Aspirin is not intended for cats. Medicines dangerous for cats Interactions with other medicines

Domestic veterinary drugs

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID. Acidum acetylsalicylicum.

Salicylic ester of acetic acid.

Synonyms: aspirin, acesal, acetofen, acetizal, acylpyrin, acetal, acetycil, acetosol, asetilin, istopyrin, polopyrin, ruspirin, etc.

Properties. Colorless small needle-shaped crystals or light white crystalline powder, odorless, slightly soluble in water (1:300), easily in alcohol (1:20), chloroform, solutions of caustic and carbonic alkalis. In a humid environment, it hydrolyzes to form acetic and salicylic acids.

Release form. Available in powder and tablets of 0.25 and 0.5 g.

Another tablet of the following composition is prepared: acetylsalicylic acid and phenacetin 0.25 g each and caffeine 0.05 g; acetylsalicylic acid 0.25 g and caffeine 0.05 g. They are used for neuralgia as an antipyretic.

Store in a dry place, protected from light. Shelf life: 5 years.

Action and application. Acetylsalicylic acid is an effective analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic agent. It is somewhat less active than sodium salicylate, but is better tolerated by animals. It does not decompose in the stomach; in the intestines it slowly turns into acetic and salicylic acid. In dogs, the drug can relieve or prevent bacterial endotoxic shock.

Like sodium salicylate, acetylsalicylic acid has some anticoagulant activity and is used to prevent postoperative thrombosis, for cerebrovascular accidents, etc. It is one of the strong inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis, which may play a role in the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory action and in the inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation.

Acetylsalicylic acid is prescribed orally for muscle and joint rheumatism, as an antipyretic and analgesic. In large doses, it can promote the development of bleeding, especially in diseases accompanied by impaired platelet aggregation.

Acetylsalicylic acid is less likely than sodium salicylate to cause side effects associated with dysfunction of the nervous system, but can lead to stomach complications. Its long-term use provokes dyspeptic symptoms and gastric bleeding. The latter are caused not only by the resorptive effect of acetylsalicylic acid (inhibition of blood clotting factors), but also by its direct irritating effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum. In order to eliminate this effect, the drug should be administered 15-30 minutes after feeding, followed by plenty of fluids.

Acetylsalicylic acid can cause allergic reactions, bronchospasms, angioedema, skin reactions, etc. Contraindicated for gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding and in the first half of pregnancy.

Doses inside: horses 25-50 g; cattle 25-75 g; small cattle 3-10 g; pigs 3-5 g; dogs 0.2-2 g; chickens 0.1-0.3 g, minks 0.1-0.2 g.

Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine

Kharkov State Veterinary Academy

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology

COURSE WORK

in toxicology

Topic: “Acetylsalicylic acid poisoning of a cat”

Work completed

Student 5th year 4th year FVM

Onishchuk Vita Vyacheslavovna

Kharkov 2011

INTRODUCTION

Poisoning is one of the most pressing problems faced by veterinary specialists. Poisoning is a disease and critical condition that occurs when both initially toxic substances and food products that have acquired toxic properties as a result of improper storage enter the animal’s body. In most cases, the main culprit of cat poisoning is its own owner, who did not remove dangerous medications and household chemicals in a timely manner, or did not take care of the kitten. Underfed and malnourished animals that lack vitamins and minerals are more often poisoned.

Many therapeutic agents that are life-saving and therapeutic for humans turn out to be toxic and even fatal for cats. Soluble aspirin is dangerous for them, especially for kittens.

Acetylsalicylic acid has been used in medical practice for more than 100 years. Since the 1980s. aspirin has actively entered clinical practice in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome to prevent the development of myocardial infarction.

Acetylsalicylic acid, dipyridamole, sulfinpyrazone have a number of side effects that reduce their therapeutic effect, so currently the group of thienopyridines - aspirin synergists - is of interest for practical medicine. The main clinical problem with the use of aspirin, in addition to the risk of bleeding (especially in elderly patients), is complications from the gastrointestinal tract in the form of the development of dyspeptic disorders and erosive-ulcerative gastritis. Erosive and ulcerative changes in the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract while taking acetylsalicylic acid in standardized doses is a well-known fact.

For a long time, many clinicians considered the only and almost 100% solution to this problem to be the use of enteric forms of acetylsalicylic acid: Thrombo ACC, Aspiphat, Aspirin-S, Aspirin Upsa. However, according to the results of recent studies, the formation of erosions and gastric ulcers was noted even with the use of enteric-coated aspirin, which scarred in 90% of cases when using cimetidine and antacids only after discontinuation of these forms of aspirin.

Aspirin-induced complications in the gastrointestinal mucosa dictate its abolition and the prescription of cytoprotectors - antacids. A number of clinical and experimental studies have shown that antacids can effectively treat and prevent the occurrence of erosions and ulcers in the gastric mucosa when using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It has been demonstrated that the effect of antacids is realized through stimulation of the formation of prostaglandins in the gastric wall (a decrease in prostaglandins in the gastric mucosa is the main mechanism of the erosive-ulcerative process caused by the use of aspirin), increased secretion of bicarbonates and an increase in glycoproteins in the gastric mucosa.

2. ETIOLOGY

2.1 Characteristics of acetylsalicylic acid

Aspirin is a synthetic drug used in humane medicine.

Active ingredient: acetylsalicylic acid - a derivative of silicylic (ortho-hydroxybenzoic) acid - a nonspecific anti-inflammatory agent that has antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, reduces platelet aggregation.

These are white small needle-shaped crystals or crystalline powder, odorless or with a faint odor, slightly acidic taste. Slightly soluble in water at room temperature, soluble in hot water, easily soluble in alcohol, solutions of caustic and carbonic alkalis. Melting point = 135? C.

Release form: tablets; enteric-coated tablets; film-coated tablets; effervescent soluble tablets.

Aspirin is available without a prescription but should be used under the supervision of a veterinarian.

Pharmacokinetics.

Absorption. Acetylsalicylic acid is quickly and completely absorbed (half-absorption time 5 - 16 minutes). The rate of absorption in the stomach depends on the pH value. ASA, being a weak acid, dissociates to a greater extent in the more alkaline environment of the intestine than in the stomach; it is the increased solubility associated with increased pH, in combination with the larger surface area of ​​the small intestine, that leads to higher overall absorption in this part of the gastrointestinal tract. Since ASA absorption occurs primarily in the small intestine, its bioavailability does not depend on the fullness of the stomach. However, increasing the residence time of acetylsalicylic acid in the stomach may increase the exposure time of nonspecific hydrolases that convert ASA into salicylic acid by removing the acetyl group. This “presystemic” deacetylation under the action of esterases in the gastrointestinal mucosa and liver reduces the bioavailability of ASA from 5 to 70%.

To avoid irritation of the gastric mucosa under the influence of acetylsalicylic acid, Aspirin tablets are coated with a coating that dissolves in the intestines. Thus, the active ingredient (acetylsalicylic acid) is released not in the stomach, but in the small intestine.

Distribution. It is determined primarily by passive diffusion, which depends on the pH level and concentration. Salicylates accumulate in areas with low pH values.

The volume of distribution of salicylates depends on the dose.

Acetylsalicylic acid binds to proteins through phenolic hydroxyl groups.

Metabolism. Once released from the tablet, acetylsalicylic acid is metabolized quickly and completely (Fig. 8). When using drugs with rapid release of the active substance, biotransformation begins in the gastrointestinal mucosa with the hydrolysis of the ester group by nonspecific esterases, which leads to the formation of salicylic acid as the primary metabolite. Depending on the form, orally consumed ASA is deacetylated by 50 - 80% before and during the first passage through the liver. The cleaved acetate residues are transferred to other substances. These are usually proteins.

The rate of biotransformation and the resulting metabolites depend on the dose of ASA received. The half-life of salicylic acid in the blood plasma increases with increasing dose, since the metabolic processes that occur partially have saturation kinetics for all reactions with the formation of salicylic acid, as well as salicylic phenolic glucuronides; the half-life of salicylic acid in the blood plasma is 3 - 4 hours.

After taking ASA in a dose of 1.5 g, salicylic acid is associated with glycine (up to 75%), forming salicylic uric acid. This process is limited. After reaching a saturation level of 1 to 2 mcg/mL, plasma concentrations of salicylic acid do not increase further, despite further increases in salicylate levels.

The reason for this may be the depletion of available glycine. A small portion of salicylic acid (approximately 10%) combines with glucuronic acid to form acyl and phenolic glucuronides, which are excreted through the kidneys. Another small fraction of salicylic acid (about 10%) is oxidized to gentisic acid, which can also combine with glycine to form gentisuric acid (see Fig. 8).

Removal from the body. ASA undergoes complete metabolism and therefore is not excreted from the body in unchanged form. Metabolites are excreted primarily as phase II metabolites in the urine due to renal filtration and tubular secretion. When using therapeutic doses of ASA, its primary metabolite, salicylic acid, is found in the urine mainly in the form of a glycine conjugate (salicyluric acid - 75%), as well as in the form of ester and ether glucuronides (5 - 10%) and as free salicylic acid (10%). ).

The excretion of salicylates through the kidneys depends on t pH level. Increasing urine pH significantly increases dissociation and therefore excretion (5-10-fold), since only undissociated (non-ionic) molecules can be reabsorbed in the renal tubules. This phenomenon is used in the treatment of salicylate intoxication because it occurs with acidosis.

Pharmacodynamics.

Aspirin is a non-steroidal compound with anti-inflammatory activity. It inhibits cyclooxygenase and thus reduces the biosynthesis of prostanoids (prostaglandins and thromboxane). This leads to a decrease in hyperemia, edema, and pain (Appendix 1). There are 2 types of cyclooxygenases - COX-1 and COX-2.

COX-1 is produced under normal conditions and regulates the formation of prostanoids in the body. The production of COX-2 is stimulated by the process of inflammation. Aspirin is a non-selective drug that inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2.

The mechanism of analgesic action is also associated with inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandins cause hyperalgesia - they increase the sensitivity of nociceptors to chemical and mechanical stimuli. Suppression of prostaglandin synthesis leads to an analgesic effect. Also, the reduction in pain is due to a mechanical reduction in swelling and a decrease in pressure on the receptor endings.

The antipyretic effect is associated with a decrease in body temperature due to increased heat transfer (vessels dilate, sweating increases, breathing quickens). The antipyretic effect is clear only when aspirin is used against a background of fever. At normal temperatures, aspirin practically does not change body temperature. Also, a violation of the synthesis of prostaglandins is manifested by a decrease in their pyrogenic effect on the thermoregulation center in the hypothalamus.

Antiaggregation effect - the drug reduces blood clotting by suppressing the production of prothrombin in the liver.

Indications

Relief of an acute migraine attack;

Pain syndrome of weak and medium intensity of various origins;

Fever in infectious and inflammatory diseases;

Rheumatic diseases;

Prevention of thrombosis and embolism;

Prevention and treatment of transient ischemic disorders of cerebral circulation;

Prevention of myocardial infarction.

Contraindications
- acute and recurrent erosive and ulcerative diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;

Hemorrhagic diathesis;

Bronchial asthma induced by taking salicylates and NSAIDs;

Kidney failure;

Liver failure;

Severe heart failure in the decompensation stage;

Arterial hypertension;

Angina;

Enlarged thyroid gland;

I and III trimesters of pregnancy;

Lactation period;

Hypersensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid.

Side effect.

From the gastrointestinal tract: possible nausea, anorexia, pain in the epigastric region; in some cases (especially with frequent and long-term use of the drug) - erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, hidden blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract, signs of gastrointestinal bleeding (tarry stools).

From the hematopoietic system: very rarely - thrombocytopenia, anemia (due to hidden bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract).

Allergic reactions: rarely skin rash, bronchospasm.

Storage conditions

The drug should be stored at room temperature.

2.2 CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO POISONING

The effect of medicinal substances on the animal's body can vary significantly depending on a number of conditions. These conditions are divided into external (related to the properties of the drug) and internal (depending on the body).

External conditions.

Therapeutic dose for cats is 10 mg/kg, interval 72 hours.

Toxic dose for cats is 25 mg/kg/day.

Physical properties of acetylsalicylic acid.

Internal conditions.

Kind of animal. Different species of animals react differently to drugs. The liver of cats contains the enzyme glucuronidase in small quantities, which helps break down aspirin.

Gender of the animal. Females are more sensitive to the effects of drugs than males.

Age of the animal. Old and young animals are more sensitive to the potency of drugs than middle-aged animals. When prescribing a medicinal substance to old and young animals, the dose is reduced.

General condition of the animal. Emaciated animals are more sensitive to the effects of medicinal substances than well-fed animals. Weak and tired organisms are more difficult to tolerate them than strong and vigorous ones. A sick body reacts differently to the action of drugs than a healthy one.

Route of administration of the drug. The strength and speed of action of a substance depends on how it is introduced into the body. The combined effect of several medicinal substances and the effect of the substance upon repeated administration are of great importance. Acetylsalicylic acid is incompatible with alkaline reaction substances, hexamethylenetetramine, aminophylline, codeine base, antipyrine and themisal (eutectic mixtures are formed and the drug softens).

2.3 TOXICOKINETICS AND TOXICODYNAMICS

Aspirin can have a toxic effect on the central nervous system and respiration, causing metabolic disorders, accompanied by a shift in the acid-base balance to the acidic side. As a result, metabolic acidosis develops, the CO2 content in the blood and blood pH drop. Aspirin interferes with the transfer of oxygen in tissues and disrupts oxidative phosphorus.

Aspirin, as a fairly strong acid, has an irritating effect.

The mechanism of development of “aspirin asthma” and its triad (rhinosinusitis, asthma attacks and drug intolerance) is associated with increased formation of leukotrienes in the body, which cause contraction of bronchial smooth muscles, swelling and their increased reactivity, which disrupts bronchial secretion. As a result, this leads to an attack of bronchial asthma.

Allergic reactions are another common side effect when taking aspirin. This usually manifests itself as skin rash, urticaria, itching; Life-threatening reactions (Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock, etc.) are less likely to develop, which requires immediate medical intervention. Aspirin can also cause severe blood damage, leading to bleeding, platelet destruction, anemia and leukopenia. Aspirin can have an equally toxic effect on the kidneys. This is usually manifested by edema, increased blood pressure, the development of nephritis and acute renal failure.

Aspirin reduces the rate of secretion of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, causing its changes and increased bleeding.

Salicylates also reduce plasma prothrombin by interfering with the metabolism of vitamin K in the liver. The result may be bleeding.

Violation of the synthesis of thromboxane A2 in platelets causes the antiplatelet effect of acetylsalicylic acid.

Aspirin affects metabolism. In case of overdose, a decrease in synthesis and an increase in the breakdown of amino acids, proteins and fatty acids are observed.

After oral administration, aspirin is absorbed in the acidic environment of the stomach. As it enters the small intestine and the pH rises, absorption stops. Bioavailability is 49 - 70%. Absorbed into the blood, it is transported in free and albumin-bound (up to 70%) form to the liver, where it undergoes biotransformation.

Glucuronidation is the main pathway for the biotransformation of xenobiotics in many mammalian species with the exception of the cat family.

It is excreted primarily by the kidneys and is partially destroyed in tissues. Penetrates into milk, synovial fluid, through the blood-brain barrier.

aspirin erosion stomach ulcer

3. PATHOGENESIS

Due to the ability of acetylsalicylic acid to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, the mechanism of prostaglandin-dependent protection of the gastric mucosa is disrupted. The exfoliating epithelium is poorly replaced by a new one, which leads to ulceration of the gastric mucosa, and is subsequently accompanied by bleeding of varying degrees of severity. As a result, the presence of blood in the stool. Inflammatory processes in the gastric mucosa provoke changes in its secretory and motor functions.

The appearance of rapid breathing in cats is explained by direct stimulation of the respiratory center by aspirin, as well as posthemorrhagic and hemolytic hypoxia. An increase in the frequency and amplitude of breathing disrupts the acid-base balance, causing the development of respiratory alkalosis, followed by metabolic acidosis.

The drop in the animal's blood pressure is associated with the dilation of blood vessels by salicylates.

Neurological symptoms may include restlessness, anxiety, depression, incoordination and (rarely) seizures.

Aspirin toxicity can lead to acute kidney failure with symptoms such as light-colored urine. This is due to the direct toxic effect of aspirin on the kidneys. When using aspirin in large doses, there is an increase in the excretion of uric acid (due to a decrease in its reabsorption).

Spontaneous bleeding occurs as a result of prolongation of the time required for the formation of a blood clot. Since aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation

Wasting is caused by increased breakdown of amino acids, proteins and fatty acids. As well as a violation of the absorption function of the gastrointestinal mucosa as a result of its damage.

When analyzing blood in cats, Heinz bodies from denatured hemoglobin are found in red blood cells, which are considered the first sign of upcoming hemolysis and toxic damage to the blood.

PRACTICAL PART

CLINICAL PICTURE

Species - domestic cat

Gender - female

Nickname - Belka

Age - 8 months

Weight - 1.5 kg

Breed - Turkish Angora

Color - white monotonous

Owner - F.A.I.

Owner's address: Kharkov region, P. district

Anamnesis vitae:

The animal was found at approximately 2 months old. At first glance, there were no signs of any illness. He now lives at home (in an apartment). Feeding with complete, balanced Whiskas food 3 times a day. Free access to water.

Anamnesis morbi:

According to the owner, a week before treatment, the cat had nasal discharge, sneezing, elevated body temperature, severe inflammation and oral ulcers. The owner carried out symptomatic treatment on his own - treatment of the oral cavity with inhalipt.

In the evening (1 day before treatment), when the cat had a fever, was she given it overnight? aspirin. In the morning, symptoms of depression appeared, refusal to feed, vomiting, and black stool. When the owner tries to put it on its paws, the animal falls and almost does not move.

CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS

Status presents on 04/15/2010

P - 142 beats/min

D - 38 r/min

Study of the general condition of the animal.

Upon observation - depression, loss of coordination of movements.

The cat is of medium build and average fatness.

The type of constitution is gentle. The skin is elastic, light pink in color, densely evenly covered with dull hair, and has a smell specific to this type of animal.

The examined mucous membranes of the oral cavity are hyperemic and dry, there are ulcers and inflammation in the oral cavity. The conjunctiva is pale. The nasal mucosa is red and there are crusts.

Superficial lymph nodes are painless when palpated in the places where they are located, and their local temperature is not increased.

The general temperature is subfibrile (normal 38 - 39.5 0C)

Research of the cardiovascular system.

The cardiac impulse is moderate in strength, on the left in the fifth, on the right - in the 4th intercostal space. Auscultation revealed 2 ringing and clear constant tones, systolic and diastolic. There are no heart murmurs. Tachycardia - 142 beats/min (normal 120-130 beats/min). The pulse wave is rhythmic.

Research of the respiratory system.

Auscultation: tachypnea - 38 times/min (normal 20 - 30 times/min).

The chest expands and contracts evenly - breathing is rhythmic and symmetrical. Type of breathing - chest. Sneezing, minor bilateral nasal discharge, colorless, transparent, watery. The exhaled air has a specific odor, is warm, and the flow force is weak. The nasal mucosa is slightly inflamed and reddened. On palpation in the area of ​​the nasal sinuses, there are no protrusions or deformations of the bones. Local temperatures are moderately warm. The chest is uniformly round in shape. On auscultation, mixed broncho-vesicular breathing is heard.

Study of the digestive system.

The cat has anorexia and polydipsia. The intake of food and water is natural and physiological; there is no pain reaction when taking food. At the time of examination there was vomiting. The vomit is mucous mixed with blood. The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is hyperemic and dry; there are inflammations and ulcers. The condition of the lips and cheeks is normal. The teeth are yellow-white and firmly held in their sockets. The whole tongue is pink. The smell from the oral cavity is specific.

On examination, the abdomen is tucked and symmetrical. Palpation of the abdomen revealed a painful reaction; the stomach was almost empty. With deep palpation of the intestine, no pain is observed, its loops move freely in the abdominal cavity, the contents are liquid.

The liver is not enlarged. The surface of the liver is smooth and elastic.

The frequency of bowel movements is 3 times a day (the norm is 1 time a day). The animal's pose is natural. The act of defecation is free. The stool is liquid and black.

Examination of the genitourinary system.

When urinating, the cat takes a natural position. The frequency of urination is 8 times a day (the norm is 3 - 4 times a day). Urine is watery, light yellow in color. Upon examination, mild swelling was noticed in the abdomen and limbs. Bimanual palpation of the kidneys revealed no pain. The shape of the buds is round, the surface is smooth, and the consistency is elastic. The bladder is palpable and moderately full. There is no pain. There is no vaginal discharge. The mucous membrane is pale pink, moderately moist.

Study of the nervous system.

The general condition is depressed, but when fixed, the cat shows excessive excitability and aggression. When checking the somatic part of the nervous system, deep sensitivity was preserved. Superficial cutaneous auricular and plantar reflexes are preserved. Cough and sneeze reflexes are increased. Deep knee reflex and Achilles reflex without changes. When checking the motor sphere by palpation, flabbiness of the muscles was detected, their tone was reduced. There is a lack of coordination of movements.

Research of sense organs.

There is no discharge from the eyes, the eyelids are swollen, the position of the eyeball is normal, the conjunctiva is pale, the iris has a preserved pattern, the pupil is of physiologically normal shape and size. Vision function is preserved.

Hearing is normal. The ears are intact, without plaque or discharge.

Smell unchanged.

The taste is there.

When examining the autonomic nervous system, the Danini-Aschner oculocardiac reflex is triggered.

1. Active detoxification of the body:

A) Inducing vomiting to remove aspirin from the stomach. Aspirin remains in the stomach for a long time as a poorly soluble substance. As an emetic, we use table salt - two teaspoons per glass of warm water. We pour it in forcefully through the mouth using a syringe.

B) For the adsorption of salicylates in the digestive system, we use activated carbon sorbent. Mechanism of action: Refers to enterosorbents. Binds poisons and toxins in the gastrointestinal tract and prevents their absorption. Release form powder, tablets of 0.25 and 0.5

Dose for cat: 0.5-1 g/animal.

Rp.: Carbo activatusi, 0.25

S: orally 2 tablets 1 time per day, 1 day.

C) The method of forced diuresis - the use of osmotic diuretics that promote a sharp increase in diuresis. Toxic substances are eliminated primarily by the kidneys.

Diuretic mannitol (1-2 g/kg intravenously every 6 hours). are in the ionized form of alkali - in acidic urine. Sodium bicarbonate at a dose of 5 meq/(kgh) is used to increase the pH (alkalinization) of urine.

Rp.: Sol. Mannitoli 15% - 200ml

S: IV 100 ml every 6 hours.

PREVENTION

1. Aspirin can be used in very small doses, but only under the strict supervision and control of a veterinarian. It is very important that owners do not treat their pets themselves. It is especially prohibited to use medications, as there can be catastrophic consequences for the cat.

2. All medications must be stored out of the reach of children and animals.

3. If for any reason it is impossible to replace aspirin with a more gentle drug, then it must be given in capsules and with food in order to reduce the effect of the drug on the stomach and never exceed the therapeutic dose.

LIST OF SOURCES USED

1. Lipin A.V., Sanin A.V., Zinchenko E.V. - Veterinary reference book: Traditional and non-traditional methods of treating cats.

2. 1. Kukes V.G., Ostroumova O.D. Cardiomagnyl. A new look at acetylsalicylic acid: a manual for doctors. 2004.

2. Ostroumova O.D. Acetylsalicylic acid is the number one drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Main indications for use, clinical benefits, effective doses and ways to increase tolerability // Breast Cancer. 2003. T. 11. No. 5. P. 253.

4. Panchenko E.P. Antithrombotic therapy of acute coronary syndromes without ST segment elevation // Consilium Medicum. 2001.T. 3. No. 10. P. 472.

5. Shalaev S.V. Antiplatelet drugs in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes // Farmateka. 2003. No. 12. P. 94.

7. Shilov A.M., Svyatov I.S., Sanodze I.D. Antiplatelet agents - the current state of the issue // RMJ. 2003. T. 11. No. 9. P. 552.

APPLICATION

Rice. Metabolism of acetylsalicylic acid in the human body

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Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat mild to moderate pain, reduce inflammation, and reduce fever. In veterinary medicine, it is most often prescribed to cats to prevent the formation of blood clots in them.

How to use aspirin?

• Use aspirin only as directed by your veterinarian. Read the label and instructions carefully.
• Use the drug after meals or with food.
• If the drug is in liquid form, then dosage with reasonable caution.
• Use the drug at approximately the same time every day.
• Do not give your pet more medication than prescribed.
• Try not to miss a single dose of aspirin.

What to do if one dose was missed?

Give the correct dosage of aspirin as quickly as possible. If it is almost time for the next dose, then simply continue to use the drug according to the usual schedule. Do not give your pet (such as a cat) two doses at once.

How to store aspirin?

• Keep aspirin out of the reach of children.
• Store medications in a cool, fairly dry place at room temperature. Keep the drug away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
• Do not use aspirin if it has a strong vinegar-like odor, it means it has gone bad.
• Do not store the drug in the bathroom, near a sink, or in damp places. The medicine may deteriorate when exposed to moisture and heat.

What are the possible side effects?

• Your pet (dog or cat) may experience some stomach upset, which may lead to vomiting and/or loss of appetite. If these symptoms persist, contact your veterinarian.
• Some other side effects may also occur. If you notice anything unusual, contact your veterinarian.

Interaction with other drugs

• Inform your veterinarian about any other medications you are giving to your pet.
• Veterinarians often prescribe two different medications that may interact with each other. In this case, your veterinarian may vary the dose and/or monitor your pet more closely.
• Aspirin may interact with the following drugs: acetazolamide, sodium bicarbonate, methionine, ammonium chloride, ascorbic acid, furosemide, phenobarbital, phenylbutazone, corticosteroids, heparin, penicillin, sulfonamides, probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, spironolactone, methotrexate, valproic acid, phenytoin, those tracycline, digoxin , aminoglycosides, captopril, enalapril and propranolol.
• If your pet experiences any unusual reactions when using various medications, please inform your veterinarian.

Aspirin is used for cats to lower body temperature and relieve pain in different localizations. Opinions about the feasibility and admissibility of treating cats with this medication vary. Some are convinced that the medicine is extremely harmful to the body of a pet and is only suitable for people. Others defend the position of the possibility of treating cats with the help of this pharmaceutical.

Properties of the drug: what does it include?

"Aspirin" refers to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The medicine has antipyretic and analgesic effects and is intended for human therapy. For therapeutic purposes, it is prescribed for the treatment of colds and pain relief. In exceptional situations, Aspirin can also be used in veterinary practice. Sometimes it is prescribed for dogs and cats.

Can cats?

Most veterinarians unanimously agree that this medication is not suitable for the treatment of felines. If possible, veterinarians refuse to use Aspirin and prescribe other medications that have a similar effect on the body, but are less harmful to cats. However, there are situations when it is not possible to find a replacement for this pharmaceutical drug, and the pet needs urgent treatment. In this case, the veterinarian, assessing all the risks, prescribes this medication to the cat.

Effect on the pet's body

The main danger to cats is acetylsalicylic acid, which is the active component of the medication. After consuming the medicine in the pet’s body, this substance is processed into salicylic acid, which is not excreted naturally for a long period. That is why the veterinarian, when setting the dosage, approaches this as responsibly as possible, taking into account the individual characteristics of a particular cat and the presence of concomitant diseases.

Indications for use

Veterinarians prescribe Aspirin to cats only in exceptional cases. The following situations are identified when the use of this non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is necessary:

• high body temperature that does not go away for a long period, and other medications are ineffective;
• preventive measures to prevent pathologies of the cardiovascular system;
• pain syndrome, which is provoked by pathological processes occurring in the body, as well as neurological disorders;
• inflammation of cartilage tissue.

Usually, to relieve pain, veterinarians recommend using Analgin. However, this medication is not harmless, as it can cause a number of serious complications with constant use.

How to give it to a cat?

Only an experienced specialist can select the correct treatment regimen.

There is no single dosage for all pets. Only a veterinarian can prescribe the correct dose. It takes into account the pathological process that needs to be dealt with, as well as the presence of possible contraindications. In addition, the veterinarian takes into account the cat’s body weight, age, gender, and medical history.

Aspirin tastes quite unpleasant for cats, so it is recommended to mix it with food. The medication tablet will need to be crushed to a powdery consistency and mixed with food. The medication often causes increased salivation, so consuming it with foods will help avoid this undesirable effect.

Contraindications to the use of pharmaceuticals

In addition to the fact that the medicine can provoke severe intoxication of the body, there are other contraindications that prohibit giving Aspirin to a cat. The medication is not prescribed if the following conditions are observed in your pet:

• age up to 6 months;
• expectation of offspring;
• lactation;
• insufficient blood clotting;
• kidney pathologies;
• lack of vitamin K in the body;
• allergic reactions to the components that make up the medication;
• disruption of the digestive system.

How to recognize an overdose?

Violation of the recommended proportions of the drug is fraught with disorientation and poor health.

When a pet owner does not follow the dosage prescribed by the veterinarian, the likelihood of an overdose is extremely high. It is not difficult to notice, since the symptoms are very pronounced. You can understand that the dose has been exceeded by the following symptoms:

• deterioration of hearing functions;
• disruption of the nervous system, manifested by poor orientation in space;
• nausea and vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• loss of appetite;
• increased secretion of saliva.

In exceptional situations, bleeding from the anus may occur. The possibility of loss of consciousness cannot be ruled out. After this sign, pets often fall into a coma.

If the owner notices the signs listed above in the cat, it is important to contact the veterinary clinic as soon as possible. However, before visiting a veterinarian, it is recommended that you give your pet first aid. Initially, you will need to induce vomiting in the cat. First you need to give the animal plenty of water, after which salt should be poured onto the root of the tongue. After the cat vomits, you will need to resort to the help of sorbents. Veterinarians from the Pride center recommend using activated carbon. You will need to give about 3 tablets.

After these manipulations, you need to go to the clinic as soon as possible. The doctor will conduct the required examinations, including blood and urine tests, which help determine the severity of intoxication. The analysis shows a noticeable disturbance in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, as well as a deterioration in blood clotting. If the intoxication of the cat’s body is serious, the veterinarian prescribes the required medications, with the help of which it is possible to protect the gastrointestinal tract from the harmful effects of acetylsalicylic acid.