Various complications can accompany any surgical procedure. Dental implantation is no exception. Here, a lot depends on the qualifications and experience of the doctor, the complexity of the manipulations performed and a number of other factors. The occurrence (or non-occurrence) of complications can be influenced by the patient himself, by following or ignoring the doctor’s recommendations.

Complications during implantation

• Fracture of the pilot drill or bur.
• Damage to the bottom of the maxillary sinus or penetration of the drill into the nasal cavity.
• Violation of the integrity of the wall of the mandibular canal and damage to the inferior ventricular nerve.
• Damage by bur to the lower and lateral compact layers of the lower jaw.
• Partial or complete absence of primary fixation of the implant.
• Violation of the integrity of the wall of the alveolar process.

Damage to instruments can have various causes: excessive pressure on the fissure bur at the time of longitudinal drilling of the implant bed, violation of temperature conditions for sterilization of equipment, or the implant exhausting its service life in 30 sterilization cycles.

Damage to the floor of the maxillary sinus may be the result of an erroneous determination of the height of the alveolar process or excessive pressure on the instrument. If such a situation arises, you should refrain from installing the implant in this place and, if possible, install it in close proximity to the already formed bed. Another possible option is to install an implant, the length of the intraosseous part of which is two millimeters less than the depth of the finished bed. In this case, the bed must first be filled with bone chips or hydroxyapatite removed from the instrument. The recommended method of implantation in this case is a two-stage one, and it is better to choose a screw or combined intraosseous element.

Damage to the inferior ventricular nerve and injuries to the wall of the mandibular canal can be caused by negligence in preparing the bone bed or incorrect determination of the size of the implant due to possible distortion of the vertical size of the mandible on the orthopantomogram. If the preparation of the canal wall results in the occurrence of an intracanal hematoma and subsequent compression of the nerve, then restoration of sensitivity in the area of ​​innervation can be expected in two to three weeks. In cases of osteoporosis, the wall of the mandibular canal may be defective or absent altogether; in this case, the effect on the lower ventricular nerve can be explained by hemorrhage in the area of ​​the medullary spaces, as well as swelling of the reticular tissue of the bone marrow. Partial loss of sensation (or parasthesia) in the lower lip area may be felt the day after surgery and disappear completely after five to seven days. If the decrease in sensitivity of the lower lip, caused by a violation of the integrity of the wall of the mandibular canal and the inferior alveolar nerve, persists for one to two weeks, then the implant must be removed and the necessary symptomatic treatment performed.

Violation of the integrity of the lower or lateral compact layer of the lower jaw, by and large, is not a complication, but if during control radiographs it turns out that part of the implant extends beyond the jawbone by more than two millimeters, it is necessary to replace the installed implant with another one, whose height of the intraosseous part is less.

A fracture of the alveolar process wall very often occurs as a result of the installation of a plate implant if the bone bed under it was formed of a smaller size than necessary. Another possible reason for this complication is the narrowness of the alveolar process. In this case, you need to press the broken part to the appendage and stitch the wound.

If the implant in the bone bed is mobile and there is no fixation, the reason for this may be either improper preparation of the bone bed or osteoporosis. If the preparation of the bone bed was performed incorrectly, the installed implant can be replaced with a similar one, but of a slightly larger diameter (if this is allowed by the existing anatomical conditions), or the installed implant can be kept in the existing bed, filling the gaps in its upper part with bone chips. If the cause of implant mobility is osteoporosis, it can be fixed by filling the bed with osteoconductive or osteoinductive material. There is another option: replacing the existing implant with an implant of a different design, for example, a cylindrical one with a screw one, without cutting threads in the bed, which was prepared for installing a cylindrical implant.

Complications in the postoperative period

• Hemorrhages and hematomas.
• Seam divergence.
• The occurrence of inflammatory processes in the soft tissues surrounding the jaw.
• Pain.

Such complications are not very common and are caused either by complications that arise during the operation or by the patient ignoring the doctor’s recommendations.

Complications during the period of reparative bone tissue regeneration

The cause of peri-implantitis is inflammation of the soft tissue in the surgical site, which leads to the destruction of the bone tissue surrounding the implant. This condition can be caused by the presence of a hematoma over the plug of the intraosseous element and its subsequent suppuration, as well as incorrect preparation of the bone bed, closure of the postoperative wound and the condition of the oral cavity, which leaves much to be desired.

Treatment of peri-implantitis is carried out as follows:

• Plaque is removed from the part of the implant protruding into the oral cavity.
• The implant cuff is detoxified using a citric acid solution for 1 minute.
• The gingival cuff is treated with antibacterial gel.
• Drug therapy is carried out.
• Hygienic care of the oral cavity is recommended (rinsing with antiseptic solutions).

If the measures taken did not produce results, and the inflammatory process could not be stopped, or after some time a relapse of peri-implantitis was discovered, then the implant must be removed.

Implant failure is essentially an inflammatory process that begins in the bone surrounding the implant and spreads to adjacent areas. Rejection can be caused by thermal damage to the bone tissue during the preparation process (which leads to the formation of granulation tissue between the implant and the bone), as well as osteoporosis of a specific area of ​​​​the bone tissue and insufficient blood supply (which leads to necrosis of the bone around the implant). There is only one way to get rid of this problem - removing the implant.

Complications during the second stage of the operation

• Removing the intraosseous element of the implant along with the plug.
• Penetration of the implant into the maxillary sinus.
• Formation of a section of bone tissue over the intraosseous element.

The intraosseous element may become unscrewed if the process of reparative bone regeneration is disrupted and implant integration is lacking. In this case, the implant can simply be returned to its original place, the patient can be prescribed calcium supplements, and after a month and a half, the second stage of the operation can be repeated.

Cases of pushing the intraosseous part of the implant into the cavity of the maxillary sinus, as a rule, are the result of subantral implantation and a slowdown or disruption of the course of reparative bone regeneration. In this situation, surgery is required to remove the implant from the sinus cavity.

If bone tissue has formed over the intraosseous implant, this phenomenon is not considered a complication. You just need to make an incision in the periosteum and mucous membrane, remove the bone formation using a saw, and during the installation of the former and the gingival cuff of the implant, make sure that nothing else prevents their correct screwing.

Complications during prosthetics

• An increase in the temperature of the implant at the time of preparation of its head.
• Incorrect placement of the implant head.
• Incorrect installation of dentures.

To prevent the implant from heating up during the preparation of the heads, it is necessary to constantly irrigate the preparation area and the bur itself.

If the head of the implant is not connected tightly enough to the intraosseous element, this inevitably leads to overload of the remaining supports of the prosthesis and becomes a site of accumulation of tissue fluid and microbial plaque, which is fraught with the occurrence of peri-implantitis.

Errors in the installation of conditionally removable dentures are, in fact, uneven tightening of the screws that secure the denture, and, as a result, overloading of some implants and loose fit of the denture to the heads of other implants, on which microbial plaque accumulates. This is dangerous due to the occurrence of peri-imlantitis.

Errors in installing a combined prosthesis may include untimely tightening of the screws when the cement has already hardened. The screws must be screwed in before the cement sets, because the hardened cement may crack.

Complications during the functioning of implants

• Hyperplasia and mucositis of the mucous membrane of the gingival cuff of implants.
• Inflammation of the bone tissue around the implant (peri-implantitis).
• Sinusitis of the maxillary sinuses.
• Mechanical damage to prostheses and implant components.

Inflammatory processes in the tissues of the gingival cuff with their subsequent hyperplasia are usually observed in cases of inadequate oral hygiene, as well as incorrect installation of implant components. Mucositis is diagnosed based on bleeding, cyanosis, and thinning of the mucous membrane around the implant. Necessary treatment: plaque removal, proper oral care, removable denture correction, vestibuloplasty. If hyperplasia occurs, in addition to the above symptoms, more pronounced hyperemia, edema and the formation of granulation tissue may be observed. Necessary treatment (in addition to the above): curettage of the gingival cuff and correction of the tissues that form it using surgical methods.

Reimplantitis can be caused by a number of reasons, including weakening of the protective function of the gingival cuff around the implant due to improper oral hygiene, the presence of cement residues in the gingival cuff, and permanent trauma to the gingival cuff. Any of these factors can cause an inflammatory process that spreads deeper along the bone/implant interface, which prevents osseointegration. Treatment consists of eliminating the causes of the development of the inflammatory process, as well as detecting a bone defect at the implant site and eliminating it.

Sinusitis can be caused by reimplantitis in the area of ​​the implant, which is installed in close proximity to the maxillary sinus. If rhinogenic sinusitis appears in this place, the implant and the tissues surrounding it can become a secondary focus of the inflammatory process in the maxillary sinus. If there are signs of implant mobility or peri-implantitis, the implant must be removed and anti-inflammatory treatment performed. Repeating the plastic surgery is possible no earlier than six months later. If the implant is immobile and there are no signs of peri-implantitis, but there are signs of rhinogenic sinusitis, then treatment should be aimed at eliminating the cause of sinusitis, in addition, anti-inflammatory drug therapy is necessary.

Mechanical stress and cyclic loads, which inevitably arise in the components of the implant and prosthesis during chewing, can cause plastic deformation and cause fracture of the prosthesis, the implant itself or its components. If the orthopedic components of the implant are fractured, they are replaced, and if the implant itself is broken, the remaining part must be removed from the bone. Fractures of dentures are a consequence of fatigue deformations of the metal base. In cases of fractures of dentures, new dentures are made, and if the integrity of the plastic part of metal-acrylic dentures with a gum mask is damaged, the denture is repaired or a new plastic part is made.

Modern technologies have come a long way, and now everyone can count on restoring their dentition using implants identical to real teeth, which last for years without causing discomfort. Unfortunately, despite the refinement of the technology and the comparative simplicity of the procedure, implants may, at a minimum, not take root, and at maximum, cause serious consequences and complications for the body. In this article we will look at what complications may arise after dental implantation in the lower and upper jaw, why this happens and how to prevent it.

Like many other dental procedures, implantation is a mini-operation, which is stressful for the body and can lead to a very different response. For example, if you have heart defects or hypertension, you can expect a slight arrhythmia, pressure surges, and general depression. That is, in fact, any hidden illness, pathology or chronic disease with suppressed immunity can manifest itself with renewed vigor - you should be prepared for this.

Also, the cause of side effects may be a banal allergic reaction to drugs used during anesthesia and therapy, as well as to components contained in implanted crowns (organics, metal, etc.).

An allergic reaction to drugs and the composition of implanted crowns is one of the complications after dental implantation

In some clinics, X-ray control and computed tomography are not performed before implantation of artificial teeth. This does not make the dentist's work or quality of work worse. It’s just that a nerve may be damaged during surgery, and this will become known only in the form of consequences. In this case, a person may feel sharp pains and spasms, complete loss of sensitivity in some soft tissues, slight swelling of the area, etc.

Sometimes an infection penetrates into the area where the material is implanted due to the fault of the dentist himself or in the case of unscrupulous care of the crowns. Then an inflammatory process develops in the area, accompanied by redness, swelling, pain and bleeding. As a rule, the consequences can be eliminated with drug therapy, but sometimes removal of the implant is required.

It also happens that the material is implanted into a bone with insufficient thickness, which leads to the loosening of the implant and its acquisition of some mobility. This result can also be achieved by mounting the material at an incorrectly selected angle, which will cause unwanted compression in the bone. All this causes severe discomfort in the patient and requires removal of the structure.

There have been cases where inexperienced or illiterate dentists installed implants in the upper jaw without increasing the required amount of bone tissue. The consequence of such negligence could be the protrusion of the structural rods into the maxillary sinus. An infection eventually appeared at their ends, causing sinusitis.

Installation of plate (basal) structures often causes complications in the jaw bone, which requires complete dismantling of the material.

Typical side effects after implantation

All complications after dental implantation (photo below) are accompanied by typical symptoms, which we will consider :

If the pain syndrome exceeds 3 days, an inflammatory process in the soft tissues may have begun.

Complications after implantation in different periods

First, let's look at the side effects that are possible during the period of engraftment of the material.

Serious complications after dental implantation occur during the period of fusion of the material with the jaw bone.

1. Inflammation near the titanium “replacement” tooth root, called “peri-implantitis”.

It occurs extremely rarely due to infection in the soft tissue, which occurs in the case of:

• injuries to the wall of the nasal sinus;
• violation of wound closure technology after implantation;
• the presence of inflammatory processes in nearby teeth;
• incorrectly selected crown;
• failure to maintain proper oral hygiene by the patient.

Symptoms of reimplantitis are as follows: bleeding of soft tissues, pain, swelling and redness of the area, numbness.

In the case of this disease, surgical treatment is necessary, otherwise the disease takes on a chronic form, during which the jaw bone is gradually corroded and the implant becomes mobile.

Rejection of the rod is manifested in mobility of the structure, discomfort and pain in the area.

Now let’s look at what complications dental implants cause after installing an abutment:

1. The rod came out with the plug. It happens due to a violation of technology, side effects during the implantation period (rejection, reimplantitis).
2. The structure passed into the sinus of the upper jaw. The reason is also a violation of technology, as well as problems with tissue restoration.
3. Bone tissue appeared above the implant.

Rules for caring for implants to avoid complications

Many consequences of dental implantation occur due to the patient’s fault (direct or indirect).

Therefore, you should familiarize yourself with the rules for proper care of the area:

Well, the most important piece of advice is that if you have implants, be sure to visit the dentist once every 6 months. Not all inflammatory processes and pathologies can be detected by visual examination, and symptoms may appear later.

Also periodically perform a control occlusiogram and x-ray examination, which should confirm the stability of the structure.

Thanks to modern technologies, every person can restore their dentition using full-fledged copies, which are attached to a unique artificial rod - an implant.

In recent years, the technology for implanting titanium roots has been refined to the smallest detail, however, complications occur after the procedure.

As a rule, they appear in the first days after the operation, but can occur several years later.

Even the simplest surgical intervention requires careful preparation and a professional approach. The patient should become familiar with all possible causes of complications.

What causes them to arise? How can you protect yourself from their appearance? Let's take a closer look.

Complications arise for the following reasons:

1. The doctor who performed the operation is not properly qualified in the field of implantation. While performing the procedure, the doctor, due to inexperience, may touch a blood vessel or unprofessionally remove the crown, perform an incision in soft tissue incorrectly, poorly install the titanium root and cause an infection.
2. Individual intolerance to implant components and physiological features. The nature of the depressions in the jaw bone can impair the transformation of liquid blood into an elastic clot and reduce the regeneration of soft tissues. All these nuances must be discussed with your doctor before surgery.
3. Poor preparation. Lack of proper preparation for implantation and non-compliance with specialist recommendations in the future, ignoring the first manifestations of complications. All this causes a lot of problems and can lead to rejection of the artificial root.
4. Low quality material and outdated equipment. Such problems are rare, but do occur in implantation practice.

During surgery

Most patients mistakenly believe that if local anesthesia was performed before surgery, pain is excluded. However, this is not the case.

Even the most gentle implantation operation involves the possibility of bleeding, pain, swelling and other unpleasant manifestations.

Perforation of the bottom of the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity

As a rule, perforation of the bottom of the maxillary sinus occurs due to the fault of the doctor, but sometimes it is a consequence of the anatomical structure. A septum breaks through between the oral and nasal cavities, which is the result of illiterate work by a specialist.

In such a situation, the doctor restores the wound area, and implantation is postponed until new bone tissue grows.

To prevent this from happening, before the operation the specialist prescribes a layer-by-layer study (modern computed tomography), where you can see the volume of the bone structure of the jaw and decide on the length of the titanium root.

Damage to the wall of the mandibular canal and nerves of the lower jaw

The same problem, only on a movable jaw. Numbness in some areas of the gum tissue and cheeks can lead to breakout. This can also happen due to strong pressure from the artificial root on the pulp or when blood clots appear in the sinus.

If the pulp is severely damaged, the action of the anesthetic will not be able to reduce severe pain. As for the ingress of blood, this fact does not pose any potential danger.

After the clots dissolve, all symptoms disappear, however, this will take from 14 to 30 days.

Bleeding

Excessive blood loss during surgery is rare. Usually the patient is frightened by the appearance of an unexpectedly large amount of blood, however, this complication is considered normal.

Even if a large blood vessel has been damaged, there is no need to worry. High-quality and effective methods of modern medicine can quickly stop blood loss, even in places that are difficult to easily access.

Beyond this, it is important to note the usefulness of bleeding. The blood released from the wound comes out along with dangerous bacteria, which helps prevent inflammatory processes during the healing stages.

Discharge can be observed for 5 days, which is considered normal. If traces of blood appear for a longer period, you should immediately contact a specialist.

Pain

Screwing the root into the bone tissue causes injury, so a reaction in the form of pain is a normal complication. Pain usually occurs when the anesthetic has worn off.

The pain lasts about 7 days, subsiding every day. By the end of the week, the sensations pass and occur exclusively when pressing on the area where the root is implanted.

If the pain does not subside, but, on the contrary, intensifies every day, this condition cannot be called normal. To avoid more serious complications, you need to seek the help of a doctor.

Unscrewing the implant

During installation of the abutment, the implant may become unscrewed. This is explained by the fact that the process of removing the plug can cause injury to the bone tissue if its structure is damaged.

Root twisting also occurs due to weakened bone tissue, severe inflammation, and slow loss of supporting bone.

In some cases, the implant can be re-implanted in its original place after complex and restorative treatment.

Damage to the external branch and facial artery

This complication is quite rare. However, if the operation is performed in a difficult-to-reach location, damage to the external branch of the facial artery may occur.

Under such circumstances, the surgeon provides emergency care to the patient.

After procedures

Manifestations of postoperative complications can occur both in the first days and after several months. In rare cases, symptoms may bother the patient several years after implantation.

To correctly recognize the manifestations, you need to carefully monitor your well-being.

If the healing stages take place without pathological processes, your health will improve every day. In case of complications, the patient feels a deterioration in health already on the 3rd day of the adaptation period.

Most patients mistake pain, swelling of soft tissues, partial numbness and swelling due to rupture of blood vessels for postoperative complications.

However, it is important to note that all of these reactions are considered normal and will last about one week.

Pain

A common and natural signal from the body after surgery. Trauma to soft and hard tissues causes the main organ of the central nervous system to signal damage by transmitting impulses to nerve endings.

2-3 hours after implantation, the anesthetic stops its effect and the patient begins to feel pain.

To eliminate it, the doctor prescribes painkillers. If, after 3 days, the pain does not subside and appears despite the action of analgesics, you should consult a doctor.

Edema

It is also considered a normal manifestation of the body. To speed up the healing stages, the vessels and channels expand, causing swelling of the tissue.

To avoid such a complication, cold is applied to the cheek area for a short time, immediately after implantation.

If you overcool the wound area, an irreversible process of necrosis of the affected tissue may occur (necrosis), while swelling will remain. The swelling should not persist for more than 7 days.

Bleeding

Typically, bleeding may continue for 3-5 hours after implantation. This manifestation is considered absolutely natural. In some cases, the specialist has to make an incision in the gum, which entails damage to the blood vessels.

Depending on how the patient's blood clots, the complication can last up to 5-6 days.

If bleeding from the wound area continues for a longer period, you cannot do without the help of a specialist.

Increased body temperature

A foreign body in the tissues of the body causes a completely normal symptom - an increase in temperature. Low-grade fever up to 38 C⁰ should not bother the patient.

In this way, the body fights pathogenic bacteria, thereby speeding up the recovery process.

Seam divergence

This phenomenon occurs rarely, however, it can be explained. The consequence of the complication is the following violations of recommendations:

• heavy loads on the wound area during chewing;
• touching the sewn area with the tongue;
• poor oral hygiene.

If you do not immediately contact a specialist, the complication can lead to serious pathologies, including rejection of the titanium root.

Numbness

Complete or partial loss of sensation is called numbness. The symptom may occur if an artificial root is implanted at the location of the nerves. The complication can also be associated with blood clots getting into the maxillary sinus.

This manifestation is called local with a short duration.

In case of serious damage to the bundle of nerve fibers, numbness can last for a long period, and therefore the facial muscles temporarily lose their mobility.

If such pathologies occur, the specialist prescribes special therapy.

Inflammation

This reaction is considered a serious complication. Here it is important to correctly recognize the inflammatory process, without confusing it with tissue swelling (hematoma).

The patient feels pain in the wound area and a special taste appears. The color of the soft tissues near the operated area changes, and a sharp, specific odor emanates from the mouth.

Feeling of heaviness in the maxillary sinus

If the artificial root falls into the air cavity, the patient feels heaviness in this area. As a rule, this happens when the length of the implant is incorrectly selected and when the volume of the jawbone is small.

If a symptom occurs, the patient must immediately visit a specialist and perform an x-ray examination.

If the fears are confirmed, the titanium root must be confiscated. Next, the specialist performs osteoplasty, and after 60 days, re-implantation of the titanium root.

The video explains complications after implantation in more detail.

Late adverse effects

Serious late complications arise at the stage of fusion of a foreign body with the jaw bone.

Peri-implantitis

The complication is uncomfortable and serious. In dental practice, the manifestation was observed both in the first days after implantation and after several years.

During the course of the pathology, inflammatory processes occur in the soft and bone systems. Tissue decay is accompanied by loss of bone and the release of cloudy exudate.

Most often, destruction of the tissues surrounding the implant occurs due to poor oral hygiene. The complication leads to loosening of the artificial root with its subsequent loss.

Implant failure

Such a complication may be caused by spontaneous unscrewing of the implant or the root coming out of the bone tissue. Reasons for rejection include:

• Weakening of bone tissue. Under such circumstances, the dentist strengthens it.
• Infection introduced into the wound area. This often occurs as a result of chronic diseases, bad habits (drinking alcohol, smoking), mechanical damage, or surgical intervention.

You can repeat the operation after 30-60 days after therapeutic treatment.

In the video, see whether implant rejection is possible if the procedure is carried out properly.

Postoperative negative developments most often occur due to non-compliance with doctor’s recommendations.

After implantation of the titanium root, the doctor gives the patient a list of recommended medications and gives advice on care and diet. However, not all patients strictly follow the recommendations.

All advice on care after implantation is based on the rule: “Don’t harm yourself.” In order for the stages of addiction to pass without complications, you need to give up smoking and eating solid foods for at least 40-60 days.

Products with a high content of acid, salt and sugar can lead to swelling of soft tissues and severe irritation, so they are not recommended for consumption during the recovery period.

Preparing for surgery

For competent and high-quality implantation of a titanium root, first of all, you should choose an experienced doctor and a specialized dental institution. Here it is important to listen to patient feedback and their personal experiences.

If the dentist is truly qualified, he must complete the following steps before performing implantation:

• general consultation;
• examination of the oral cavity and identification of problems;
• study of the individual characteristics of the organism;
• cleaning the mouth and teeth;
• appointment of an x-ray examination;
• study of the skeletal system of the jaw on an image;
• identification of contraindications to implantation;
• detection of caries and other hidden diseases.
• treatment;
• drawing up an implantation plan.

Post-operative care

During the recovery period, it is most important to strictly follow all the specialist’s recommendations. These include:

• taking painkillers;
• taking calcium-based products;
• eating foods rich in vitamin D (fatty fish, liver, cheese, cottage cheese, potatoes, parsley);
• daily supplementation of the diet with complex multivitamin supplements;
• use of antiseptic mouth rinses.

To avoid swelling of soft tissues, swimming in very hot water, visiting a sauna, and excessive physical activity are prohibited. In the first hours after surgery, a cold compress is applied to the cheek area.

Dental implantation - rules of conduct after surgery. Complications and consequences. Where is implantation done?

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The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!

How to behave in the postoperative period ( what you can and cannot do after dental implantation)?

How to care for your teeth and oral cavity after implantation?

• For several days, refrain from any stress on the operated area. You should not brush your teeth, chew food on the affected side of your jaw, or do other activities that could damage the injured area of ​​the gum. This will facilitate more complete fusion of the implant with the bone tissue, as well as faster healing of the postoperative wound.
• Sleep with your head elevated. To do this, you can place several pillows under your head at once. In this case, there will be an outflow of blood from the tissues of the head, which will prevent the development of bleeding and will help reduce swelling.
• Avoid rough and spicy foods. Such products can get on the affected area of ​​​​the gums and injure it, which will be accompanied by increased inflammation and pain. During the first day after surgery, you need to eat only liquid, warm ( not hot and not cold) food - broths, yoghurts, cereals and so on.

As for immediate or express implantation, as well as the installation of a crown or prosthesis on an already implanted implant, there are no serious restrictions. This is explained by the fact that an artificial tooth is in no way inferior in strength to a regular tooth, as a result of which it is almost impossible to damage the crown with a toothbrush, hard food particles or hot food. In this case, the patient is recommended to brush his teeth regularly ( in the morning and in the evening), and also use dental floss to more completely clean the spaces between the denture and adjacent teeth, which will reduce the risk of developing infections.

It is also worth noting that after installing the implant, you should visit the dentist for preventive purposes at least 2 times a year. During the examination, the doctor will monitor the condition of the dentures, as well as examine the patient’s other teeth, which will allow timely identification and elimination of possible diseases and areas of caries, thereby preventing their progression and the development of complications.

How to rinse your mouth with chlorhexidine after dental implantation?

Chlorhexidine is a disinfectant that has the ability to destroy pathogenic bacteria. Since brushing your teeth with a toothbrush is not recommended in the early postoperative period, rinsing the mouth with chlorhexidine can replace this procedure, providing reliable protection of the oral cavity from the development of infection. In the future, chlorhexidine will also prevent the development of infectious complications, especially against the background of diseases such as diabetes mellitus or AIDS ( acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).

What vitamins should you take after dental implantation?

After dental implantation you can take:

• Vitamin C. Increases the strength of blood vessels, thereby reducing the likelihood of bleeding. This vitamin is also necessary for the normal development of connective tissue in the area of ​​damaged gums and oral mucosa.
• Vitamin D. It is necessary for the normal absorption of calcium by the body, which is used in the process of restoration and growth of bone tissue.
• B vitamins ( B1, B6, B9, B12). Ensure normal tissue restoration after damage, thereby accelerating the wound healing process.
• Vitamin E. It has an antioxidant effect, that is, it prevents excessive tissue damage at the site of inflammation, which also accelerates the healing process of the postoperative wound.

Why are antibiotics prescribed after dental implantation?

The choice of antibiotic, as well as the duration and frequency of its use, depend on the nature of the operation, as well as on the general condition of the patient. If the patient is relatively healthy and the operation was minimally traumatic, antibiotics will need to be taken for 3 to 4 days. If during the operation there was extensive damage to the tissues of the oral cavity, and also if the patient has a predisposition to the development of infectious complications ( for example, with AIDS - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, with diabetes, and so on), the duration of antibiotic use can be 5–7 days.

What painkillers can I take after dental implantation?

To reduce pain in the postoperative period, it is recommended to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs). The mechanism of their action is that they inhibit the inflammatory process in the lesion, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the nerve endings located there and reducing the severity of pain. Moreover, these drugs help reduce tissue swelling, which develops against the background of inflammatory reactions, which also leads to a decrease in the severity of pain.

For pain relief in the postoperative period you can take:

• Ibuprofen– orally 200–800 mg every 6–8 hours ( depending on the severity of the pain syndrome and the effectiveness of the treatment).
• Paracetamol– 500 mg orally every 6 hours.
• Ketorolac– 10 mg orally 4 times a day.
• Nimesil (in powder form) – 100 mg orally 3 – 4 times a day.

When can you eat after dental implantation?

If the patient undergoes basal implantation, express implantation or crown installation at the second stage of classical implantation, he can eat food within an hour after the end of the procedure. At the same time, it is not recommended to eat until the effect of local anesthesia has completely worn off ( anesthesia used during surgery). The fact is that as a result of anesthesia, a person does not feel the gums, tongue and cheeks in the area of ​​surgical intervention. At the same time, while chewing food, he may bite his cheek or tongue, which will be accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the future.

It is also important to note that if general anesthesia was used during the operation, as well as if the patient was put into medicinal sleep, he should not eat for at least 3 to 4 hours after the end of the procedure. The fact is that due to the effect of the drugs introduced into the body, the patient may begin to vomit. If at the same time he is half asleep, food particles from the vomit may enter the respiratory tract, which can cause the development of pneumonia ( pneumonia) or even lead to the patient's death from suffocation.

Is it possible to drink alcohol after dental implantation?

Moreover, ethanol may react with painkillers used during surgery ( which are completely eliminated from the body only after a few days). This can lead to the development of allergic reactions, as well as depression of the central nervous system, as a result of which the patient may require urgent medical attention or even hospitalization.

Is it possible to smoke after dental implantation?

Smoking immediately after dental implantation may be accompanied by:

• Burns to the oral mucosa caused by inhaled hot smoke. This impairs blood microcirculation in the mucosal tissue, which slows down the healing process of the postoperative wound.
• The entry of nicotine into the bloodstream. This is accompanied by a narrowing of the blood vessels of the mucous membranes ( including the oral mucosa), which also disrupts the process of restoration of damaged tissue and implantation.
• Violation of the process of saliva formation. Due to a lack of saliva, its antibacterial activity is impaired, resulting in an increased risk of developing infectious complications.

Is it possible to play sports after dental implantation?

Is sick leave provided after dental implantation?

If dental implantation does not involve damage to a large amount of tissue or the development of serious complications, there is no need to go on sick leave. Moderate pain and tissue swelling observed after dental implantation do not pose a threat to the patient’s health, and also respond well to treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as a result of which they are not a reason for issuing a sick leave.

Is it possible to fly by plane after dental implants?

How long does a dental implant last?

Possible complications, consequences and side effects of dental implantation

Dental implantation can be complicated by:

• swelling of tissues in the area of ​​surgery;
• pain;
• bleeding;
• increased body temperature;
• development of infection;
• implant rejection reaction;
• divergence of seams.

How long does it take for numbness in the gums and cheeks to go away after dental implantation?

At the same time, it is worth noting that in case of dental implantation under general anesthesia, numbness of the cheek should not be observed. The patient should feel all parts of the oral cavity immediately after regaining consciousness.

How many days does swelling of the jaw and face last after dental implantation?

As the inflammatory response develops, inflammatory mediators can spread through the bloodstream to a certain distance from the primary focus ( that is, from the implant), as a result of which the described phenomena will be observed in other tissues - in the cheek area, and sometimes in the neck. To reduce the severity of this process, you can use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( nimesil, ketoprofen and so on). They block the formation of inflammatory mediators, thereby preventing the progression of edema, as well as reducing the severity of pain.

Why does a tooth hurt after implantation?

Causes of pain in the implant area can be:

• Inflammatory reaction in response to surgery. As stated earlier, this is a normal phenomenon that can occur during the first 2 to 4 days of the postoperative period. The pain is sharp, bursting, and intensifies when touching the inflamed tissue.
• Infection of a postoperative wound. If pathogenic microorganisms enter the wound during implant installation, the patient’s immune system will begin to react to them, which will support the development of the inflammatory process. The nature of the pain will be the same, but its duration may exceed 5 – 7 or more days. It is important to remember that if the pain does not subside 5 days after the end of the operation, you should not continue to “numb out” the pain with painkillers, but you should consult your doctor as soon as possible.
• Damage to nerve structures. This phenomenon is observed extremely rarely. However, if during surgery the doctor accidentally damages the nerves running in the jawbone, this can lead to aching, poorly localized pain that will not be eliminated even after using maximum doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Bleeding

The reasons for more massive bleeding during tooth implantation may be:

• Damage to a blood vessel. Deep in the jawbone are arteries and veins that supply the teeth. If during installation of the implant the integrity of one of these vessels is compromised, this can lead to massive blood loss.
• Dehiscence of postoperative sutures. The reason for this may be injury to the wound surface with hard food, as well as poor-quality suturing during surgery. When the sutures diverge, the bleeding is usually less profuse than when a large blood vessel is damaged, however, consultation with a doctor in this case is also necessary ( the wound may need to be re-sutured).
• Disorders of the blood coagulation system. If during preparation for the operation the patient’s coagulation system diseases were not identified, heavy bleeding may begin during or immediately after the operation, which will be extremely difficult to stop.

Temperature

At the same time, it is important to remember that long-term ( within 3 – 4 days or more) an increase in temperature to 37 - 37.5 degrees, as well as a sharp increase to 38 - 39 degrees or more most often indicates the presence of an infectious complication ( infections in the postoperative wound). In this case, you should immediately consult a doctor, who may prescribe additional antibacterial drugs or perform surgical cleaning of the source of infection ( if pus has already formed in it).

It is worth noting that a pronounced increase in temperature can also be observed in case of allergic reactions, for example, in case of incompatibility of the graft with the patient’s tissues or in case of allergies to anesthesia components ( anesthesia). In this case, the temperature will begin to rise immediately after the administration of medications or during the first day after installation of the implant.

Cyst and fistula on the gum

Externally, the cyst is a round white formation that can protrude above the surface of the gum. The consistency of the cyst can be soft or hard, and is extremely painful when touched. If a cyst is identified, you should never try to open it yourself, since it may contain active infectious agents inside. When a cyst is opened, they can get into neighboring tissues or into the systemic bloodstream, thereby provoking the development of serious complications. The cyst should only be treated by a qualified dentist, who will open it in a sterile operating room ( or treatment room) and will be able to properly treat the wound to prevent the spread of infection.

Sometimes the cyst can open on its own, as a result of which the pus accumulated in it can leak into the oral cavity. If infectious agents remain in the cyst cavity, this can lead to a slow, chronic development of the inflammatory process. Pus will gradually form in the cyst, which will flow through the hole formed as a result of the rupture, called a fistula. Without treatment, the fistula can exist for a long time, and the patient will not experience significant pain.

To treat a fistula, it is necessary to open and clean the infected cavity, and then perform plastic surgery of the gum mucosa to eliminate the existing hole.

Implant rejection reaction

The reasons for implant failure may be:

• Presence of diseases of the jaw bone. If a patient had a tumor in the jaw area for which he underwent radiotherapy, the bone tissue at the site of exposure to radiation is affected, as a result of which the process of its regeneration slows down ( recovery), as well as the process of implant ingrowth into the bone.
• Incorrect implant installation. If during the operation the doctor inserts or positions the implant incorrectly, it will also not take root. So, for example, if an artificial tooth protrudes above the surface of the dentition, the maximum load will be placed on it while chewing food. Over time, this will lead to deformation of the jaw bone tissue, the development of inflammation and implant rejection.
• Development of infectious complications. If, after installation of the implant, a purulent-inflammatory process develops in the surrounding tissues, this can lead to damage to the jaw bone, as a result of which the ingrowth of the metal frame into the bone tissue will become impossible. It is worth noting that inflammation of the tissues surrounding the implant can also be caused by non-compliance with personal hygiene rules.
• Poor quality of the material from which the implant is made. Today, all good implants are made from high-quality materials that practically do not interact with body tissues and do not cause adverse reactions. At the same time, implants made of cheap metals can provoke the development of inflammation in the surrounding tissues, as a result of which the process of implantation will be extremely slow.

What to do if the stitches come apart after dental implantation?

The reason for seam divergence may be:

• Poor suturing of the wound. The reason for this may be the dentist’s unscrupulous performance of his work, but in modern clinics this is extremely rare.
• Trauma to the postoperative wound. The wound can be damaged by rough or hard food, which the patient can eat during the first 24 hours after surgery. You can also damage the sutures with a toothbrush if you brush your teeth in the area where the implant is installed immediately after the procedure.
• Development of a purulent-inflammatory process. If during the operation the wound was infected with pyogenic microorganisms, the purulent process can “melt” the edges of the gums, as a result of which the threads simply “cut through” the flabby tissue, and the edges of the wound separate.

Where ( in which clinics or dental clinics) is it possible to get dental implantation in the Russian Federation?

To make an appointment with a doctor

To make an appointment with a doctor or diagnostics, you just need to call a single phone number
+7 495 488-20-52 in Moscow

+7 812 416-38-96 in St. Petersburg

The operator will listen to you and redirect the call to the desired clinic, or accept an order for an appointment with the specialist you need.

In Moscow

In St. Petersburg