Stroking. Features of the physiological effect, technique and method of performing the technique Definition. Stroking is the main massage technique in which the massaging hand glides over the skin without moving it into folds. Physiological effect. On the skin

Kneading. Features of the physiological impact, technique and methodology for performing the technique Definition. Kneading is the most complex massage technique in terms of technique, in which the massaging hand performs several phases (according to Verbov A.F., 1966): a) continuous

Vibration. Features of the physiological impact, technique and methodology for performing the technique Definition. Vibration is a massage technique in which the massage therapist’s hand (or apparatus) transmits oscillatory movements to the massaged part of the body with different frequency, intensity,

Massage techniques: rubbing

Rubbing is the displacement of the skin and deeper tissues in different directions to form a skin fold.

When performing a technique, the massage therapist’s brush must certainly have support on the surface of the massaged area in order to control the depth of penetration into the tissue and regulate its intensity. The massage therapist's fingers or other part of the hand are pressed tightly against the skin and do not slip when performing the technique. Rubbing alternates with stroking and is carried out before kneading.

Rubbing is performed quite quickly - up to 60 movements per minute. But the slower the massage therapist’s hands move, the more effective his action. The direction of the massage lines along which rubbing occurs does not depend on the course of the lymph flow, since the technique is local in each individual act of rubbing movement. To increase the impact on the area being rubbed, increase the angle of the fingers to the surface of the body. The closer the angle is to 90°, the deeper the penetration into the tissue. All multidirectional movements are performed alternately so as not to subject the skin to additional stretching.

Loss of support during rubbing leads to loss of control over the depth of penetration into the tissue, and the technique can be performed deeper and more painful than the massage therapist can afford when working with a specific person.

Rubbing promotes:

Increased tissue mobility, softening, loosening of pathological formations (tissue hardening, deposition of salts and other substances), stretching of scars and adhesions;

Increased flow of lymph and blood to the massaged area, redistribution of fluids in tissues and intertissue spaces;

Improving the conductivity of nerve fibers.

Promotion contractility muscles, their elasticity and mobility.

Basic rubbing techniques

Straight-line rubbing

The technique is performed with the end phalanges of one or more fingers of one or both hands.

In the initial position, the massage therapist’s hands are parallel to each other, supported by the bases of the palms, the fingers are relaxed and slightly bent at the interphalangeal joints, the pads are pressed tightly to the surface of the skin.

Rubbing itself occurs when the fingertips move towards the bases of the palms, while the skin and deeper tissues smoothly stretch and rub against each other. When maximum tension in the tissue is reached, the fingers return to their original position along with the displaced area of ​​the skin due to its natural elasticity. The massage therapist's hands are moved to the next area.

Circular rubbing with fingers(Fig. 27)

The initial position of the massage therapist's hands is the same as when performing straight-line rubbing. The difference between this technique is that the rubbing movement of the massage therapist’s fingers occurs in an arc in the direction of the little fingers. The fingertips are also tightly pressed to the skin of the massaged area, smoothly displace it with a gradually increasing pressure force and also smoothly return to its original position, reducing pressure on the skin. The technique is performed with both hands alternately so as not to stretch the skin to the point of tearing.

Circular comb-like rubbing(Fig. 28)

The thumbs are positioned perpendicular to the plane of the palm. They act as a support during the execution of the technique. The remaining four fingers of each hand are bent at the interphalangeal joints so that the dorsal surfaces of the middle phalanges form a plane that presses tightly against the skin and acts as a rubbing ridge.

The rubbing movement is made by the plane of the middle phalanges of the fingers in an arc in the direction of the little finger. After maximum tissue tension is achieved, the massage therapist’s hand returns to its original position due to the natural elasticity of the skin. The fingers should not move relative to each other; there is no need to work with the knuckles of the joints. This technique is deeper than the previous ones.

Rubbing the bases of the palms(Fig. 29)

The massage therapist's hands are relaxed, parallel to each other, resting the bases of the palms on the massaged area. Working alternately with both hands, the massage therapist presses the skin and underlying tissues with the bases of the palms and moves them forward and to the side in the direction of the little fingers. The rubbing load gradually increases to its maximum. Then the working brush along the same trajectory returns to its original position along with the

the area of ​​skin being washed off, and the pressure on it gradually decreases. Hands are alternately moved forward along the massage line. The move is deep and strong and can be performed with one hand and weights with a free hand.

Rake rubbing(Fig. 30)

The massage therapist's fingers are widely spaced, as when performing rake-like stroking. Support on the base of the palms. The rubbing movement is carried out with the pads of the fingers in the direction of the bases of the palms, as with straight rubbing. The technique can be performed with one hand, with both hands simultaneously and alternately. Applies to chest for working out the intercostal muscles and ribs.

Sawing(Fig. 31)

The technique is performed using the edges of the palms. The massage therapist's hands are placed parallel at a distance of 1.5–3 cm. A roller of massaged tissue is formed between the palms, which is rubbed with multidirectional movements of the hands. It is used on the back along the spine, in the lumbar region, on the buttocks, and abdomen to work out large subcutaneous fat deposits.

Crossing(Fig. 32)

Performed using the radial edges of the brushes. The thumbs are abducted as much as possible in the planes of the palms. The arcs formed between the first and second fingers are installed on lateral surface torso (for example, in the lumbar region) in such a way that the hands are parallel and their backs are directed towards each other. Between the hands is 1.5–3 cm. Using multidirectional movements of both hands, rub the skin fold. Grinding(Fig. 33)

The fold of skin formed by rolling (see the “kneading” technique) is rubbed between the palms. Used to improve elasticity, tissue mobility and reduce fat deposits on the abdomen, hips, and lower back.

Hatching(Fig. 34)

The technique is performed with the pads of the second, third or second, third, fourth, fifth fingers. The fingers are straightened and placed on the massaged area at an angle of 30°. With short transverse movements, the skin and underlying tissues are shifted from the massage line to one side or the other, making damped oscillatory movements. The technique is used where there are cicatricial changes in the skin, with atrophy of individual muscle groups, skin diseases, and flaccid paralysis.

Trituration

Concept of reception. Rubbing consists of moving, displacing or stretching tissues in different directions. When rubbing, the massaging hand should move, displace the skin, and not slide over it. In other words, rubbing is massaging tissue through the skin. The duration of use of this technique is on average 30-40% of the time of the entire massage session.

Physiological influence. Rubbing is much more energetic than stroking. Displacement and stretching of tissues leads to increased blood circulation due to the dilation of blood vessels and acceleration of blood flow in them. In this case, the skin temperature can increase by +1.5 ... +3 ° C. More oxygen, nutrients and chemical active substances are delivered to the tissues and metabolic products are removed faster. This rubbing action is widely used in any type of massage. In a recovery massage session after physical exercise rubbing increases blood circulation, promotes faster oxidation of under-oxidized metabolic products in tissues and their removal from the body. IN therapeutic massage rubbing helps accelerate the resorption of hardening, pathological deposits and fluid accumulations in tissues, especially in the joints, increasing tissue mobility, stretching scars, adhesions in skin adhesions, etc. Vigorous rubbing increases contractile function and muscle tone.

Rubbing is the main technique for massaging healthy or diseased joints, during overloads, injuries and microtraumas, in which changes often occur in the joint area, leading to a decrease in the range of motion in the joints and their pain.

Rubbing reduces the excitability of the central nervous system. For neuritis and neuralgia, deep rubbing along the nerve trunks or at the sites of nerve endings reduces pain.

Varieties of rubbing techniques: 1) fingertips; 2) the base of the palm; 3) the back surface of the fingers; 4) sawtooth.

Execution technique. Rubbing with fingertips is a universal technique due to the great tactile sensitivity of the fingertips, but also the most difficult to perform technically. The brush is placed on the massaged area so that good support is created for the base of the palm, which should be maintained throughout the entire technique. The fingers are as relaxed as possible, slightly bent at the interphalangeal joints and rest on their pads (Fig. 31, a). Then you need to do the following exercises: bend and straighten the II-V fingers in all interphalangeal joints and at the same time move the skin toward you - away from you (fingers should not slide, stroke the skin, they are as if glued to it) (Fig. 31, b). At the moment of flexion, the pressure of the fingertips on the massaged skin surface increases, and during extension it decreases. At this moment, the massage therapist’s brush moves over the massaged area in any direction, but most often away from you (Fig. 31, c). This is how you perform the option of rubbing the fingertips with linear movement over one or another massaged area.

A more universal method of rubbing with fingertips is the option of circular displacement of the skin of the massaged area. To do this, you need to add the following exercise: at the moment you begin to bend the fingers and shift the skin, add another circular movement along the maximum circle (depending on the mobility of the skin in the massaged area) and return to the starting position (Fig. 31, d). To perform the next round of movement, the massaging hand, at the moment of extending the fingers, should move slightly in any direction along the massaged area (More convenient from yourself) (Fig. 31, e).

Thus, circular rubbing movements are carried out by flexion and lateral displacement, and then extension of the fingers at the interphalangeal joints, while a spiral is drawn, as it were, on the surface of the massaged area simultaneously with the skin shifting. The pressure force of the fingers increases as they bend and the distal phalanges acquire a vertical position relative to the skin, and decreases as they extend and acquire horizontal position, at this moment the fingers slowly move across the skin.

The features of performing the types of reception are as follows:

a) when rubbing with one hand the massage therapist’s other hand can support or fix the massaged area of ​​the body to promote better muscle relaxation (Fig. 32);

b) when rubbing with both hands circular movements are performed in their directions ( right hand clockwise, left - counterclockwise) and always alternately in order to mutually compensate the stretched areas of the massaged skin. It is widely used in any type of massage (Fig. 33);

c) at rubbing with weights one hand takes the position usual for circular rubbing with the pads of the fingers, and the other hand is placed on top so that its fingers increase the pressure distal phalanges fingers of the lower hand. Circular movements are made towards the massaging hand (Fig. 34);

G) rubbing with separate fingers It is used mainly for massage of the hand, foot, and small muscles (Fig. 35). The technical requirements for this type of technique are the same. Rubbing with individual fingers is also done not only in circular movements, but also in straight lines (see Fig. 31).

The most common mistakes with this technique are: rough, painful rubbing; rubbing movements on the skin, and not with the skin, which reduces the effect of the technique; rubbing with straight fingers instead of bending and straightening them at the interphalangeal joints, which is tiring for the massage therapist; loss of support at the base of the palm during circular rubbing with the fingertips, which increases the energy consumption of the massage therapist; constant pressure force with your fingers (small or, conversely, large) instead of necessary promotion its strength when bending the fingers and decreasing when extending; excessive tension in the hand, causing discomfort and pain; simultaneous phases of movement when rubbing with both hands, leading to overstretching of the skin and unpleasant sensations at the person being massaged.

The requirements for the technique of performing other techniques and their varieties, the main mistakes are fundamentally the same as when rubbing in a circular manner with the fingertips.

Rubbing the base of the palm with one or two hands and with weights consists in the fact that the massage therapist places the bases of the palms on the massaged area and performs circular movements, moving the hands together with the skin of the person being massaged. The massage therapist's arms should be straightened elbow joints, the support for reception is actually shoulder joints(Fig. 36).

When rubbing with the base of the palm with a weight, the hand of one hand is placed on the massaged area with the base of the palm, the other hand is applied to the back surface of the underlying hand to increase pressure. The direction of movement is the same as when rubbing with fingertips with weights.

At rubbing with the back of the fingers the hand (or hands) is half clenched into a fist and pressed against the massaged area with the middle phalanges from the 2nd to 5th finger, while leaning on thumbs. Then circular movements are made, as described above (Fig. 37).

At sawtooth rubbing Both hands are pressed against the massaged area with the ulnar or radial edges of the hand, and then sawing movements of the hands are performed (one hand goes towards oneself, the other - away from oneself). At the same time, HANDS can slide over the skin. The sensation of warmth v massaged depends on the degree of pressure and displacement of the skin (Fig. 38).

When carrying out all types of rubbing, the fingers and hand of the massage therapist should not strain too much, otherwise the rubbing will be painful for the person being massaged and tiring for the massage therapist.

Trituration - massage appointment, in which the massage therapist’s hand, applying pressure, does not slide, but displaces the skin and underlying tissues in different directions, shifting and stretching them.

BASIC RUINING TECHNIQUES

1. Rubbing with fingers:

a) rubbing palmar surfaces nail phalanges of one or four fingers (in the literature they are sometimes written as “end phalanges” or “finger pads”). The movement can be performed with emphasis on the first finger or the base of the palm;

b) rubbing with the thumb (I) finger. Movement becomes possible when the hand rests on the other fingers.

This technique is used to massage the head, face and scalp, joints, tendons of individual muscles, intercostal spaces, chest, abdomen, back, and limbs. Can be used with weights.

2. Rubbing with palmar surface. Perform by pressing the palm tightly against the massaged surface. When performing a technique, the palm does not slide, but moves skin covering with underlying tissues.

Used for massage of the chest, back, pelvis, and limbs.

3. Rubbing with the elbow edge of the hand. The technique is performed with one or two hands, or with weights.

Used for the back, abdomen, pelvic area, limbs, large joints.

4. Rubbing with the supporting part of the hand (the base of the palm). Everything said about the previous one applies to this technique.

5. Fist rubbing. In this case, the fingers are closed into a fist, and contact with the massaged surface is made from the ulnar edge of the wrist and the ulnar surface of the fifth finger. Everything else is performed in the same way as the 3rd and 4th techniques.

AUXILIARY RUBBING TECHNIQUES

1. Rake-like rubbing is performed with fingers spread at an angle of 30 - 35′. The brush is installed at an angle of 30 - 45′ to the massaged surface.

Used to massage the head, intercostal spaces, back, and limbs.

2. Comb-like rubbing is performed with the distal ends proximal phalanges, bent into a fist.

It is used for massage of the chest, back, limbs (especially on the palmar and plantar surfaces).

3. Sawing. A technique in which rubbing is carried out with the elbow edge of one, and more often than two, hands. When sawing with both hands, the hands are facing each other with their palm surfaces at a distance of 1 - 3 cm and perform reciprocating movements (sawing) in the opposite direction. In this case, a roll of massaged tissue must form between the brushes.

The technique is used to massage the joints, neck, back, abdomen, and limbs.

4. Intersection. This technique is similar to sawing, but it is performed with the radial edge of the hand at maximum abduction of 1 finger. Perform with one or two hands. When working with one hand, the massaged area is compressed by the radial edge of the hand, and with short rhythmic movements away from you (direction towards 1 finger) and towards yourself (direction towards 1 finger), the massage therapist carries out a deep displacement of the soft tissues. When crossing with two hands, the hands are turned towards each other with their back surfaces at a distance of 2 - 3 cm and make sawing movements in the opposite direction.

Used in the same place as sawing.

5. Forceps-like rubbing. Performed using the palmar surfaces of the distal phalanges of the I-II or I-II-III fingers.

Used for massage of individual muscles, tendons, and in cosmetic massage.

6. Planing. Performed using the fingertips (palm surfaces of the distal phalanges). In this case, the brushes are installed one after another at an angle of 30-45′ to the surface being massaged and, separately, sequentially, with translational movements reminiscent of the movement of a tool during planing, the tissues are immersed, producing their displacement and stretching.

Used for massage of the back and limbs.

7. Hatching. Perform using the palmar surfaces of the distal phalanges of 2-5 fingers. The fingers are extended as much as possible, closed and set at an angle of 30-40′ to the massaged surface. Tissues are displaced longitudinally or transversely. The physiological effect of rubbing is based on the same mechanisms as during stroking. But given the greater displacement of tissue and, consequently, a more pronounced reaction of the body, general and local changes during rubbing are more pronounced. When rubbing is performed correctly, the contractile function of muscles and their tone increase, blood circulation and lymph flow are significantly accelerated, due to which trophic processes in tissues are significantly improved. Depending on the method and technique of performing the technique, it can have a calming or stimulating effect on the central nervous system.

Used for massage postoperative scars, muscle atrophy, skin diseases.

Carrying out rubbing

1. Massage movements when rubbing, it is carried out in the longitudinal, transverse directions, zigzag, circularly, spirally. Corresponding to the direction of lymph flow is not necessary.

2. The technique is performed with one or two hands, with or without weights, intermittently and continuously.

3. It is advisable not to perform rubbing techniques one after another, but to alternate them with stroking and other techniques.

4. The techniques should be carried out quite energetically (60 - 100 movements per minute), without holding the hand on one area for more than 8 - 10 seconds, and at the same time carefully, constantly taking into account the possibility of the patient’s individual intolerance to this technique. Gently massage areas with excess hairline. In this case, be sure to use massage creams or talc.

MISTAKES POSSIBLE WHEN RUNNING

• An insufficiently experienced massage therapist often performs rubbing in a rough, painful manner, which causes negative reaction sick.
• Care should be taken to ensure that the hand does not slide over the skin, but moves along with the skin and underlying tissues (this is often forgotten).
• You cannot rub with straight fingers (except for planing and shading); they must be bent at the interphalangeal joints.
• Working with both hands, a novice massage therapist often acts not simultaneously, but alternately (the latter is undesirable).