Inflammation of the duodenum: causes and symptoms. How to treat inflammation of the duodenum? Duodenal ulcer. Causes, symptoms, modern diagnosis and effective treatment Diseases of the duodenum 12 symptoms and signs

In Eastern medical tradition, the duodenum and the seven centimeters of the small intestine are considered a continuation of the stomach. This is due to the fact that nutrients are absorbed primarily at the beginning of the small intestine. What factors can interfere with this vital process?

The duodenum is often called the “second stomach”: it is in it that pancreatic enzymes, active in an alkaline environment, break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats. In the old days, everything was measured with fingers. Hence the name of this organ (as well as the Latin "duodeni" - twelve).

The duodenum is the beginning of the small intestine, 25-30 cm long, located almost horizontally under the stomach. Food from the stomach flows here in a processed, crushed form. At the beginning of the duodenum there are two ducts: the gallbladder, whose bile breaks down fats, and the pancreas, which secretes enzymes for faster splitting.

Causes of diseases of the duodenum

The oral cavity, stomach and duodenum, which serve to digest food, are interdependent. For example, if we quickly swallow poorly chewed food, raw or thermally poorly processed, the stomach increases secretion. Overeating gives the same result.

The consequence of the increased acidity of gastric juice is that the "second stomach" works hard, neutralizing this acid. Poor functioning of the duodenum leads to the fact that almost all organs of the gastrointestinal tract are affected. Digestion in the stomach occurs through one of the five types of "wind" - "equal to fire" (from the standpoint of modern medicine - through the branches of the vagus nerve).

Nerve endings braid not only the walls of the stomach, but also its sphincters (sphincter), which in the upper part (cardiac sphincter) separate the stomach from the esophagus, in the lower part (pylorus, pyloris) - from the duodenum 12. Nerve endings contribute to peristalsis and the promotion of the food mass from the stomach to the duodenum, and also close the stomach "on the locks", closing the sphincters. After 1.5-2 hours of digestion in the stomach, the food mass is evacuated to the duodenum, where, already in an alkaline environment, through one of the five types of "bile" - "digesting", it undergoes further processing (fat breakdown).

Violation of the work of these two types leads to inflammation of the duodenum or duodenitis. Then, if the disease is not treated, duodenal ulcer occurs. Due to the disorder of the mechanisms of nervous regulation and blood supply (causes of disturbance of the "wind": increased excitability, prolonged stressful situation, improper and erratic nutrition, the action of certain drugs), the pylorus that separates the stomach and duodenum becomes weak and loosely separates them.

As a result, duodenogastric reflux occurs. The contents of the duodenum are thrown back into the stomach. Due to the fact that the gastric mucosa is not adapted to work with bile acids and bile, inflammation of the gastric mucosa and the duodenum itself (gastroduodenitis) occurs.

Problems in the duodenum must be dealt with immediately, otherwise the sphincter between the duodenum and the stomach is affected, and it is no longer possible to restore the integrity of the pylorus muscle ring. Therefore, the disease must be treated as quickly and intensively as possible - it is difficult to restore the muscle ring even surgically.

Symptoms of duodenal disease

Symptoms of duodenal disease are plaque on the tongue, sores in the mouth, loss of appetite. The fact that the duodenal ulcer has become chronic is evidenced by periodontal disease in the anterior teeth of the lower jaw and in the first molars. Also characterized by pain at night, pain during hunger and pain that appears 2-3 hours after eating, when food from the stomach passes through the pylorus into the duodenum. With a peptic ulcer of the duodenum, the liver, bile ducts, and pancreas suffer along the way.

SMALL INTESTINE

If we want to prove in a dispute that our opponent is weak, we often say: “He has a thin gut!”. It is the small intestine, according to Eastern medicine, that affects the intellectual level of a person - his susceptibility to new ideas.

Energy deficiency in the small intestine manifests itself if a person readily accepts the knowledge, beliefs and beliefs of other people, without even trying to analyze and "digest" them. Such a person is not able to develop his own system of ideas and values. In addition, such a person is prone to a number of chronic diseases.

Full juicy lips speak of a strong small intestine, which is the real “battery” of the body, and thin, weak, pale ones indicate weakness of the small intestine. If the function of the small intestine is reduced, a person suffers from tinnitus, poor hearing (trace the path of the meridian of the small intestine in the photo), bloating of the lower abdomen, increased urine output.

With inflammatory processes in the small intestine, there may be frequent sore throats, swelling of the cheeks, pain in the shoulders, and diarrhea. Also in Tibetan medicine, the small intestine is considered a reliable helper of the heart, protecting it from emotional storms and upheavals, removes unnecessary and harmful substances from the heart. The small intestine system is responsible for the condition of the arteries and, accordingly, for blood circulation.

If the intestines are spasmodic (disturbance of the "wind" due to constant stress), the nutrition of blood vessels and tissues is disturbed, the heart suffers. That is why diseases of the heart and small intestine always coexist. The time of activity of the meridian of the heart is at 11-13 hours, the small intestine - 13-15 hours. If the cardiovascular system is in order, during these hours you can afford the maximum possible physical and emotional stress for a healthy body (exams, negotiations, sports activities, etc.).

With a lack of energy in the small intestine during these hours, a person feels general weakness, increased sweating, numbness in the limbs. Such people usually feel better in the evening, when activity in the small intestine system drops.

Causes of diseases of the small intestine

In the state of "ma-zhu" (indigestion, reduced digestive capacity of the stomach), "" grows in the small intestine, stagnant processes and accumulation of mucus develop. In official medicine, they are called digestion insufficiency syndrome, manifested by diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, polyfaeces and other dyspeptic disorders that occur when eating dairy products.

Often this condition is combined with a syndrome of impaired absorption. It leads to atrophy of the mucous membrane, observed in Crohn's disease, ulcerative nonspecific colitis, invasions, food allergies, thyrotoxicosis, malignant neoplasms of the small intestine, after its resection, as well as with long-term use of a number of drugs (for example, some antibiotics).

Malabsorption syndrome is characterized by pain in the lower abdomen, in the navel, flatulence, a feeling of fullness in the abdomen, pain in the lumbar region, frequent stools, an increase in the volume of feces, the presence of undigested food residues in the feces and steatorrhea - an increased content of fat in the feces (in diseases of the colon there are no visible remains of undigested food and fat in the stool). On examination, the tongue has a white coating, the pulse is deep, strained.

Consequences

Violations of water and mineral metabolism in this case can lead to changes in the bones - osteoporosis, dry skin and mucous membranes, numbness of the lips and fingers, muscle weakness and muscle pain, decreased intestinal motility, cardiovascular disorders (tachycardia, arterial hypotension , extrasystole), etc. When iron absorption is disturbed, iron deficiency anemia occurs.

Trophic changes in the skin and nails are also characteristic. In more severe cases, eczema occurs, cracks form, neurodermatitis. Internal organs are affected. For example, processes of protein and fatty degeneration are found in the liver, and the activity of the pancreas is disrupted.

Treatment of duodenal ulcer

Treatment at the Naran clinic is aimed at increasing the digestive fire of the stomach, duodenum, small intestine with the help of an individually prescribed diet and herbal medicine that cleanses the blood and liver, and regulates the electrolyte balance in the body. Acupuncture and warming with wormwood cigars have a wonderful effect on the meridian points of the spleen - the pancreas and small intestine, deepacupressure,cupping massage, stimulating blood circulation and conduction of nerve impulses. In most cases, chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, subject to timely treatment, are completely cured.

Duodenitis is an inflammation of the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, which is very common, especially in children. This disease occurs either in a chronic or in an acute form.

Its causal factors range from an incorrect diet to hormonal imbalance in the body of women and men.

The above organ performs a number of special functions in the human body. The duodenum is one of the most important organs of the digestive system.

It refers to the part of the small intestine responsible for metabolism in the body, regulation of the gastrointestinal tract, production of certain hormones, and pancreatic dietary juices.

In no case should the treatment of the duodenum be postponed, otherwise the disease may become more severe.

When inflammation is observed, the symptoms and treatment of this disease will be interrelated, because the course of therapy can be prescribed by a doctor, starting, first of all, from the existing signs and manifestations of duodenitis.

Treatment should not be done on your own!

After the appearance of the first signs of a disease such as duodenitis of the duodenum, it is urgent to consult a professional doctor.

Causes and symptoms

The duodenum is an important component of the digestive system as it connects the stomach and small intestine.

If this organ becomes inflamed, the whole process of digestion can be disturbed.

Treatment in the event of an inflammatory process must begin immediately.

Irritation caused by certain agents, such as acid, drugs, and injury, provokes a large number of cases of inflammation of the duodenum.

Infections also pose a risk to this organ of the digestive tract.

Progressive cases with other symptoms may be indicative of a more serious and chronic condition, such as Crohn's disease.

Acid is one of the strongest substances in nature. When this substance is in the stomach, it acts especially intensively, because it participates in the process of digestion and helps to digest the incoming food.

If acid from the stomach seeps into adjacent organs with a more sensitive wall, the acid can have an adverse effect.

It often occurs in the esophagus, as well as in the duodenum, which leads to the development of an inflammatory process.

A person's own actions can also lead to inflammation of the duodenum. In particular, some medicines can damage the duodenum.

Oddly enough, this effect is often caused by drugs designed specifically to combat inflammation.

Some evidence suggests that stress can also worsen organ wall conditions in the presence of inflammation.

Traumatic injury can have a similar devastating effect.

Infection, especially bacterial infection, is a causative factor in many cases of inflammatory processes, inflammation of the duodenal bulb is also no exception.

The bulb is localized at the exit from the department that controls the flow of food from the stomach into the intestinal cavity at the beginning of the duodenum.

In particular, a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori negatively affects the digestive system and causes duodenitis.

The duodenum is a favorite place for these bacteria because the environment allows the secretion of a protective enzyme for Helicobacter pylori.

In some cases, duodenitis may be part of a more general digestive disorder. For example, one of the common diseases characterized by inflammation of the intestines, called Crohn's disease, affects the wall and tissues of various parts of the digestive tract, from the colon to the duodenum.

Other symptoms and signs accompanying gastritis or duodenitis, may include:

• pain syndrome in the stomach;
• lack of appetite;
• diarrhea
• weight loss;
• fever
• bloody stool.

There is speculation that a combination of genetic predisposition and erroneous reactions of the immune system also play a role in the development of this condition.

Infectious agents can even cause immune cells to mistakenly attack normal cells in the digestive tract.

Chronic inflammatory process in the duodenum can cause symptoms in the form of ulcers, which are affected areas in the digestive tract.

Although the acute type of inflammation may not have any symptoms, ulcers can cause internal bleeding and stomach pain.

In rare cases, inflammation of the duodenal bulb and subsequent ulcers may indicate a tumor.

When gastritis or duodenitis of the duodenum develops, the symptoms and signs of these diseases may appear gradually, causing discomfort.

These include:

1. Nausea. It always seems to the patient that he will soon begin to vomit, even in situations where food has not yet entered the stomach. Against the background of persistent nausea, the patient loses his appetite. For some products, the patient may have a particular aversion. In certain situations, the very thought of food can cause a person to gag.
2. Vomit. Often gastritis and duodenitis cause problems in the pancreas. Because of this, the body cannot produce the necessary enzymes to digest food.
3. Vomiting leading to dehydration. Given the possible appearance of such a symptom, it is necessary to restore the disturbed water balance.
4. Convulsions of the stomach. Most often, acute pain can occur in the abdomen after sleep, on an empty stomach and after exercise. The pain is usually localized in the ribs. Due to cramps in the stomach, breathing may be disturbed, there may be a lack of oxygen.
5. Diarrhea and constipation. These conditions can be accompanied by poor digestion, a drop in immunity, fatigue, pale faces, and a decrease in hemoglobin and blood sugar levels. The skin may acquire a yellowish tint, which indicates problems with the gallbladder and liver.
6. Belching and feeling of heartburn. In addition, there may be an unpleasant, bitter taste in the mouth.

All symptoms of an acute form of inflammation of the duodenum, due to proper therapy, usually stop 7-10 days after the onset.

If there is no treatment of duodenitis, and the diet is grossly violated during the recovery period, a chronic form of the disease often develops, which is characterized by constant pain in the epigastric region, nausea, alternating diarrhea and constipation, bloating, lack of appetite, weight loss.

In the case of prolonged inflammation in the wall of the duodenum and a violation of the absorption processes that ensure the delivery of nutrients to the organs and tissues, other systems in the body of a sick person, in particular, the nervous system, may suffer.

Under these conditions, most likely, the patient will be forced to perform additional treatment of other organs.

Treatment

Doctors clarify the patient's symptoms and perform a physical examination during inflammation of the above organ to check for signs such as stomach tenderness, heartburn, excessive irritation or bloating, abdominal discomfort, excessive belching, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea and vomiting.

They are also doing research on a likely family history of duodenitis. To further establish the diagnosis, doctors may recommend tissue biopsy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (an endoscopic procedure).

On the endoscopic picture, symptoms of the so-called "semolina" can be observed, which are manifested by a dotted rash on the intestine (lymphangiectasia).

Blood, stool and urine tests may also be ordered to determine the correct and accurate diagnosis of the disease.

After examining the results of the survey, doctors develop an individual regimen for taking medications. The course and duration vary depending on the characteristics of the organism of each patient.

Patients with inflammation of the duodenal bulb should also radically change the existing diet. To this end, with the appearance of duodenitis, patients should follow a diet.

It is advisable to eat fractionally, portion sizes should be small.

If the patient is already undergoing treatment with highly effective modern medicines, then grinding food is necessary only if there is a severe form of duodenitis.

Preferred during duodenitis are boiled dishes, the diet must include them.

They should be warm, as the cold can aggravate spasm and gastric movement disorders (during the illness, the patient's clinical manifestations may resume, and the pain may increase).

It is advisable during the treatment of duodenitis to exclude from the menu all products that can provoke irritation or damage the duodenal wall, stimulate the production of digestive juice and change the motility of this organ.

Such products include any kind of sour berries, citrus juices, spices, ketchups, garlic, radishes, onions, radishes, fatty meats, red fish, smoked products, oily fish or meat broths, pickles, lard, mushrooms, cream, fat milk, marinades.

During inflammation in the duodenum, the patient is recommended rice, buckwheat and semolina, oatmeal, mucous and milk soups, soft-boiled eggs, non-acidic jelly, omelettes, vegetable casseroles and soufflé, fresh and low-fat cottage cheese, vegetarian soups, lean meat in the form of steam cutlets, dumplings, meatballs, puddings, dry biscuits, dried white bread, sweet ripe fruits without coarse fiber.

The diet usually includes all of the foods listed.

The use of buckwheat, semolina, rice porridge in the morning is encouraged. To prepare semolina porridge, you should not use a large amount of fat milk, the porridge should be light.

Cereals must be boiled well, do not add vegetable or butter to them. It is advisable to cook cereals during the diet for breakfast, so they will be better digested.

Increased attention should be paid to vegetable fats, their volume is about one third of all consumed fats.

The diet allows the use of various vegetable oils (soy, sunflower, corn).

After achieving remission of duodenitis, most of the dietary restrictions can be removed. At the same time, the diet is completed, nutrition can correspond to the normal diet of a healthy person.

The patient will need to treat only the residual effects of the disease.

Proper treatment and diet during duodenitis help to minimize the risk of complications.

However, if you neglect the recommendations of doctors and nutritionists, untimely treatment, gastritis and duodenitis can create serious complications, such as inflammation of the duodenal bulb, internal bleeding and perforation of the peptic ulcer.

Useful video

Stomach disease is a very unpleasant and common ailment faced by a large number of people. Most often, the occurring violations are associated with dysfunction of the stomach, with gastroduodenitis and ulcers, as well as duodenal cancer.

As for the last organ, it is located at the beginning of the intestine and is responsible for the absorption of nutrients entering the human body. And if the disease is associated specifically with this organ, then the negative consequences relate to all health in general. Therefore, it is important to know all the causes and inflammation of a duodenal ulcer, the signs of such an ailment, as well as the methods of its treatment.

Where is the duodenum

The very first part of the small intestine, starting from the stomach, passing into the small intestine and flowing into the jejunum, is precisely the duodenum (duodenum).

If problems begin with this organ in the form of diseases such as an ulcer, or an inflammatory process, then the person begins to experience severe discomfort, noticeable pain and upset of the entire digestive tract.

The topography of the duodenum is quite complex. Its length is 30 centimeters, which is equal to 12 transverse dimensions of the fingers of the hand, which is why the intestine is called so. At the same time, it is located behind the peritoneum and is adjacent to those tissues that are also located in the retroperitoneal cavity.

Structure

This body consists of several parts:

1. Upper and descending department.

The uppermost part of the duodenum is up to six centimeters long. It is located along an oblique line, curving and forming a kind of arc, the mucous membrane of which forms longitudinal folds.

Then comes the descending section. It is located on the right side of the spine at the same level as the lower back. It is in this area that a large papilla is located, from where the ducts open.

After that, the intestine bends upward and forms an ascending part. Its length is up to five centimeters, and it is located to the left of the spine in the lumbar region.

Features of the structure of the duodenum is that it does not have a permanent shape. The situation varies and depends on many factors, including the age and weight of the person.

Another feature of such an organ is its syntopy. At the same time in contact with the liver and pancreas, the ducts of the glands flow into the duodenum, as well as the ureter and the right kidney. Such anatomy provokes the risk of developing serious diseases in this area.

Functions

This organ plays one of the most important roles in the entire process of digestion. It is in the duodenal cavity that enzymes mix with digestive juices (pancreatic and gastric, bile). Due to this, the food entering the body is broken down into nutrients, which are then easily absorbed in the intestinal walls.

At the base of the villi of the duodenum, intestinal glands open, producing duodenal juice and the necessary hormones. Also, the functions of this body include the regulation of:

• activity of the liver and pancreas;
• reflex closing and opening of the pylorus;
• acidity of gastric juice.

Symptoms of a duodenal ulcer

Peptic ulcer (ICD code 10) is chronic, so it is constantly accompanied by stages of exacerbation and remission. During the period of the passive course of the disease, ulcers usually do not worry about anything and they do not feel any discomfort. But in the acute stage, the main symptoms of this disease begin to appear.

There is a mirror ulcer, characterized by the presence of neoplasms, both at the beginning of the intestine and at its end. Quite often there are several ulcers, and this complicates the course of the disease and takes longer to heal.

The main symptom of the disease is pain, which has its own specific characteristic. Usually painful spasm is localized on the right side. The pain begins in the right hypochondrium, gradually localized in the lumbar-vertebral region. It is also a distinctive feature that such an unpleasant sensation appears on an empty stomach and at night. But when a person eats food, the spasm decreases. This happens because the ulcer gradually destroys the mucosa and submucosa.

Additional symptoms of a peptic ulcer may include:

1. present heartburn;
2. appearing nausea;
3. belching after eating;
4. vomiting with a sour taste;
5. drastic weight loss.

Another characteristic symptom of an ulcer is indigestion. It is manifested by frequent diarrhea. In this case, a person may not tolerate fruits and dairy products. Also, if body weight decreases with increased appetite, then we are definitely talking about inflammation of the duodenum, which is extremely dangerous.

If the ulcers have completely affected this organ, then a yellow coating may appear on the tongue. This happens due to the fact that there is a spasm of the bile ducts and stagnation of bile is formed. As a result, at an early stage of the disease, a person is tormented by pain from the right side, and the skin surface becomes yellowish.

During an ulcer, the stomach is covered with scar tissue, which can cause the evacuation of food that gets inside. All this leads to vomiting, after which the patient's condition may improve for a while.

More often, the period of exacerbation occurs in the spring and autumn season, and lasts for eight weeks. But the remission stage can last from four weeks to several years. The danger of such a disease lies in the complications that the course of the disease can lead to.

How to check the duodenum

In order not to face serious complications and consequences for the whole organism, treatment of duodenal ulcers should be started as early as possible. And in order to detect this disease, it is necessary to carry out a number of activities. It is the diagnosis and subsequent therapy that help prevent the destruction of the mucous membrane.

All these methods make it possible to detect the presence of erosion, diverticulum or parafatheral ulcer, due to which an accurate diagnosis is made, since the symptoms of various diseases of the stomach are very similar to each other. They help to check whether the histology of the duodenum is normal, as well as its anatomy and physiology.

Therefore, as soon as signs of a duodenal ulcer were found in women or men, you should immediately consult a doctor who will prescribe a number of diagnostic measures, and then draw up a treatment regimen.

Diseases of the duodenum

Diseases associated with damage to the duodenum have similar symptoms at the initial stage, but the clinical picture is different. At the same time, they all provoke an inflammatory process that negatively affects the state of the whole organism.

One such disease is duodenal lymphangiectasia. With this pathology, the lymph nodes increase, which causes swelling of the duodenal tissues, which is called microlymphostasis.

Proteins entering the body are no longer absorbed and swelling only increases. The cause of such a disease can be pancreatitis, pericarditis, oncology, intestinal endometriosis, Crohn's disease.

More often lymphectasis is diagnosed in childhood and young age.

Inflammatory

Inflammatory processes include Dyskenesia and Duodenostasis. Such ailments lead to a violation of the motor function of the diseased organ. In the cavity of the duodenum, stagnation is formed. As a result, a mushy mass (chyme) is retained in the intestine, which is the remains of incompletely digested food and gastric juice. Pain begins to appear in the epigastric region.

Spasm often occurs after a meal, thereby provoking a feeling of nausea and vomiting. Heaviness is felt under the spoon, a person stops eating normally, he may experience constipation and weight begins to decrease.

Treatment in this case is most often based on the observance of a special diet. Meals become fractional up to six times a day. The menu should contain dishes containing a large amount of vitamin and fiber. In some cases, if necessary, parenteral nutrition and intestinal lavage are prescribed (once every four days).

In addition to therapy, sedative drugs and tranquilizers can be connected. Abdominal massage and therapeutic exercises can speed up the treatment process.

Another inflammatory disease is duodenal erosion. In this case, the inflammatory process proceeds on the surface of the mucosa, without penetrating into the muscle layers and forming erosive areas.

An ultrasound may show thickening of the wall of the duodenum itself. Quickly identified symptoms and treatment of duodenal erosion, started in a timely manner, gives results. But this ailment can be provoked by long-term medication, stress, unhealthy diet, helicobacter bacteria and smoking.

Ulcer

This disease occurs as a result of exposure to the duodenal mucosa of acid and pepsin. Great importance in the pathogenesis of this disease is attached to the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. The disease proceeds with relapses and even after healing, the ulcer leaves a scar.

The main manifestation of this disease is pain of varying intensity, manifested in the upper abdomen. During physical exertion, an unpleasant spasm intensifies. The same thing happens when you feel hungry, when you eat spicy food and alcohol. Pain usually improves after a person takes antacids or antisecretory drugs.

An ulcer is dangerous for its manifestations. And if the disease is severe and with complications, a person may face disability.

Complications of duodenal ulcer

Quite often escalates and can lead to unpleasant consequences. Sometimes internal bleeding occurs, which can be detected by blood clots present in vomit and feces.

Also, the ulcer tends to spread to adjacent healthy organs. Sometimes the wall of the duodenum acquires a hole of a through character. And if penetration occurs, then the person is faced with regular vomiting and nausea, after which there is no relief.

Against the background of the underlying disease, a hernia may form. And these are not all the complications that can be encountered with a duodenal ulcer:

1. Perforation of the ulcer. It develops quite suddenly and is characterized by sharp pains in the pit of the stomach. Palpation of the abdomen is painful, and the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are very tense. In this case, the ulcer increases and becomes 1 cm in size, which is considered large. For suturing a perforated ulcer, preliminary mobilization of the intestine according to Kocher is necessary.

2. Pyloric stenosis. It is manifested by vomit of the food that a person ate the day before. At the same time, a burp with a rotten smell appears. And with a superficial examination, peristalsis is noticeable in the epigastric region.

3. Ulcer penetration. This is the transition of the disease to other organs. The pain at the same time increases and does not depend on food intake. The temperature may rise and the person is tormented by a feverish condition. Parapapillary ulcer breaks into a limited space. These are nearby organs and ligaments.

4. Malignancy. This is the degeneration of an ulcer into a malignant tumor. At first, there are no obvious symptoms. And the disease itself is revealed during a detailed examination. At the same time, the clinical picture changes, the frequency of exacerbations becomes more frequent, and the disease ceases to be associated with a certain seasonality.

5. Arteriomesenteric obstruction of the duodenum. It develops due to incorrect rotation of the intestine or due to a congenital deformity called atresia. This condition is exacerbated if cholelithiasis begins to develop additionally. This usually happens to older women.

Treatment of diseases of the duodenum

Treatment of all diseases of the duodenum should be comprehensive and complete. First, the doctor studies the history of the course of the disease, diagnoses and chooses therapy. A person will have to follow all the basic recommendations. They may relate to nutrition, gymnastics and basic lifestyle.

All this will help reduce the symptoms and the treatment of inflammation of the duodenum will go at an accelerated pace. Bed rest becomes mandatory, which has a beneficial effect on blood supply in the gastric and intestinal tract.

Therapeutic therapy is based on the following principles:

• taking pills that relieve the symptoms of the disease;
• taking a course of antibiotics;
• the use of painkillers;
• dieting;
• rejection of bad habits;
• use of traditional medicine recipes;
• physiotherapy.

Medical

Drug treatment is based on drugs belonging to the group of proton pump inhibitors. They contribute to the scarring of ulcerative formations, and thereby the scarred tissue alleviates the resulting painful spasms.

When the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is found in the body with an ulcer, then eradication drugs are connected to the therapy. Typically, the treatment regimen consists of the following medications:

1. Preparations Rabeprazole or Omez (PPI);
2. Clarithromycin;
3. Metronidazole or Amoxicillin.

The dosage is prescribed by the attending physician. If the completed course of drug therapy does not give the desired result, then De-Nol is connected to the treatment. At the end, fibrogastroscopy is performed, and if serious complications are found, then surgical intervention is performed.

So, if we are talking about arteriomesenteric compression, gastric resection is performed. Polyps in the duodenum are also removed. In some cases, a duodenal stump suture is used.

Treatment with folk remedies

Treatment with folk remedies can also give a positive result. The basis of such therapy is the use of natural ingredients that enhance the functions of the immune system, improve the digestion process, and also have antibacterial and healing properties. What helps to relieve pain in ulcerative lesions.

A good result is given by decoctions prepared on the basis of calendula and yarrow, golden mustache and burdock root. St. John's wort and olive oil tincture gives a quick positive effect. Also use viburnum, dandelion root, chamomile and honey, propolis.

Flax seeds are one of the most effective ways to cope at home. A special decoction is prepared from them, which is taken for two months daily, 50 ml before the main meal.

Flax decoction improves the condition of an ulcer and can be used as a prophylaxis, especially during exacerbations.

Causes of diseases of the duodenum

The factors that provoke diseases associated with the duodenum include:

Men are more prone to such diseases, as they do not follow their diet at all. In most cases, they eat on the run or simply replace the meal with a cup of coffee. They smoke a lot and drink more alcohol than women.

As for children, their stomach diseases are associated with a hereditary predisposition, with increased acid formation, with poisoning with toxins and with a lack of food intake.

Bulbitis of the duodenum

Duodenal bulbitis is also a digestive disorder in which beneficial substances are no longer absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. And such a disease manifests itself immediately.

By its manifestation, it delivers tangible discomfort and prevents a person from leading a full and familiar lifestyle. But if the diagnosis is carried out in a timely manner and treatment is started, then this disease can be completely eliminated.

Bulbitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the duodenal bulb, which is one of the types of duodenitis. Very often, this pathology is accompanied by gastritis or postbulbar ulcers.

According to its localization, this disease can be focal and total. In adults, this disease occurs for the following reasons:

1. infections caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori;
2. weakening of the immune system;
3. lack of adrenal hormones;
4. prolonged stay in stress and psychosomatics;
5. failure of the mode of eating;
6. heredity and the presence of bad habits.

Bulbit is accompanied by tangible pain spasms and indigestion. In the early stages there is nausea without vomiting, constipation and heartburn. Then, when the disease progresses, there is vomiting with bile, which the liver secretes and belching with a bitter taste. In the last stages, a person is faced with a decrease in efficiency and a deterioration in the immune system, regular headaches and muscle weakness are connected to this.

Treatment is based on taking medications, on observing proper nutrition and on herbal medicine.

duodenal cancer

Cancer is considered a rare disease that is very difficult to diagnose at an early stage. This disease is a carcinoma, which is a malignant neoplasm (polyp or adenoma). It develops from intestinal epithelial cells, which spread to all neighboring organs. This diagnosis is mainly faced by older men and women (after 50 years).
The first symptoms of duodenal cancer do not manifest themselves. But over time, signs begin to appear that indicate diseases of the stomach:

• belching and heartburn;
• loss of appetite;
• weakness and weight loss;
• pallor of the skin;
• sleep disturbance and migraine.

The most obvious symptom indicating cancer is aching pain of a dull and constant nature, which is in no way associated with eating. And with the growth of the tumor, all the symptoms only get worse.

Duodenitis

The inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane of the duodenum is duodenitis. If inflammation occurs in the upper part of this organ, then the symptom
atika resembles a disease such as an ulcer. But if it affects the lower parts of the intestine, then the signs are similar to pancreatitis. And men with duodenitis are more likely than women. And on endoscopy with inflammation, semolina syndrome can be observed.

The main symptoms of this disease include:

1. poor appetite and indigestion;
2. feeling of heaviness after eating;
3. vomiting and nausea with a certain frequency;
4. painful cramps in the center and upper abdomen;
5. stool with blood impurities;
6. flatulence and diarrhea;
7. general weakness of the body.

When Duodenitis is combined with a duodenal ulcer, then the main and obvious symptom is severe pain, which manifests itself on an empty stomach. Details about Duodenitis in the video:

Nutrition during and after illness

Nutrition and treatment for duodenal ulcers are inextricably linked. Only then therapy gives tangible results and accelerates the healing process.

The main principles of nutrition during the treatment period include:

• fractional meals up to six times a day;
• food is steamed or boiled;
• frying products is excluded;
• chew food slowly and thoroughly;
• salt intake should be limited;
• spices, garlic and seasonings are completely removed from the diet;
• Meals should be warm, not cold or hot.

Exclude from the main menu products that irritate the mucous membrane of the duodenum. These are spicy and salty foods, carbonated drinks, fast food, sour fruits that create an alkaline environment. Also prohibited products include:

1. smoked meats and fatty meats;
2. shop semi-finished products, including dumplings;
3. rich broths and lard;
4. yeast-based baking;
5. raw vegetables, especially tomatoes and cabbage;
6. coffee and strong tea;
7. mushrooms and seeds;
8. sweets and confectionery;
9. citrus fruits and pomegranate;
10. alcohol, including beer.

During the treatment of a duodenal ulcer, the diet should consist of such permitted foods as:

• milk, chicken and vegetable soups;
• cereals on water and milk;
• white bread and lean meat;
• mineral water;
• low fat cheese;
• skimmed milk and cottage cheese;
• eggs only in boiled form;
• vegetables and fruits that have undergone heat treatment and do not cause gas formation;
• honey and fiber.

Bananas can be eaten in remission, but when exacerbated, they are removed from the diet. You need to be careful with barley, millet and corn porridge. You can add cinnamon and vanillin to dishes. When the disease becomes moderate and all signs disappear, dried fruits such as prunes, dried apricots and dates are allowed. But during the period of acute course of the disease, they are prohibited.

With an ulcer of the duodenal bulb, a treatment table 1, 5 is prescribed. Subsequently, when the symptoms of the disease are eliminated, it is necessary to continue to adhere to the recommended diet. You can use dairy products, but fermented milk products, such as kefir, are better with minimal fat content. And it is better if it is one-day. Yogurt is allowed, but only fat-free.

Fruits and berries should be sweet and are best consumed in the form of jam or puree. It is better to stew vegetables and take those that do not irritate the mucous membrane. But sauerkraut should be abandoned. It is better to replace this vegetable with cauliflower, it is also useful to include pumpkin in the menu: read.

You should drink a lot of water, jelly and fruit drinks, compotes and decoctions of medicinal herbs that have anti-ulcer properties. Instead of coffee, it is recommended to drink chicory, but not in its pure form, but as part of other useful collections. You can use green and clarified tea.

Prevention

In order not to provoke an exacerbation of a duodenal ulcer again, which becomes healed in 21 days, you need to give up bad habits such as smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages. Then there will be no questions about how many people live with this disease.

You also need to follow the basics of proper nutrition and avoid foods that provoke irritation of the mucous membrane. Persimmon is very useful during this period, as it reduces the likelihood of bleeding.

You need to visit the dentist regularly and try to reduce the negative impact of stress on your own body. Sports should be done without excessive load. Such prevention will reduce the risk of repeated relapses and relieve unpleasant symptoms.

Expert opinion Tsigalov M. M. Doctor - gastroenterologist, Barnaul. The most important and valuable thing is your health. In order to prevent such unpleasant and sometimes terrible diagnoses, you should lead a healthy lifestyle and follow simple rules, namely: eat evenly throughout the day: 3 main meals and 2 snacks, drink clean water, lead an active lifestyle and not bring themselves with nervous breakdowns. These simple rules will allow you to live without diseases. Well, if you have already felt unpleasant symptoms, then you need to conduct an examination without delay. Stay healthy.

Duodenal ulcer (DU) refers to chronic diseases and is characterized by the formation of an ulcer on the mucosa of the organ. The course of the disease is undulating with periods of remission, when symptoms are practically absent, and periods of exacerbation. Most often, peptic ulcer of the duodenum is diagnosed simultaneously with a stomach ulcer - in this case, we are talking about a combined pathology.

Classification

In medicine, it is customary to classify duodenal ulcer into several types. All of them have their own characteristics and should be subjected to individually selected treatment.

According to the frequency of exacerbations:

• duodenal ulcer with rare exacerbations - the manifestation of acute symptoms occurs no more than 1 time in two years;
• duodenal ulcer with frequent manifestations - exacerbation occurs at least 1 time per year.

By the number of ulcers formed on the duodenal mucosa:

• single;
• multiple.

According to the location of the defective formation:

• in the expanded part of the duodenum - bulbous department;
• in the post-bulb section.

According to the depth of damage to the wall of the duodenum:

• deep ulcers;
• superficial.

According to the state of the actual defective education:

• stage of active exacerbation;
• remission stage;
• scarring stage.

There are also differences in the types of duodenal ulcer, depending on the cause of the pathology:

• hormonal ulcers - the disease developed against the background of long-term medication;
• shock ulcers - a defective formation arose against the background of bruises, burns and any injuries;
• stress ulcers - develop against the background of stress, depression, strong psycho-emotional experiences.

Causes of duodenal ulcer development

The main cause of the development of the disease in question is Helicobacter pylori - pathogens that provoke the development of stomach ulcers. With a long course of gastric ulcers, bacteria necessarily fall on the duodenal mucosa and already there an ulcer begins to form. There are several factors that most often provoke the onset of the development of duodenal ulcer, although this is not necessary. These include:

• chronic overwork, stress, constant irritation, depression, disturbances in the psycho-emotional background;
• predisposition at the genetic level;
• increased acidity of gastric juice - it enters the duodenum and irritates the mucous membrane;
• inflammatory process in the duodenum, which is chronic in nature - duodenitis;
• a significant decrease in immunity against the background of any other pathologies;
• long-term use of certain drugs - for example, steroidal anti-inflammatory / non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibacterial drugs;
• violation of the diet.

Symptoms of a duodenal ulcer

If the disease is in remission, then nothing bothers the patient, he leads a normal life. In the case of an exacerbation of duodenal ulcer, the following symptoms can be expected:

1. . This is the most striking and constant sign of the disease in question. The pain is localized slightly above the navel, it can radiate to the scapula and the region of the heart - this leads to a false diagnosis. The pain is intermittent and most often occurs in the evenings or at night - the so-called "hungry" pain. The time of development of pain syndrome is 2-3 hours after eating. The greatest intensity of the pain syndrome is manifested in violation of the diet, taking medications, drinking alcohol.
2. Heartburn and belching. They will not be too intense - many patients do not pay attention to these symptoms at all.
3. Bloating and nausea. The patient complains of too much fullness of the abdomen, when even the most powerful drugs do not reduce flatulence. Nausea is not always present, but only after eating.
4. Vomit. It immediately brings relief to the patient - the feeling of bloating disappears, the pain disappears. Some patients voluntarily induce vomiting.
5. Disorders in the digestive system. We are talking about constipation - the act of defecation may be absent for quite a long time, up to a week. Often in the feces an admixture of blood and dense mucus is found.
6. Psycho-emotional disorders- a person becomes irritable, he is worried about insomnia.
7. Weight loss. This symptom is present in any case, despite the patient's excellent appetite.

Duodenal ulcer is characterized by exact seasonality - in the summer and winter months, there are no manifestations of this pathology at all, but the peak of visits to doctors about the above symptoms occurs in spring and autumn.

Diagnosis of duodenal ulcer

Despite the severity of the symptoms, the diagnosis of the disease in question should be carried out by a doctor. As part of the diagnostic measures, the following procedures are carried out:

1. Disease history. The patient finds out how often pain occurs, what they can be associated with (for example, food or physical activity), which helps to get rid of pain.
2. Anamnesis of life. It is imperative to find out what pathologies were previously diagnosed, whether one of the relatives had a duodenal ulcer, whether the patient has duodenitis.
3. Laboratory research:
   • general blood and urine tests;
   • stool analysis;
   • blood chemistry;
   • analysis of gastric juice - the level of acidity is determined.
4. Instrumental research:
   • the patient must undergo FEGDS - this helps the doctor to see the condition of the mucous membrane of the duodenum and stomach, take a small fragment of the mucous membrane for study from the point of view of histology (the nature of the defective formation is determined - malignant / benign);
   • ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs.

Treatment of duodenal ulcer

The treatment of the disease in question will be long, and the patient will have to follow a sparing diet all his life. Although not everything is so sad - doctors warn about the possibility of compiling a zigzag diet: during periods of exacerbation, nutrition is maximally limited and represents the most sparing diet, and with prolonged remission, even harmful foods are allowed to eat.

Diet for duodenal ulcer

With a diagnosed duodenal ulcer, you should know which foods increase the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the stomach:

• carbonated and alcoholic drinks;
• spicy seasonings, spices and any, even quite spicy, sauces;
• fried foods (even vegetables and fish);
• coffee and strong tea;
• meat, fish and mushroom soups from the primary broth (rich);
• black bread and sweet dough.

The listed products should be removed from the diet not only during periods of exacerbation, but even with prolonged remission. Priority should be given to:

• milk and vegetable soups;
• boiled meat and fish of low-fat varieties;
• white bread of stale baking;
• cereal porridge.

The mucous membrane of both the stomach and the duodenum is irritated by vegetables with indigestible fiber - white cabbage, radish, radish, asparagus, beans, peas, corn. Meat cartilage, fruits with a hard skin and too dense pulp, baked goods made from wholemeal flour can cause great harm.

Patients with a diagnosed duodenal ulcer need to remember a few important dietary rules:

With an exacerbation of duodenal ulcer, doctors prescribe the most sparing diet - the diet includes only grated cereals, meat soufflés and steamed meatballs / cutlets, steamed fish. Vegetables and fruits are excluded during this period, and it is better to use rosehip broth as a drink.

Duodenal ulcer: drug treatment

Most often, patients with duodenal ulcers take drugs during periods of exacerbation. Medicines include:

The duration of treatment for exacerbation of duodenal ulcer is 2-5 weeks, most often this time the patients are in the hospital. If the patient complains of severe pain, then he may be prescribed antispasmodics (for example, no-shpa), and in case of prolonged constipation, laxatives or an enema.

Alternative treatment of duodenal ulcer

Traditional medicine has several recipes that greatly alleviate the patient's condition even during periods of exacerbation of duodenal ulcer. But it is important to understand that they are not a panacea and cannot guarantee the introduction of pathology into the stage of remission or complete recovery.

Important:Before using any means from the category of traditional medicine, you should consult with your doctor.

Traditional medicine used in the treatment of duodenal ulcers:

Possible Complications

Usually the prognosis for the development of duodenal ulcer is favorable - it can not only be entered into a long-term remission, but also brought to the stage of scarring. If medical care was not provided for the disease in question, then this leads to serious consequences:

• bleeding from the duodenum - characterized by vomiting "coffee grounds", very dark and tarry feces, loss of consciousness;
• perforation of an ulcer defect (rupture of the wall of the duodenum at the location of the ulcer) - characterized by acute dagger pains, nausea, vomiting and tense abdominal muscles;
• peritonitis - inflammation of the peritoneum as a result of perforation of an ulcer;
• development of duodenitis of a chronic nature (inflammatory process in the duodenum);
• cicatricial narrowing of the duodenum;
• malignancy - the growth of a malignant tumor in the intestine.

Peptic ulcer of the duodenum is considered a fairly common diagnosed disease. Pathology requires the utmost attention to oneself, because even a short-term violation of the diet, and even during periods of exacerbation, can lead to the rapid development of complications. But perforation of the ulcer, the growth of a malignant tumor and bleeding from the duodenum can lead to death.

The human body is prone to various diseases. Ailments can affect any internal organ. The duodenum is no exception. The most well-known ailment of this part of the digestive system is peptic ulcer. For many people, it is associated with the stomach, but in fact it is not only associated with it. The duodenum is often involved in the pathological process. What is this ailment? What other diseases can affect the duodenum? Before looking for answers to these questions, it is worth considering the structure of the named section of the digestive system.

The structure of the duodenum

The human digestive system is complex. One of its components is the duodenum. It is considered the initial section in the small intestine. The duodenum originates from and ends with the duodeno-jejunal flexure, which passes into the next section of the small intestine (jejunum).

In the duodenum, several components are distinguished:

• the upper part, the length of which is from 5 to 6 cm;
• the descending part, which is 7-12 cm in length;
• the horizontal part, which is 6-8 cm long;
• ascending part, equal in length to 4-5 cm.

Functions of the duodenum

The duodenum performs several important functions:

1. The process begins here. Food coming from the stomach is brought here to an alkaline pH that does not irritate other parts of the intestine.
2. The duodenum regulates the production of bile and pancreatic enzymes depending on the chemical composition and acidity of the food coming from the stomach.
3. The initial one also performs an evacuation function. From it, the food gruel that came from the stomach is sent to other parts of the intestine.

Some diseases that may be associated with the duodenum 12

One of the diseases that occur in the duodenum is duodenitis. This term refers to inflammatory-dystrophic changes in the mucous membrane. They arise due to the impact on the body of harmful factors: food poisoning, toxic substances that cause poisoning when they enter the digestive system, spicy foods, alcoholic beverages, foreign bodies. With duodenitis, pain is felt in the epigastric region, nausea, vomiting, weakness, body temperature rises.

Diseases of the duodenum also include chronic duodenal obstruction. This is a process that leads to a violation of the passage through the duodenum, i.e., the motor and evacuation activity in this part of the digestive system is disturbed. The disease occurs for many different reasons (for example, the presence of tumors, congenital anomalies, etc.). The signs depend on the causes that caused chronic duodenal obstruction, on the stage of the disease and on how long the duodenum has been affected. Symptoms sick people note in themselves such as discomfort and heaviness in the epigastric region, heartburn, loss of appetite, constipation, murmur and transfusion in the intestines.

Treatment of duodenitis and chronic duodenal obstruction

Treatment of diseases should be prescribed by a doctor. In order for the duodenum to restore its functions during duodenitis, the following measures may be required:

• hunger for 1 or 2 days;
• gastric lavage;
• appointment of a special diet (No. 1, 1a, 1b);
• the appointment of astringents, enveloping, antacid, antispasmodic, anticholinergic, ganglioblocking agents, vitamins;
• in some cases, surgery and antibiotic therapy are required.

In chronic duodenal obstruction, the treatment of duodenal ulcer requires an individual approach. If the disease provoked a mechanical obstruction, then surgical intervention is performed. In other cases, prokinetics may be prescribed. These drugs have a stimulating effect on the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, increase contractile activity, the tone of the stomach and duodenum, and make the evacuation of gastric contents faster.

What is meant by peptic ulcer?

Considering the ailments of the duodenum, special attention should be paid to peptic ulcer. This term refers to a serious disease that occurs in a chronic form with alternating periods of remission and exacerbation. The etiology of this disease is not well understood. It used to be thought that peptic ulcers were caused by substances such as pepsin and hydrochloric acid, which are produced in the digestive system. However, studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori microorganisms play an important role.

Statistics show that the prevalence is from 6 to 15%. It cannot be said that a representative of a particular sex is sick less often or more often. Men and women are equally susceptible to this disease.

Features of duodenal ulcers

Ulcers are lesions in the duodenum. They can be compared to erosion. However, these two types of damage have significant differences. Erosion affects only the mucous membrane that lines the duodenum. The ulcer penetrates into the submucosal and muscular layers.

Studies show that ulcers in most cases are in the upper part. They are localized near the pylorus of the stomach. The size of the damage varies. Most often there are ulcers in which this parameter does not exceed 1 cm. In some cases, large ulcers are found. Doctors in their practice met with damage to the duodenum, which in diameter reached 3-6 cm.

Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer

In some people, the disease goes unnoticed, while in others, duodenal ulcer manifests itself with suspicious signs. The most commonly observed symptoms are:

• recurrent pain localized in the upper abdomen;
• digestive disorders;
• deterioration in a sick person's appetite and weight loss;
• tarry stool;
• bleeding that occurs due to the erosion of the walls of the blood vessel by the gastric juice;
• pain in the back (they occur due to the germination of an ulcer in the pancreas);
• intense pain in the abdomen (they are observed when the ulcer is perforated, the development of peritonitis).

Of these symptoms, pain is the most common. By its nature, it is different - sharp, burning, aching, indefinite, dull. Pain, as a rule, occurs on an empty stomach (in the morning after waking up). They can also appear after eating in about 1.5-3 hours. Unpleasant sensations are stopped by antacids, food and even a glass of milk or warm water. The fact is that foods and drinks, when ingested, partially neutralize the effects of hydrochloric acid. However, after a short period of time, the pain resumes again.

Diagnostic procedures for peptic ulcer

The diagnosis of "duodenal ulcer" cannot be made on the basis of only one symptom and an external examination of a sick person, because the above signs are characteristic of a wide list of diseases. Behind the listed symptoms, not only a duodenal ulcer can be hidden, but also cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, benign tumors, etc.

A suitable and reliable method for diagnosing peptic ulcer is fibrogastroduodenoscopy. During this study, a special instrument with a light source and a camera is inserted through the mouth into the stomach to examine the lining of the digestive system. The image is formed on the monitor. The doctor evaluates the stomach and duodenum. Diseases are diagnosed by noticeable pathological changes. If necessary, the specialist takes a sample of the mucous membrane for examination for the presence of microorganisms that provoke the occurrence of peptic ulcer.

Drug treatment of duodenal ulcer

A peptic ulcer can be treated with medication or surgery. In the first method, sick people are prescribed drugs that neutralize hydrochloric acid. They are called antacids. Medicines that help suppress the production of hydrochloric acid in the human body also help with illness. For example, omeprazole may be prescribed.

If during the diagnosis Helicobacter pylori microorganisms are detected, then it is possible to prescribe a three-component therapy. "Omeprazole" or "Ranitidine" are prescribed in combination with antibiotics ("Amoxicillin" and "Clarithromycin").

Surgery for peptic ulcer

When a duodenal ulcer is diagnosed too late, surgical treatment is prescribed. It is carried out under certain indications:

• with perforation of an ulcer or heavy bleeding;
• frequent exacerbations of the disease that occur despite ongoing drug treatment;
• narrowing of the outlet section of the stomach, which arose due to cicatricial deformity of the duodenum;
• chronic inflammation that is not amenable to ongoing drug therapy.

The essence of surgical treatment is to remove. During the operation, that part of the internal organ that is responsible for the secretion of gastrin in the body is excised. This substance stimulates the production of hydrochloric acid.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that if you experience suspicious symptoms characteristic of diseases of the duodenum, you should seek help from specialists in the clinic. Self-medication for ailments is inappropriate, because improper drug therapy, its absence or unnecessary folk remedies can cause serious harm to your body, worsen your well-being.