Erythromycin for chlamydia. Signs and treatment of primary and chronic chlamydia: how to defeat this insidious infection? Alternative Treatment Options

When an infection occurs, the question is how to treat chlamydia in women. This is the most common sexually transmitted sexually transmitted disease. The causative agent is the simplest pathogenic microorganisms - chlamydia. In most cases, the genitourinary organs are chosen as the habitat.

The main treatment method is antibacterial therapy. The choice of drug depends on many factors:

Once the diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory methods, treatment measures begin.

The most effective antibiotics for chlamydia are macrolides. The treatment regimen for chlamydia may look like this:

• Erythromycin. The medication is taken for two weeks up to four times a day. The dosage is 0.5 g;
• Josamycin. On the first day, you need to drink 1 g of the active substance once; on subsequent days, this dosage is divided into two doses. The medicine must be taken for 10 days;

• Spiramycin. The dosage is 3 million, three times a day for 10 days;
• Klacid. Taking Klacid tablets for chlamydia continues for two weeks. The daily dosage of 500 mg is divided into two doses;
• Azithromycin. This drug quickly reaches the affected areas and kills pathogenic bacteria. Must be taken for 5 days. On the first day you should take a dosage of 500 mg. In subsequent days, the dose is reduced to 250 mg. Contraindications are kidney and liver diseases. Very often side effects develop in the form of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness.

Antibacterial drugs related to fluoroquinols can be used to treat chlamydia:

• Ofloxacin. Most often, one tablet is prescribed twice a day. If the effectiveness is low, the dosage may be increased. Treatment lasts 10 days;
• Lomefloxacin. The medicine is used for non. Taking one capsule per day is enough. The entire course of treatment should last 10 days;
• Pefloxacin. The medicine is taken for a week, 700 mg once.

Other drugs often prescribed for the treatment of chlamydia in women include the following list:

In the treatment of chlamydia in men, the drugs are also effective. The regimen and dosage will be the same.

You can take the test again only 1.5–2 months after finishing taking antibiotics. During this time, the medicine will completely leave the body, and the results will be reliable.

Local medicines

Therapeutic therapy is supported by the prescription of drugs for chlamydia in the form of rectal or vaginal suppositories.

• Viferon candles. They increase local immunity and have antiviral and antibacterial effects. The administration of suppositories is prescribed in the morning and evening for a week. Rarely, local allergic reactions may occur;
• Hexicon candles. Eliminate swelling and inflammation, disinfect the mucous surface. It is recommended to insert suppositories twice a day for 10 days;
• Terzhinan candles. They have anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial effects. Eliminate unpleasant symptoms and pain;
• Treatment in women can be accompanied by tampons with propolis. This component eliminates irritation, swelling and inflammation, has a bactericidal effect, and restores damaged mucous surface. A cotton swab soaked in propolis is inserted once a day before bedtime;
• Dimexide solution can be used in the form of tampons.

During the entire course of treatment, you should abstain from sexual intercourse, even with the use of condoms.

Treatment and form of the disease

Treatment of chlamydia in women, medication intake, and regimen will depend on the stage of the disease and associated disorders.

If chlamydia occurs in the acute stage, treatment begins with antibiotics:

• The antibacterial drug Doxycycline can be effective;
• to increase the body's defenses, macroelements, vitamins and immunomodulators can be prescribed;
• Antibiotics negatively affect intestinal function. To restore its functioning, prebiotics and probiotics, as well as enzyme preparations, are prescribed;
• often the acute stage of the disease is accompanied by the addition of a fungal infection. There is a need to take antifungal and antiprotozoal medications.

Treatment of chlamydia in men and women, which occurs in the chronic stage, requires a special approach:

• treatment begins with immunomodulators. Drugs in this group are most often prescribed in the form of injections, for example, drugs such as Neovir and Cycloferon are isolated. It is necessary to make 7 injections every other day. The drug Amiksin in tablet form may be prescribed. Take one tablet every other day for a month;
• you will need the help of antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs;
• you need to take enzyme preparations for two weeks;
• 7–10 days after the start of treatment, antibiotics are started. In the chronic course of the disease, Rovamycin is prescribed in most cases. The course of treatment is two weeks;
• after a week of taking antibiotics, to eliminate side effects, take one capsule of Diflucan;
• You definitely need to take vitamins.

Male and female chlamydia, which occurs in a chronic form, can be treated with physiotherapeutic procedures: electrophoresis, local laser phoresis, magnetic therapy or low-frequency ultrasound irradiation.

All these procedures help treat symptoms associated with the disease. Eliminate inflammation, relieve pain, strengthen the immune system, and improve general condition.

Adjuvant therapy

Simultaneously with the main treatment, other groups of medications can be prescribed that can support and restore the functioning of internal organs:

• immunostimulating drugs: Polyoxidonium, Immunal, Timalin, Interferon;
• multivitamin complexes (Supradin, Vitrum);
• After basic antibacterial therapy, you will need the help of antioxidants. They eliminate complications caused by chlamydia and relieve inflammation. For this purpose, ascorbic acid and vitamin E can be prescribed;
• Antifungal drugs (Fluconazole, Nystatin);

• To restore microflora and intestinal motility, prebiotics are prescribed (Linex, Acipol, Bifiform). The need for them is high. When intestinal dysbiosis occurs, pathogenic bacteria can become active again;
• hepatoprotectors protect the liver from the toxic effects of all drugs that have to be taken during treatment. The following medications can be prescribed: Essentiale, Karsil, Legalon;
• enzyme medications are prescribed to prevent the development of stomach diseases (Hilak-forte, Festal, Mezim, Lactobacterin, Pancreatin).

All these drugs will help the body recover faster. The doctor will prescribe a treatment regimen after the examination.

Traditional medicine is not on the sidelines

Chlamydia can be treated in men and women using traditional medicine recipes. Decoctions, tinctures, teas are used in parallel with pharmaceutical treatment. They cannot be used separately, but together they will have a positive result:

• A decoction based on birch leaves and horsetail helps. The crushed mixture of herbs (30–40 g) is poured with 400 ml of boiling water. Leave for about 30 minutes. Drink 50 ml three times a day;
• Horsetail can be brewed together with juniper. Dry crushed herb is poured with boiling water, infused, filtered and drunk 30 ml three times a day;

• Parsley infusion has an antibacterial effect. To prepare it, you need the stems of the plant. They are finely chopped and poured into boiling water, cooked for about 5 minutes. Leave for 20 minutes, strain and drink 50 ml three times a day for two weeks;
• A healing decoction is prepared from bird cherry fruits, wormwood seeds, St. John's wort, yarrow, celandine and dry walnut leaves. The mixture is poured into boiling water and steamed for about 20 minutes. After the broth has cooled, strain it. You need to drink before meals for a week.
• solution for garlic tampons has a wound-healing and bactericidal effect. Finely chop 5-6 cloves of garlic and add vegetable oil. The mixture must be transferred to a glass container and closed with a lid. It is recommended to leave for about 5 days. After this, cotton swabs should be thoroughly soaked in the solution and inserted into the vagina for about 2 hours.

During treatment, you should regularly visit a gynecologist. During treatment, adjustments may be made depending on your health status and the effectiveness of therapy.

Chlamydia is an infectious pathology caused by chlamydia and transmitted primarily through sexual contact. Antibiotics for chlamydia are the main treatment method.

Chlamydia is an infection that occurs when the pathogenic gram-negative bacteria Chlamydia enters the body. The most dangerous types of chlamydia for humans are:

• Chlamydia psittaci - carried by birds, often leading to conjunctivitis.
• Chlamydia pneumoniae - infection occurs through contact with an infected person, causes respiratory chlamydia and atypical pneumonia.
• Chlamydia trachomatis - found only in humans, can cause a number of diseases, most often ocular and urogenital.

The latter type leads to infection when a large number of pathogens come into contact with the mucous membranes. In most cases it is transmitted sexually. In men, a clear clinical picture of the disease is recorded less frequently than in women.

Antibiotics in the treatment of disease

Before prescribing medications, it is necessary to exclude the presence of concomitant infections caused by decreased immunity due to exposure to chlamydia. Additionally, an analysis of the sensitivity of bacteria to the antibiotic is required.

Antibiotics for chlamydia in women and men are selected the same, the duration of therapy is from 14 to 30 days.

In the chronic form, a repeat course is often required after a period of time when the pathogens enter the active reproduction phase.

The need also arises if the dosage of the drug is insufficient during the first treatment: it does not kill bacteria and increases their resistance to the drug. Symptoms may subside for a while, creating a false appearance of recovery.

Later, the exacerbation will recur, but the previous remedy will be ineffective; a medicine with a different active ingredient is needed.

Effective drug classes

To combat chlamydia, antibiotics are needed that penetrate the cell. Three groups are used:

Macrolides

The choice depends on the individual characteristics of the body and the sensitivity of infections.

Amoxiclav ® for chlamydia

A representative of the penicillin group of semi-synthetic origin. Belongs to the group of inhibitor-protected penicillins (amoxicillin ® + clavulanic acid). It has a wide spectrum of action, but is ineffective against intracellular pathogens.

For chlamydia, it can be prescribed as an additional antibiotic only if a streptococcal infection is associated. However, Amoxiclav ® should not be combined with aminoglycosides. The drug is suitable for pregnant women, but a nursing woman should not take it: amoxicillin passes into breast milk in high concentrations.

Ofloxacin ® for chlamydia

The drug belongs to fluoroquinolones, its advantage: the sensitivity of strains resistant to other drugs. It has good bioavailability; the rate of absorption is not affected by food (with the exception of very fatty foods and milk).

It is not combined with antacids, as they negatively affect the absorption of the drug. If necessary, they can be taken a few hours after Ofloxacin ® .

To combat the infection, tablets or injections are prescribed, which have the same bioavailability and are interchangeable without changing the dosage. Compared to Ciprofloxacin ®, the drug is better combined with other medications and can be used in complex therapy. Not prescribed for children under 18 years of age, pregnant women and during lactation, as well as patients with liver kidney pathologies, individual intolerance to fluoroquinolones, etc.

Erythromycin ® in the treatment of chlamydia

It belongs to macrolides, is able to stop the proliferation of pathogens, and when consumed in high doses, accumulates in tissues and has a bactericidal effect.

It is highly effective against a number of pathogens and can be used as part of complex therapy, since it combines well with antibacterial agents of other groups. For chlamydia, it is used orally in tablet form.

Considered safe for pregnant women and children from birth. Disadvantages include frequent incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions and the requirement for four doses, which is more difficult to comply with.

At the moment it is rarely used, preference is given to another macrolide - azithromycin ®.

Ciprofloxacin ® in the fight against chlamydia

It has a bacteriostatic effect, stopping the proliferation of pathogens, and has a bactericidal effect.
It accumulates in tissues in high concentrations and is suitable for combating mixed urogenital infections.

Due to genomic mutations, there are cases of chlamydia resistance to ®. Like other representatives of the fluoroquinolone group, it has a damaging effect on the growth of cartilage tissue, therefore it is contraindicated in children under 18 years of age, women during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

It is poorly tolerated by patients and often causes side effects from treatment.

Macropen ® for pregnant women with chlamydia

The drug belongs to macrolides and acts by disrupting the process of division and regeneration in pathogenic cells. It has a wide spectrum of action and is used for mixed infections, when other pathogens are detected along with chlamydia. They remain sensitive to ® for a long time.

The antibiotic is effective against mycoplasmosis and chlamydia; it can be used in pregnant women (at 20 and 30 weeks) and children over 3 years of age. Macropen ® in the form of a suspension is acceptable for therapy in newborns.

It is contraindicated in case of liver failure and individual intolerance. With long-term use, it is necessary to monitor the level of liver enzymes.

Klacid ® in the treatment of chlamydia

Macrolide type drug with clarithromycin ® as an active ingredient. It fights a number of diseases and is equally effective against intra- and extracellular pathogens. Rarely used in combination with other drugs, because it is incompatible with many drugs.

Contraindications include pregnancy and breastfeeding. Prescribed with caution for liver pathologies. For children, the drug is prescribed in the form of a suspension.

Tetracycline ®

Rulid ®

It belongs to the new generation of macrolides, is active against most urogenital diseases, and equally effectively affects foci of infection of various locations. Its advantages: the ability to accumulate evenly in tissues and liquids, the possibility of once a day.

It is quickly absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract, the maximum concentration of the active substance is observed already 20 minutes after administration. Used when the disease is combined with ureaplasmosis. Contraindicated in nursing women, during pregnancy, and children weighing less than 40 kg.

Rules for taking antibiotics

The treatment regimen prescribed by the doctor must be followed. Also follows:

• Take the medicine at the same time to maintain the desired concentration of the active substance in the cells. Its reduction can cause addiction in pathogenic microorganisms and increase their resistance.
• Avoid alcohol, spicy foods, and follow a diet.
• Avoid overexertion, which reduces the body's defenses.
• Avoid sexual contact until complete recovery, otherwise re-infection is possible.
• Treatment should be carried out simultaneously with a sexual partner.
• Get re-tested after treatment.

Both partners must complete the course, even if one does not have acute symptoms. Therapy is often supplemented with antifungal and immunostimulating agents. If there are problems with the liver, hepatoprotectors may be prescribed to support it.

Alternative Treatment Options

In the fight against chlamydia, you can use anti-inflammatory herbs that have a bactericidal effect. But their effect is weak, and long-term use is required for possible recovery. If the body is severely weakened, medicinal infusions and preparations will be ineffective. Drug therapy can be combined with folk remedies, subject to consultation with a doctor.

When is it appropriate to use antibiotics?

Treatment should be immediate when a pathogen is detected. Chlamydia can be asymptomatic for a long time. More often, patients seek help in the acute phase of the disease, with pronounced symptoms.

The most dangerous is the chronic type, which is characterized by the transition of the pathogen to the L-form, which is insensitive to antibacterial therapy.

Chlamydia can cause such severe complications as Reiter's disease (urethritis, conjunctivitis, reactive arthritis), urethral structures, orchiepididymitis, chronic prostatitis, endometritis, salpingo-oophoritis, etc.

Over time, they can inhibit immune blood cells, leading to chronic inflammation of the pelvic organs, male and female infertility.

Antibiotics are used against chlamydia and in pregnant women to avoid complications (including fetal death) and possible infection of the child during childbirth. They are prescribed by a doctor after confirmation of the diagnosis by laboratory tests. In rare cases, it is possible to monitor a patient with a low level of antibodies in the blood, which depends on the progression of the disease. Therapy is most effective in acute forms of infection, when bacteria are most sensitive to drugs.

Chemotherapy for urogenital chlamydia in women and men is not as simple as it seems at first glance. And the selection of the optimal antibiotic against chlamydia is the key to successful treatment of the disease. Today, the pharmaceutical market is filled with many antibacterial drugs.

Some of them have a wide spectrum of action, while others, on the contrary, are specific to pathogenic microorganisms. One way or another, the choice is large, and you should navigate it correctly.

– one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (go hand in hand with it). For this reason, special attention is paid to the treatment of this infection in men and women. Despite this, analysis of the disease in the early stages is almost impossible. In the later stages, the situation is easier, but the risk of associated complications and the difficulty of therapy increases.

The treatment regimen and choice of antibiotic depends on what form of urogenital chlamydia we are dealing with. According to one classification, there are 2 forms: infection of the lower and upper sections. The latter is also called the “complicated form”.

Selecting chemotherapy based only on these parameters is not enough. Other factors need to be taken into account:

• Duration of infection;
• The presence of chlamydia in a sexual partner.

The first stems from the fact that when a microorganism stays in a person for a long time, a stable relationship arises between them. In addition, prolonged infection and inadequate chemotherapy can lead to persistence of the pathogen, which requires a special approach in choosing an antibiotic.

Diagnostics

Before treating an infection, it must be diagnosed. Modern laboratory analysis can help with this. Depending on the symptoms, urine, feces are given, or a scraping is taken and research is carried out. There is a serological analysis, ELISA, PCR, bacteriological analysis (cultural method).

Each method has its pros and cons: one analysis is long, another is quick, the third does not provide information about the activity of ureaplasma, and the fourth is the opposite... One way or another, you need to get tested.

Treatment

There are many publications on, but even a modern doctor has a hard time navigating such an abundance of literature. Drugs for the treatment of chlamydia are divided into several groups: macrolides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones - available in tablets and injections. The name comes from their chemical structure.

It is clear that their pharmacological effect differs significantly. Other groups of antibiotics are at least powerless, since the microorganism has developed immunity to them. It is worth noting that today there is no unified method for determining the resistance of chlamydia; the accumulated data is primarily the result of clinical experience.

Treatment of lower chlamydia

Tetracyclines are the prototype of broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs. They have a bacteriostatic effect against many G+ and G- bacteria, including various anaerobes, rickettsia, chlamydia, mycoplasma and L-forms, as well as some protozoa, such as amoebas. Equal concentrations of tetracyclines in body fluids and tissues have approximately the same antimicrobial activity.

The differences between individual drugs are not significant. Variations in clinical effectiveness are due largely to the absorption, distribution, and elimination of specific drugs. However, the sensitivity of different strains of certain types of microorganisms to drugs of this series varies.

Tetracyclines, accumulating in the body, disrupt the interaction of structures lying inside, which suppresses protein synthesis and subsequently leads to inhibition of cell growth and development. The selectivity of protein synthesis by microorganisms is explained by the low ability of mammalian cells to concentrate tetracyclines. It should be noted that tetracyclines are the main weapon in the treatment of chlamydia.

The first line drug is. Dosage form – capsules or tablets. It is used orally during meals with plenty of liquid. Prescribe 100 mg of the drug twice a day for two weeks.

The first loading dose is 200 mg. In 90-100% of cases, the infection can be cured. Combined with its low cost, this gives the drug a great advantage over tetracycline and metacycline, which are used as an alternative.

In addition to these benefits, tetracycline is highly bioavailable, better absorbed, and has a long half-life. It is a known fact that antibiotics of the tetracycline group are capable of binding to divalent metals, which significantly reduces the bioavailability of the drug.

Doxycycline does not have this disadvantage, and the patient does not need to be prescribed a special diet. Tetracyclines are contraindicated in children and pregnant women, and persons suffering from renal failure. Side effects: gastrointestinal disorders, allergies, photosensitivity.

Macrolides are considered the most effective group of antibiotics. First-line drugs include, a single use of which provides a high concentration of the drug in the tissues. In this case, the antibiotic remains in places of inflammation for more than seven days.

The use of alternative antibiotics, as injections or tablets, is allowed: spiramycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin, josamycin, clarithromycin, midecamycin or amoxicillin. Erythromycin is inferior to the presented drugs in terms of pharmacokinetics, digestibility and frequency of administration.

Side effects: similar to tetracyclines, plus liver disorders (jaundice, increased transaminase activity and cholestasis)

Fluoroquinolones are the most studied group of antimicrobial agents. Many effective drugs have been synthesized, but not all of them exhibit significant activity against Chlamydia trachomatis. Antibiotics of the III-IV generations can be noted, which have greater activity and frequency of administration compared to previous analogues.

Despite all the promise of fluoroquinolones, modern guidelines highlight one antibiotic that is most active against chlamydia - ofloxacin. Unlike others, it is 100% bioavailable. An antibiotic of 400 mg is used 2 times a day for 10 days. Other possible drugs with a similar dosage frequency: pefloxacin, lomefloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin.

After fluoroquinolone therapy, there is a high probability of relapse of chlamydia, so drugs in this group are not included in the first line. Contraindications: children under twelve years of age and pregnant women, persons with impaired renal and liver function. Side effects: gastrointestinal disorders (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), allergic reactions, inflammation and destruction of tendons, photosensitizing effect.

Treatment of the upper sections

For chlamydia of the upper genitourinary tract, the same antibiotics are used - they take pills or give injections, but in a shorter course (up to 3 weeks). In this regard, azithromycin is very convenient, which is used in 3 courses of 1 g per week.

Content

Some diseases are dangerous not only by their nature, but also because they pose a threat to others and the patient’s family, so you should not delay treatment. In the case of chlamydia, the doctor will definitely prescribe antibiotics. Which of them will be the most effective will be shown by the results of a preliminary analysis of the sensitivity of pathogens to the active substance. The patient just needs to take the pills according to the instructions and become familiar with the side effects of these medications in advance.

What is chlamydia

Urogenital chlamydia is diagnosed more often, and the disease in 67% of cases is asymptomatic for a long time. Even with a latent infection, a sick person can infect his healthy partner. Obvious clinical signs of chlamydia in men are:

• mucous discharge from the urethra;
• itching and burning when urinating;
• redness and swelling of the urethral opening.

Women are capable of transmitting chlamydia to newborns through the birth canal, so doctors recommend that before planning a pregnancy, be tested for bacterial and viral sexually transmitted infections. You can suspect something is wrong based on the characteristic symptoms of the pathology, for women these are:

• mucous yellow or purulent mucous discharge from the vagina with an unpleasant odor;
• itching and burning during urination;
• increased body temperature;
• pain in the lower abdomen.

Treatment

Chlamydia can remain in a “dormant” state for a long time and become more active when a person becomes very cold or suffers from a viral infection. Moreover, the consequences of the presence of these microorganisms in human cells can be very serious. In 40% of cases, chlamydia in men causes prostatitis, urethritis, and epididymitis. In women, this pathology provokes infertility, endometritis, inflammation of the appendages, fallopian tubes, and uterine mucosa.

In order to prevent the development of complications at the slightest symptoms, you must immediately consult a doctor and, even in the absence of characteristic signs, regularly visit a gynecologist or urologist. Treatment of chlamydia is carried out by taking antibiotics, and both sexual partners must take the medications at the same time. During this time, you should avoid sexual intercourse or use a condom.

The average course of therapy lasts from one to three weeks, then control tests must be taken three times at intervals of about a month. Chlamydia is often accompanied by a secondary infection - gonorrhea, syphilis, ureaplasmosis, gardnerellosis. In order for the treatment to be effective, the doctor chooses a combined tactic, that is, prescribes several groups of antibiotics at once.

A high level of effectiveness is achieved through intravenous or intramuscular administration of antibacterial drugs, but sometimes tablets are prescribed. In complex therapy, antifungal agents, immunomodulators, bacteriophages, digestive enzymes, and vitamin supplements can additionally be used. After recovery, the doctor will recommend undergoing a course of physiotherapy - electrophoresis, magnetic therapy, ultrasound treatment.

Antibiotics for chlamydia

Tetracyclines

Tetracycline antibiotics help to cope with the disease at the initial stage of its development, when the infection has not yet caused inflammation and there are no complications. The mechanism of operation of this group of antibacterial drugs is aimed at suppressing protein synthesis by disrupting the specific binding of bacterial RNA and ribosomes. Resistance of microorganisms to tetracycline develops slowly, so in medical practice it is not customary to prescribe small doses of such antibiotics. Popular antibacterial agents in this group:

• Tetracycline hydrochloride;
• Doxycycline;
• Minocycline;
• Unidox Solutab.

Tetracycline hydrochloride

The drug is available in different dosage forms - capsules, tablets, ointment, solutions for the preparation of injections in hermetically sealed glass containers. All medications are over-the-counter and sold in pharmacies. The main advantage of all types of drugs is their cost - you will only have to pay about 100-150 rubles for a package of tablets. Tetracycline hydrochloride has a bacteriostatic effect against gram-negative or positive microorganisms, some types of protozoa.

The medicine is prescribed for infectious and inflammatory diseases of various etiologies. An antibiotic for chlamydia is used orally in dosages of 0.25 grams every 6 hours. Intramuscular injections are used in severe forms of the disease. The drug is contraindicated in case of leukopenia, in the third trimester of pregnancy, and in cases of liver dysfunction. During treatment, side effects may develop:

• nausea or vomiting;
• abdominal pain;
• stool disorders;
• allergic reactions, rashes;
• intestinal dysbiosis;
• candidiasis.

Doxycycline for chlamydia

A semi-synthetic antibiotic is available in the form of capsules with a soft gelatin shell. The drug has a bacteriostatic effect and is active against aerobic cocci, gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. Doxycycline is prescribed for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract, and for skin lesions.

The medicine, like Tetracycline hydrochloride, is inexpensive and is available without a prescription. It inhibits intestinal microflora to a lesser extent than similar tetracycline antibiotics, and is characterized by good absorption and duration of action. Adults and children weighing more than 45 kg are prescribed 200 mg of Doxycycline on the first day of treatment, then the dose is reduced to 100 mg per day. The course of therapy varies from 10 to 14 days.

The drug is not prescribed for lactose intolerance, lactase deficiency, porphyria, leukopenia. While taking pills, adverse reactions may occur from various organs and systems:

• central nervous system – increased intracranial pressure, dizziness, papilledema;
• organs of hearing and vision – ringing in the ears, the appearance of blind spots in the field of vision;
• digestive tract – nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, pain in the epigastric zone;
• allergic reactions - skin rash, itching, hyperemia, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome;
• heart and blood vessels – pericarditis, decreased blood pressure, erythema.

Minocycline

A semi-synthetic antibiotic is available in capsule form. The active substance, minocycline hydrochloride dihydrate, affects microbial cells by inhibiting protein synthesis at the ribosome level. The drug has a wide spectrum of bacteriostatic activity. A significant disadvantage of Minocycline is its price. For a package of 20 tablets of 100 mg you will have to pay up to 1000 rubles.

The antibiotic is prescribed for the treatment of acne, skin infections, conjunctivitis, chlamydia and other infectious diseases caused by pathogens sensitive to minocycline. Capsules are taken orally, after meals, in a dosage of 100 mg (1 capsule) every 12 hours. Contraindications are similar to the drugs Doxycycline and Tetracycline hydrochloride. The following side effects may occur while taking the capsules:

• anorexia;
• nausea with vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• colitis;
• pancreatitis;
• vulvovaginal candidiasis;
• baldness;
• exacerbation of asthma;
• dyspnea;
• noise in ears;
• hearing impairment;
• change in color of the oral cavity - tongue, teeth, palate.

Macrolides

A group of antibiotics that is produced primarily in the form of tablets or suspensions. The pharmacological properties of macrolides are somewhat different from tetracycline antibacterial drugs. The effect of these drugs is aimed at disrupting protein synthesis during its transfer to the cellular structures of bacteria. Macrolides bind to the center of the ribosome, destroying peptide bonds and leading to disruption of cyclicity.

The disadvantage of this group of antibiotics is that they act more slowly than their analogues. This is due to the fact that they do not completely destroy bacteria, but stop their activity and reproduction. Resistance of microorganisms to macrolides quickly develops, so these drugs are prescribed less frequently than tetracyclines. At the same time, the risk of allergic reactions is minimal. Popular medications in this group include:

• Azithromycin;
• Erythromycin;
• Macropen;
• Vilprafen;
• Clarithromycin;
• Klacid;
• Rulid.

Azithromycin

One of the most frequently prescribed drugs. It is quickly absorbed and well tolerated by patients, and is able to suppress the growth of Haemophilus influenzae. Azithromycin is prescribed not only for chlamydia, but also during the treatment of bacterial diseases of the upper respiratory tract or ENT organs. The bactericidal effect lasts up to 24 hours, so Azithromycin tablets are taken once a day, on an empty stomach, 1 capsule at a time.

The standard course of treatment for genitourinary tract infections is 3-5 days. If necessary, therapy can be repeated after three months. Azithromycin should be used with caution during pregnancy. Tablets are contraindicated in case of severe kidney or liver disorders, during lactation. Negative reactions of the body occur extremely rarely, the following are possible:

• nausea;
• diarrhea;
• abdominal pain;
• flatulence;
• headache;
• constipation;
• dizziness.

Clarithromycin for chlamydia

Semi-synthetic broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic. Clarithromycin is prescribed for the treatment of bacterial respiratory tract infections, peptic ulcers, and sexually transmitted diseases. The drug has a minimum of contraindications, including:

• individual intolerance;
• children under 12 years of age;
• pregnancy and breastfeeding.

The standard daily dose for adults is 500 mg, divided into two doses. Duration of use – 7 days. Caution must be exercised during treatment of patients with renal or hepatic impairment. In case of simultaneous use of anticoagulants, it is necessary to regularly monitor the level of platelets in the blood. During treatment with Clarithromycin, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, and dizziness may occur.

Klacid

Long-acting tablets inhibit protein synthesis in the microbial cell by interacting with ribosomes. Klacid is capable of accumulating in areas of inflammation and is highly effective against a large number of gram-negative and positive microorganisms, anaerobes and protozoa. The drug is prescribed for the treatment of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, skin and urinary tract infections.

Medicine for chlamydia is prescribed as a single dose of 500 mg (1 tablet) 1 time per day. In the chronic form of the disease, the dosage can be increased to 2 tablets. Take the drug with meals for 5-7 days. Treatment with Klacid is not recommended during pregnancy, breastfeeding, or renal failure. During treatment you may experience:

• nausea;
• vomit;
• thrombocytopenia;
• ventricular arrhythmia;
• gastralgia;
• pancreatitis;
• transient headaches.

Fluoroquinolones

Powerful antibiotics are prescribed for severe forms of infection. Fluoroquinolones inhibit two of the most important enzymes for microbial cells - DNA gyrase and topoisomerase-4, due to which they destroy the bacterial RNA bond, the cell membrane and lead to the death of pathogenic microorganisms. This group of antibiotics is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract). The maximum concentration of the drug in the blood is achieved 1-3 hours after the start of treatment.

While taking fluoroquinolones, it is important to avoid tanning and avoid sunbathing for three days after finishing therapy. For complete absorption of the active substances, it is necessary to take antibiotics at least 2 hours before meals or 6 hours after meals. Fluoroquinolone medications are available with different active ingredients, but only ofloxacin is used in the treatment of chlamydia. It can be found in medicines with the following trade names:

• Ofloxacin;
• Tarivid;
• Zoflox and its analogues.

Ofloxacin

A broad-spectrum antibiotic is available in the form of tablets, capsules, eye drops, and powder for preparing solutions. Ofloxacin negatively affects the DNA of bacteria and destabilizes the vital activity of chlamydia. The drug is actively used in gynecology and urology for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. Somewhat less frequently, the medicine is prescribed for respiratory tract infections.

Ofloxacin antibiotics for chlamydia are prescribed in a dosage of 200-800 mg, for a course of 7-10 days. The medicine should be taken morning and evening with a full glass of water. The antibacterial agent is strictly contraindicated when the convulsive threshold is reduced as a result of injury, hypersensitivity to active components, during pregnancy and lactation. Common adverse reactions:

• allergy;
• tendon pain;
• increased sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation;
• abdominal discomfort;
• nausea;
• diarrhea;
• drowsiness;
• dizziness.

Therapy for chronic chlamydia

Treatment of diseases caused by chlamydia using one or two antibiotics in the form of tablets or suspensions is carried out only if there are no complications. When the disease becomes chronic, in order to avoid relapses, a different treatment regimen is used:

1. Drugs for the treatment of chlamydia are prescribed in the form of injections. Preference is given to drugs with trade names - Cycloferon and Neovir. These are immunostimulating agents with activity against DNA and RNA of chlamydia. The dosage is calculated based on the patient’s weight, 4-6 mg per kilogram of body weight. Injections are given at intervals of 48 hours. The course of treatment is two weeks.
2. After the third injection, Rovamycin is prescribed, an antibiotic from the macrolide group. The daily dose for adults is 2-3 tablets. If adverse reactions occur while taking Rovamycin, the medicine can be replaced with a safer analogue - Sumamed.
3. In addition to immunostimulating agents and antibiotics, topical agents are used - suppositories, creams, ointments with antibacterial action.
4. To maintain the body, vitamins in tablets may be prescribed.

To treat bacterial infections of various locations (genitourinary system, abdominal cavity, upper respiratory tract), drugs based on an active substance such as ornidazole, which is compatible with many other drugs, are used. This allows for more effective drug therapy in case of severe illnesses.

Ornidazole is a nitroimidazole group of antibiotics that has high activity against anaerobic bacteria, as well as pathogens of protozoal infections. It penetrates almost all fluids and tissues of the body and is already active three hours after a single dose. This active substance is eliminated within five days after the first dose.

A drug like Ornidazole has positive reviews, although it has a fairly wide range of side effects. Therefore, the patient is obliged to notify the attending physician about existing chronic diseases in order to adjust the treatment.

This medicinal substance is used for antibacterial and antiprotozoal therapy, providing bactericidal as well as bacteriostatic effects. When taken orally, almost 95% is absorbed from the digestive tract.

Due to the fairly high penetration of ornidazole into almost all tissues and organs, this allows it to be prescribed for pathological processes of any localization that have arisen due to protozoal or anaerobic infections.

The most popular and cheapest drug based on the above active ingredient is Ornidazole obl, which has a lot of analogues, but they are more expensive.

Doctors prescribe this drug to combat the following diseases:

• genitourinary system infections;
• purulent-inflammatory processes of the pelvis in women;
• amoebic dysentery;
• giardiasis;
• amoebic abscess of the liver and brain;
• prevention of infectious infections during operations.

The action of such a drug disrupts the processes of DNA replication and transcription, has a cytotoxic effect, and also destroys the processes of cellular respiration of bacterial microorganisms. Thanks to this, a bacteriostatic effect is also achieved.

There are a large number of drugs based on ornidazole, which can be supplemented with other active ingredients, which expands their range of actions. For this purpose, below are complete descriptions of various medicinal combinations with ornidazole, as well as other drugs from the fluoroquinolone series.

Ornidazole ofloxacin

There is a group of drugs based on the active ingredients - ornidazole and ofloxacin, for example:

1. Iflox;
2. Tiphlox;
3. Polymik.

Such drugs are well tolerated even by the elderly and seriously ill. They are perfect for the treatment of mixed infectious diseases that require combined antibacterial agents, which are embodied in the above drugs.

Ofloxacin rarely develops resistance to pathogenic microorganisms. Its bioavailability after oral administration is about 98% and is completely absorbed from the digestive tract.

Ofloxacin was the first antibacterial drug based on fluoroquinol. At the present time, medications based on fluoroquinol are the most common for the treatment of infectious diseases and purulent-inflammatory processes.

This active substance covers gram-negative as well as gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. It can penetrate the tissues of the female internal genital organs (uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes), which allows its use in the field of gynecological diseases.

Drugs such as Iflox, Polymic and their analogues can be used in various branches of medicine, and in cases where a powerful and effective antibacterial agent is required.

In urology, the above drugs treat:

• chronic and acute pyelonephritis;
• cystitis;
• urethritis;
• various urinary tract infections, etc.

They are also prescribed for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases that are caused by:

1. gonococci;
2. chlamydia and other pathogenic microorganisms.

It is worth noting that the active ingredients ornidazole and ofloxacin perfectly complement each other in the fight against various infections and allow doctors to prescribe it as the main therapy.

At the same time, drugs based on them are characterized by a low price.

Ciprofloxacin ornidazole

Drugs that are based on ciprofloxacin and ornidazole are considered complex antimicrobial and antiprotozoal agents that have a wide spectrum of action on infectious diseases of various etiologies.

Such drugs include:

• Combiflox;
• Ofor.

They are identical in composition (analogues), and the price of Orcipol will be 155 rubles, and its analogue Combiflox will be 650 rubles.

The active substance ciprofloxacin belongs to the second generation of fluoroquinolone. It inhibits the synthesis of bacterial DNA and inhibits them, which promotes morphological changes in the membrane and cell wall of the harmful bacterium. All this leads to her death.

Ciprofloxacin affects bacteria both in a state of growth and in a state of rest. It has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action and penetrates almost all tissues and fluids of the body.

About half of the drug is excreted in the urine, 20% in the feces. The half-life of ciprofloxacin will be from 3 to 5 hours. If this active substance is taken by elderly people, or with liver disease, the half-life can last up to 8 hours.

Ciprofloxacin ornidazole together fights well against the following diseases:

1. abdominal infections;
2. infections of the pelvic organs (uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries);
3. gonorrhea, chlamydia, prostatitis, cystitis;
4. ENT infections (bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.);
5. infections of the skin, mucous membranes;
6. sepsis.

A drug such as Orcipol (based on ciprofloxacin and ornidazole) is prescribed in the postoperative period to prevent the development of infections.

The instructions for use are quite simple, but the patient must carefully read them, due to the fact that different diseases require their own doses of the drug.

What remains unchanged is that the tablets should be taken orally two hours before meals or after. They cannot be chewed or divided in half. On average, the course of treatment ranges from 5 to 7 days.

If drug therapy is prescribed in tablets, then they should be taken 1 piece at a time. twice a day. After the disappearance of clinical symptoms, continue the course of treatment for another three days.

If the attending physician has not prescribed a dosage, you should adhere to the instructions with the following daily doses: for adults, for infections of the urinary tract and genital organs, 1 tablet twice a day, at equal intervals. For cystitis (before menopause), uncomplicated gonorrhea, 1 tablet once.

For children, the daily dose is calculated according to their body weight, from 10 to 20 mg/kg, every 12 hours. The maximum dose of the active substance ciprofloxacin should not exceed 750 mg per day.

For elderly people, that is, over 65 years of age, the dosage should be prescribed only by a doctor and be as low as possible.

Orcipol is contraindicated:

1. children under 15 years of age;
2. pregnant women;
3. lactation period.

Only the attending physician can prescribe Orcipol to the above categories of people, assessing the risk-benefit ratio of the patient.

Metronidazole

Metrodinazole is an antimicrobial, antiprotozoal and antiulcer drug.

The active substance metrodinazole interacts with the DNA cells of harmful microorganisms, inhibiting their synthesis of nucleic acids, which causes the death of microorganisms.

Drugs that contain metrodinazole are presented below; they can be administered orally, locally, rectally and intravenously:

• Metron;
• Batsimex;
• Klion.

The drug is active against many gram-positive bacteria, as well as Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica, obligate anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides spp. (including Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides distasonis, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides vulgatus), Fusobacterium spp., Veillonela spp., and Helicobacter pylori, which contributes to the formation of ulcers.

After oral administration, Metronidazole is well absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract and penetrates into almost all tissues and fluids of the body. That is why its use is contraindicated during lactation, due to the release of the active substance into breast milk. Within eight hours, about half of the drug is eliminated, 60% of which is through urine.

The range of uses of the active substance metrodinazole is quite wide. It is prescribed for the following diseases:

1. giardiasis;
2. liver abscesses;
3. pelvic organ infections;
4. abdominal infections;
5. prevention of infectious infections in the postoperative period.

For patients who have problems with liver function, it is necessary to adjust the dosage regimen of the drug by monitoring it in the blood serum.

Metronidazole is prescribed quite often for chlamydia and is considered one of the most effective drugs for this disease, although this disease is not indicated in the instructions. All this is due to the fact that chlamydia itself is often burdened by other infections.

Typically, drug therapy is supplemented with drugs based on amoxicillin, which suppresses the development of resistance in bacteria to the active substance metrodinazole.

When taking it, the following side effects may occur:

• metallic taste in the mouth;
• gastrointestinal disorder;
• headache;
• allergic rash;
• insomnia, or fatigue.

If one of these factors occurs, then the patient diagnosed with chlamydia must notify the attending physician.

Norfloxacin

This active substance also belongs to the fluoroquinolone series of antibiotics and is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. Based on it, there is a frequently prescribed drug - Nolitsin, which is used for the following diseases:

1. chronic and acute infections of the genitourinary system;
2. gonorrhea;
3. urinary tract relapse;
4. gastroenteritis, bacterial etiology.

Nolitsin is distinguished by the fact that it has relatively few side effects: disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, allergic reaction, nervous system disorder, changes in blood and urine formula (reversible) and heart rhythm disturbances.

This drug is not prescribed to children under the age of 15 years, pregnant women and during the lactation period, since the main active ingredient is absorbed into almost all tissues and liquids, which can harm the fetus. Metronidazole, as the main drug from Ornidazole analogues, will be discussed in the video in this article.

Azithromycin treatment regimen for chlamydia

Currently, there are many diseases that are widespread in the modern world and have become epidemics. Chlamydia is one such disease. To combat chlamydia, various drugs are used, most often antibiotics. Azithromycin is one of them. From this article you will learn a treatment regimen for chlamydia with azithromycin.

Epidemiology of chlamydia

Chlamydial infection occupies one of the leading places in the structure of all STIs. Every year, about 90 million new diseases are registered worldwide. In Russia, more than 1.5 million people become ill with urogenital chlamydia every year (incidence records have been kept since 1993). Most often, men and women of sexually active age (20–40 years) suffer from chlamydia; the incidence rate has increased among adolescents aged 13–17 years. The frequency of infection in pregnant women ranges from 10 to 40%, and with a complicated gynecological history (salpingo-oophoritis, TPB, miscarriage) - from 49 to 63%. The source of infection is persons with manifest or asymptomatic urogenital chlamydia.

Routes of transmission of chlamydial infection.

• Contact: ♦sexual; ♦non-sexual (domestic, possibly family).
• Vertical: ♦antenatal; ♦intranatal.

Classification of chlamydia

According to the severity of the flow, they are distinguished:

• fresh chlamydia (uncomplicated chlamydia of the lower genitourinary tract);
• chronic chlamydia (long-term, recurrent, persistent chlamydia of the upper genitourinary tract, including the pelvic organs).

Based on the topography of the lesion, the following are distinguished:

• chlamydial lesions of the lower genitourinary tract (urethritis, bartholinitis, endocervicitis, vaginitis);
• ascending chlamydial infection (endometritis, salpingitis, salpingoophoritis, pelvioperitonitis, perihepatitis).

Etiology and pathogenesis of chlamydia

Chlamydia has a unique developmental life cycle. It is represented by two cellular forms: highly infectious elementary bodies that do not exhibit metabolic activity and reproductive intracellular reticular bodies. The intracellular development cycle of chlamydia (the transition of elementary bodies into reticular bodies and back) takes 24–72 hours. Then the affected cell is destroyed and many newly formed elementary bodies enter the intercellular spaces, capable of infecting new cells. The incubation period varies from 5–7 days to 3–6 weeks, with an average of 21 days.

Chlamydia is unstable in the external environment, sensitive to high temperature and quickly inactivated when dried. Highly sensitive to 70% ethanol, 2% Lysol, 0.05% silver nitrate, 0.1% potassium iodate, 0.5% potassium permanganate, 25% hydrogen peroxide, 2% chloramine, UV rays.

The humoral immune response is characterized by the production of specific IgM, IgG, IgA. IgM can be detected in the vascular bed within 48 hours after infection. Only 4-8 weeks after infection are antibodies of the IgG class detected. Secretory IgA is formed locally. The production of antibodies, as well as phagocytosis by macrophages, are possible only when chlamydia are in the elementary body (EB) stage in the intercellular space. Therefore, when chlamydia persists inside the cell at the RT stage, the amount of IgG antibodies in the blood is usually small.

The chronic course of chlamydia is characterized by the presence of IgA and IgG. Low, constantly existing titers of IgG antibodies indicate a long-standing chlamydial infection.

The most common clinical forms of chlamydia: acute urethral syndrome, bartholinitis, cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, conjunctivitis, salpingoophoritis, pelvioperitonitis. A serious complication of chlamydia is infertility.

Asymptomatic chlamydial infection is noted depending on the location with a frequency of up to 60–80%. Due to the common routes of transmission of pathogens in STIs, chlamydia is often accompanied by other bacteria and viruses (gonococci, trichomonas, myco, ureaplasma, HSV, CMV, human papillomavirus), which in association increase the pathogenicity of each microorganism and its resistance to treatment.

The following stages are distinguished in the pathogenesis of chlamydial infection:

• infection;
• formation of the primary focus of infection;
• progression of the inflammatory process with multiple lesions of epithelial cells and the appearance of clinical symptoms of the disease;
• functional and organic changes in various organs and systems against the background of developing immunopathological reactions.

Screening and initial consultation for chlamydia

Screening is carried out using PCR and enzyme immunoassay methods. Subject to examination:

• persons who have had sexual contact with patients with urogenital chlamydia;
• persons being tested for other STIs;
• women with mucopurulent discharge from the cervical canal, symptoms of adnexitis, infertility, miscarriage;
• newborns from mothers who have had a chlamydial infection during pregnancy;
• men with mucopurulent discharge from the urethra, symptoms of dysuria.

Preventive measures should promote a healthy sexual lifestyle, inform the population about the routes of infection, early and late clinical manifestations of infection and methods of their prevention (safe sex).

Diagnosis of chlamydia

Diagnosis of urogenital chlamydia is based on an assessment of the epidemiological history, clinical picture, and laboratory test results. There is a high risk of infection in people with multiple and casual sexual relationships.

Clinical manifestations of urogenital chlamydia are quite wide: from the absence of specific symptoms to the development of manifest forms of the disease. Moreover, the asymptomatic course of the disease does not exclude ascending infection of the uterine cavity and its appendages. The clinical picture of chlamydial infection is determined by the virulence of the pathogen, the duration of persistence of chlamydia, the location of lesions and the state of the human immune system.

The following options for damage to the lower genitourinary tract are possible:

• urethritis (more often in children and men);
• paraurethritis;
• bartholinitis;
• endocervicitis;
• vaginitis

Ways of spreading of ascending infection:

• canalicular (through the cervical canal, uterine cavity, fallopian tubes to the peritoneum and abdominal organs);
• hematogenous (extragenital lesions; for example, pharynx, joint capsules);
• lymphogenous (via lymphatic capillaries);
• sperm;
• via VMC.

Clinical forms of ascending chlamydial infection:

• salpingitis and salpingoophoritis (most often they have a subacute, long-term course without a tendency to worsen);
• endometritis (rarely acute, often chronic);
• infertility (sometimes this is the patient’s only complaint).

Complications of chlamydia

• ectopic pregnancy;
• complete or partial obstruction of the fallopian tubes;
• adhesions in the pelvis;
• chronic pelvic pain syndrome;
• miscarriage;
• perihepatitis;
• Reiter's disease (cervicitis, arthritis, conjunctivitis).

Drug treatment of chlamydia

• azithromycin, orally 1 g once for an uncomplicated form, for a complicated form - 500 mg 2 times a day for 7–10 days;
• doxycycline, orally 100 mg 2 times a day for 7 days;
• josamycin, orally 500 mg 3 times a day for 7 days;
• clarithromycin, orally 250 mg 2 times a day for 7 days;
• roxithromycin, orally 150 mg 2 times a day for 7 days;
• ofloxacin, orally 200 mg 2 times a day for 7 days.

For complicated forms of urogenital chlamydia, the same drugs are used, but the duration of treatment is at least 14–21 days.

Alternative treatment regimens for chlamydia:

• erythromycin, orally 250 mg 4 times a day for 14 days;
• lomefloxacin, 400 mg once a day for 7–10 days.

In order to prevent candidiasis during antibacterial therapy for chlamydia, it is advisable to prescribe antifungal drugs: nystatin, natamycin, fluconazole, itraconazole. In case of co-infection with C. trachomatis, trichomonas, urea, mycoplasmas, anaerobic microflora (in pathogenic concentrations), the treatment regimen should include protistocidal drugs from the very beginning: metronidazole orally 500 mg 2 times a day for 7 days.

In case of recurrent chronic chlamydia, the use of immunomodulators is pathogenetically justified, since they normalize the immune status and participate in the elimination of chlamydia by directly inhibiting their replication and transcription:

• meglumine acridone acetate, 12.5% ​​solution 2 ml intramuscularly every other day for 5 to 10 injections;
• sodium oxodihydroacridinyl acetate (neovir ©), 250 mg intravenously per 1 ml of 0.5% procaine solution daily 10 injections;
• IFN alpha2, 1 suppository vaginally at night every day for 10 days. Enzyme preparations are used: Wobenzym©, chymotrypsin.

Advantages of Azithromycin as an antibiotic for chlamydia and dosage

Azithromycin (a subclass of azalides) has virtually revolutionized the treatment of chlamydial infection. This is one of the most widely studied antibiotics for chlamydia, its effectiveness reaches 96%.

• Azithromycin is especially effective for chronic persistent genital chlamydia.
• The advantage of Azithromycin is that it works after taking a single dose. But the sufferer will have to wait seven days after completing treatment before they can have sex again.
• Azithromycin is recommended as first-line treatment for genital chlamydial infection during pregnancy. There is evidence of the safety and effectiveness of the drug for pregnant women.
• In addition, recent studies suggest that Azithromycin, with its immunomodulatory effects, may be preferable to Doxycycline for the treatment of recurrent Ch. trachomatis associated with infertility.
• Azithromycin is taken 1 g orally in a single dose. Or 500 mg in one dose on 1 day, then 250 mg once a day for two days.

For indolent forms of the disease, doctors usually prescribe complex inpatient treatment: antibiotics in combination with immunotherapy. Its duration is determined by the doctor, based on the general condition of the patient and the degree of neglect of the disease.

Azithromycin for urethritis of non-chlamydial etiology

Azithromycin exhibits high activity not only against chlamydia, but also other infections that can be transmitted through sexual contact: Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma genitalium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus ducreyi. Mycoplasma hominis is resistant to azithromycin in most cases.

Azithromycin is also active against gram-positive (St. aureus, St. epidermidis, including strains producing beta-lactamases, various types of streptococci, with the exception of strains resistant to macrolides and enterococci) and gram-negative flora (Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhallis, etc. ). These microorganisms can also be found in the genitourinary tract, but their role in the occurrence of urethritis has not been proven.

Recommendations for the use of azithromycin for chlamydial infection

For the treatment of patients with chlamydial infection of the lower parts of the urogenital tract, all of the above guidelines, as the method of choice, recommend a single dose of azithromycin at a dose of 1.0 grams, 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after, if the drug is used in capsules, or regardless of meals when taking pills. Another drug of choice is doxycycline, which is prescribed 100 mg 2 times a day for 7 days.

The disadvantages of azithromycin compared to doxycycline could include the higher cost of azithromycin. However, according to the results of pharmacoeconomic studies conducted by the CDC, the higher cost of azithromycin compared with doxycycline is offset by lower costs associated with the treatment of PID, ectopic pregnancy and infertility arising from inadequate therapy associated with non-adherence to the prescribed treatment regimen, which is much more common in prescribing doxycycline.

The advantages of azithromycin over doxycycline, in addition to higher treatment compliance, include better tolerability, as well as the possibility of use in adolescents.

For many years, there was no reliable data on the isolation of C. trachomatis strains resistant to macrolides. The first reliable report of the isolation of C. trachomatis strains from 3 patients for which the azithromycin MIC was higher than 4.0 μg/L was published in 2000 (Somani J. et al, 2000). In addition to resistance to azithromycin, resistance to doxycycline and ofloxacin was also detected in the isolated strains. The mechanisms of C. trachomatis resistance to macrolides have not yet been studied, and its detection is associated with significant methodological difficulties.

In this case, cross-resistance to other macrolides may occur. So far, rare reports of antibiotic resistance of chlamydia to azithromycin have no clinical significance and have not led to changes in existing recommendations for the treatment of chlamydial infection with this antibiotic.

Drugs for the effects of chlamydia and its treatment for men and women

One of the negative effects of antibacterial drugs for chlamydia for men and women is that they are not selective in choosing microorganisms to “eliminate.” During treatment, good bacterial colonies in the intestines die along with the “pests”.

It leads to:

• weakening of immune function;
• hormonal imbalance;
• skin itching;
• insomnia;
• and even mood disorders such as unexplained anxiety.

Therefore, after treatment for chlamydia, it is important to take immediate steps to restore gut health.

For this purpose, doctors prescribe:

• Prebiotics are complex carbohydrates (inulin, lactulose), which are an activator of the growth of beneficial microorganisms found in the intestines.
• Preparations with prebiotics. They contain beneficial microorganisms that populate the colon and perform functions in the production of certain vitamins (such as B12), help digest food and lower cholesterol, and neutralize toxins that are formed during digestion. And this is only part of their useful work.

To restore and strengthen the immune system after chlamydial infection, the following are used:

• multivitamins;
• herbal immunostimulants;
• medications from the interferon drug group (for example, Viferon).

Systemic enzyme therapy using the drugs Wobenzym, Phlogenzyme and Wobe-mugos E has an effect on the body as a whole, allowing it to “catch” free radicals and have a beneficial effect on the components of the immune system at the cellular and molecular level.

Conclusion

Thus, the unique pharmacokinetic characteristics of azithromycin are a long half-life, high level of absorption and stability in an acidic environment, the ability of this antibiotic to be transported by leukocytes to the site of inflammation, high and prolonged concentration in tissues, the ability to penetrate into cells, as well as simple regimens of use, high clinical the effectiveness and compliance of treatment, low toxicity maintain the position of azithromycin as the main drug in the treatment of chlamydial urethritis in men and other pathologies associated with chlamydial infection.

Sources:

• www.medsecret.net/ginekologiya/mochepolovye-infekcii/92-hlamidioz
• http://impotencija.net/hlamidioz/antibiotiki/
• https://www.lvrach.ru/2008/01/4758161/

About the unfriendly union of Trichomonas and Chlamydia

Among the most common sexually transmitted diseases, trichomoniasis and chlamydia occupy leading positions. The clinical manifestations of these pathologies are largely similar, and the methods of diagnosis and treatment are not very different.

The main danger of chlamydia and trichomoniasis is that they negatively affect the human reproductive system, so you should know prevention methods to avoid infection.

Relationship between trichomoniasis and chlamydia

The symptoms of both pathologies are more pronounced in women; in men they often occur in a latent form, without any special signs, which makes timely treatment difficult.

Are trichomoniasis and chlamydia the same thing? Both infections can develop simultaneously, since chlamydia and trichomonas often live simultaneously in the human body.

Symptoms of trichomoniasis

Manifestations of pathology

Signs of chlamydia

Symptoms of chlamydia

Treatment of combined infection

If unpleasant symptoms appear, you should visit a gynecologist, urologist or venereologist. Diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases includes taking a smear from the vagina, urethra, cervical, urethra, PCR, clinical blood and urine tests.

Based on the results obtained, the doctor selects drugs that can destroy all types of pathogenic microorganisms.

If treatment is not started in a timely manner, men develop urethritis, prostatitis due to sexually transmitted infections, decreased libido, and possible infertility.

The inflammatory process covers the testicles and seminal vesicles. In women, trichomoniasis and chlamydia can cause adhesions and inability to conceive. Pathogenic microorganisms can cause miscarriage or premature birth during pregnancy.

How to expel chlamydia?

Antibacterial drugs are used to treat chlamydia; in order for the therapy to be effective, it is necessary to first test the sensitivity of microorganisms to the active substance of the drug.

The drug of choice for the treatment of chlamydia is often Doxycycline from the tetracycline group. Despite long-term use of this medicine, pathogenic microorganisms have not developed immunity to it. Dosage regimen: on day 1, 200 mg in the morning and evening, then 100 mg twice a day.

Azithromycin (Sumamed) helps to cope well with chlamydia - on day 1 you need to take 500 mg of the medicine in the morning and evening, then 500 mg once a day every other day for a week.

How to treat chlamydia:

• macrolides – Clarithromycin, Fromilid, 500 mg twice a day for 7 days;
• rifamycins – Rifampicin;
• fluoroquinols – Ciprofloxacin, Ciprobay, Ofloxacin;
• antimycotic drugs - Flucostat, 50 mg once a day for a week;
• suppositories - Hexicon, Vagilak, administered anally or vaginally;
• means for restoring microflora - Linex, Hilak-Forte;
• local preparations – Erythromycin, Tetracycline ointment.

The average duration of treatment for chlamydia is 1–2 weeks. Additionally, immunomodulators and vitamin complexes are prescribed.

When treating chlamydia in pregnant women, Erythromycin is used - 500 mg once every 6 hours for a week, or 250 mg four times a day for 2 weeks. The same drug is also used to treat children - the dosage is 50 mg/kg. Reception should be continued for 10–14 days.

In case of chronic chlamydia, before starting antibacterial therapy, a course of Polyoxidonium injections is first administered or Interferon is prescribed to strengthen the patient’s immunity.

Reliable ways to get rid of Trichomonas

The main drug for the treatment of trichomoniasis is Metronidazole and its derivatives. The medicine is available in the form of tablets and vaginal suppositories, which allows you to effectively treat the infection in women and men. Duration of treatment is 7–14 days.

Tinidazole, Ornidazole, Macmiror, and antibiotics from the tetracycline group are used as additional drugs.

Is it possible to treat sexually transmitted diseases with folk remedies?

Alternative medicine methods will not help get rid of chlamydia and trichomonas, but they can enhance the therapeutic effect of medications and speed up the recovery process.

One of the effective methods of combating sexually transmitted infections is douching with garlic tincture. Pour 500 ml of alcohol into 50% chopped garlic, place in a dark place for 14 days, shake daily.

Strain the resulting tincture and dilute it with water in a ratio of 1:10 before the procedure. One session will require 300 ml of solution.

Juice therapy also helps well - add 60 ml of fresh beetroot and cranberry juice to 120 ml of blackcurrant juice. Drink the drink in the morning and evening after meals for a month. This treatment method helps strengthen the immune system and is effective for chronic infections.

Prevention of STDs

To avoid infection with sexually transmitted diseases, you must be careful when choosing a sexual partner, use barrier contraception, and do not use other people’s underwear, washcloths, or towels.

A story from a qualified specialist about the treatment of combined STIs:

Strict adherence to the rules of personal hygiene is the basic rule for preventing various sexually transmitted infections.

Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases involves regular visits to the doctor; partners should undergo all necessary tests at the stage of pregnancy planning to avoid miscarriage, premature birth, and infection of the fetus.

Trichomoniasis and chlamydia are dangerous sexually transmitted diseases that negatively affect the functioning of the genitourinary and reproductive systems. Is it possible to cure the diseases forever?

Alternative opinion. While visiting Dr. Komarovsky, obstetrician-gynecologist Sergei Baksheev talks about commercial diagnoses in gynecology, among which he names chlamydia:

With timely diagnosis and proper therapy, you can get rid of pathologies without consequences and complications in 2 weeks. If you start an infectious process, it will become chronic and require long-term and not always successful treatment.