Contusion of internal organs: symptoms and treatment. Injury to internal organs due to chest injuries Contusion of internal organs symptoms

/ Mukhanov A.I. — .

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DAMAGE TO INTERNAL ORGANS

Classification and general characteristics

Violation of the integrity of internal organs from the action of blunt objects, as a rule, is associated with significant violence (impact, compression). Only in painfully altered organs can damage occur as a result of mild influences or no violence at all. Moreover, it is impossible to exclude the violation of the integrity of the internal organ from minor violence, which is emphasized by M. I. Raisky (1938).

The literature presents various types of injuries to internal organs, but there is no consensus on their morphological manifestations. The authors divide damage into types, mainly in relation to a specific organ. This prompted us to develop a classification common to injuries to all internal organs, based on an analysis of literature data and our own practical observations.

We distinguish the following types of damage to internal organs:

1. Bruises(contusions), manifested mainly by the occurrence of hemorrhages in the organ. They can form superficially, in its gate, vascular pedicle, capsule, under the capsule or in the thickness of the parenchyma and are called, respectively, periorgan, capsular, subcapsular or deep (central) hematomas. Accumulations of blood inside an organ are, as a rule, the result of a violation of the integrity of its parenchyma, but the capsule of the organ remains intact. (end p. 175) All other types of damage to organs listed below are also accompanied by their bruises, but the manifesting sign of such damage is a violation of the integrity of the capsule, and more often - the parenchyma and capsule.

2. Cracks- superficial linear, usually in the form of wavy, slightly zigzag, sometimes almost straight lines of damage with uneven edges, between which there may be jumpers in places. This, as a rule, damages the organ capsule and a thin layer of adjacent parenchyma. Sometimes cracks can occur only in the parenchyma of an organ when the capsule is intact (subcapsular),

3. Tears- deeper, but when the edges are brought together, there are also linear injuries, most often not penetrating to the middle of the organ, less often affecting up to 3/4 of its thickness. In the heart and kidneys there may be external tears - damage that does not penetrate into the cavities (in the kidneys - into the pelvis and calyces), and internal - damage to the papillary muscles, trabeculae, pelvis and calyces, penetrating into the parenchyma (or not penetrating ), but not visible from the outside.

4. Breaks- even deeper damage to internal organs. They can be incomplete - parts of the organ are connected by a capsule and an adjacent thin layer of parenchyma (less than 1/4 of the total thickness of the organ) and complete - in which the organ is divided completely or between in its parts only flaps of the capsule are visible. The edges of tears or ruptures are tortuous, sometimes almost even, which is determined by the cause of their occurrence: cracks, tears, ruptures are formed due to excessive stretching of the capsule and parenchyma of the organ due to its deformation.

5. Breaks- complete separation of an organ as a result of ruptures of the ligamentous apparatus fixing it or as a result of a complete rupture of the organ itself. With avulsions, ruptures are often observed, often multiple, which leads to the division of the organ into parts. Severations can be accompanied by movement of the separated organ or its parts, often over considerable distances: into another body cavity or out. In direction, cracks, tears, ruptures and separations can be longitudinal, transverse, oblique, deltoid, and in number - single and multiple.

6. Crush- destruction of an organ in an area of ​​significant size (area) and depth with the transformation of its tissue into a mushy mass or into many small deformed crushed pieces of parenchyma, fragments of the capsule, among which blood clots are usually identified. Crush injuries are caused by sudden compression, crushing of a part or the entire organ.

Internal organs are also destroyed during stretching, which is a sharp deformation of a part of the body, usually along its entire depth and width, very often with complete or partial separation. The edges of such damage are patchwork, raw, bruised, with breaks of muscles, tendons, nerves, and bone fragments. During crushing, the separated parts are often connected only by flaps of skin; crushing occurs when the body is compressed by massive objects with great force and is most typical for a railway injury. Less often they occur during collapses (of buildings, rocks in quarries, etc.), and occasionally during a car injury.

The listed damages occur both in isolation and in various combinations. This may concern one organ, two or several (with massive traumatic effects)...(177)

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Injuries associated with mechanical impact on the human body are the most common in medical practice. The main reasons for their appearance:

Impact with a blunt object.
- Collision with an object that is very hard (usually found in road accidents).
- Fall from a great height.

Symptoms of bruises of internal organs

The main symptoms that allow us to draw conclusions about a bruise of internal organs:

Severe pain in the damaged area.
- Presence of a hematoma in this area.
- Swelling of soft tissues in the damaged area. This condition is usually caused by internal hemorrhage.
- Impaired functionality of the organ that was affected.

Manifestations may vary depending on which organ was affected. In general, external signs of bruises to internal organs can be described as follows:

Growing subcutaneous emphysema (excessive accumulation of air in the tissues, accompanied by severe pain).
- If the lungs are damaged, cyanosis (bluish coloration of the skin) and respiratory distress are observed.
- Decreased blood pressure, decreased heart rate.
- Injuries to organs located in the abdominal cavity are often manifested by a feeling of fullness in the stomach and nausea.
- Hemoptysis.

If the kidneys, liver, or spleen are damaged, internal bleeding can be very severe. Any injury that causes injury to internal organs requires professional medical attention.

Basic methods of treating bruises of internal organs

Apply ice or a cold compress to the injured area.
- To avoid anaphylactic shock, the patient must take a pain reliever.
- In some cases, a tight bandage is indicated (for example, with a closed chest injury).

Severe bruise of internal organs following an accident requires immediate hospitalization. In a hospital setting, a thorough diagnosis is carried out, which helps to identify the size and area of ​​​​distribution of damage to internal organs. The main diagnostic method is x-ray, and in case of a brain injury, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be required. In case of a chest bruise, the doctor will prescribe an ECG - an electrocardiogram, the interpretation of which will help to obtain a more objective picture of the disease.

Treatment usually comes down to surgery, which is carried out to stop internal bleeding and restore the integrity of the damaged organ. If the injury was not severe, to eliminate the hematoma 3-4 days after the injury, you can rub the damaged area with ointments that have an anti-inflammatory effect (without the warming effect). Source -

Injuries associated with mechanical impact on the human body are the most common in medical practice. The main reasons for their appearance:

• Impact with a blunt object.
• Colliding with a very hard object (usually found in road accidents).
• Fall from a great height.

Symptoms of bruises of internal organs

The nature of the damage resulting from bruises depends primarily on the degree of mechanical load and on the area of ​​the body to which this load was directed. For example, if we are talking about a chest bruise, pathological changes in the lungs, heart, trachea, etc. are possible. If the main mechanical load falls on the abdominal area, the stomach, spleen, liver, kidneys, etc. may be significantly damaged. A head injury is often accompanied by a brain contusion, the consequences of which can be extremely serious. However, signs of a concussion are a topic for another discussion. How to recognize bruises of internal organs in other cases?

The main symptoms that allow us to draw conclusions about a bruise of internal organs:

• Severe pain in the damaged area.
• The presence of a hematoma in this area.
• Swelling of soft tissues in the damaged area. This condition is usually caused by internal hemorrhage.
• Impaired functionality of the organ that was affected.

Manifestations may vary depending on which organ was affected. In general, external signs of bruises to internal organs can be described as follows:

• Growing subcutaneous emphysema (excessive accumulation of air in the tissues, accompanied by severe pain).
• If the lungs are damaged, cyanosis (bluish coloration of the skin) and respiratory distress are observed.
• Decreased blood pressure, decreased heart rate.
• Injuries to organs located in the abdominal cavity are often manifested by a feeling of fullness in the stomach and nausea.
• Hemoptysis.

If the kidneys, liver, or spleen are damaged, internal bleeding can be very severe. Any injury that causes injury to internal organs requires professional medical attention.

Basic methods of treating bruises of internal organs

First aid for suspected bruises of internal organs due to a fall is to ensure the victim’s rest. It is also necessary to take emergency measures:

• Apply ice or a cold compress to the injured area.
• To avoid anaphylactic shock, the patient must take a pain reliever.
• In some cases, a tight bandage is indicated (for example, with a closed chest injury).

Severe bruise of internal organs following an accident requires immediate hospitalization. In a hospital setting, a thorough diagnosis is carried out, which helps to identify the size and area of ​​​​distribution of damage to internal organs. The main diagnostic method is x-ray, and in case of a brain injury, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be required. In this case, the doctor will prescribe an ECG, which will help to obtain a more objective picture of the disease.

Treatment usually comes down to surgery, which is carried out to stop internal bleeding and restore the integrity of the damaged organ. If the injury was not severe, to eliminate the hematoma 3-4 days after the injury, you can rub the damaged area with ointments that have an anti-inflammatory effect (without the warming effect).

- a wide group of severe injuries, in most cases posing a threat to the patient’s life. They can be either closed or open. Open wounds most often occur as a result of knife wounds, although other causes are also possible (falling on a sharp object, gunshot wound). Closed injuries are usually caused by falls from heights, car accidents, work-related accidents, etc. The severity of damage for open and closed abdominal injuries can vary, but closed injuries are a particular problem. In this case, due to the absence of a wound and external bleeding, as well as due to the traumatic shock accompanying such injuries or the serious condition of the patient, difficulties often arise at the stage of primary diagnosis. If an abdominal injury is suspected, urgent delivery of the patient to a specialized medical facility is necessary. Treatment is usually surgical.

ICD-10

S36 S30 S31 S37

General information

Abdominal trauma is a closed or open injury to the abdominal area, either with or without violating the integrity of the internal organs. Any abdominal injury should be considered a serious injury that requires immediate examination and treatment in a hospital setting, since in such cases there is a high risk of bleeding and/or peritonitis, which pose an immediate danger to the patient’s life.

Classification of abdominal injuries

Colon rupture The symptoms resemble ruptures of the small intestine, however, tension in the abdominal wall and signs of intra-abdominal bleeding are often detected. Shock develops more often than with ruptures of the small intestine.

Liver damage occurs with abdominal trauma quite often. Both subcapsular cracks or ruptures and complete separation of individual parts of the liver are possible. In the vast majority of cases, such liver injury is accompanied by heavy internal bleeding. The patient's condition is serious, loss of consciousness is possible. With preserved consciousness, the patient complains of pain in the right hypochondrium, which can radiate to the right supraclavicular region. The skin is pale, pulse and breathing are rapid, blood pressure is reduced. Signs of traumatic shock.

Damage to the spleen– the most common injury in blunt abdominal trauma, accounting for 30% of the total number of injuries involving violation of the integrity of the abdominal organs. It can be primary (symptoms appear immediately after the injury) or secondary (symptoms appear days or even weeks later). Secondary splenic ruptures are usually observed in children.

With small ruptures, bleeding stops due to the formation of a blood clot. With major injuries, profuse internal bleeding occurs with accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity (hemoperitoneum). The condition is serious, shock, drop in pressure, increased heart rate and breathing. The patient experiences pain in the left hypochondrium, possibly radiating to the left shoulder. The pain is relieved by lying on the left side with the legs bent and pulled towards the stomach.

Damage to the pancreas. They usually occur with severe abdominal injuries and are often combined with damage to other organs (intestines, liver, kidneys and spleen). Possible concussion of the pancreas, its bruise or rupture. The patient complains of sharp pain in the epigastric region. The condition is serious, the stomach is swollen, the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are tense, the pulse is increased, blood pressure is reduced.

Kidney damage It is quite rare in cases of blunt abdominal trauma. This is due to the location of the organ, which lies in the retroperitoneal space and is surrounded on all sides by other organs and tissues. When a bruise or concussion occurs, pain in the lumbar region, gross hematuria (excretion of bloody urine) and fever appear. More severe kidney injuries (crushed or ruptured) usually occur with severe abdominal trauma and are combined with damage to other organs. Characterized by shock, pain, muscle tension in the lumbar region and hypochondrium on the side of the damaged kidney, drop in blood pressure, tachycardia.

Bladder rupture may be extraperitoneal or intraperitoneal. The cause is blunt trauma to the abdomen with a full bladder. An extraperitoneal rupture is characterized by a false urge to urinate, pain and swelling of the perineum. It is possible to pass a small amount of bloody urine.

Intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen and frequent false urge to urinate. Due to urine spilled into the abdominal cavity, peritonitis develops. The abdomen is soft, moderately painful on palpation, bloating and weakening of intestinal peristalsis are noted.

Diagnosis of abdominal trauma

Suspicion of abdominal injury is an indication for immediate delivery of the patient to the hospital for diagnosis and further treatment. In such a situation, it is extremely important to assess the nature of the damage as quickly as possible and, first of all, to identify bleeding, which may threaten the patient’s life.

Upon admission, in all cases, blood and urine tests are required, and the blood type and Rh factor are determined. Other research methods are selected individually, taking into account the clinical manifestations and severity of the patient’s condition.

With the advent of modern, more accurate research methods, radiography of the abdominal cavity in abdominal trauma has partially lost its diagnostic value. However, it can be used to detect ruptures of hollow organs. X-ray examination is also indicated for gunshot wounds (to determine the location of foreign bodies - bullets or shot) and if there is a suspicion of concomitant pelvic fracture or chest injury.

An accessible and informative research method is ultrasound, which allows you to diagnose intra-abdominal bleeding and detect subcapsular damage to organs that may become a source of bleeding in the future.

If appropriate equipment is available, computed tomography is used to examine a patient with abdominal trauma, which allows a detailed study of the structure and condition of the internal organs, revealing even minor injuries and minor bleeding.

If a bladder rupture is suspected, catheterization is indicated - the diagnosis is confirmed by a small amount of bloody urine released through the catheter. In doubtful cases, it is necessary to perform ascending cystography, which reveals the presence of a radiopaque solution in the peri-vesical tissue.

One of the most effective diagnostic methods for abdominal trauma is laparoscopy. An endoscope is inserted into the abdominal cavity through a small incision, through which you can directly see the internal organs, assess the degree of their confirmation and clearly determine the indications for surgery. In some cases, laparoscopy is not only a diagnostic, but also a therapeutic technique, with which you can stop bleeding and remove blood from the abdominal cavity.

Treatment of abdominal injuries

Open wounds are an indication for emergency surgery. For superficial wounds that do not penetrate the abdominal cavity, the usual primary surgical treatment is performed with washing the wound cavity, excision of non-viable and heavily contaminated tissue and suturing. For penetrating wounds, the nature of the surgical intervention depends on the presence of damage to any organs.

Bruises of the abdominal wall, as well as ruptures of muscles and fascia are treated conservatively. Bed rest, cold and physiotherapy are prescribed. For large hematomas, puncture or opening and drainage of the hematoma may be necessary.

Ruptures of parenchymal and hollow organs, as well as intra-abdominal bleeding are indications for emergency surgery. A midline laparotomy is performed under general anesthesia. Through a wide incision, the surgeon carefully examines the abdominal organs, identifies and repairs damage. In the postoperative period, in case of abdominal trauma, analgesics are prescribed and antibiotic therapy is carried out. If necessary, blood and blood substitutes are transfused during the operation and in the postoperative period.

A bruise is damage to soft tissue. In everyday life, we encounter various types of bruises very often. The most traumatic periods are summer and winter, so you need to prepare for the season by purchasing a special ointment for bruises.

What is a bruise

As mentioned above, this is damage to soft tissues through rapid mechanical action (for example, during a fall). When a bruise occurs, the skin is not damaged, but dysfunctions of the damaged part of the body occur. Main symptoms:

• soreness,
• appearance and hyperemia (redness) of the damaged area.

Parts of the body have different resistance to bruises: bones and tendons are more resistant, and muscles and internal organs are the main site of bruises. The most common types of bruises are bruises of the knee and shin, bruises of the elbow joint. How to treat a bruise of the knee or other parts of the body - we will consider further.

Having discovered the symptoms of a bruise, first aid is provided, which consists of immobilizing the area of ​​the bruise and applying a compress with a tight bandage. This will reduce swelling and other symptoms. The compress is applied for 1.5-2 hours, and then unbandaged so that the bruise does not become numb. After first aid has been provided, apply ointment for bruises (usually for 10 days).

Main characteristics of the ointments used

To treat bruises, several types of ointments are used, which can be divided into the following groups:

• ointments based on natural extracts,
• cooling ointments,
• warming ointments.

Ointments for bruises with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs have, first of all, an anesthetic effect, so their use is especially necessary to provide assistance in the first days after a bruise. They also produce a strong anti-inflammatory effect, which is useful for relieving swelling. The main components of ointments against bruises in this group are: ibuprofen, diclofenac,.

Ointments based on natural extracts

Ointments with extracts do not contain any special painkillers, but they are indispensable in the later stages of treating a bruise. The most effective are: comfrey, larkspur, bodyaga forte. The latter drug is especially good, as it has a strong absorbing effect and quickly relieves swelling.

Cooling ointments

Cooling ointments against bruises are used to relieve inflammation and reduce pain. They contain menthol, arnica and some other elements that cool the surface of the skin. Among such drugs, the following are especially popular: Vitateca, Arnigel and others.

Warming ointments for the treatment of bruises

Warming ointments against bruises also help reduce hematomas by increasing blood circulation. Used up to 4 times a day in the first stages of therapy. The ointment should be rubbed in for no more than a week. The main drugs are finalgon and nicoflex.

When choosing a particular type of ointment, you should consult your doctor. Only he will determine the specific location and depth of the bruise, and will also give recommendations when to remove the bandage and advise on the duration of treatment.

Benefits of ointments for treating bruises

The use of ointments is based on their proven effectiveness, as well as on the fact that these are preparations for external use, provide local assistance, which means their harmful effects on the body are minimal.

The main advantages are:

• moderate effect on the body,
• effective pain relief and reduction of hematomas,
• penetrate well into the subcutaneous tissue and ligamentous apparatus,
• quickly restore the functions of the damaged area.

Features of the clinical picture and first aid for certain types of joint bruises

Frequent types of bruises are bruises of the knee joint and bruises of the elbow joint and shoulder.

These types of bruises are not severe. Often found in children involved in active sports: running, cycling, skiing, etc. In most cases, the outcomes are favorable - complete recovery.

Knee injury: what to do?

A knee joint bruise occurs when the knee hits a hard surface. In the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) version 10, knee injuries are coded S80-S89. It is diagnosed by swelling, pain and difficulty moving in the knee, using x-rays and ultrasound of the knee joint. Photo x-rays are used to rule out a fracture. If a doctor diagnoses a bruise of the knee joint, he will prescribe cold on the damaged area for the first two days, and then intensive heating.

First aid for a bruised elbow or shoulder

Contusion of the elbow joint and shoulder occurs from a fall, blow or push. In IBC 10, elbow injuries are coded S50-S59.

The peculiarity of this type of bruise is that very severe swelling occurs and bone growths form. The usual treatment is applied, first aid is provided and a scarf bandage on the arm and cold are required. First of all, NSAID ointments are used.

Knee bruises, bruises of the elbow joint, shoulder and other types of bruises require a careful approach to treatment (most often at home) in order to avoid complications.

A severe injury to the knee in the future can lead to inflammation of the meniscus, hemorrhage in the articular area and, as a result, result in lameness and limited mobility. That is why, having diagnosed a knee injury, it is necessary to carry out long-term appropriate therapy and go for repeated examinations to prevent complications of the injury.

General rules for using ointments against bruises

First of all, it is necessary to focus on the age of the patient. For children, drugs with small doses are indicated, so their use in adults will not cause the desired effect.

A bruise is usually called tissue damage due to any strong blow. With this type of trauma, it is a closed injury that develops, which does not lead to a significant disruption of the tissue structure. At the moment of impact, the tissues that are located on the surface - skin, muscles - and pressed against the bones are especially affected. Organs are often affected. Such cases are especially severe and require urgent medical attention and further treatment.

The first reaction after a blow is a bruise, that is, a hemorrhage has formed inside the body and a compaction, a hematoma. It is hemorrhage that indicates the presence of injury. At first it is noticeable as a purple-purple spot on the body, and then changes its color to green and later yellow. Depending on the severity of the bruise, the person experiences pain.

Types of disease and classification

There are several types of bruises. Some of them pass quickly, some slowly. Each bruise requires special treatment. So, depending on the location, bruises are of the following types:

• head injury;
• kidney bruise;
• bruised finger or toe;
• bruised ribs;
• bruised joints;
• chest contusion;
• facial bruise;
• lung contusion;
• bruise of part of the body;
• bruised shin;
• bruise of internal organs;
• spinal bruise

Depending on the severity of the injury, bruises can be mild, moderate or severe.

Causes of bruises

The cause of a bruise is most often a fall or a blow. The impact occurs with a blunt object, so the skin is not torn, but it is the soft tissue that suffers. It is important that the blow first falls on one place. And then the blood begins to spread further. Tissue compaction and hematoma may occur.

Signs and symptoms of bruise

First of all, the main symptom is pain in the place where you hit yourself. After a few hours, subcutaneous hemorrhages appear, and and are formed. The size of the bruise may not reflect the degree of soft tissue contusion. In older people, with a minor blow, a huge bruise and thickening immediately appear, since the body is no longer as strong as before: fragility of blood vessels and slower thrombus formation are observed.

And with a severe head injury, only a small bump may occur or a concussion may develop. Other symptoms of a concussion include:

• and severe dizziness
• possible headaches,
• periodic or long-term

Let's look at the signs and symptoms of the main types of bruises.

Main symptoms of eye injury

This injury is most often called an ocular contusion. The person will immediately need help. Pain manifests itself differently for everyone. Some experience severe pain, and some feel almost no pain, although they have a serious injury. Eye injuries are dangerous because they can cause visual impairment. Therefore, in such a situation, you need to urgently go to an ophthalmologist. It is he who will be able to provide first aid, give competent recommendations and prescribe treatment for bruises.

Signs of a bruised finger or toe

Such bruises are the most common. They occur in both children and adults. First of all, pain occurs, and then a hematoma and compaction appear.

Symptoms of bruised joints

A severe bruise of the joints is a rather dangerous injury. The triad of symptoms comes to the fore:

• sharp pain;
• tumor;
• limited mobility (occurs only with severe injuries)

Hemorrhage occurs precisely in the joint cavity and then a swelling forms. Most often, such an injury may require mandatory medical supervision.

Clinical picture of head injury

A head injury is the most dangerous type of injury. It can lead, as stated above, to a concussion or bruise of the brain. In this case, nausea, headaches, dizziness, and loss of consciousness appear. Therefore, if you have a head injury, you should immediately consult a doctor for help. Sometimes you need to immediately call an ambulance. It depends on the degree of impact.

Signs of a spinal bruise

Spinal bruises are a common occurrence. Main symptoms: swollen, severe pain. The danger of this is that spinal cord damage is possible, accompanied by:

• numbness;
• loss of sensation in parts of the body that are located below the injured area;
• loss of reflexes;
• paresis;
• paralysis

A spinal bruise cannot be treated on your own. You will need to consult a therapist, surgeon, or neurologist.

Symptoms of heart contusion

Cardiac contusion occurs most often as a result of a direct blow or chest injury. Typical signs of a bruise may include cardiac arrhythmia and deafness of heart sounds.

The injury is very dangerous because it can lead to cardiac arrest and therefore death.

Diagnosis of bruises

The doctor first examines the area where the blow occurred. Then, depending on the type, x-rays may be ordered. If there is a suspicion that a certain organ has been damaged, then an ultrasound is prescribed.

If there is a suspicion that it was the abdomen that was injured, then the patient needs to undergo a blood, urine, and urine amylase test. In addition to ultrasound and x-rays, tomography may be prescribed. Ultrasound helps quickly and painlessly determine whether a person needs surgery. It shows the presence of bleeding and damage.

Laparoscopy may also be used. An endoscope is inserted through a small incision. This procedure allows you to determine the presence of bleeding and make a conclusion about whether to perform surgery or not.

Treatment methods

Every person needs to know what to do if they are bruised. First you need to apply an ice compress to the bruise. This will help reduce blood flow to the area and reduce compaction, resulting in a smaller bruise in the future. Ice is applied for 15-20 minutes several times a day. Do not put ice directly on the skin; place any cloth under it. Otherwise you may get frostbite.

If the bruise causes pain, you need to take it. After the swelling subsides, you can move on to warm compresses. They are applied for 10 minutes no more than 3 times a day. This is necessary to relax the muscles and allow blood to drain faster. Treatment of bruises can be carried out using massage, which will stimulate the circulatory system. An ordinary hematoma resolves in 7-10 days.

But there are also more serious bruises. In such situations, a person needs to call an ambulance and provide first aid.

Treatment of eye bruises

If you bruise your eye, you should immediately consult an ophthalmologist. When a person is hospitalized, he needs to limit eye movement as much as possible and not move his neck and head in different directions. He is also not allowed to lift weights. After the blow, the eye must be covered with a sterile bandage, which is attached to the head with gauze. The doctor will independently diagnose and prescribe treatment for bruises.

Help with bruises of internal organs

Internal organ bruise (for example, kidney bruise, lung bruise) is the most difficult to diagnose. When the abdominal wall is bruised, pain and swelling often occur. Hemorrhages and hematomas may appear. It becomes painful for a person to sneeze and cough.

If the blow hits you directly in the stomach, colon rupture may occur. Sharp pain, vomiting, painful shock, and internal bleeding of the organ appear. First aid for such a bruise boils down to placing the patient in a horizontal position, applying ice or cold to the affected area and urgent hospitalization. If necessary, anti-shock therapy, stopping internal bleeding and symptomatic treatment are carried out.

In case of injury, it may occur spleen injury, often accompanied by internal bleeding. The main symptoms are a drop in blood pressure and a change in heart rate. The pain subsides a little when the person lies on his left side. The victim must be urgently taken by ambulance to the hospital for surgery and assistance.

Damage to the pancreas occurs with a very strong impact. Therefore, along with it, the kidneys, liver, intestines, and spleen are most often damaged. The person’s condition deteriorates sharply, blood pressure drops, vomiting and bloating appear. For an adequate assessment of the condition and proper treatment, the victim is advised to undergo urgent hospitalization.

Kidney bruise doesn't happen that often. It appears in the event of a blow to the organ itself. The person's temperature rises, and the urine turns pink-red. A kidney injury also requires regular monitoring by a doctor. It is not recommended to drink a lot of water because it puts extra stress on the organ. A kidney injury requires the cancellation of all serious physical activity.

First aid for chest contusion

A chest contusion is almost always accompanied by soft tissue damage. In this case, other organs may be damaged, rib bruises and lung bruises may occur. The symptoms are almost the same as in other cases:

• there is a sharp pain,
• it becomes difficult to breathe,
• bruises and hematomas appear on the body.

A chest bruise is dangerous because it can lead to clinical death.

First aid for a blow to the chest and a bruised rib comes down to monitoring the patient’s condition, limiting his physical activity, and examining for fractures (there should be no significant bulges or dents on the chest). If the latter are present, hospitalization is performed. If necessary, the patient is anesthetized.

In case of chest contusion, accompanied by loss of consciousness or respiratory arrest, cardiac massage and artificial ventilation, anti-shock treatment, cold therapy, and the application of a tight bandage are necessary. An important point remains the exclusion of intrapulmonary hemorrhage.

Treatment with folk remedies

Treatment of bruises should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor. But anyone should know how to treat a bruise at home if the injury is minor. The most popular means include:

• Badyaga - it helps reduce bruising well.
• Cabbage - will help relieve pain and existing swelling.
• The bruised wound should be smeared with special gels and ointments that help remove the seal.
• Aloe vera has proven itself in the treatment of bruises. It is sold in pharmacies in the form of a gel.
• A good remedy for bruises is apple cider vinegar. It accelerates blood circulation, and thereby the blood is absorbed faster. Iodine mesh will help remove the bruise faster.

Prevention

Prevention of bruises comes down to preventing injuries, observing safety precautions on the road, at home and at work.

Bruises in pregnant women

A particularly dangerous type of injury for pregnant women is bruises to the abdominal area, because... they can pose a threat not only to the mother, but also to the fetus.

A brain contusion is a severe injury with visible disturbances in brain activity. A characteristic symptom of such an injury is loss of consciousness. Depending on the severity of the injury, the patient may be unconscious from several minutes with a mild form of bruise to several weeks with the most severe form.

One of the most hated and painful injuries to the spine is a bruised tailbone. Anyone who has ever encountered a similar problem knows firsthand how painful and unpleasant it is. Often, a tailbone bruise occurs as a result of an unfortunate fall on the buttocks or when performing certain physical exercises, for example, acrobatics.