrum antibiotics from the latest generation. We get this list:

1. Sumamed.
2. Cefamandole.
3. Unidox Solutab.
4. Rulid.
5. Amoxiclav.
6. Lincomycin.
7. Cefoperazone.
8. Cefotaxime.
9. Cefixime.
10. Avelox.

Now let's look at each medicine on this list in a little more detail.

• Sumamed

Broad-spectrum antibiotics from the list of new generation macrolides. They act due to azithromycin (in one capsule - 250 ml of the substance).

Sumamed is especially effective in combating infections affecting the respiratory tract (sore throat, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia), skin and soft tissues, genitourinary system(for example, prostatitis) and gastrointestinal tract (including intestinal infections). Contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to macrolides, as well as liver and kidney diseases. It has mild side effects, which distinguishes Sumamed from other broad-spectrum antibiotics. Take one tablet per day for 3 days (the course can then be extended by a doctor).

The price of Sumemd depends on the form of release and packaging: 250 mg capsules, 6 pieces - from 320 rubles; 6 tablets 125 mg - from 290 rubles; 6 tablets 500 mg - from 377 rub.

• Cefamandole

Packaging of the drug.

A drug from the group of cephalosporins of the latest generation. Rarely causes an adaptive reaction in microorganisms, therefore it effectively fights gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, mycoplasmas, legionella, salmonella, and sexually transmitted pathogens. Often prescribed for colds and intestinal infections. Can be used as an alternative to cephalosporin if resistance to the latter is observed. Effective for the prevention of postoperative infectious complications. One of the disadvantages of the drug is its high price.

• Unidox Solutab

Broad-spectrum antibiotic from the list of new generation tetracyclines. Active substance Contains doxycycline. Available in the form of 100 mg tablets (10 tablets per package).

Effective in the fight against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, protozoa, anaerobes, and atypical pathogens. Most often prescribed for treatment colds, intestinal infections, prostatitis. Almost does not cause dysbacteriosis. Dosage for adults: 200 mg (2 tablets) once or twice a day. The price of the drug is approximately 280 rubles. per package.

• Rulid

Fourth generation antibiotic from the list of macrolides. The base substance is roxithromycin. Available in the form of tablets with a dosage of 150 mg. One time is enough daily intake drug. Most often prescribed for upper respiratory tract infections, urogenital diseases (for example, prostatitis), intestinal, and ondotological infections. Not recommended for use when renal failure. It is quite expensive - from 800 rubles. for 10 pieces.

• Amoksiklav

Fourth generation antibiotic packaging.

New generation antibiotic from the list pharmacological group aminopenicillins. It has a wide spectrum of action, resistance to the action of beta-lactamase strains. It has a mild effect, so it is used for both treatment and prevention. Unlike many fourth-generation antibiotics, it can be prescribed to pregnant and lactating women. Manufactured by Lek Pharma and Lek D.D. Available in the form of powder for intravenous administration, powder for oral administration, and tablets. The price of powders for injections is from 200 rubles, powders taken orally are from 60 rubles, tablets 375 mg are from 224 rubles.

• Lincomycin

Widely used in dentistry.

One of the most affordable broad-spectrum antibiotics. Sold in the form of ampoules for intravenous and intramuscular administration and in the form of capsules. The selective bacteriostatic effect allows its use in cases where other drugs are ineffective due to developed resistance. True, this same quality does not allow Lincomycin to be prescribed as a first-line drug. It is quite toxic and has a list of a large number of side effects and contraindications that you should familiarize yourself with before taking the medicine. The cost of ampoules with solution is from 68 rubles. for 10 pieces; cost of capsules - from 73 rubles.

• Cefoperazone

Prices for antibiotics in pharmacies for different forms and dosages range from 110 to 370 rubles. It has a wide range of uses: respiratory and urinary tract infections, skin and intestinal infections, pelvic inflammation, prostatitis, prevention after abdominal, gynecological and orthopedic surgeries. Belongs to the group of cephalosporins. Twice daily administration is sufficient. As a rule, it is well tolerated, side effects are rare. Unfortunately, it is available only in the form of an injection solution. Price - from 115 rub.

• Cefotaxime

Antibiotic of the new generation cephalosporin group. Considered one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for most infectious and inflammatory diseases(colds, intestinal, urological, gynecological, prostatitis, etc.). This prevalence is due to the broad spectrum of action of the antibiotic, affordable price, low toxicity, minimal effect on beneficial bacteria. Can be used for treatment and prevention (for example, in the postoperative period). Available only in the form of a solution for injection.

• Cefixime

Another name for the antibiotic is Pancef. Available only in the form of capsules and tablets taken orally. Acts bactericidal (prevents the synthesis of cell walls of pathogens). It has a wide spectrum of action (kills intestinal infections, treats colds, prostatitis, and is used after operations). Unfortunately, this new generation antibiotic has a fairly strong toxic effect on the kidneys and liver, so it is not recommended for use in diseases of these organs. Price - from 397 rub.

• Avelox

A very strong antibiotic of the latest generation from the group of fluoroquinolones. Is modern analogue Moxifloxcin. Effective against many known bacterial and atypical pathogens. Virtually no effect negative influence on the kidneys and stomach. Such antibiotics can be used as children's medicines, so they are not prescribed in pediatrics. They are quite expensive - from 750 rubles. for 5 pcs.

How to choose

Naturally, it is not enough to familiarize yourself with the list of new generation antibiotics. I would like to say which broad-spectrum antibiotics are the safest and most effective. Unfortunately, it is impossible to single out a specific drug, since each antibiotic has its own characteristics and in each specific case different drugs will be more effective. This is why you should not prescribe drugs for treatment and prevention on your own if you do not have medical education. For intestinal infections, prostatitis, sore throat or otitis media, various antibiotics will be prescribed. It is better to trust a specialist who prescribes medicine based on the diagnosis, stage of the disease, concomitant diseases, and also individual characteristics patient.