Vaccination calendar National vaccination calendar. What vaccinations does your baby need?

In this article you will learn what vaccinations and at what age your child should receive them.

Ministry health annually reviews and approves the vaccination calendar. Changes are made depending on epidemiological situation in the country. A fourth vaccination against hepatitis B was added to the calendar in 2016.

Table: Vaccination calendar for children under 14 years of age

Russian vaccination calendar for children under one year old

As we can see from the table, children under one year of age should be vaccinated against the following diseases:

• viral hepatitis B
• tuberculosis
• diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus
• polio
• measles, rubella, mumps
• hemophilus influenzae infection
• pneumococcal infection

Russian vaccination calendar for children under 3 years of age

Children from one to three years of age must undergo revaccination against the following diseases:

• diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus
• polio
• hemophilus influenzae infection
• pneumococcal infection

Table: Vaccination calendar Kazakhstan year

The following vaccination schedule for children has been approved in Kazakhstan.

Table: Vaccination calendar Ukraine

Is there a new vaccine on the vaccination schedule?

Yes, the Ministry of Health revised the vaccination schedule and decided to pay more attention to vaccinating children against hepatitis B. Thus, in 2016, the fourth vaccination against hepatitis B was introduced for children aged 12 months. This vaccination is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children at risk.

Today we will present a table of vaccinations up to a year. What should every parent know about childhood vaccinations? When and what vaccinations will you have to get? How to prepare a child? All this will be discussed further below. In fact, everything is not as difficult as it seems. Every parent should know the vaccination schedule for their children.

The legislative framework

It is important to remember that there is no compulsory vaccination in Russia yet. Despite the importance of the procedure, each parent decides for himself whether to vaccinate the child or not. There are several pieces of legislation behind vaccinations and the operation of the national calendar. More precisely, laws.

More precisely, every parent will have to familiarize themselves with:

• Federal Law "On Immunoprophylaxis of Infectious Diseases";
• "Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on health protection";
• Law "On Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare".

These documents spell out all the specifics of vaccination, as well as indications/contraindications for procedures, the vaccination calendar and the rights of the population. Every parent will have to know about all this.

What are children vaccinated for under one year of age?

Next, a table of vaccinations up to a year will be presented, which is relevant in Russia today. From year to year they try to refine, supplement, and adjust it. Therefore, all changes must be observed with special care.

So, all children under 12 months in Russia are vaccinated against the following diseases:

• tuberculosis;
• hepatitis B;
• whooping cough;
• tetanus;
• diphtheria;
• polio;
• mumps;
• measles;
• rubella;
• hemophilus infection.

In addition, you can additionally be vaccinated against meningococcus, chickenpox and other “childhood” diseases. Today, doctors are trying to vaccinate as many children as possible. However, this topic requires an individual approach. Each child has its own characteristics of the body. They will have to be taken into account when vaccinating.

In the maternity hospital

But we will consider a more familiar case. The vaccination schedule for children under one year old begins from the very birth of the baby. You will have to face the first vaccination in the maternity hospital.

The thing is that all newborns are vaccinated against hepatitis B on the first day of life. The Engerix B vaccine is most often used. The injection is given in the thigh. Vaccination does not have any special consequences. Usually parents immediately get this vaccination.

In a few days (on days 3-7) you will be vaccinated against tuberculosis. It's called BCG. The BCG-M vaccine is used for newborns. It should not be confused with the Mantoux reaction. BCG is ideally done only once in a lifetime. After it, a person should have immunity to tuberculosis. An injection is given in the forearm. After some time (within 1.5-2 years), an ulcer will appear at the site of vaccine administration, and then it will heal, leaving a small mark. This is a normal phenomenon that doctors should warn about.

Beginning of life

What vaccinations are given to children under one year of age? The table, which will be presented later, does not take into account the “risk group” and children with health conditions. It refers only to healthy children who are administered vaccines according to the current schedule in Russia.

After leaving the maternity hospital, the next visit to the doctor to get vaccinated is expected in a month. At this point, the second vaccination against hepatitis B is carried out. No more injections are given to a healthy child.

Children from the “risk group” will have to receive the third vaccination against hepatitis B at 2 months. In real life, doctors tell parents about it. Therefore, we can say that at 2 months they generally do not vaccinate against hepatitis.

Enriched vaccination

The vaccination table for children under one year old necessarily includes all the previously listed diseases. More precisely, vaccines against certain diseases.

At the 3rd month of life, the child will face new vaccinations. Most often they are placed “en masse” - all together at once. During this period, the child receives the following vaccinations:

• for whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus (first) - "DTP", "Pentaxim", "Infanrix";
• for hemophilus influenzae infection - "ACT-HIB", "Hiberix";
• for polio (most often in the form of an injection) - OPV, IPV.

As already mentioned, today these injections are either given simultaneously using different vaccines, or one Pentaxim injection is given, which includes vaccines against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus.

Particular attention is paid to DPT. This vaccination is considered “heavy” and you need to prepare for it. Due to the pertussis component, the child may develop allergies or develop a fever. A little later we will talk about how to properly prepare a child for vaccination.

Second wave

The vaccination table for up to a year, valid in Russia today, does not include many vaccines. Often the process of developing immunity comes down to repeated injections and revaccinations at a certain age. Most often, you have to vaccinate your child three times.

At 4.5 months, the “second wave” of the bulk of injections begins. We can say that at this age the child should repeat the vaccination given at 3 months. Accordingly, they will vaccinate against:

• whooping cough;
• tetanus;
• diphtheria;
• polio;
• hemophilus influenzae infection.

It is advisable to choose the vaccination option that was previously given to the child. That is, when using Pentaxim, it is not recommended to vaccinate with separate injections against the listed diseases.

Half year

But the vaccination table for up to a year does not end there. You can forget about vaccination for 1.5 months, up to six months of the child. After this, you must return to the vaccination office. At 6 months the baby is given the following vaccinations:

• from whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus (third);
• from hemophilus influenzae infection;
• from polio;
• from hepatitis B (third).

No more injections or vaccines will be needed for a long time. The thing is that the main vaccination is carried out in the first six months of the baby’s life. Further, the table of vaccinations for up to a year old child in Russia will continue with procedures performed at 12 months of the baby.

The end of the year

By the way, it is during this period that the child will have to be least exposed to injections. Almost all vaccinations up to one year have been studied month by month. The vaccination table will be presented a little later. First, you need to understand which vaccines are generally administered to children in the first 12 months of life.

Each child is required to receive only one vaccination per year - MMR. For measles, rubella and mumps. Additionally, the 4th vaccination against hepatitis B is carried out for children from the “risk group”. You don't need to do anything else. This officially ends the vaccination calendar for children in their first year of life.

Additionally, if desired, each parent can vaccinate their baby against chickenpox at 12 months. In addition, flu vaccination is offered. It is performed from the age of 6 months twice, with an interval of 1 month.

After a year

However, the national vaccination schedule applies to a person’s entire life. Children and adults are vaccinated according to certain principles. You will have to remember them. After all, no vaccine provides 100% lifelong immunity. It is necessary to carry out revaccination and give repeated injections against certain diseases.

What vaccinations are given up to 3 years of age? The vaccination table proposed below is only suitable for informing parents about upcoming vaccinations for children in the first year of life. But if you supplement it a little, then you can forget about vaccination until the child is 6 years old.

The vaccination table for children under 3 years of age is supplemented by procedures carried out at 1.5 years (18 months). The child receives the following vaccinations:

• from tetanus, whooping cough and diphtheria;
• from hemophilus influenzae infection;
• against polio (live vaccine, usually in drops).

At this stage, you can complete the process of actively vaccinating your child. Ideally, once a year (from 12 months) it is necessary to do the Mantoux test, and, if desired, a flu shot. Next, the national vaccination calendar will continue until the child is 6 years old. The future schoolchild should be vaccinated in the same way as at 1.5 years old. At age 14, a vaccine against polio, tetanus and diphtheria must be administered. And at 18 - only from the last two diseases. This concludes the childhood vaccination calendar.

Table to help parents:

Please note that the table does not include BCG. But this vaccination cannot be ruled out. In addition, nothing was previously said about vaccination against pneumococcal infection. Today they are trying to make this injection mandatory. But so far it is not included in the national vaccination calendar. Therefore, it cannot be said with certainty that this procedure is always performed.

How to prepare a child

The vaccination schedule for up to a year is now clear. The table given earlier is the current procedure for vaccinating children. It is important to remember that any vaccination is a burden on the body. And you need to properly prepare for it. Especially with an injection for diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough.

It is recommended to give the child antipyretic drugs, as well as medications for allergic reactions. There are no further significant guidelines for healthy children. Vaccine manufacturers indicate that no preparation is required for any vaccination.

It should be remembered that:

• the baby must be healthy at the time of vaccination;
• any ailment is a reason for medical withdrawal;
• After the illness, at least a month must pass - only then can the baby be vaccinated.

It is noted that a normal reaction to vaccines can be considered:

• increase in temperature (up to 38.5 degrees);
• nausea;
• dizziness;
• general malaise;
• pain at the injection site.

But if you have allergies or swelling, you should immediately consult a doctor. The incident should be reported to the pediatrician. If necessary, he will adjust the current vaccination schedule and cancel one or another vaccination.

Show sources

Sources

1. Vaccination is also carried out to contact persons without age restrictions from foci of the disease who have not previously been ill, have not been vaccinated and do not have information about preventive vaccinations against measles or have been vaccinated once; adults from 36 to 55 years old, belonging to risk groups (employees of medical and educational organizations, trade, transport, public utilities and social spheres; persons working on a rotational basis and employees of state control bodies at checkpoints across the state border of the Russian Federation) who have not been sick, not previously vaccinated, vaccinated once, with no information about measles vaccinations.
2. Adults working in certain professions and positions (workers of medical and educational organizations, transport, public utilities); pregnant women, persons subject to conscription for military service; persons with chronic diseases, including lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders and obesity.
3. Infection prevention is included in the calendar for epidemic indications for risk groups.
4. Adults from risk groups, including those subject to military service.
5. Persons living in regions disadvantaged by the incidence of hepatitis A, as well as persons at occupational risk of infection (medical workers, public service workers employed in food industry enterprises, as well as those servicing water supply and sewerage facilities, equipment and networks).
   Persons traveling to disadvantaged countries (regions) where outbreaks of hepatitis A are registered.
   Contact persons in hepatitis A outbreaks.
6. In areas of meningococcal infection caused by meningococci of serogroups A or C. Vaccination is carried out in endemic regions, as well as in the event of an epidemic caused by meningococci of serogroups A or C.
   Persons subject to conscription for military service.
7. For preventive purposes, people who have a high risk of contracting rabies are vaccinated: people working with the “street” rabies virus, veterinarians, rangers, hunters, foresters, people performing work on catching and keeping animals.
8. In foci of goat-sheep type brucellosis, persons performing the following work: procurement, storage, processing of raw materials and livestock products obtained from farms where livestock diseases with brucellosis are registered; for the slaughter of livestock suffering from brucellosis, the procurement and processing of meat and meat products obtained from it; livestock breeders, veterinarians, livestock specialists in farms enzootic for brucellosis; persons working with live cultures of the causative agent of brucellosis.
9. Persons engaged in the field of municipal improvement (workers servicing sewer networks, structures and equipment, as well as organizations carrying out sanitary cleaning of populated areas, collection, transportation and disposal of household waste).
   Persons working with live cultures of typhoid pathogens. Population living in areas with chronic water epidemics of typhoid fever. Persons traveling to countries (regions) hyperendemic for typhoid fever.
   Contact persons in areas of typhoid fever for epidemic indications. According to epidemic indications, vaccinations are carried out when there is a threat of an epidemic or outbreak (natural disasters, major accidents in the water supply and sewerage networks), as well as during an epidemic, while mass vaccination of the population is carried out in the threatened region.
10. People at risk, including those subject to military service, who have not previously been vaccinated and have not had chickenpox.
11. Persons traveling outside the Russian Federation to countries (regions) enzootic for yellow fever. Persons working with live cultures of the yellow fever pathogen.
12. Persons living in areas where tick-borne viral encephalitis is endemic; persons traveling to areas endemic for tick-borne viral encephalitis, as well as persons arriving in these territories performing the following work: agricultural, irrigation, construction, excavation and movement of soil, procurement, fishing, geological, survey, expedition, deratization and disinfestation; for logging, clearing and landscaping of forests, health and recreation areas for the population. Persons working with live cultures of tick-borne encephalitis.
13. Persons performing the following work: procurement, storage, processing of raw materials and livestock products obtained from farms located in areas enzootic for leptospirosis; for the slaughter of livestock with leptospirosis, procurement and processing of meat and meat products obtained from animals with leptospirosis; on catching and keeping stray animals.
    Persons working with live cultures of the causative agent of leptospirosis.
14. Persons performing work on the procurement, storage, processing of raw materials and livestock products obtained from farms where Q fever diseases are registered.
    Persons performing work on the procurement, storage and processing of agricultural products in enzootic areas with Q fever.
    Persons working with live cultures of Q fever pathogens.
15. Contact persons in foci of polio, persons working with live poliovirus, with materials infected (potentially infected) with wild poliovirus, without age restrictions.
16. Persons performing the following work: livestock workers and other persons professionally engaged in pre-slaughter livestock maintenance, as well as slaughter, skinning and cutting of carcasses; collection, storage, transportation and primary processing of raw materials of animal origin; agricultural, drainage, construction, excavation and movement of soil, procurement, fishing, geological, survey, expedition in anthrax-enzootic territories.
    Persons working with material suspected of being infected with anthrax.
17. Persons living in territories enzootic for tularemia, as well as persons arriving in these territories performing the following work: agricultural, drainage, construction, other work on excavation and movement of soil, procurement, fishing, geological, survey, expedition, deratization and disinfestation; for logging, clearing and landscaping of forests, health and recreation areas for the population.
    Persons working with live cultures of the causative agent of tularemia.
18. Persons traveling to countries (regions) affected by cholera. Population of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the event of complications in the sanitary and epidemiological situation regarding cholera in neighboring countries, as well as on the territory of the Russian Federation.
19. Persons living in areas enzootic for plague. Persons working with live cultures of the plague pathogen.
20. Employees of medical organizations (their structural divisions) with an infectious disease profile. Persons engaged in the field of public catering and municipal improvement.
    According to epidemic indications, vaccinations are carried out when there is a threat of an epidemic or outbreak (natural disasters, major accidents in the water supply and sewerage networks), as well as during an epidemic, while mass vaccination of the population is carried out in the threatened region. Preventive vaccinations are preferably carried out before the seasonal increase in the incidence of shigellosis.
    Preventive vaccinations are preferably carried out before the seasonal increase in the incidence of shigellosis.
21. Contact persons from the foci of the disease who have not been sick, have not been vaccinated and do not have information about preventive vaccinations against mumps.

Appendix N 1. National calendar of preventive vaccinations Appendix N 2. Calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications

Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of March 21, 2014 N 125n
"On approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations and the calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications"

With changes and additions from:

calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications in accordance with Appendix No. 2.

Registration N 32115

The national calendar of preventive vaccinations has been approved. The order in which they are carried out is prescribed.

Mandatory vaccination against tuberculosis, pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae infections, diphtheria, whooping cough, polio, viral hepatitis B, and tetanus is provided. The calendar also includes vaccinations against measles, rubella, and mumps. The categories and ages of citizens who receive the listed vaccines are indicated.

Vaccinations can be performed by medical organizations that have the appropriate license.

Before vaccination, the person or his legal representative is explained the need for immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases, possible post-vaccination reactions and complications, as well as the consequences of refusing vaccination. Informed voluntary consent to medical intervention is drawn up.

All persons who should receive preventive vaccinations are first examined by a doctor (paramedic).

The requirements for health workers conducting vaccinations are given. Thus, they must undergo training on the use of immunobiological drugs and the provision of emergency or emergency medical care.

A calendar of preventive vaccinations has been established for epidemic indications. We are talking about vaccination against tularemia, plague, brucellosis, anthrax, rabies, leptospirosis, tick-borne viral encephalitis, Q fever, yellow fever, cholera, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis A, etc.

Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated March 21, 2014 N 125n “On approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations and the calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications”

Registration N 32115

Many parents ask: “How do you know when it is necessary to give your child this or that vaccination? What are the medical workers of clinics guided by when calling their child for the next vaccination?” The procedure for vaccination and the timing of various vaccinations are reflected in the national vaccination calendar for children, which is developed and approved by the Ministry of Health, taking into account all the features of the circulation of infectious diseases in the country.

What is the vaccination schedule for children?

Also, the relevant ministries and departments are developing additional vaccination calendars for those traveling to other geographical regions. Additional vaccination schedules for children include vaccines necessary for a safe stay in the region.

Vaccination calendars are developed taking into account how much time is needed for the formation of post-vaccination immunity. The compatibility of vaccines and the possibility of their simultaneous administration are also taken into account. In addition, the child’s vaccination schedule takes into account the necessary breaks between different vaccinations, and between revaccinations against the same infection.

They are also called preventive vaccination calendars, since there is also a group of therapeutic vaccines. Therapeutic vaccines are administered specifically for therapeutic purposes against the background of a developed disease, and not for the formation of immunity to infections.

Vaccination calendar for children 2012

Different regions may have their own specific characteristics of vaccination, which depend on the epidemiological situation. These features may consist, for example, in a different sequence of drug administration, or in the use of additional vaccines against infections that circulate in a particular geographic area and are absent in another.

For the convenience of parents, it is advisable to split the vaccination calendar for children up to one year and after one year.

Vaccination of children under one year of age

Categories of children who receive the Haemophilus influenzae vaccine:

• the presence of immunodeficiencies;
• anatomical disorders that sharply increase the risk of Hib infection;
• presence of blood cancers (leukemia);
• children taking chemotherapy drugs;
• HIV infection;
• mother with HIV infection;
• pupils of closed institutions (orphanages, boarding schools, including specialized ones);
• patients of a sanatorium for the treatment of tuberculosis patients.

When a child is given multiple vaccines at the same time, the injections should be given in different areas of the body and under no circumstances should multiple medications be mixed in the same syringe. Each vaccine is administered separately.

Vaccination of children after one year

If a child has not been vaccinated against hepatitis B before one year of age, this can be done at any age. Children are vaccinated against influenza starting from six months (6 months), annually, during the period when mass vaccination begins - usually from the beginning or mid-October.

These preventive vaccination calendars for children under one year of age and older are mandatory for Russia. There are calendars of additional vaccinations, which are given if necessary, if there is an unfavorable situation from an epidemiological point of view.

National vaccination calendar according to epidemiological
indications

Vaccinations against plague, tularemia, brucellosis, anthrax, leptospirosis, Q fever, tick-borne encephalitis, and typhoid fever are given to people (including children) who permanently reside or plan to travel to geographic areas where these infections are common and there is high risk of infection. If there is a danger of the development of an epidemic of the listed infections in any geographic territory, then not planned, but emergency vaccination of the entire population located in the region temporarily or permanently living is carried out.

The yellow fever vaccine is given to people, including children, who will be in geographic areas where the infection is widespread and at high risk of infection. Often, many countries located in warm climate zones require travelers to be vaccinated against certain infections.

According to the rules and standards of the Russian Ministry of Health, vaccination against the above dangerous infections is carried out according to the following schedule:

• Plague - for children from the age of two. Vaccination is carried out once in a lifetime.
• Leptospirosis – for children from 7 years of age. Vaccination is carried out once in a lifetime.
• Q fever – for children over 14 years of age. Vaccination is carried out once in a lifetime.
• Tularemia – for children from 7 years of age. Vaccination is repeated every 5 years if necessary.
• Tick-borne encephalitis – for children over 4 years of age. Vaccination is repeated for three years, the drug is administered once a year. After three years of vaccination, immunity is formed for life.
• Typhoid fever – for children from 7 years of age. Vaccination is repeated every two years if necessary.
• Yellow fever – children from 9 months. Vaccination is carried out once in a lifetime.

Child vaccination calendar in Ukraine

Vaccination calendar for children in Belarus

Child vaccination calendar in Kazakhstan