Is the drug Tsiprolet an antibiotic or not? Pharmacological characteristics and instructions for use. What complications should you be wary of when treated with antibiotics?

Antibiotics for cholecystitis are an important part of the complex treatment of gallbladder inflammation. Symptomatically, cholecystitis is manifested by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. To stop the infection, antibacterial drugs are prescribed. In addition to antibiotic treatment and symptomatic therapy (for example, biliary medications), it is recommended to adhere to a liquid low-fat diet. In this article we will look at the symptoms and treatment and antibiotics during cholecystitis.

Antibiotics are an important part of the treatment of cholecystitis

Differential diagnosis

Cholecystitis is most often a consequence of advanced cholelithiasis (GSD) and requires antibiotic therapy to prevent complications in the biliary tract. Thus, 20% of patients with biliary colic who neglect treatment develop an acute form of the inflammatory disease. If the acute form is not treated, cholecystitis gradually becomes chronic and is complicated by inflammation of neighboring organs: cholangitis, pancreatitis, cholangiohepatitis and others.

More than 90% of cases of cholecystitis are the result of blockage by a gallstone.

To confirm the diagnosis, ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs is used; additional laboratory tests may be prescribed.

Risk factors include:

• oral contraception;
• pregnancy;
• genetic predisposition;
• obesity;
• diabetes and other metabolic disorders;
• liver diseases.

Without timely treatment, cholecystitis becomes chronic. Treatment of cholecystitis is always complex and depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of complications. Most often, treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis at home, but in some cases a hospital stay and even surgical treatment may be required. Antibiotics are used to combat the infection directly. Only a doctor can select an effective drug based on the clinical picture and laboratory data.

Is it possible to do without antibiotics during cholecystitis?

To combat cholecystitis, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics.

Cholecystitis occurs when the wall of the gallbladder becomes infected. This is why antibiotics are prescribed to fight infection in adults and children. Despite the fact that antibiotics for inflammation of the gallbladder by themselves are not able to cure cholecystitis, it is impossible to completely avoid their use. No folk methods can suppress the source of infection in the gallbladder; the maximum is to stimulate the outflow of bile, but not treat the infection. Moreover, without antibiotics, there is a risk that the infection will spread to neighboring organs - it will enter the bile ducts, liver, and pancreas. Inflammation can progress to the point where doctors have to remove the gallbladder.

Antibacterial therapy is prescribed during the period of exacerbation of cholelithiasis, treatment of calculous, acute and chronic forms of cholecystitis. Broad-spectrum drugs are used to suppress the infection as much as possible and prevent complications.

Contraindications for antibacterial therapy

All contraindications for the use of antibiotics during cholecystitis and gallstone disease are relative, which means that if the patient has contraindications, the doctor must select the most appropriate alternative treatment option.

Revision of appointments is required in the following cases:

• a history of allergies to antibiotics of any group;
• Infectious mononucleosis;
• pregnancy at all stages;
• lactation period;
• a history of an allergic reaction to any medications;
• severe decompensated condition of the patient.

The best antibacterial drug for cholecystitis

There is no “magic” pill for cholecystitis

Many people are concerned about the question of which antibiotics are best to choose. There is no one “magic” pill to treat cholecystitis. Each drug has its own spectrum of action and features of its use, therefore the doctor must select an antibiotic for treatment based on the symptoms and the examination performed. There are standard protocols for the treatment of cholecystitis that guide the choice of drugs. You can find out more about this below in the article.

Inflammation of the gallbladder is a serious disease, and self-medication of cholecystitis is not only unacceptable, but even dangerous. To clarify the diagnosis and select a treatment regimen, additional tests may be prescribed: ultrasound, cultural examination of samples (also called culture), general, biochemical blood tests. Treatment of cholecystitis is always complex, but without antibacterial therapy, recovery will not occur.

World standard for antibacterial treatment

Most often, cholecystitis is caused by Escherichia coli E. coli and the pathogenic bacteroid B. fragilis, as well as some types of Klebsiella, enterococci, and pseudomonas. Taking into account the peculiarities of the course of these infections, those groups of antibiotics are prescribed that have the maximum antimicrobial effect. Thus, standard treatment regimens for acute cholecystitis and exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis were developed.

• piperacillin + tazobactam (Aurotaz, Zopercin, Revotaz, Tazar, Tazpen);
• ampicillin + sulbactam (Ampisid, Sulbacin, Unazin);
• amoxcillin + clavulanic acid (Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Flemoklav);
• meropenem (Alvopenem, Aris, Demopenem, Europenem, Mipenam, Merogram, Meronem, Ronem, Expenem);
• imepenem + cylastin (Prepenem).

Another effective treatment regimen includes a combination of third-generation cephalosporins with metronidazole (Trichopol), which can enhance the effect of treatment. The most commonly used cephalosporins are:

Ceftriaxone is often prescribed for cholecystitis.

• cefotaxime (Cefantral, Loraxime);
• ceftriaxone (Auroxone, Belcef, Loraxone, Cefogram);
• ceftazidime (Aurocef, Orzid, Fortum, Ceftadim);
• cefoperazone + sulbactam (Macrocef, Sulperazone, Sulcef);
• cefixime (Loprax, Sorcef, Suprax, Cefix).

The listed antibiotics and the trade names under which they are produced are not the only ones. In some cases, the doctor may prescribe other regimens based on test results.

The second choice drugs are gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, erythromycin, and some other types of antibiotics.

In some cases, when, in addition to cholecystitis, the bile ducts are inflamed (cholangitis) or there are other complications, several antibacterial drugs can be used simultaneously. For example, combinations of penicillins with fluoroquinolones - most often ampicillin with ciprofloxacin. Or ampicillin with oxacillin (Ampiox).

Dosages of drugs depend on the severity of the infection and are selected individually. In severe cases, injections of antibacterial drugs are recommended; in milder cases, oral forms can be taken.

Treatment of cholecystitis during pregnancy and lactation

To treat cholecystitis in pregnant women, those groups of antibiotics are used that are approved for use during pregnancy. These include some penicillins, cephalosporins, and in some cases macrolides are used. The most commonly used are ampicillin + sulbactam (Ampisid, Sulbacin, Unazine), ceftriaxone (Auroxone, Belcef, Loraxone, Cefogram), azithromycin (Sumamed, Hemomycin). The listed antibiotics are relatively safe for the fetus and are approved for use during pregnancy if the expected benefit outweighs the possible harm from their use.

But breastfeeding will have to be stopped during treatment so that the child does not receive a portion of the antibiotic along with the milk. It is very difficult to predict the consequences, so it is worth stopping breastfeeding while the mother takes antibacterial drugs.

Under no circumstances should you self-medicate by taking any medications without consulting a doctor. Some antibiotics can cause irreparable harm to the fetus, so treatment during pregnancy and lactation can only be prescribed by a doctor.

Features of administration and complications of antibacterial therapy

During treatment, you should completely abstain from alcohol, following a diet for cholecystitis: avoiding fatty foods, excess sugar consumption, legumes, sour fruits and berries, canned food, smoked foods, spicy foods, and strong coffee.

It is important to fully adhere to the treatment regimen, do not change the dosage, do not miss a dose, or interrupt the course, even if complete recovery has occurred. Otherwise, the infection may develop resistance to the antibiotic and a rapid relapse of the disease. Like any other drugs, antibiotics have a number of side effects. More details about possible side effects are described in the instructions for the drug.

In user reviews you can find a variety of side effects, but the most common are:

• dysbacteriosis, which leads to disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract;
• vitamin K deficiency, which can cause nosebleeds;
• candidiasis of the oral cavity and other mucous membranes (for example, thrush);
• allergic reactions if there is individual sensitivity to the components of the drug (these signs cannot be ignored).

To prevent side effects, you must strictly follow the instructions and recommendations of your doctor. After long-term use, it is recommended to take a course of probiotics to restore healthy intestinal microflora.

Video

Cholecystitis, causes, its forms, symptoms, methods of diagnosis and treatment.

Gastritis develops as a result of the impact on the body, more precisely on the gastric mucosa, of negative factors:

• poor quality food;
• alcohol;
• medicines;
• pathogenic bacteria.

As a rule, infectious gastritis is caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which enters the patient's body with poor-quality food. In most cases, the only way to kill Helicobacter bacteria is antibiotic therapy.

The patient must understand that antibiotics are not a panacea for all diseases and drugs of this group can only be taken in certain cases. For example, gastritis, which is provoked not by the Helicobacter bacterium, but by other reasons, does not make sense to treat with antibiotics. Moreover, such therapy can only aggravate the condition of the mucous membrane of the organ and intensify the clinical picture of gastritis.

Antibiotics for gastritis are selected only by a gastroenterologist based on the results of the study and confirmation of the presence of the Helicobacter pylori bacterium in the body.

1. What antibiotics are effective?
2. Treatment regimen for gastritis with antibiotics
3. Triple scheme
4. Quad therapy
5. Disadvantages of antibiotic therapy

What antibiotics are effective?

To treat gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori, antibacterial agents of several groups can be used:

• penicillins, namely amoxicillin;
• macrolides: clarithromycin, less often azithromycin;
• tetracyclines: tetracycline;
• fluoroquinolones: levofloxacin;
• antimicrobial agents, imidazole derivatives: metronidazole, ornidazole, tinidazole.

Characteristics of the drugs:

• Amoxicillin has a bactericidal effect, disrupting protein synthesis during the growth and division of microbes. Active against many pathogenic microorganisms, including Helicobacter pylori. Therefore, Amoxicillin for gastritis is often used as part of complex treatment. Trade names: Flemoxin, Hiconcil, Ecobol, Danemox, Ospamox.
• Clarithromycin is most often used to treat diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori. It exhibits bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects by inhibiting microbial cell protein synthesis. The drug is available under the names: Klacid, Kriksan, Binoclair, Fromilid, Kispar.
• Azithromycin exhibits a bacteriostatic and, in large doses, a bactericidal effect. It is used in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori gastritis in cases where it is impossible to use clarithromycin, since its effect on the pathogenic microbe is much lower. Analogs: Summed, Azicide, Azivok, Zitrolide, Sumazid.
• Tetracycline exhibits a bacteriostatic effect against a wide range of microbes. Due to its increased toxicity and large number of side effects, it is included in the treatment of diseases when other means are ineffective.
• Levofloxacin is one of the most modern and quite powerful antibiotics. It is used during the treatment of gastritis in exceptional cases that cannot be treated with other means. In treatment regimens it often replaces clarithromycin. Trade name: Lomflox, Lomatsin, Okatsin, Xenaquin.
• Metronidazole has antibacterial, antimicrobial, trichomonacid and antiprotozoal effects. Metronidazole for gastritis is usually not very effective in triple therapy, so it is often included in quadruple therapy. Analogue: Trichopolum.
• Tinidazole is an antibacterial and antiprotozoal drug. May be included in treatment regimens for Helicobacter pylori gastritis instead of metronidazole.
• Ornidazole also exhibits antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties. In some cases, it is prescribed as part of a complex treatment of a disease, in case of ineffectiveness or intolerance of other drugs in the group. Known under the names: Tiberal, Ornisid, Dazolic.

Usually, for gastritis and stomach ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori, therapy is carried out simultaneously with 2 or more antibacterial drugs. This is necessary for effective and complete eradication of the bacterium from the body, as it is highly resistant to treatment.

Treatment regimen for gastritis with antibiotics

Today there are 2 main treatment regimens for the disease:

• triple therapy;
• quad therapy.

Both treatment regimens, along with antibiotics, include drugs from the group of proton pump inhibitors or bismuth drugs. These drugs are necessary to reduce the secretion of gastric juice, accelerate the healing of the mucous membrane and eliminate erosion.

Triple scheme

A triple treatment regimen involves the simultaneous administration of 2 antibacterial agents and one antisecretory drug. The most effective is the use of the following means 2 times a day:

• amoxicillin;
• clarithromycin;
• proton pump inhibitor.

In some cases, replacing amoxicillin with metronidazole, tinidazole, or ornidazole may be indicated. A proton pump inhibitor can be represented by any of the following drugs:

• Omeprazole,
• Lansoprazole,
• Rabeprazole,
• Pantoprazole.

Sometimes this component of treatment is replaced with bismuth subcitrate. This treatment regimen has proven itself to be very effective and gives a high result in destroying the causative agent of gastritis. The duration of treatment should be at least 7 days, but most often a 2-week period of medication is required.

Quad therapy

In some cases, the triple scheme is ineffective. Then treatment with quadrotherapy is carried out. It involves daily intake:

• bismuth subnitrate or subsalicylate – 4 times a day;
• tetracycline – 4 times a day;
• metronidazole – 3 times a day;
• proton pump inhibitor – 2 times a day.

The course of treatment for gastritis of the stomach should be at least 7 days.

Quad therapy may look like this:

• proton pump inhibitor;
• amoxicillin;
• metronidazole;
• clarithromycin.

Other combinations of drugs are also allowed. Their choice must be made depending on the expected sensitivity of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as the individual characteristics of the patient’s body and the possibility of taking one or another drug.

There are drugs that are combined sets of 3 drugs necessary for the treatment of gastritis. The packaging of such medications is designed for a course of treatment. The convenience of such drugs is that the patient does not need to buy separate drugs for therapy. Often, each blister contains tablets or capsules that must be taken in one day. Examples of drugs:

• Pilobact Neo,
• Clatinol,
• Piloct,
• PeptickaCombipek.

Disadvantages of antibiotic therapy

The main disadvantage of using antibiotics for gastritis is the high likelihood of side effects and allergic reactions. Many patients experience stool disorders, nausea, and abdominal pain while taking antibiotics. The thing is that drugs in this group destroy not only pathogenic microorganisms, but also all beneficial intestinal microflora.

To compensate for the deficiency of lacto- and bifidobacteria after antibiotic therapy, gastroenterologists prescribe probiotic drugs to patients:

• yogurt capsules;
• Linux;
• Bifi-forms or other analogues.

In addition, during antibiotic treatment, the patient is recommended to include fermented milk products in the diet to prevent the development of dysbiosis.

Side effects often occur when the patient independently increases the dose of the medicine, thus hoping to get rid of gastritis faster. Remember that such experiments can lead to very sad consequences, including liver failure and coma!

Cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder. Like most inflammatory diseases, it can be acute or chronic.

It is also classified into non-calculous and calculous (that is, accompanied by the formation of stones).

Term "cholecystitis" translated from Greek means inflammation of the gallbladder.

The main purpose of the gallbladder is to deposit bile. The gallbladder is most often pear-shaped, located on the lower surface of the right lobe of the liver, projected onto the anterior abdominal wall under the right hypochondrium. See how to treat this disease with folk remedies here.

Inflammation of the gallbladder develops as a result of infection from the intestines, its transfer through the blood and stagnation of bile in the bladder. With this disease, less bile is secreted into the intestines than in a healthy person, which makes it difficult to digest and absorb fats.

Causes

Stagnation of bile due to cholelithiasis or kinks of the bile ducts.

Bacterial infections.

Pregnancy.

Physical inactivity, that is, a sedentary lifestyle.

Overeating, especially abuse of fatty, spicy and fried foods.

Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages.

The most common cause of cholecystitis is the presence of gallstones, which block the flow of bile from the gallbladder. This leads to acute cholecystitis, which causes the gallbladder to become irritated and inflamed. Other causes of cholecystitis include previous infection or trauma, for example after a car accident. Acute cholecystitis also occurs in people with severe illnesses such as diabetes. In this case, stones are not the cause of cholecystitis; rather, it is a complication of other diseases. Inflammation of the gallbladder largely depends on nutrition, on the lack of foods containing plant fibers in the diet - vegetables, fruits, wholemeal bread, when the diet contains an excess of animal fats, various sweets, a sedentary lifestyle, and lack of physical activity as well. promotes stagnation of bile and the development of the inflammatory process in them.

Exacerbation of cholecystitis occurs when bile stagnates in the bile ducts. Therefore, you need to increase physical activity, move more, but avoid sudden movements so as not to provoke an attack of hepatic colic.

The direct impetus for an outbreak of the inflammatory process in the gallbladder is often overeating, especially the consumption of very fatty and spicy foods, drinking alcoholic beverages, an acute inflammatory process in another organ (tonsillitis, pneumonia, adnexitis, etc.).

Chronic cholecystitis can occur after acute cholecystitis, but more often it develops independently and gradually, against the background of cholelithiasis, gastritis with secretory insufficiency, chronic pancreatitis and other diseases of the digestive system, obesity.

Chronic cholecystitis occurs when inflammation of the gallbladder occurs over a long period of time, causing the walls of the gallbladder to thicken.

This disease is common and is more common in women.

Pathogenic bacterial flora (Escherichia coli, streptococci, staphylococci, etc.), in more rare cases - anaerobic infection, worms and fungi, hepatitis viruses can cause cholecystitis.

The main factor in the occurrence of the disease is stagnation of bile in the gallbladder, which can be caused by gallstones, compression and kinks of the bile ducts, dyskinesia of the gallbladder and biliary tract, disruption of their tone and motor function under the influence of various emotional stress, endocrine and nervous disorders.

Stagnation of bile in the gallbladder is also facilitated by prolapse of internal organs, pregnancy, sedentary lifestyle, rare meals, etc.

The direct impetus for an outbreak of the inflammatory process in the gallbladder is often overeating, eating very fatty and spicy foods, drinking alcoholic beverages, an acute inflammatory process in the body (sore throat, pneumonia, adnexitis, and so on).

Chronic cholecystitis can occur after acute cholecystitis, but more often it develops independently and gradually against the background of cholelithiasis, gastritis, chronic pancreatitis and other diseases of the digestive tract, as well as obesity.

Symptoms

Noncalculous cholecystitis, that is, cholecystitis without stones, is characterized by a dull pain in the right hypochondrium, which usually occurs some time after eating. As well as bloating, belching of air, unpleasant taste in the mouth, abnormal bowel movements and nausea.

In addition to all the above symptoms, calculous cholecystitis is characterized by colic, that is, attacks of acute pain.

Most often, the first signs of cholecystitis are pain in the right hypochondrium (upper right part of the abdomen), which can sometimes radiate to the back or right shoulder blade. The person may also feel nausea and vomiting and tenderness in the right side of the abdomen. There is also an increase in temperature, pain that intensifies with a deep breath, or lasts more than 6 hours, especially after eating.

Inflammation of the gallbladder is registered in almost 10% of the world's population, and women are 3-4 times more likely to suffer from cholecystitis. The possibility of developing cholecystitis is influenced by age and body weight: the older a person is and the more he weighs, the higher the risk of the occurrence and development of chronic cholecystitis.

Cholecystitis is characterized by a dull, aching pain in the right hypochondrium that is constant or occurs 1-3 hours after eating a large and especially fatty and fried meal. The pain can radiate to the area of ​​the right shoulder and neck, right shoulder blade. However, sharp pain reminiscent of biliary colic may also occur periodically.

A feeling of bitterness and a metallic taste appears in the mouth, belching of air occurs, nausea, which is accompanied by flatulence and impaired bowel movements (often alternating constipation and diarrhea). The person becomes irritable and suffers from insomnia.

Jaundice is not typical for cholecystitis.

Diagnostics

The disease is diagnosed using ultrasound or computed tomography. To diagnose acalculous cholecystitis, duodenal intubation and bacteriological examination of bile can be used (this is what often helps to identify the causative agent of cholecystitis).

Upon examination, the doctor notes that the patient has an enlarged liver. In most cases, the gallbladder cannot be palpated, since it is usually wrinkled due to a chronic scar-sclerosing process.

Bacteriological examination of bile allows you to determine the causative agent of cholecystitis.

During cholecystography, a change in the shape of the gallbladder is noted, sometimes stones are found in it: the inflammatory process is the impetus for their formation.

Signs of chronic cholecystitis are also determined by echography - in the form of thickening of the walls of the bladder, its deformation.

Course of the disease

In most cases, it is long-term and is characterized by alternating periods of remission and exacerbations. Exacerbations often occur as a result of violations in the diet, after drinking alcoholic beverages, or heavy physical work. The process can be triggered by an acute intestinal infection or general hypothermia of the body.

Treatment

Treatment for cholecystitis depends on the symptoms of the disease and the person's general health. In some cases, people who develop gallstones may not need treatment. With a mild form of cholecystitis, sometimes it is enough to have a gentle regime of the digestive system, a course of antibiotics and painkillers.

In other cases, especially with chronic cholecystitis, the gallbladder is removed surgically. Removing the gallbladder usually does not impair digestion.

In case of exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis, patients are hospitalized in a surgical or therapeutic hospital.

In this case, bed rest, dietary nutrition (diet No. 5a), antibiotics and sulfonamide drugs are prescribed.

To eliminate biliary dyskinesia, pain, and improve the outflow of bile, antispasmodic and choleretic agents are prescribed.

During the period of subsidence of the inflammatory process, thermal physiotherapeutic procedures are performed on the area of ​​the right hypochondrium.

Among medicinal herbs, decoctions of immortelle flowers (0.5 cups 2-3 times a day before meals), corn silk (1-3 tablespoons 3 times a day) or a liquid extract of these herbs are effectively used to restore the functioning of the gallbladder. (30-40 drops 3 times a day).

After returning home from the hospital, it is useful for the patient to drink choleretic tea (sold at the pharmacy): 1 tbsp. Brew a spoonful of tea with 2 cups of boiling water, take the strained infusion 0.5 cup 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.

Treatment with mineral water (“Essentuki” No. 4 and No. 17, “Slavyanovskaya”, “Smirnovskaya”, “Mirgorodskaya”, “Naftusya”, etc.), as well as magnesium sulfate (1 tablespoon of 25% solution 2) is useful. times a day) or Carlsbad salt (1 teaspoon per glass of warm water 3 times a day).

If conservative treatment is not successful, which often happens when there are large stones in the gallbladder, as well as with frequent exacerbations of cholecystitis, surgical intervention is performed - usually cholecystectomy (surgery to remove the gallbladder).

Calculous cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder. If there are also stones in the bladder, then they speak of calculous, stone cholecystitis.

Causes

Inflammation is most often caused by bacterial infection and bile stagnation.

Infectious agents can enter the gallbladder in three ways: from the duodenum, through the blood and through the lymph.

Also, cholecystitis can occur with acute pancreatitis, when pancreatic enzymes enter the lumen of the gallbladder.

Hereditary predisposition, poor nutrition, allergies, metabolic disorders in the body and disruptions in the blood supply to the gallbladder are important.

Symptoms

With calculous cholecystitis, the patient experiences a feeling of heaviness in the right hypochondrium, as well as paroxysmal or constant dull pain. There is often a bitterness in the mouth and nausea.

Treatment

The necessary drug therapy is prescribed by the attending physician. The patient must strictly follow the instructions to avoid exacerbations of the disease.

Treatment also includes constant dieting.

For calculous cholecystitis, fruit, milk, and cereal soups, boiled meat, low-fat fish, milk, fresh curdled milk, kefir, acidophilus milk, cottage cheese (up to 200 g per day), porridge, white and black stale bread, ripe fruits, berries (except sour varieties), vegetables, herbs.

For sweets, you can consume jam, honey, sugar (up to 70 g per day), for drinks - vegetable, fruit juices, weak tea with milk.

But foods rich in fats must be limited: cream, butter - up to 10 g per day, vegetable oil - up to 20-30 g per day. You can eat one egg daily.

The exception here is chronic lesions of the gallbladder, which occur with stagnation of bile.

Table salt should be consumed no more than 10 g per day.

Meals should be five times a day.

It is necessary to completely exclude from the diet lard, fatty meats, fish, fried, spicy, smoked foods, canned food, spices, legumes, mushrooms, spinach, sorrel, onions, baked goods, vinegar, ice cream, cocoa, carbonated, alcoholic drinks, chocolate, creams.

Self-help available

Among the folk remedies for cholecystitis, we can recommend the use of decoctions and infusions that have antimicrobial and astringent effects. They can be prepared from snakeweed, St. John's wort, nettle, tansy, chamomile, chicory, and rose hips. Spasms from the smooth muscles of the biliary tract are relieved (and thereby reduce pain) by immortelle, corn silk, and mint.

Of the medicinal preparations made from plants, allohol and holagol are indicated.

Large gallstones cannot be eliminated using herbal medicine.

Also, in case of chronic cholecystitis, it is advisable to carry out tubeless tubing 2-3 times a week for a month. It is best to perform this procedure in the morning.

To do this, you need to drink a glass of decoction of choleretic herbs on an empty stomach or, at worst, warm water. After half an hour, take allohol or holagol and wash it down with warm sweet tea (a glass or half a glass) or again with a herbal decoction. Then lie on your left side, and on your right side - on the liver area - put a warm heating pad. Cover yourself with a blanket and lie there for 1.5-2 hours.

After this, take a few deep breaths and squats and then you can have breakfast.

For cholecystitis, you can be treated with mineral waters for 3-4 weeks several times a year.

With increased acidity of gastric juice, drink water 1.5 hours before meals, with normal acidity - half an hour. The norm is 0.5-0.75 glasses 2-3 times a day.

Physiotherapeutic procedures are indicated for chronic cholecystitis during remission. The most effective are diathermy and inductothermy (heating the organ with high-frequency currents), UHF (magnetic field treatment), ultrasound, mud, ozokerite or paraffin applications to the gallbladder area, radon and hydrogen sulfide baths.

To prevent exacerbations, it is necessary to follow a diet, a gentle work schedule, promptly sanitize foci of infection, and also carry out preventive treatment 2-3 times a year.

Prevention of cholecystitis consists of proper nutrition and regimen, combating a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and diseases of the abdominal organs.

Acute cholecystitis: features of clinical manifestations

The disease begins rapidly. The leading symptom is biliary colic. The pain syndrome is caused by stretching of the gallbladder, a significant increase in pressure in it, disruption of the flow of bile through the cystic duct, inflammatory swelling of the gallbladder and adjacent peritoneum.

Pain occurs in the right hypochondrium, radiating to the right shoulder, right shoulder blade, right half of the chest, sometimes to the left half of the chest, lumbar or iliac region.

Over the course of several hours, the pain intensifies, but rarely reaches pronounced intensity. Often the patient takes a forced position on the right side or on the back.

Patients' body temperature rises and chills appear. High fever and chills are more typical for purulent or phlegmonous cholecystitis. The patient is often bothered by thirst, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and flatulence. The tongue is dry and coated. The stomach is swollen and the abdominal muscles are tense. Percussion and light tapping in the liver area cause severe pain.

It is not always possible to palpate an enlarged, tense, sharply painful gallbladder. In older people, there is often a discrepancy between the clinical manifestations of acute cholecystitis and the severity of inflammatory changes in the gallbladder. Moreover, the development of gangrenous changes in the wall of the gallbladder can be clinically manifested by the so-called period of imaginary well-being - a decrease in pain due to necrosis of the receptors of the sensitive apparatus.

The catarrhal form of acute cholecystitis with timely antibiotic therapy ends in recovery.

With the phlegmonous form of acute cholecystitis, the process is more difficult. Characterized by fever with severe chills. Symptoms of intoxication quickly increase: dry mouth, thirst, nausea. Pain in the abdominal cavity reaches great intensity. The abdomen becomes bloated and symptoms of peritoneal irritation appear.

With a favorable course, the febrile state, having reached its greatest severity by the 2-4th day of the disease, persists for several days, then recovery may occur. In some cases, the disease becomes chronic.

Dangerous complications of acute cholecystitis include pancreatic necrosis, pancreatitis, gallbladder perforation, and biliary peritonitis.

The main symptoms of gallbladder perforation are sudden severe pain in the right hypochondrium, hiccups, bloating, cessation of gas discharge, disruption of the bowel movement, and hypotension.

In acute cholecystitis, adhesions may appear between the bladder and other organs - pericholecystitis with deformation of the bladder.

Cholecystitis: maintenance therapy during remission

After inpatient treatment and the acute period subsides, patients with cholecystitis are prescribed maintenance therapy.

Nutrition should contribute to stable remission of the disease and prevent the thickening of bile. It is necessary to have scales and strictly monitor the stability of body weight. Nutrition should not be excessive. Food should be taken in small portions, at least 4 times a day. It is advisable to enrich the diet with vegetables and vegetable oil. Refractory fats, cold fizzy drinks, spicy seasonings, fried foods are prohibited; large meals at night are especially undesirable.

If the feeling of heaviness in the right hypochondrium increases or heartburn appears, a course of treatment with choleretic drugs is carried out 2-3 times a year for a month.

Patients with prolonged pain and dyspeptic syndromes should undergo blind duodenal intubation, that is, tubage, once every 7-10 days. For this purpose, the patient on an empty stomach drinks 1-2 glasses of a hot solution of Carlsbad salt (2 sachets) or xylitol (15 g) dissolved in water in small sips. After this, for 40-60 minutes you need to lie comfortably on your right side, placing a warm heating pad on the liver area. These same patients sometimes almost constantly have to take choleretic drugs - 5-6 drops of Cholagol after breakfast.

Drug therapy

The basis of drug treatment of chronic cholecystitis is anti-inflammatory therapy.

Antibiotics are widely used to suppress infection in the biliary tract. The choice of antibacterial drug depends on individual tolerance and the sensitivity of the bile microflora to the antibiotic.

Correction of antibacterial therapy is carried out after receiving the results, analyzing the culture of bile for microflora and determining its sensitivity to the antibiotic.

The most effective are:

• Antimicrobial drugs of the fluoroquinolone group: norfloxacin (nolicin, norbactin, girablok) - 0.4 g 2 times a day; ofloxacin (tarivid, zanocin) - 0.2 g 2 times a day; ciprofloxacin (tsiprobay, ciprolet, tsifran) - 0.5 g 2 times a day; levofloxacin (tavanic, lefoccin) - 0.5 g 2 times a day; macrolides: erythromycin - 0.25 g 4 times a day; azithromycin (sumamed, azitrox, azitral) - 0.5 g 1 time per day; clarithromycin (clacid, clubax, clerimed) - 0.5 g 2 times a day; roxithromycin (rulide, roxide, roxolid) - 0.1 g 2 times a day; midecamycin (macropen) - 0.4 g 2 times a day;
• Semi-synthetic tetracyclines: doxacycline (vibramycin, unidox solutab, medomycin) - 0.1 g 2 times a day; metacycline - 0.15 g 4 times a day.

Semi-synthetic penicillins can be used: ampicillin - 0.5 g 4 times a day; oxacillin - 0.5 g 4 times a day; ampiox - 0.5 g 4 times a day, although they are less active.

In severe cases, the doctor prescribes cephalosporins (ketocef, cefobid, claforan, cefepime, rocephin).

It is preferable to take the antibiotic orally (through the mouth) at the usual therapeutic dose. The course of treatment is 7-8 days. It is possible to repeat the course with other antibiotics after 3-4 days.

If the bile microflora is not sensitive to antibiotics or is allergic to them, cotrimaxozole (Biseptol, Bactrim) is recommended - 2 tablets each

2 times a day, although its effectiveness is significantly lower than that of antibiotics, and the adverse effect on the liver is higher. A good effect is achieved by using nitrofuran drugs - furazolidone, furadonin, and metronidozole - 0.5 g 3 times a day for 7-10 days.

In case of severe pain syndrome, in order to reduce spasm of the Odzi sphincter, in case of hypermotor type gallbladder dysfunction, antispasmodics are indicated.

There are several groups of antispasmodics, differing in their mechanism of action.

Metacin, gastrocepin, buscopan, and platifillin are used as antispasmodics. However, when taking this group of drugs, a number of side effects may occur (dry mouth, urinary retention, visual disturbances, tachycardia, constipation). The combination of the rather low effectiveness of this group of drugs with a wide range of side effects limits the use of this group of drugs.

Direct-acting antispasmodics, such as papaverine, drotaverine (no-spa), are effective in relieving spasms. However, they are not characterized by selectivity of action and they affect all tissues where smooth muscles are present.

Mebeverine hydrochloride (duspatalin) has a much more pronounced antispastic activity, which also has a direct effect, but it has a number of advantages over other antispasmodics. It relaxes the smooth muscles of the digestive tract, does not affect the smooth muscle wall of blood vessels and does not have the systemic effects characteristic of anticholinergics. The drug has a prolonged effect and should be taken no more than 2 times a day in the form of 200 mg capsules.

Pinaveria bromide (dicetel) also belongs to antispasmodics. The main mechanism of its action is the blockade of calcium channels located in the smooth muscle cells of the intestine, bile ducts and peripheral nerve endings. Dicetel is prescribed 100 mg 3 times a day for pain.

A drug that has a selective antispasmodic effect on the sphincter of Oddi is hymecromone (odeston). This drug combines antispasmodic and choleretic properties, ensuring harmonious emptying of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. Odeston does not have a direct choleretic effect, but it facilitates the flow of bile into the digestive tract, thereby increasing the circulation of bile acids. The advantage of odeston is that it has virtually no effect on other smooth muscles, in particular the circulatory system and intestinal muscles. Odeston is used 200-400 mg 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals. All antispasmodics are prescribed for a course of 2-3 weeks.

In the future, they can be used if necessary or in repeated courses. For acute pain syndrome, drugs can be used once or in short courses.

In case of gallbladder dysfunction caused by hypomotor dyskinesia, prokinetics are used to increase contractile function for 10-14 days: domperidone (Motilium, Motonium, Motilac) or metoclopramide (Cerucal)

10 mg 3 times a day 20 minutes before meals.

The prescription of choleretic drugs requires a differentiated approach depending on the presence of inflammation and the type of dysfunction. They are indicated only after the inflammatory process has subsided. All choleretic drugs are divided into two large groups: drugs that stimulate bile formation and drugs that stimulate bile secretion.

The first includes drugs that increase the secretion of bile and stimulate the formation of bile acids (true choleretics), which are divided into:

• on drugs containing bile acids - decholin, allochol, cholenzyme;
• herbal preparations - hofitol, tanacechol, holagol, livamine (Liv 52), hepabene, hepatofalk, silymar;
• drugs that increase bile secretion due to the water component (hydrocholeretics) - mineral waters.

The second group of drugs that stimulate bile secretion include:

• cholekinetics - agents that cause an increase in the tone of the sphincters of the biliary tract and gallbladder - magnesium sulfate, Carlsbad salt, sorbitol, xylitol, holagogum, olimethin, rovahol;
• preparations containing oil solutions - pumpkinol;
• drugs that cause relaxation of the biliary tract (cholespasmolytics)

Platifillin, no-spa, duspatalin, odeston, dicetel.

The doctor prescribes drugs from these groups to patients differentially, depending on the type of dyskinesia accompanying chronic cholecystitis.

During the period of exacerbation of chronic acalculous cholecystitis, physiotherapeutic procedures are indicated: electrophoresis with antispasmodics for hypermotor type dysfunctions and with magnesium sulfate for hypomotor dysfunction. Diathermy, inductothermia, paraffin, ozokerite, and UHF therapy are prescribed for the gallbladder area. During the period of the onset of remission, physical therapy is used to promote emptying of the gallbladder.

Acalculous cholecystitis

Acute acalculous cholecystitis occurs due to the penetration of infection into the gallbladder with reduced evacuation capacity (stagnation of bile contributes to the development of infection).

The reflux of pancreatic juice into the bile ducts and gallbladder, which damages the mucous membrane of the gallbladder, also plays an important role in the development of inflammation. Very often, acute acalculous cholecystitis is combined with inflammatory changes in the pancreas (cholecystopan-creatitis).

The symptoms of acalculous chronic cholecystitis are similar to those of chronic cholecystitis, only pain in the right hypochondrium is not so intense, although longer lasting.

In case of long-term persistent course of the disease, if conservative treatment is ineffective, cholecystectomy (removal of the gallbladder) is prescribed.

Can acalculous cholecystitis lead to cholelithiasis?

Chronic cholecystitis often develops against the background of existing cholelithiasis as a result of constant injury to the mucous membrane of the gallbladder by hard stones.

However, the widespread belief that chronic cholecystitis must necessarily be combined with cholelithiasis is incorrect. There is no such direct dependence. It can appear for many other reasons.

If, in the presence of inflammation, stones are also found in the gallbladder, they speak of calculous cholecystitis. If there is inflammation, but there are no stones - about stoneless.

However, acalculous cholecystitis often precedes stone formation. Therefore, even in the absence of symptoms, it is still necessary to treat acalculous cholecystitis in order to avoid further unpleasant consequences and exacerbations of the disease.

Pain and discomfort during exacerbations of chronic cholecystitis are caused by spasms of the gallbladder and biliary dyskinesia, so doctors, in addition to anti-inflammatory treatment, use antispasmodics to relieve discomfort.

Antispasmodics such as atropine, metacin, belladonna preparations, and antispasmodics are widely used. But you need to know that this group of drugs is contraindicated in patients with glaucoma, prostate adenoma, pregnancy, which limits their use in a significant part of patients.

Another group of antispasmodics, such as drotaverine, papaverine, bencyclane, acts on smooth muscles, providing an antispastic, and therefore analgesic, effect. However, these drugs affect all of the body's smooth muscles, including those that make up the walls of blood vessels and the urinary tract, which can cause heart palpitations, urinary incontinence, and some other undesirable effects.

In this regard, most doctors prescribe antispasmodic drugs strictly individually, giving preference to those that do not have a systemic effect and strictly selectively affect the cells of the gastrointestinal tract.

To improve the outflow of bile, as a rule, choleretic agents are prescribed - allohol, cholenzyme, a decoction of corn silk and flowers of the main choleretic herb - immortelle.

Diagnosis of acute acalculous cholecystitis

Diagnosis of acute cholecystitis is complex. The purpose of diagnostic measures is not only to establish the fact of cholecystolithiasis and

signs of inflammation of the gallbladder wall, but also the ability to choose an adequate treatment method.

The patient's severe general condition, high body temperature, severe chills, tachycardia, severe pain in the right hypochondrium, and increased ESR make it possible to suspect acute cholecystitis.

In patients over 60 years of age, the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis is often difficult due to its atypical course. General and local reactions can be mild, purulent and destructive forms are often observed, and diffuse peritonitis develops.

For an accurate diagnosis, ultrasound, biochemical blood tests and several specific examinations are performed.

An ultrasound examination may show signs of acute cholecystitis - thickening of the walls of the bladder (more than 4 mm), a “double contour” of the wall, an increase in size, a stone at the mouth of the cystic duct.

The role of ultrasound in predicting the nature of the proposed operation is extremely important. Reliable signs of the technical complexity of the planned cholecystectomy are: the absence of a free lumen in the gallbladder;

thickened or thinned bladder wall; large stationary stones; accumulation of fluid.

Dynamic ultrasound is also used in diagnosis - a regularly performed ultrasound examination. It helps to assess whether the clinical picture of the disease is changing or remaining stable. Dynamic ultrasound allows you to timely analyze the course of the inflammatory process and carry out the necessary surgical intervention in advance.

Laparoscopy is indicated for patients with an unclear clinical diagnosis. In acute cholecystitis, laparoscopy has a high resolution and also provides significant assistance in the differential diagnosis of other inflammatory diseases of the abdominal organs and tumor lesions.

The purpose of the study is to isolate acute cholecystitis in a number of other pathological conditions: to distinguish it from acute appendicitis, acute pancreatitis, painful manifestations of urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, liver abscess, perforated gastric and duodenal ulcers.

Treatment of acute acalculous cholecystitis

Patients with acute cholecystitis are subject to hospitalization in a surgical hospital.

The absolute indication for surgical treatment is suspicion of perforation, gangrene, or phlegmon of the bladder.

In the absence of complications, doctors often practice wait-and-see tactics under the guise of massive daily doses of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which are effective against intestinal microflora typical of biliary tract infections.

For antibacterial therapy, drugs that can penetrate well into bile are used.

Active treatment tactics are used for all destructive forms of acute cholecystitis, which occurs with signs of purulent intoxication or peritonitis. Waiting treatment tactics are preferable for this form of acute cholecystitis, when, as a result of conservative therapy, it is possible to stop the inflammatory process.

The question of choosing treatment tactics for a patient with acute cholecystitis in the clinic is decided in the first hours of hospital stay, from the moment the clinical diagnosis is made and confirmed by ultrasound or laparoscopic methods.

If the choice falls on surgical intervention, then the operation is performed at different times from the moment of hospitalization.

The preoperative period of hospital stay is used for intensive therapy, the duration of which depends on the category of severity and physical condition of the patient. In mild cases, surgical treatment is carried out in the first 6-12 hours from the moment of admission to the hospital (after preoperative preparation). If the patient’s physical condition requires more intensive and lengthy preoperative preparation - within a period of 12 to 48 hours.

In any case, it is advisable to follow a gentle diet (table No. 5).

How and how is chronic acalculous cholecystitis treated?

Treatment of chronic acalculous cholecystitis, as a rule, is carried out on an outpatient basis, in case of exacerbation and protracted course - in the therapeutic department of the hospital, in the remission phase - at a resort or in a dispensary.

Therapeutic measures are aimed at suppressing infection, reducing the inflammatory process, increasing the body's defenses, and eliminating metabolic and dyskinetic disorders.

In the acute stage, a special diet is prescribed - table No. 5.

To eliminate pain, no-spa, halidor, papaverine, and metoclopramide are used. For severe pain, use baralgin. As a rule, pain is relieved in the first 1-2 weeks from the start of treatment; usually therapy with these drugs does not exceed 3-4 weeks.

Pain in chronic acalculous cholecystitis depends not only on pronounced dyskinetic disorders, but also on the intensity of the inflammatory process in the biliary tract.

Early use of antibacterial therapy is very effective. It is advisable to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics that do not undergo significant biotransformation in the liver. Prescribe erythromycin (0.25 g 6 times a day), doxycycline hydrochloride (0.05-0.1 g 2 times a day); metacycline hydrochloride (0.3 g 2-3 times a day). It is possible to use furazolidone (0.05 g 4 times a day).

Treatment with antibiotics is carried out for 8-10 days. After a 2-4 day break, it is advisable to repeat treatment with these drugs for another 7-8 days.

In the phase of subsiding exacerbation, it is recommended to place a heating pad on the area of ​​the right hypochondrium, make hot poultices from oats or flaxseed, applications of paraffin and ozokerite will be useful.

The use of choleretic drugs during an exacerbation of severe inflammatory processes in the gallbladder and bile ducts is contraindicated.

In case of a pronounced allergic component, antihistamines are used - diphenhydramine, diazolin, suprastin, tavegil, telfast, etc.

Choleretic drugs - choleretics (drugs that stimulate the formation of bile) are recommended for use during the remission phase in combination with enzyme preparations. If there is hypotension of the gallbladder, tocholeretics are prescribed with chol kinetics - drugs that enhance muscle contraction of the gallbladder and thereby promote the release of bile into the intestine.

The following choleretics are mainly prescribed: allochol, cholenzyme, decholin; a number of synthetic substances - oxafenamide, nicodine; herbal preparations - fiamine, holagon, corn silk.

Cholekinetic agents are magnesium sulfate (magnesium sulfate), Carlsbad salt, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, holosas.

Allochol is prescribed 1-2 tablets 3 times a day after meals, nicodin - 0.5-1 g 3-4 times a day before meals. The course of treatment with choleretic drugs is 10-30 days, depending on the effect.

Treatment tactics outside of exacerbation are determined by the nature of dyskinetic disorders. For the hypotonic type of dyskinesia, allochol is used in combination with festal, cholekinetics, and for the hypertensive type, antispasmodics (no-spa, halidor, papaverine) are used.

For dyskinesias of the gallbladder, olimetin (Rovahol) is effective - 3-5 drops per piece of sugar 30 minutes before meals 3-4 times a day. You can take Cerucal - 10 mg 3-4 times a day.

Therapeutic duodenal intubation is indicated only in the absence of gallstones.

When the inflammatory process is sluggish, agents are used that increase the body’s immunological resistance (vitamins, aloe injections, prodigiosan, etc.).

Surgical treatment is indicated:

In case of persistent disease with preserved gallbladder function, but existing adhesions, deformation, pericholecystitis; - with a disabled or severely deformed gallbladder, even in the absence of sharp pain; - in the case of difficult-to-treat pancreatitis and cholangitis.

In the remission phase, treatment also involves following a diet, taking choleretic medications, and exercising.

Physical therapy plays an important role in chronic cholecystitis with insufficient emptying of the gallbladder. Morning exercises and measured walking are of greatest importance. The complex of therapeutic exercises includes exercises for the trunk muscles in a standing, sitting and lying position on the back and right side with a gradual increase in the range of movements and load on the abdominal press.

Balneological resorts with mineral waters for drinking treatment are shown: “Arzni”, “Berezovsky Mineral Waters”, “Borjomi”, “Java”, “Jermuk”, “Druskininkai”, “Essentuki”, “Izhevsk Mineral Waters”, “Pyatigorsk”, "Truskavets". Contraindications to spa treatment are acute cholecystitis or a non-functioning gallbladder, chronic cholecystitis with frequent exacerbations.

Enzymatic cholecystitis

Changes in the chemical composition of bile (discrimination) in the form of an increase in the concentration of bile salts can cause aseptic inflammation of the gallbladder.

The occurrence of cholecystitis has been proven to be the damaging effect of pancreatic juice and the negative impact of pancreatic reflux into the bile ducts of the gallbladder and the excretory ducts of the liver.

With free outflow of pancreatic juice into the duodenum, no changes in the gallbladder are detected. But when the outflow is disrupted and hypertension increases in the biliary system, when the gallbladder is stretched, a change in the normal capillary blood flow in the wall of the bladder occurs. This causes disruption of tissue metabolism, which leads to the development of enzymatic cholecystitis.

During the inflammatory process in the gallbladder, a shift in normal acidity to the acidic side occurs (bile acidosis), which contributes to the loss of cholesterol in the form of crystals and a change in the ratio of bile acids towards cholesterol (cholate-cholesterol ratio). Therefore, in the diet of patients with cholecystitis of enzymatic origin, foods that contribute to tissue acidification should be sharply limited or excluded. These are primarily flour and spicy dishes, meat, fish, brains, etc.

Features of nutrition of patients with cholecystitis

Fats stimulate bile secretion, and the majority of patients with cholecystitis do not need to limit them. However, animal fats are high in cholesterol and should be consumed in moderation.

If there is insufficient flow of bile into the intestines, fats are poorly broken down, which leads to irritation of the intestinal mucosa and the appearance of diarrhea.

It has been proven that diets with an increased amount of fat due to vegetable oil have a positive effect on the lipid complex of bile, bile formation and bile excretion.

It should also be remembered that vegetable oils (corn, sunflower, olive), due to the content of unsaturated fatty acids - arachidonic, linoleic, linolenic - improve cholesterol metabolism, participate in the synthesis of certain substances (arachidonic acid), and affect the motility of the gallbladder.

Fats increase the metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins, especially vitamin A.

Carbohydrates, especially easily digestible ones (sugar, honey, jam), which were not previously limited in order to replenish glucose reserves in the liver, are now recommended to be reduced in the diet, especially if you are overweight.

Special studies have proven that glycogen reserves decrease only with massive liver necrosis, and the inclusion of a large amount of easily digestible carbohydrates can enhance lipogenesis and thereby increase the likelihood of gallstone formation. Therefore, the consumption of flour and sweet foods should be limited.

The diet should be rich in plant fiber, which eliminates constipation, and this reflexively improves the emptying of the gallbladder. The diet should include carrots, pumpkin, watermelons, melons, grapes, wheat and rye bran.

For oxalaturia and phosphaturia, you should limit tomatoes, sorrel, spinach, and radishes.

In case of exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis in the first week, the calorie content of food is 2000 calories per day, later - when the inflammatory process subsides - the calorie content can be increased to 2500 calories.

It should be borne in mind that food poor in proteins leads to the development of fatty liver, disruption of the synthesis of many enzymes and hormones. Long-term restriction of protein intake in the menu of patients with chronic cholecystitis is not justified.

A complete vitamin composition of food is a necessary condition for diet therapy of chronic cholecystitis.

You should include in your diet foods containing lipotropic factors: oatmeal and buckwheat, cottage cheese, cheese, cod, soy products.

Reflux into the biliary tract can lead to cholecystitis

Long-term use of anticholinergics and antispasmodics leads to dysfunction of the biliary tract, the development of hypotension (relaxation) and atony (loss of efficiency) of the sphincter of Oddi, which contributes to the reflux of duodenal contents into the biliary tract, with the formation of “pharmacological” cholestasis.

The sphincter of Oddi is a muscle knot that compresses the junction of the gallbladder and the duodenum. When this pressure weakens, the “gate” constantly remains open and the infected intestinal contents enter the bile ducts and gallbladder. This is how inflammation occurs.

In case of peptic ulcer with localization of the process in the duodenal bulb, changes in the biliary tract are also often observed.

Prolonged pain indicates cholecystitis

Biliary colic occurs suddenly and quickly reaches its peak within a few minutes. This is a constant pain, it does not go away, but it can vary in intensity. It lasts from 15 minutes to 4-5 hours.

If the pain lasts more than 4-5 hours, then this usually indicates a complication - inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis). The pain is usually quite severe, but movement does not worsen the pain.

Are surgeries performed to remove the gallbladder for acalculous cholecystitis?

Hardly ever. Conservative anti-inflammatory treatment is usually prescribed. The exception is patients with persistent pain and a sharply enlarged gallbladder, as well as severe manifestations of pericholecystitis.

Nutrition

Diet and nutritional therapy should be aimed at releasing bile from the gallbladder and eliminating inflammation. You should only consume easily digestible fats: butter and vegetable oils (olive, sunflower, corn), which stimulate the secretion of bile. The diet includes foods that contain a lot of magnesium salts. They promote the secretion of bile, reduce pain, and relieve spasm of the gallbladder. There are a lot of magnesium salts in buckwheat, vegetables and fruits.

The best diet for gallbladder diseases is frequent and small meals. This is due to the fact that when we eat, a reflex contraction of the gallbladder occurs, and the bile dilutes. There is an outflow of bile. A snack is a sandwich and an apple.

The main dietary principle for acute cholecystitis (as well as for exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis) is maximum sparing of the digestive tract. In the first two days, the patient should drink exclusively liquid, and in small portions. During this period, you can take still mineral water diluted in half with regular boiled water, sweet fruit and berry juices - also in half with water, weak tea, rosehip decoction.

As pain and inflammation decrease, which usually happens after 1-2 days, you can switch to pureed food. Prescribed mucous and pureed soups made from oats, rice, semolina; porridge made from rice, oats, semolina; sweet fruit and berry jelly, mousses, jellies. The amount of food is limited so as not to put stress on the digestive organs.

Further expansion of the diet occurs due to the inclusion in the diet of pureed low-fat cottage cheese, lean pureed meat, steamed, and low-fat boiled fish. During this period, you can also include white bread crackers in your diet. You should eat in small portions 5 times a day, preferably at certain hours. You need to drink plenty of fluids (2-2.5 liters of liquid).

After 5-10 days from the onset of acute cholecystitis (or exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis), the patient switches to diet No. 5a.

This is a physiologically complete diet, with a moderate limitation of fats and table salt, mechanical and chemical irritants of the mucous membrane and the receptor apparatus of the gastrointestinal tract, with the exception of foods and dishes that enhance the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines, as well as strong stimulants of bile secretion, gastric secretion, pancreas glands, substances that irritate the liver (extractives, organic acids, foods rich in essential oils, organic acids, cholesterol, purines, fried foods containing products of incomplete breakdown of fat). All dishes are prepared boiled or steamed. Individual baked dishes without a rough crust are allowed. Food is given mostly pureed, pureed soups or with finely chopped vegetables and well-cooked cereals. Diet: 5-6 times a day in small portions.

Food temperature 15-60 °C. Diet 5 times a day.

It is not recommended to take: very fresh bread; puff pastry and pastry, fried pies, cakes, cream pies; meat, fish, mushroom broths; okroshka, green cabbage soup; fatty meats (lamb, pork); poultry (duck, goose); liver, kidneys, brains; smoked meats, canned food, most sausages, fried meat; fatty fish (chum salmon, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon); salted, smoked fish, caviar, canned fish. Limit cream, 6% fat milk, fermented baked milk, sour cream, full-fat cottage cheese, fatty and salty cheese. Exclude beef, lamb lard and fats, cooking oil, margarine; fried and hard-boiled eggs; sorrel, radish, radish, green onion, garlic, mushrooms, pickled vegetables, black pepper, horseradish, mustard; ice cream, chocolate, cream products; black coffee, cocoa, cold drinks. Alcohol is completely excluded.

Bread and flour products: wheat bread from first and second grade flour, rye bread from sifted and peeled flour (yesterday's baking); baked savory products with boiled meat and fish, cottage cheese, apples; dry biscuits, dry biscuits, crackers; Cereal puddings and casseroles (buckwheat, oatmeal) - steamed and baked; boiled vermicelli, dumplings, finely chopped pasta, cheesecakes; boiled pasta.

Soups: vegetables, cereals with vegetable broth, dairy with pasta, fruit; Vegetarian borscht and cabbage soup, beetroot soup. Flour and vegetables for dressing are not fried, but dried.

Meat and meat products: lean or low-fat varieties of meat - without tendons (beef, young lean lamb, pork, rabbit, veal), lean varieties of poultry - without skin (chicken, turkey) boiled, baked after boiling, in pieces or chopped, cabbage rolls, pilaf with boiled meat; milk sausages; low-fat sausage, ham.

It is impossible to completely exclude meat from the diet - it contains animal protein that is beneficial for the body, which includes essential amino acids necessary for the liver to synthesize enzymes, hormones, blood elements and to maintain immunity.

Fish: low-fat varieties (pike perch, cod, bream, perch, navaga, silver hake) in chopped form; boiled or steamed (quenelles, meatballs, soufflé).

Milk and dairy products: milk - in its natural form or in dishes (porridge, casseroles, etc.), fermented milk drinks (kefir, acidophilus, yogurt), fresh non-acidic cottage cheese - in its natural form or in casseroles, krupeniki, cheesecakes, lazy dumplings, soufflé, pudding, noodles with cottage cheese. Sour cream is used as a seasoning for dishes.

Cheeses: mild, low-fat cheeses.

Eggs: no more than one egg per day, steamed and baked egg white omelettes; if well tolerated, up to two eggs per day are allowed (soft-boiled; steamed or baked omelettes (prohibited in case of cholelithiasis).

Cereals: any dishes from various cereals, especially buckwheat and oatmeal; pilaf with dried fruits, carrots, puddings with carrots and cottage cheese; Krupeniki. Buckwheat and oatmeal are very useful, since the carbohydrates they contain are converted into fats to a lesser extent; They are rich in fiber and vitamins.

Fats: butter - in its natural form and in dishes, vegetable oils (olive, corn, sunflower).

Vegetables: various vegetables in raw, boiled and baked forms; salads from raw and cooked vegetables and fruits; side dishes, sour sauerkraut; onions after boiling, green pea puree.

Snacks: fresh vegetable salad with vegetable oil, fruit salads, vinaigrettes, squash caviar; jellied fish after boiling; soaked lean herring, stuffed fish, seafood salads (squid, seaweed, scallops, mussels), boiled fish and boiled meat, sausages - doctor's, dairy, diet; lean ham.

Spices: parsley and dill; a small amount of red ground sweet pepper, bay leaf, cinnamon, cloves, vanillin; white sauce with a little sour cream added without toasting the flour; dairy, vegetable, sweet fruit sauces. The flour is not sautéed.

Fruits: various fruits and berries (except sour ones) raw and in dishes; lemon, black currant - if well tolerated; jams, preserves from ripe and sweet berries and fruits; dried fruits, compotes, jelly, jellies, mousses.

Sweet dishes and sweets: marmalade, non-chocolate candies, marshmallows, jam, jam from sweet ripe fruits, honey. However, you should not get carried away with sweet dishes. It is recommended no more than 50-70 g of sugar per day (including sugar contained in sweets, fruits, and confectionery). For older people, this norm is 30-50 g. You can replace some of the sugar with xylitol and sorbitol. People who are prone to obesity should avoid sugar completely.

Beverages: tea, coffee with milk, fruit, berry and vegetable juices. It is recommended to constantly use vitamin decoctions and infusions of rose hips and wheat bran. Infusions and decoctions from special collections of medicinal herbs are recommended to be taken 1/2 cup 2-3 times a day 20-30 minutes before meals, the course is 2-3 months (the break between them is 2-3 weeks).

For the normal functioning of the digestive organs, natural dietary fiber is necessary, which is contained in large quantities in wheat bran, and to a lesser extent in rolled oats, nuts, vegetables, and fruits.

The use of wheat bran is a means of preventing and treating constipation, gallbladder diseases, obesity, and diabetes. In addition, wheat bran is rich in B vitamins and has the ability to neutralize and adsorb toxic substances formed during the digestion process.

Wheat bran can be consumed in its natural form (2-3 tablespoons) or cooked from it.

Preparation of wheat bran: steam 2-3 tablespoons of bran with boiling water and leave for 30 minutes. Divide into four servings and eat throughout the day, adding to soups, borscht, porridge or simply drinking milk. A decoction of bran is very useful, which can be prepared as follows: grind the bran in a coffee grinder, pour boiling water, boil for 10 minutes and leave for several hours (up to a day). Strain the broth, add sugar or xylitol, sorbitol, lemon juice. You can use honey instead of sugar.

Also recommended for this disease are a vitamin drink made from rose hips, an infusion of rose hips, tea from rose hips and black currant berries, tea from rose hips with raisins, tea from rose hips and rowan berries, and a yeast drink.

Sample diet menu No. 5A

1st breakfast: steamed curd soufflé, pureed rice porridge with milk, tea.

2nd breakfast: baked apple with sugar.

Lunch: pureed pearl barley soup with vegetarian vegetables, steamed meat cutlets with carrot puree, jelly.

Afternoon snack: rosehip decoction.

Dinner: steamed fish dumplings with mashed potatoes, semolina casserole with sweet gravy, tea.

At night: kefir.

Sample menu (second option)

On an empty stomach: rosehip decoction - 1 glass.

1st breakfast: vegetable salad - 150 g, buckwheat porridge with butter, milk sausages - 60 g, tea.

2nd breakfast: fresh cheese - 100 g, with milk - 50 g and sugar - 10 g.

Lunch: milk soup with semolina dumplings, steamed meat cutlets, boiled noodles.

Dinner: cheese pudding from low-fat fresh cheese, tea.

Before bed: 1 glass of kefir.

For the whole day: bread - 400 g, butter - 15 g, sugar - 50 g.

Diet dishes for cholecystitis are prepared mainly by steaming or boiling. Baked dishes are acceptable, but fried ones are definitely excluded, since this method of cooking produces substances that irritate the liver, the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines.

During the period of remission, meat, for example, can only be lightly fried after boiling it.

The daily intake of table salt should not exceed 10 g. For the normal functioning of the gallbladder, it is important that animal and plant proteins in food are in optimal proportion.

Puréed food should not be eaten for a long time, but only during an exacerbation.

For chronic cholecystitis, the diet has general recommendations with acute cholecystitis:

1. Meals should be frequent (4-6 times a day), in small portions, optimally eating at the same time. The second breakfast, afternoon snack and second dinner should not be too plentiful.

2. The amount of main food components is the same as in a normal diet: protein 90-100 g, fat 80-100 g, carbohydrates 400 g, daily calorie content 2500-2900 kcal. A distinctive feature is the increase in the content of vegetable oil (olive, sunflower, corn, soybean) to 50% of all fats.

3. Including additional sources of plant fiber in the diet (apples, melon, tomatoes, etc.). It is important to note that in case of chronic cholecystitis, it is extremely undesirable to consume red currants, lingonberries, and legumes. It is useful to carry out courses of taking wheat bran for 4-6 weeks: pour over the bran with boiling water, steam, drain the liquid, add the resulting mass 1-1.5 tablespoons to dishes 3 times a day.

4. Not recommended: spicy, salty, fried foods, dishes with a high content of extractive substances (strong meat and fish broths, egg yolks, vinegar, pepper, mustard, horseradish, fried and stewed dishes); alcoholic drinks and beer; cold and carbonated drinks. Refractory and difficult to digest fats (lard, lard, fatty meats and fish) should be excluded. The combination of alcoholic beverages and fatty foods is especially dangerous.

5. Recommended: dairy, fruit, vegetable soups; lean meats (beef, rabbit, chicken, turkey) and fish (hake, cod, bream, perch, pike perch) boiled or steamed; doctor's sausage, ham, soaked herring; porridge; puddings, casseroles, cheesecakes; boiled vermicelli, noodles, various vegetables, raw, boiled, baked; salads from boiled and raw vegetables and fruits; protein omelettes. Fermented milk products, fresh cottage cheese, lazy dumplings, cottage cheese soufflé, mild cheese (Russian, Yaroslavl). From animal fats, butter is recommended.

6. As seasonings you can use parsley, dill in small quantities, fruit and berry sauces. Vegetables such as radishes, radishes, turnips, onions, garlic, as well as sorrel and spinach are generally not well tolerated and should be avoided.

7. For drinks, you can drink weak tea, fruit, vegetable, and berry juices (but not decoctions of lingonberries or red currants), and rosehip decoction. All drinks must be warm; drinking cold drinks stimulates contractions and may cause pain. Do not drink highly carbonated drinks (Cola, Fanta, Sprite, highly carbonated mineral waters).

If cholecystitis is combined with reduced secretory function of the stomach, then mineral waters should be taken 30 minutes before meals, with increased secretion - 1.5 hours before meals.

If all acute phenomena disappear after 3-4 weeks, the patient can be switched to diet No. 5: the same dishes are allowed, but unprocessed. Rub only stringy meat and vegetables very rich in fiber (cabbage, carrots, beets). Fried foods are excluded. You can serve dishes made from stewed foods, as well as baked ones (after preliminary boiling). The amount of fat in the diet is adjusted to the physiological norm, 1/3 of the fat is given in the form of vegetable oil. Vegetable oil (olive, sunflower, corn) is added to salads, vegetable and cereal side dishes. Along with white bread (200 g), small amounts of sifted rye and wholemeal flour (100 g) are allowed.

Therapeutic nutrition is combined with the prescription of antibacterial therapy, antispasmodics and bed rest.

The importance of therapeutic nutrition in the treatment of patients with liver and gallbladder damage especially increases in cases of chronic cholecystitis. Proper nutrition can provide a long-term state of remission. Violation of the diet, its qualitative and quantitative deviations can cause an exacerbation of the disease. Among the reasons that contribute to the exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis, one of the first places is occupied by the consumption of fatty and spicy foods, alcohol, cold and carbonated drinks, etc. Poor nutrition is also one of the reasons for the transition of acute cholecystitis to chronic.

The diet for patients with chronic cholecystitis outside the period of exacerbation is structured in such a way that its main components have an active effect on the biliary function and prevent bile stagnation. The prescribed diet should also have a stimulating effect on the secretory and motor functions of the intestine. If you are prone to diarrhea, your diet should be adjusted accordingly.

For patients with chronic cholecystitis, frequent split meals are recommended at the same hours, which promotes better outflow of bile. Large amounts of food disrupt the rhythm of bile secretion and cause spasm of the bile ducts. A spasm of the pylorus may occur reflexively, and the normal secretory-motor activity of the intestine is disrupted.

Hence the frequent occurrence of pain and various types of dyspepsia after a heavy meal.

The main dietary requirement for patients with chronic cholecystitis is diet No. 5. It is preferable to administer fats in the form of vegetable oils, primarily because of their good choleretic effect. For chronic cholecystitis occurring with bile stagnation syndrome, it is recommended to increase the fat content in the diet to 100-120 g at the expense of vegetable oils (1/2 of the total amount of fat). This diet option promotes the activation of bile secretion, improves the hepatic-intestinal circulation of the compounds that make up bile, increases its bactericidal properties and intestinal motor function, and promotes the removal of cholesterol from the intestines with feces.

The choleretic effect of vegetable oils may serve as a contraindication to their introduction into the diet of patients with cholelithiasis. In these cases, activation of the functional activity of the biliary system may be accompanied by an attack of biliary colic. For patients of this profile, a diet with the usual ratio of animal and vegetable fat is prescribed.

The issue of introducing eggs into the diet should be decided individually. Eggs are a valuable food product, have an active choleretic effect, enhance the motor function of the gallbladder, and therefore their introduction into the diet of patients with chronic cholecystitis is indicated. At the same time, the presence of these properties provokes pain in some people when consuming eggs, which forces them to limit their introduction into the diet in such cases.

Vegetables, fruits and berries have a stimulating effect on the secretion of bile and other digestive juices and help eliminate constipation. We can recommend carrots, zucchini, tomatoes, cauliflower, grapes, watermelon, strawberries, apples, prunes, etc. Biliary activity is especially enhanced with the simultaneous introduction of vegetables with vegetable oils. Therefore, it is recommended to eat salads with vegetable oil, etc. The diet should contain wheat bran in its pure form or as part of special types of bread.

For cholecystitis that occurs with diarrhea, vegetables and berries are introduced into the diet in the form of juices, preferably diluted in half with water, or in pureed form. In these cases, preference is given to juices containing tannins (blueberries, quince, pomegranates, etc.). Vegetables rich in essential oils (radish, radish, turnip, onion, garlic), as well as oxalic acid (sorrel, spinach), are poorly tolerated by patients due to their irritating effect on the mucous membrane of the digestive tract.

Cholecystitis is quite common among women, especially during pregnancy. Despite the fact that excess weight often leads to gallstones, sudden weight loss can further complicate the course of cholecystitis.

It is also known that cholecystitis is more common among lovers of a low-calorie diet with a predominance of proteins or those who prefer diets that allow them to lose weight in a short time. Prevention of cholecystitis and chronic cholecystitis consists of following a diet, playing sports, exercising, preventing obesity, and treating focal infections.

The best way to prevent the development of cholecystitis is to maintain a normal weight and eat a moderate-calorie, low-fat diet.

• In acute cases of the disease, it is necessary to adhere to the most gentle diet possible (warm drinks, soups, liquid cereals). Eat pureed food (vegetable puree, fruit puddings, mousses, steamed meat cutlets, etc.). After a few days, you can eat boiled meat or fish.
• Include foods rich in fiber (vegetables and fruits, especially sweet ones), whole grains (whole grain bread, brown rice), lean meat (chicken, turkey) or lean fish.
• Choose low-fat dairy products (low-fat cottage cheese, low-fat milk, low-fat yogurt, kefir) and avoid or reduce the consumption of dairy products such as butter, cheeses, cream, ice cream.
• Avoid fried foods and sweets such as donuts, cookies, desserts, cakes, and sodas.
• Avoid spicy and smoked foods, as well as vegetables with a lot of essential oils, such as garlic, onions, radishes, as they are irritating to the digestive system.
• Reduce consumption of coffee and alcoholic beverages. For cholecystitis, fluid intake is indicated, such as weak tea, juices, rosehip decoction, and mineral water without gases.
• Try to stick to 4-5 meals a day in small portions instead of 3 meals a day with large amounts of food. With frequent meals in small portions, fats are better absorbed, which is very important for cholecystitis.
• It is useful to carry out courses of taking wheat bran for 4-6 weeks: pour over the bran with boiling water, steam, drain the liquid, add the resulting mass 1-1.5 tablespoons to dishes 3 times a day.

Often chronic cholecystitis develops against the background of obesity. In this case, it is useful to carry out 1-2 fasting days per week, for which you can use the following diets:

1. Curd and kefir day (900 g of kefir for six doses, 300 g of cottage cheese for three doses and 50-100 g of sugar)

2. Rice-compote day (1.5 liters of compote prepared from 1.5 kg of fresh or 250 g of dry fruit is divided into six doses; rice porridge cooked in water from 50 g of rice is divided into two doses)

3. Watermelon or grape day (2 kg of ripe watermelon or grapes are divided into six doses)

4. Fruit day (1.5-2 kg of ripe apples for six doses). This diet is especially good if you are prone to constipation and putrefactive processes in the intestines.

Disease prevention

Prevention of cholecystitis is a balanced diet, prevention of obesity, and an active lifestyle.

Prevention of chronic cholecystitis consists of following a diet, playing sports, physical education, preventing obesity, and treating focal infections.

Who is at particular risk?

Those people whose bile stagnates in the gallbladder are especially predisposed to the development of cholecystitis. This happens when:

Compression and kinks of the bile ducts; - dyskinesia of the gallbladder and biliary tract; - violations of the tone and motor function of the biliary tract; - endocrine and autonomic disorders; - pathological changes in the digestive system.

Increases bile stagnation:

Starvation; - irregular eating, combined with overeating; - sedentary lifestyle; - habitual constipation; - infections (Escherichia coli, cocci and other pathogens that penetrate from the intestines or are carried through the bloodstream).

In case of chronic cholecystitis, you need to follow the rules of a healthy diet, including frequent split meals.

As for medications, it is advisable to take antispasmodics and drugs containing pancreatin - mezim-forte, pensital, creon, pancitrate. It is useful to take several courses of probiotics - enterol, bifiform, hilak-forte. A daily intake of multivitamin complexes with microelements is required.

Choleretic drugs, including those of herbal origin, are prescribed only after examination of the gallbladder and pancreas.

A bandage is not worn for cholecystitis; it is used only if there is a hernia of the anterior abdominal wall.

What changes occur in the gallbladder as a result of inflammation?

With chronic catarrhal (edematous) inflammation (cholecystitis), the walls of the gallbladder become denser. At the same time, in some areas the epithelium is absent, in others it grows with the formation of small polyps.

The muscular layer of the wall is usually hypertrophied (thickened), and the mucous membrane, on the contrary, is atrophied. The walls of the gallbladder are covered with inflammatory infiltrates, which can lead to the development of ulcers on the mucous membrane, which is then scarred by epithelial cells.

Deposits of calcium salts may occur in certain areas of the gallbladder wall.

The bladder often becomes deformed due to the appearance of adhesions with neighboring organs.

Tsiprolet is a unique drug because pathogens very rarely develop resistance to it. This allows it to be used for the treatment of acute infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by these microorganisms. Let's take a closer look at the features of its action.

Tsiprolet is an antimicrobial drug synthetic origin of fluoroquinolones, which have the following properties:

• Effective against a large number of microbes.
• Easily penetrates various cells and tissues.
• Pathogenic microorganisms, even with long-term use of the drug, do not get used to it.
• They are indifferent to beneficial bacteria, which help the human body in the fight against harmful microflora.

Tsiprolet also has these qualities. Once in the bacterial cell, this drug prevents the formation of enzymes that participate in the reproduction of infectious agents, eliminating them. Currently, it is actively prescribed by doctors for the treatment of various diseases, because there are very few bacteria that are resistant to it.

Basically, doctors prescribe this antibiotic at the very beginning of the disease, or when other drugs have proven ineffective.

To date, four generations of fluoroquinolones have been released. Tsiprolet belongs to the second generation. It perfectly destroys harmful microorganisms such as staphylococci, streptococci, and E. coli.

This drug is first absorbed in the intestines, then enters the blood and tissues, where is the source of inflammation located?. It is excreted from the body along with urine.

Due to its low price and success in treating a wide range of diseases, many people self-prescribe this drug. However, it is worth remembering that the causative agent of the disease may be insensitive to this drug. In addition, there are diseases for which the use of the antibiotic Tsiprolet forbidden or requires caution.

Antibiotic Tsiprolet cannot be accepted in the following cases:

This antibacterial drug very rarely gives side effects, but all the possible troubles are still listed in the instructions.

The pharmaceutical industry produces the antibiotic Tsiprolet in the following forms:

• In the form of a solution for intravenous and intramuscular injections.
• Pills.
• Sterile eye drops.

In which cases injections are indicated:

If the inflammation is mild or moderate in severity, Tsiprolet is prescribed in tablet form. It can be:

• Acute bronchitis.
• Prostatitis, urethritis, cystitis.
• Acute tracheitis.
• Salmonellosis, dysentery, typhoid fever.
• Sinusitis and laryngeal lesions.
• Acute rheumatoid arthritis and arthrosis.
• Lesions of the genitals and larynx as a result of gonorrhea.
• Complicated caries and periodontitis.
• Exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis, bulbitis, cholangitis and duodenitis.

It is advisable to take Tsiprolet in tablet form after meals to achieve greater effect.

Eye drops are prescribed for damage to the mucous membranes of the eyelids and eyes. These may be diseases such as blepharitis and conjunctivitis. In addition, these drops are used after eye surgery to prevent complications. Tsiprolet drops are also prescribed for injuries to the soft tissues of the eye and mucous membranes.

Infectious agents that cause diseases of the upper respiratory tract are sensitive to Tsiprolet. These can be staphylococci, streptococci and other harmful microorganisms. They contribute to the occurrence of sore throat, various forms of pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, and aggravate chronic tonsillitis.

Before prescribing Tsiprolet, the sensitivity of the biological material to this drug is checked. To cure these diseases, it is enough to take antibiotic tablets in a week.

For acute and chronic bronchitis, which occurs in a mild form, Tsiprolet is also used in the form of tablets, but the dosage in this case should be higher.

In order for the therapeutic effect to be better, the antibiotic must be taken on an empty stomach without chewing. It is not advisable to take a drug with it that reduces the acidity of gastric juice. You need to take the tablet with plenty of water.

For severe diseases such as pleurisy, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, and lung abscess, Tsiprolet is used as an injection, administered slowly intravenously twice a day. How long the treatment will last and the dosage of the drug depend on the severity of the disease and the patient’s condition.

Tsiprolet perfectly treats diseases of the genitourinary organs that are infectious and inflammatory in nature, as well as their exacerbation. Such diseases include inflammation of the kidneys and urinary tract, uterus and its appendages, prostate gland, testicles, and abscesses of the pelvic organs. The infection that causes them is sensitive to this antibiotic.

Although this antibacterial drug very effective in this case, doctors still test the biological material for sensitivity to it, and only after that prescribe the drug. For these diseases, Tsiprolet is taken in the form of tablets, however, in severe conditions it is administered intravenously.

Infections of the female genital organs are caused by gonococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria that are very sensitive to this antibiotic, which is why it is prescribed for the treatment of these diseases.

Venereal diseases and sexually transmitted infections are remarkably cured with Tsiprolet. It is not effective only for syphilis and trichomoniasis.

Analogues of Tsiprolet are: alcipro, quintor, microflox, oftocipro, tsiprobay, tsiprinol and other drugs. They are produced by domestic and foreign pharmaceutical companies. In these analogues, the active ingredient is ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone group. They differ from Tsiprolet in cost, which has a fairly wide range.

Analyzing numerous reviews about this drug, we can come to the conclusion that this is a very effective and reliable antibiotic, which helps even with severe illnesses. Medical practice shows that a large number of microorganisms are sensitive to this antibacterial drug, while resistance develops very slowly if treatment is too long and prescriptions are not followed. Tsiprolet is effective where other antibiotics are powerless.

But do not forget that this is a rather serious drug that has a number of contraindications. You should not self-medicate. It is imperative to consult a doctor to avoid sad consequences.

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In this article we will look at antibiotics for inflammation of the gallbladder.

Acute cholecystitis is a pathology that occurs suddenly and is accompanied by an inflammatory lesion in the gallbladder, intense pain in the abdominal area (pain intensifies with palpation of the right hypochondrium), chills and fever, vomiting with bile impurities, the appearance of laboratory markers of nonspecific inflammatory reactions and signs of pathology gallbladder on ultrasound.

The main role in the development of this pathological condition is played by biliary hypertension (impaired outflow of bile associated with obstruction of the gallbladder ducts by calculus, detritus, mucus, Giardia) and infection of the bile fluid. The introduction of infection into the cavity of this organ can be enterogenous, lymphogenous, or hematogenous in nature.

The basis of drug treatment in the acute period is the use of a variety of antispasmodics, antibiotics for inflammation of the gallbladder, NSAIDs, and crystalloid infusion solutions.

Antibiotic therapy for inflammation in the gallbladder is mandatory and helps reduce the likelihood of developing certain complications, including septic ones. Antibiotics for chronic cholecystitis are prescribed at the acute stage, that is, when an acute attack of the disease occurs. During the period of remission of the pathological process, antibacterial treatment is not carried out.

In most cases, cholecystitis is initially associated with a violation of the outflow of bile and its subsequent infection. It should be noted that the bacterial element of inflammation can occur even with initially aseptic cholecystitis. This is explained by the fact that disruption of bile outflow is accompanied by an increase in the concentration of lysolecithin, which damages the mucous membrane of the gallbladder. In this regard, antibiotics for inflammation of this organ are prescribed to patients without fail.

The specialist selects antibiotics for the treatment of cholecystitis taking into account the main infectious agents of the inflammatory process. Thus, they should act on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, etc.

Let's look at antibiotics for gallbladder inflammation.

• beta-lactams (cephalosporins and inhibitor-protected penicillins; in severe cases of the disease, carbapenems can be used);
• macrolides (“Erythromycin”, “Clarithromycin”);
• fluoroquinolones (“Ciprofloxacin”);
• tetracyclines (“Doxycycline”);
• lincosamines (“Clindamycin”);
• nitroimidazole derivatives (“Ornidazole”, “Metronidazole”).

The names of antibiotics for inflammation of the gallbladder are familiar to many.

The drug "Metronidazole" for acute cholecystitis is prescribed in combination with other antibacterial drugs. This medication, like Ornidazole, is not prescribed separately. Nitroimidazoles are used for mixed infections. They are prescribed in addition to the main antibiotic (cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, etc.), which allows to maximize the range of effects of the drug.

The drug "Amoxicillin" for cholecystitis is also prescribed in an inhibitor-protected version (with clavulanic acid). The use of this antibiotic as monotherapy is not recommended due to the high risk of resistance of the infectious pathogen.

For severe acute cholecystitis with a high probability of septic complications, carbapenems are used, for example, Ertapenem. For moderate inflammation of the gallbladder, the use of other beta-lactam antibiotics is recommended: cephalosporins, inhibitor-protected penicillins, aminopenicillins (“Ampicillin”).

The antibacterial drug "Ciprofloxacin" for cholecystitis is prescribed to patients who are intolerant to beta-lactam antibiotics.

Among the cephalosporin antibacterial medications, the following are most often prescribed:

It is not recommended to use the drug “Ceftriaxone” during cholecystitis, since such treatment can provoke stagnation of bile and the formation of stones in the gallbladder.

Patients want to know which antibiotic is most effective for gallbladder inflammation.

For acute cholecystitis, antibacterial therapy is prescribed, as a rule, for five to seven days. In the chronic form of this disease (in the acute stage) or in case of complicated acute inflammation, these medications can be used longer - seven to ten days. Below is a brief overview of the drugs.

This antibiotic for inflammation of the gallbladder belongs to the category of semisynthetic aminopenicillins. The medicine is highly effective for cholecystitis caused by Escherichia coli, Proteus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus.

In high concentrations, this drug accumulates in bile, even with severe cholestasis. The disadvantage of this antibiotic is that it is destroyed by beta-lactamase enzymes of pathogenic bacteria, therefore, if it is assumed that the inflammation is provoked by beta-lactamase-producing strains, it is recommended to use an inhibitor-protected treatment option: Ampicillin + Sulbactam. This antibacterial medication is prescribed 0.5-1 gram intramuscularly every 6 hours. In case of severe disease, the daily dosage can be increased to 6 grams, by 4-6 injections.

This is confirmed by the instructions for the antibiotic for inflammation of the gallbladder.

In children over 6 years of age, the drug is prescribed at 100 mg/kg per day. The daily dosage is also divided into 4-6 injections. For patients with renal dysfunction, the dose is adjusted taking into account the glomerular filtration rate. This antibiotic is contraindicated in patients with mononucleosis, severe kidney and liver diseases, lymphoproliferative pathologies, and beta-lactam intolerance. However, it can be used in the treatment of cholecystitis in pregnant women. If it is necessary to use this remedy during the lactation period, breastfeeding must be temporarily stopped.

Your doctor will tell you what antibiotics to take for gallbladder inflammation.

For cholecystitis of staphylococcal origin, and especially for severe forms provoked by penicillinase-forming strains, a combination of substances is used - ampicillin and oxacillin. The latter belongs to the penicillin group, but unlike ampicillin, it is not destroyed by bacterial enzymes. The list of contraindications to the use of such an antibiotic includes lymphocytic leukemia, high sensitivity, and infectious mononucleosis. In childhood, this medical product can be used after 3 years of age, during pregnancy - after assessing the balance of benefits and risks, during lactation - feeding is stopped. For children over 14 years of age and adults, the medicine “Oxamp” is prescribed 500-1000 mg 4 times a day. Children over 7 years old - at a dosage of 50 mg per kilogram of body weight per day.

What other antibiotic can be used for inflammation of the gallbladder?

This antibacterial drug belongs to the category of first generation cephalosporin antibiotics. This medicine is highly active against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, including all the main causative agents of gallbladder inflammation.

The drug is contraindicated in patients prone to allergic reactions to beta-lactams and in children under 1 month of age. During pregnancy, an antibiotic can be prescribed only when the expected benefit is higher than the possible risk.

For adult patients with cholecystitis, the drug Cefazolin is prescribed 500-1000 mg twice a day. If the disease is severe, the antibiotic may be prescribed in higher doses, but the decision on this is made only by the doctor. In childhood, the medicine is prescribed at 25-50 mg/kg per day. The daily dose is divided into 3-4 injections. In severe cases of pathology, the daily volume of medication can increase to 100 mg per kilogram of weight.

Antibiotics for inflammation of the gallbladder and ducts can be purchased at any pharmacy.

This antibiotic belongs to the category of fluoroquinolones and is a drug with the widest spectrum of antibacterial activity. In high concentrations, it is able to accumulate in bile and affect all the most common pathogens during the inflammatory process of this organ.

"Ciprofloxacin" during the development of cholecystitis is not used if the patient has allergies or other contraindications to the use of beta-lactam antibiotics. The dosage for adult patients is 0.5 – 0.75 g twice a day.

Like other fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin is not used in the treatment of children under 18 years of age, as well as during pregnancy and lactation. In addition, this drug is contraindicated in patients with glucose-six-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, severe functional pathologies of the kidneys and liver, inflammation of the tendons, and intolerance to fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents. With extreme caution, the medication can be prescribed to people with pathologies of the central nervous system, mental disorders, cerebral circulation, and elderly patients.

It is important to find out in advance which antibiotics to take for gallbladder inflammation.

This antibiotic belongs to the category of nitroimidazole derivatives, and is additionally prescribed to the main antibacterial therapy if a combined aerobic-anaerobic infection is suspected.

This medication is not prescribed to women in the first trimester of pregnancy, to patients with central nervous system pathologies, severe liver damage, or blood diseases. In the second and third trimesters, the medicine can be prescribed only when absolutely necessary. Breastfeeding is stopped for the duration of therapy. For any type of cholecystitis, the pharmacological antibacterial agent Metronidazole is prescribed in a dosage of 0.5 g intravenously every 6 hours. For children, this antibiotic is prescribed at 7.5 mg per kilogram with the same frequency of administration intravenously.

Treatment of gallbladder inflammation with antibiotics should be comprehensive and timely.

Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug that is active against many bacteria that can cause cholecystitis. It is prescribed not independently, but with complex antibacterial treatment.

This medication has a very extensive list of contraindications, which includes pathologies such as porphyria, leukopenia, severe liver failure, hypersensitivity to tetracycline, lactation, pregnancy and age under 8 years. In addition, the drug can cause many adverse reactions: nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, dizziness, anorexia, edema, skin rash, sweating, eosinophilia, photosensitivity, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, hemolytic anemia, development of intestinal dysbiosis, thrush, discoloration of teeth.

Cholecystitis involves taking this antibiotic at a dosage of 200 mg, followed by a dose reduction to 10 mg per day for 10-14 days.

Everyone should know what antibiotics to take for gallbladder inflammation.

This medication is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, produced in various dosage forms for the treatment of infectious pathologies, including cholecystitis. The medicine is widely used in pediatrics. Contraindications to its use are hypersensitivity, impaired liver or kidney function, myasthenia gravis, bronchial asthma, ulcerative colitis. The dosage for adults is 150-450 mg - 10 days. The pediatric dose is calculated by the doctor individually.

This is what it says in the instructions for use for the antibiotic for inflammation of the gallbladder. Such therapy for cholecystitis is aimed at achieving the following effects:

• normalization of bile outflow;
• reducing the severity of inflammatory reactions;
• elimination of the infectious component;
• detoxification.

On forums on the Internet you can find many reviews regarding the tactics of treating gallbladder inflammation. The main direction of treatment, according to patients who suffered from this disease, is the use of antibacterial medications. The selection of a treatment regimen is carried out by a specialist. At the same time, according to patients, the doctor takes into account the entire range of laboratory tests to identify the causes of the development of the pathological process, takes into account the type of infectious pathogen, etc. Antibiotics in most cases are prescribed in combination, but sometimes only one of them can be prescribed. This depends on the stage of the disease, its characteristics and severity.

Most often, judging by information from reviews, patients were prescribed antibiotics for inflammation of the gallbladder and liver, such as cephalosporins and penicillins. These medications were well tolerated by many patients, but there are indications of some side effects. For example, most patients experienced dizziness, dyspeptic disorders, and bowel disorders in the form of constipation or diarrhea. Drugs were discontinued only in cases of severe adverse reactions and when allergic phenomena occurred.

We looked at what antibiotics are prescribed for inflammation of the gallbladder.

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Acute cholecystitis is a sudden pathology accompanied by:

• inflammatory damage to the gallbladder;
• intense abdominal pain, intensifying during palpation of the right hypochondrium;
• fever and chills;
• vomiting mixed with bile;
• the appearance of laboratory markers of nonspecific inflammatory reactions and signs of gallbladder damage on ultrasound.

The leading role in the development of inflammation of the gallbladder is played by biliary hypertension (impaired outflow of bile associated with obstruction of the gallbladder duct with stones, mucus, detritus, Giardia) and infection of bile. The introduction of infection into the gallbladder can be hematogenous, lymphogenous or enterogenous.

The basis of drug therapy in the acute period will be the use of antispasmodics (normalization of bile outflow), antibiotics (to eliminate the infectious component), NSAIDs (reducing the severity of the inflammatory reaction, reducing swelling and pain relief), and infusion crystalloid solutions.

Treatment with antibiotics for inflammation of the gallbladder is mandatory and helps reduce the risk of developing septic complications.

Antibiotics for chronic cholecystitis are prescribed during the period of exacerbation, that is, during an acute attack. During the remission phase of the disease, antibacterial therapy is not carried out.

• acute and chronic;
• complicated and uncomplicated;
• calculous and non-calculous.

In most cases, inflammation is initially associated with a violation of the outflow of bile and its infection. It should be noted that the bacterial component of inflammation occurs even with initially aseptic cholecystitis. This is due to the fact that a violation of the outflow of bile is accompanied by an increase in the concentration of lysolecithin, which damages the mucous membrane of the gallbladder. Therefore, antibiotics for inflammation of the gallbladder are mandatory.

Antibiotics for cholecystitis are selected taking into account the main causative agents of inflammation. That is, they must act on E. coli, Klebsiella, pseudomonas, staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci, etc.

The main groups of drugs that are most effective for cholecystitis will be:

• beta-lactams (inhibitor-protected penicillins and cephalosporins; in severe cases, carbapenems can be used);
• fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin ®);
• macrolides (clarithromycin ®, erythromycin ®);
• lincosamines (clindamycin ®);
• tetracyclines (doxycycline ®);
• nitroimidazole derivatives (metronidazole ®, ornidazole ®).

Metronidazole ® for acute cholecystitis is prescribed in combination with other antibiotics. This drug, like ornidazole ®, is not prescribed separately. Nitroimidazoles are used for mixed infections. Prescribing them to the main antibiotic (fluoroquinolone ®, cephalosporin ®, etc.) allows you to maximize the spectrum of action of the drug.

Amoxicillin ® for cholecystitis is also used in an inhibitor-protected version (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid). The use of this antibiotic in its pure form is not recommended due to the high risk of pathogen resistance.

In severe acute cholecystitis with a high risk of septic complications, carbapenems - ertapenem - are used. For moderate inflammation of the gallbladder, it is recommended to use other beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibitor-protected penicillins, aminopenicillins (ampicillin is recommended for acute cholecystitis) or cephalosporins.

Ciprofloxacin ® for cholecystitis is prescribed to patients with intolerance to beta-lactam antibiotics.

The following cephalosporin drugs are indicated for use:

Ceftriaxone ® is not recommended for use in cholecystitis, since it can lead to stagnation of bile and provoke the development of stones in the gallbladder.

For acute cholecystitis, antibacterial therapy is usually prescribed for five to seven days.

Antibiotics for chronic cholecystitis (in the acute stage) or for complicated acute inflammation can be prescribed for seven to ten days.

The drug belongs to the semisynthetic aminopenicillins. Amycillin ® is highly effective against cholecystitis caused by Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Proteus, staphylococci and streptococci. The drug accumulates in bile in high concentrations, even in severe cholestasis. The disadvantages of the antibiotic include the fact that it is completely destroyed by bacterial enzymes beta-lactamases, therefore, if it is suspected that the inflammation is caused by beta-lactamase-producing strains, it is recommended to prescribe an inhibitor-protected version: ampicillin + sulbactam.

Ampicillin ® is prescribed intramuscularly at 0.5-1 grams every 6 hours. In severe cases, the daily dosage can be increased to six grams, divided into 4-6 injections.

For children over 6 years of age, the drug is prescribed at 100 mg/kg per day. The daily dose is divided into 4-6 injections.

For patients with renal dysfunction, the dosage is adjusted according to the glomerular filtration rate.

The antibiotic is contraindicated in patients with mononucleosis, lymphoproliferative diseases, severe kidney and liver dysfunction, and beta-lactam intolerance.

Ampicillin can be prescribed to pregnant women. If it is necessary to use the product during breastfeeding, breastfeeding should be temporarily stopped.

For severe staphylococcal cholecystitis caused by penicillinase-forming strains, a combination of ampicillin and oxacillin is used. Oxacillin ® also belongs to the penicillin series, but unlike ampicillin, it is not destroyed by bacterial enzymes.

For adults and children over 14 years of age, Oxamp ® is prescribed 500-1000 milligrams four times a day. Patients over seven years of age are prescribed 50 milligrams per kilogram per day.

Contraindications to the use of antibiotics are similar to those for the use of ampicillin.

The drug belongs to the first generation cephalosporin antibiotics. Cefazolin ® is highly active against a wide range of microorganisms, including all major causative agents of cholecystitis.

The drug is contraindicated in patients with allergies to beta-lactams and in patients younger than 1 month of life. An antibiotic may be prescribed to pregnant women if the expected benefit outweighs the possible risk.

For adults, Cefazolin ® is prescribed 500-1000 milligrams twice a day. In severe cases, the antibiotic can be used one gram three times a day.

Children are prescribed 25-50 mg/kg per day. The daily dose is divided into three to four administrations. In severe cases of the disease, the daily dose can increase to one hundred milligrams per kilogram.

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic with a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity. The antibiotic accumulates in high concentrations in the bile and acts on all the main causative agents of inflammation of the gallbladder.

Ciprofloxacin ® for cholecystitis is used if the patient has allergies or other contraindications to the use of beta-lactam antibiotics.

Ciprofloxacin ® is prescribed in a dose of 0.5 to 0.75 grams twice a day.

Like all fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin ® is not prescribed to children under 18 years of age, women carrying a child or breastfeeding, patients with glucose-six-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, severe kidney and liver dysfunction, as well as intolerance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics or tendon inflammation associated with history of taking these drugs.

With extreme caution, the drug can be prescribed to patients with pathologies of the central nervous system and mental disorders, cerebrovascular accident (cerebrovascular accident), and elderly patients.

Nitroimidazole derivatives are prescribed in addition to the main antibiotic if a mixed aerobic-anaerobic infection is suspected.

The drug is not prescribed to patients in the first trimester of pregnancy, patients with diseases of the central nervous system, blood, or severe liver damage.

In the second and third trimester, metronidazole ® can be used if absolutely necessary. Natural feeding is stopped for the duration of treatment.

For cholecystitis, metronidazole ® is prescribed 0.5 grams intravenously every six hours.

For children, antibiotics are prescribed at 7.5 milligrams per kilogram every 6 hours.

We bring to your attention an excellent video of a TV show with E. Malysheva about cholecystitis:

To reduce the intensity of pain, an ice pack is placed on the area of ​​the right hypochondrium. The use of heating pads is strictly prohibited. Since heating increases blood flow, accelerates the progression of the inflammatory process and the development of destructive damage to the gallbladder.

Drug therapy for acute cholecystitis is aimed at:

• normalization of bile outflow (use of anticholinergics and antispasmodics);
• reducing the severity of the inflammatory reaction (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs);
• destruction of the infectious component (antibacterial therapy);
• detoxification (infusion therapy).

According to indications, antiemetics (metoclopramide) and aluminum-containing antacids aimed at binding bile acids can be used.

To reduce bile thickening, the use of ursodeoxycholic acid is highly effective.

Indications for surgical intervention in acute non-calculous cholecystitis are the development of complications or a severe course in the absence of effect from drug therapy.

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As you know, most diseases are caused by bacteria. Nowadays, it is impossible to do without the use of antibacterial agents - antibiotics and antimicrobials.

“Tsiprolet” is very popular among doctors, which is prescribed to combat various infections. However, patients often have a question about whether Tsiprolet is an antibiotic or not. The confusion stems from the fact that different sources define it differently. So let's figure it out.

In fact, there is no clear answer to this question. There is still controversy over which group of medications fluoroquinolones should be classified as. Their action is aimed at disrupting the DNA synthesis of the microorganism and its further death. Moreover, these substances are active against microorganisms that are both at rest and in the reproduction stage. Their spectrum of action is aimed at destroying gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, which makes it possible to use them for various infectious diseases. This is the main similarity between fluoroquinolones and antibiotics.

However, both substances differ from each other in chemical structure and origin. Unlike antibiotics, which are a product of natural origin or a synthetic analogue thereof, fluoroquinolones have no analogues in nature. Therefore, the question of whether “Tsiprolet” is an antibiotic or not is very controversial.

“Tsiprolet,” as mentioned above, is an antibacterial agent of artificial origin. The active ingredient is ciprofloxacin from the group of fluoroquinolones, which have the following properties:

• have a detrimental effect on most microbes;
• easily penetrate into the cells and tissues of the body;
• with long-term use does not cause addiction to pathogenic organisms;
• do not cause qualitative or quantitative damage to vaginal and intestinal microflora.

All these qualities are characteristic of Tsiprolet. When the drug enters a bacterial cell, it prevents the formation of enzymes that take part in the reproduction of infectious pathogens, after which the microbial cells die. Nowadays, the drug is prescribed for the treatment of many diseases, since it has a wide spectrum of action and only some bacteria show resistance to it. Basically, "Tsiprolet" is used at the initial stage of the disease or in cases where other drugs have proven to be ineffective.

Today there are 4 generations of fluoroquinolones. "Tsiprolet" (antibiotic) belongs to the 2nd generation. It effectively fights harmful bacteria such as E. coli, staphylococci and streptococci. The drug is well and quickly absorbed in the intestines, after which it enters the blood, along with which it enters tissues, organs and bones. It leaves the body mainly with urine, and the rest with feces and bile.

Due to its affordable price and high effectiveness, many patients prescribe antibiotics on their own. But here it is important to understand that the pathogen may not always be sensitive to it. In addition, Tsiprolet has its own contraindications, so it should be taken with caution for certain diseases.

"Tsiprolet" (antibiotic) is intended for the treatment of various infectious diseases caused by bacteria sensitive to the active substance (ciprofloxacin).

• The drug is prescribed for acute respiratory infections, namely chronic bronchitis, abscess, pneumonia, empyema and infectious pleurisy.
• It is also used to treat inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and bladder. Small doses of the drug can get rid of cystitis and eliminate the inflammatory process in the kidneys.
• Quite often it is used to combat infections that cause gynecological and urological ailments, including infections that are transmitted through sexual contact.
• “Tsiprolet” (we reviewed the composition of the drug) allows for effective therapy in the field of surgery. Thus, it is widely used in the treatment of abscesses, carbuncles, boils, mastitis and other infectious diseases of the skin and soft tissues.
• An antibiotic is also indicated to eliminate infections of the ENT organs.
• It is also used for inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity (peritonitis, abscess).
• For infections of bones and joints (acute and chronic osteomyelitis, purulent arthritis).
• For infectious eye diseases such as keratitis, conjunctivitis, blepharitis and others. In this case, Tsiprolet drops are used.
• In order to prevent purulent infections, the drug is prescribed after surgical operations.

"Tsiprolet" (antibiotic), like any drug, has contraindications.

Its use is prohibited for women during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Also, children under 18 years of age should not take Tsiprolet. The ban is explained by the fact that during this period their skeleton is actively formed. In extreme cases, Tsiprolet may be prescribed to children over 15 years of age, but in this case, constant medical supervision is necessary.

Patients who have circulatory disorders, cerebral atherosclerosis, epilepsy and mental disorders take the medicine only after an examination.

It is not advisable to take Tsiprolet for people with kidney and liver pathologies.

Absolutely all antibiotics have side effects, and Tsiprolet is no exception. All possible negative consequences are described in the instructions for the drug. The main ones are:

• fainting and depression, migraine, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, increased sweating, increased intracranial pressure, tremors of the limbs, hallucinations;
• gastrointestinal irritation, which is accompanied by loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain;
• allergic reactions;
• development of anemia, leukocytosis, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmia, drop in blood pressure;
• in patients with severe diseases of the central nervous system, the drug can cause impaired coordination of movements and reduce psychomotor reactions.

The pharmaceutical industry presents “Tsiprolet” (antibiotic) in three forms:

For inflammation of mild to moderate severity, the drug “Tsiprolet” is prescribed in tablets. The instructions for the tablet recommend taking it in case of acute bronchitis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, and genital infections.

Also, taking the drug in this form is carried out for acute tracheitis, sinusitis and lesions of the larynx.

Antibiotic tablets treat rheumatoid arthritis and arthrosis in the acute stage. In addition, the instructions for the drug “Tsiprolet” recommend using the tablet as a medicine used in cases of dysentery, salmonellosis and typhoid fever, as well as for exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis, duodenitis and cholangitis.

The drug is taken in tablet form for the treatment of complicated caries and periodontitis.

The dosage is determined depending on the type of infection, the complexity of the disease, the age, weight and health of the patient.

So, for infectious diseases of the kidneys, urinary and respiratory tract of moderate severity, take 250 mg of antibiotic twice a day. In more complex cases, the dose of the drug is 500 mg twice a day.

Gonorrhea is treated with a single dose of Tsiprolet in a dosage of mg.

Gynecological diseases, enteritis and colitis with high fever and severe course, prostatitis, osteomyelitis require a double dose of 500 mg per day.

In order to achieve maximum effect, it is recommended to take antibiotic tablets before meals with a sufficient amount of water. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the disease. It is important to note that the drug must be taken for at least 2 days after the symptoms disappear. As a rule, the treatment course lasts 7-10 days.

The injectable form of the drug is prescribed in more serious cases. “Tsiprolet” in injections is used for adnexitis, abdominal abscesses, sepsis, pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis, severe upper respiratory tract infections.

Injections are used only in hospital settings. The required doses are selected by the attending physician taking into account weight, age, severity of the disease and concomitant diseases.

The instructions for the drug describe it as a drug that is prescribed for infectious and inflammatory processes affecting the organs of vision. These include: conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis.

In addition, the instructions recommend using “Tsiprolet” (drops) as a prophylaxis after eye surgery, which helps prevent possible complications.

Also, an antibiotic in the form of drops is used to prevent secondary infection in the event of an eye injury or ingestion of a foreign body.

Treatment depends on the severity of the inflammatory process. For moderate infections, it is recommended to apply 2 drops every 4 hours. More severe cases require hourly instillation. The duration of therapy ranges from 4 to 14 days.

Many people are interested in the question of whether it is possible to combine an antibiotic with alcohol. As you know, alcoholic drinks, especially in large doses, are themselves a dangerous poison that can cause serious damage to the liver. The instructions for the drug state that sometimes “Tsiprolet” can cause hepatitis as a side effect. This is explained by the fact that the antibiotic has a hepatotoxic effect. Therefore, it is quite natural that “Tsiprolet” and alcohol are incompatible, since the liver will suffer doubly. And this, in turn, can result in quite severe diseases of the organ. In addition, under the influence of alcohol, the drug works less effectively, as a result of which the microbes that Tsiprolet is obliged to destroy continue to live and recovery does not occur.

Another reason to avoid taking antibiotics and alcohol at the same time is that both substances, when combined, negatively affect coordination of movements and depress the central nervous system, provoking the possible onset of coma.

What analogues does Tsiprolet have? There are many substitute drugs for antibiotics, which are produced by both domestic and foreign pharmacological companies. Like “Tsiprolet”, the analogues also contain the active substance ciprofloxacin, which is a member of the group of fluoroquinolones. Today, the following drugs have a similar effect: Ciprofloxacin, Ciprobay, Tsiprinol, Quintor, Microflox, Alcipro, Oftocipro and others. Their difference lies in the price, which varies over a fairly wide range.

Based on numerous reviews of the drug, we can conclude that it is a fairly reliable and effective remedy that can help even in the most severe cases. As medical practice shows, many microorganisms are sensitive to Tsiprolet. The drug works where other antibiotics fail. However, we must not forget that, like all antibiotics, Tsiprolet has some contraindications. Therefore, in order not to cause serious damage to health, it is better not to self-medicate, but to consult a doctor.

Is the drug Tsiprolet an antibiotic or not? Pharmacological characteristics and instructions for use

Few people realize that an impressive number of modern diseases are caused by various microorganisms.

It is difficult to imagine modern medicine without antibacterial drugs - antibiotic drugs and artificial antimicrobial drugs.

Today, the question is considered relevant: is Tsiprolet, in demand in the treatment of all kinds of infectious diseases, an antibiotic or not? The answer can be found in this article.

They have been known since the beginning of the last century, when Penicillin was first discovered and quite successfully used in practice.

It was from that very moment that the entire vast industry for the production of antibiotic drugs began to develop.

Around the mid-twentieth century, synthetic antimicrobial drugs in the quinolone category were created. In addition to a high degree of effectiveness, they had a large number of side effects.

A little later, around the mid-eighties of the last century, fluorine was added to the drug formula to reduce the large number of undesirable effects from their use and increase the range of effects. This is how fluoroquinolones were obtained, to which Tsiprolet is classified.

It is important to be able to distinguish between such different concepts as antibiotics and antibacterial compounds. The latter is a generalized name for a group of medications that have antimicrobial activity, which also includes antibiotics and antimicrobial drugs.

But as for substances that inhibit the growth of living organisms, they are exclusively of natural origin (like the well-known Penicillin). Drugs that are used to fight microbes are synthesized artificially from certain compounds and have no analogues in nature (for example, fluoroquinolones).

It belongs to the second generation fluoroquinolones. It also has a number of specific qualities that make it possible to use it for a large number of infectious diseases of various types.

Tsiprolet has the following pharmacological characteristics:

1. has a powerful bactericidal effect and blocks DNA synthesis of many microorganisms. This mechanism of action can be called unique, since bacteria are completely deprived of the ability to develop resistance to it. Resistance to fluoroquinolones is extremely rare;
2. the active ingredient of the drug has a strong effect on a large number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as on intracellular pathogens;
3. a few hours after administration, the first positive changes in the body’s condition can be noted. The highest concentrations of the drug are observed approximately one and a half hours after its ingestion. It is completely eliminated in exactly six hours;
4. the content of the active ingredient of this medicine, which is necessary to eliminate all pathogenic bacteria that have entered the body, is maintained for twelve hours. It is for this reason that it is recommended to use it twice a day;
5. unlike other antibiotics, this drug does not provoke the occurrence of diseases such as intestinal or vaginal dysbiosis;
6. has increased effectiveness against certain infections, the pathogens of which are resistant to other bacterial drugs.

Tsiprolet 500 – an antibiotic or not? Since the drug is not an antibiotic, its use should be taken seriously. It is important to note that only the attending physician can prescribe it.

It is prescribed by the attending physician to the patient if the causative agent of a particular infection is hypersensitive to it, as well as as empirical monotherapy. The practical form of release in the form of tablets and suspension for injection makes it possible to use it in a medical facility and for treatment at home.

It is highly effective against infectious diseases such as:

• bronchitis, tracheitis and pneumonia;
• diseases of the urinary system;
• sinusitis, sore throat;
• cholangitis, cholecystitis;
• ailments associated with infections in joints and bones;
• diseases that affect the skin.

It is prescribed in the form of injections for dangerous forms of various infectious diseases.

In ophthalmic practice, Tsiprolet is used as eye drops. It is prescribed for certain inflammatory ailments associated with the eyeballs, as well as for preparation for future surgery.

The list of contraindications includes: pregnancy, breastfeeding, childhood and adolescence.

It should also be used with special caution by sick elderly people, as well as people suffering from epilepsy and seizures, heart and vascular diseases, and brain damage due to the threat of side effects from the central nervous system.

During treatment with the drug, proper hydration is necessary to prevent possible crystalluria.

This tablet drug should be taken only orally, and in no case should it be chewed in the mouth. Each tablet should be washed down well with purified water. It can be drunk regardless of food intake. Using it on an empty stomach guarantees the greatest effectiveness, since the active substance is better absorbed this way.

The instructions for use accompanying the antibiotic Tsiprolet indicate the following approximate dosages:

1. for uncomplicated infections of the genitourinary system, approximately 90 mg is used twice a day;
2. for complicated infectious diseases (depending on the severity) - 190 mg twice a day;
3. other diseases mg twice daily;
4. acute gonorrhea and uncomplicated cystitis - a single dose of 180 mg intravenously;
5. for infectious diseases of the urinary tract, including acute uncomplicated gonorrhea, this drug is recommended to be administered intravenously at 90 mg twice a day;
6. for diseases of the respiratory tract that were caused by various microorganisms, you need to administer it 400 mg twice a day;
7. for other infections - pomg twice a day.

Depending on the severity of the disease, the option of taking the tablet form of the drug orally should be considered.

It is advisable not to interrupt treatment for three days after the body temperature has normalized or all pronounced signs have completely disappeared. The course of treatment with this drug is approximately two weeks.

In certain cases, the following undesirable reactions of the body are noted:

• tachycardia, migraine and fainting;
• nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract, unbearable pain in the abdomen, bloating, lack of appetite;
• dizziness, headache, insomnia, lack of sleep, sweating, lack of coordination, convulsions, persistent feelings of fear, nightmares at night, depression, hallucinations, visual disturbances and tinnitus;
• thrombocytopenia, extremely rarely - leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, hemolytic anemia;
• skin rashes, itching, anaphylactic shock, nephritis, hepatitis.

In case of particularly acute reactions of the body to the active substance of the drug, you should stop taking it. If this is not done, you may face more dangerous and unforeseen consequences.

At the moment, a specific antidote is unknown. Basic first aid measures are recommended, as well as hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

The simultaneous use of Tsiprolet and drugs that affect the acidity of gastric juice reduces the absorption of the active substance. It is because of this that the medication must be taken several hours before meals or four hours after that.

This can be answered unequivocally - in the medical literature it is often called such, which is completely untrue.

Despite the fact that the drug has high antibacterial activity and is often used to treat various diseases of an infectious nature, it is not an antibiotic.

At the moment it is known that Tsiprolet has no analogues of natural origin. This is the main reason why it is incorrect to call it an antibiotic. To be more precise, Tsiprolet is a strong antimicrobial drug.

The price for the antibiotic Tsiprolet is rubles, if we talk about 250 mg tablets, for drops and solution for infusion the cost is the same. But the price for the antibiotic Tsiprolet 500 is about rubles.

You should not self-medicate and take it yourself, because it is prescribed only by your doctor. Otherwise, you may encounter unpleasant consequences that can lead to serious complications.

What are the reviews about the antibiotic Tsiprolet? Answer in video:

Since the Tsiprolet group of antibiotics has a large number of contraindications and side effects, their use should be taken seriously. Tsiprolet is not an antibiotic, but is able to cope with various infectious diseases, which makes it universal and unique in its kind.

During treatment with Tsiprolet, you don’t have to worry about the appearance of intestinal dysbiosis and candidiasis, since it is not included in the category of antibiotic drugs and, accordingly, does not pose any danger to the microflora of the mucous membranes of the human genitourinary system.

Cholecystitis is an inflammatory disease of the gallbladder.

Acute cholecystitis develops over several hours or days. The most common cause of acute cholecystitis is blockage of the cystic duct (the channel through which bile flows from the gallbladder) with a gallstone.

There are catarrhal and destructive (purulent) forms of acute cholecystitis. Destructive forms include phlegmonous, phlegmonous ulcerative, diphtheritic and gangrenous cholecystitis.

Chronic cholecystitis can occur independently or result from acute cholecystitis. Depending on the characteristics of the morphological picture, it can be catarrhal and purulent.

In chronic catarrhal cholecystitis, the wall of the gallbladder is dense, atrophy of the mucous membrane and hypertrophy of the muscle layer are noted. Microscopically, numerous macrophages containing cholesterol are detected under the epithelium, as well as lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates in the sclerotic stroma. Exacerbations are accompanied by vascular congestion, swelling of the gallbladder wall, and infiltration of it with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In some cases, thickening and polypoid changes in the folds of the mucous membrane and diffuse infiltration of the wall with lipids are observed; the epithelium is absent in some areas, while in others it grows with the formation of small polyps. There are a large number of xanthoma cells in the stroma and submucosal layer.

In chronic purulent cholecystitis, the inflammatory process covers all layers of the gallbladder wall, which leads to its sclerosis. Pseudodiverticula and microabscesses form in the thickness of the wall, causing exacerbations of the process. The mucous membrane is atrophied, thickened, with ulcerations, under which inflammatory infiltrates are detected among strands of fibrous tissue and hypertrophied muscle fibers. Gradually, the gallbladder becomes deformed, causing the formation of adhesions with neighboring organs (pericholecystitis). The serous membrane in places free from adhesions has the appearance of glaze. In distant cases, the bubble is a sclerotic deformed sac filled with stones and pus; it loses its functions, turning into a focus of chronic infection.

The causative agents of the disease in most cases are microbes (Escherichia coli, streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci) that enter the gallbladder from the intestine through the bile ducts. The occurrence and development of the disease is facilitated by: gastritis (the secretory activity of the stomach decreases), cholelithiasis (the outflow of bile is impaired), dyskinesia (impaired motor activity of the gallbladder and biliary tract), and so on.

Penetration of microbial flora into the gallbladder occurs by enterogenous, hematogenous or lymphogenous routes. A predisposing factor in the occurrence of cholecystitis is stagnation of bile in the gallbladder, which can be caused by gallstones, compression and kinks of the bile ducts, dyskinesia of the gallbladder and biliary tract, disturbances in the tone and motor function of the biliary tract under the influence of various emotional stress, endocrine and autonomic disorders, reflexes from pathologically altered organs of the digestive system.

Stagnation of bile in the gallbladder is also facilitated by prolapse of the viscera, pregnancy, a sedentary lifestyle, rare meals, etc. The direct impetus for an outbreak of the inflammatory process in the gallbladder is often overeating, especially the intake of very fatty and spicy foods, the intake of alcoholic beverages, and an acute inflammatory process in another organ (angina, pneumonia, adnexitis, etc.). Chronic cholecystitis can occur after acute cholecystitis, but more often it develops independently and gradually, against the background of cholelithiasis, gastritis with secretory insufficiency, chronic pancreatitis and other diseases of the digestive system, obesity.

Characterized by a dull, aching pain in the right hypochondrium that is constant or occurs 1-3 hours after eating a large and especially fatty and fried meal. The pain radiates upward, to the area of ​​the right shoulder and neck, right shoulder blade.

Periodically, sharp pain resembling biliary colic may occur. Dyspeptic symptoms are common: a feeling of bitterness and a metallic taste in the mouth, belching of air, nausea, flatulence, defecation disorders (often alternating constipation and diarrhea), as well as irritability and insomnia. Jaundice is not typical.

When palpating the abdomen, as a rule, sensitivity and sometimes severe pain in the projection of the gallbladder onto the anterior abdominal wall and slight muscular resistance of the abdominal wall (resistance) are determined. The liver is somewhat enlarged with a dense and painful edge on palpation due to complications of chronic cholecystitis (chronic hepatitis, cholangitis).

Prevention of chronic cholecystitis consists of following a diet, playing sports, physical education, preventing obesity, and treating focal infections.

During exacerbations of chronic cholecystitis, patients are hospitalized in surgical or therapeutic hospitals and treated as for acute cholecystitis. If conservative treatment fails and frequent exacerbations occur, surgical treatment of chronic cholecystitis is performed (usually cholecystectomy).

Outpatient treatment is possible. Prescribe bed rest, dietary nutrition (diet No. 5a), with meals 4-6 times a day, antibiotics (oletethrin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin orally or glycocycline, monomycin, etc. parenterally). Sulfonamide drugs (sulfadimezine, sudfapyridazine, etc.) are also prescribed.

To eliminate biliary dyskinesia

To eliminate biliary dyskinesia, spastic pain, improve bile outflow, antispasmodic and anticholinergic drugs are prescribed (papaverine hydrochloride, no-spa, atropine sulfate, platiphylline hydrotartrate, etc.), and in case of mild exacerbations and during the period of subsidence of inflammatory phenomena, duodenal intubation (after 1- 2 days, 8-12 procedures per course) or so-called blind, or probeless, tubes with magnesium sulfate or warm mineral water (Essentuki No. 17, etc.).

For severe inflammatory pain

Amidopyrine or analgin is used intramuscularly, perinephric novocaine blockades, novocaine ml 0.25-0.5% solution is injected intradermally over the area of ​​maximum pain, or electrophoresis with novocaine is prescribed to this area. During the period of subsidence of the inflammatory process, thermal physiotherapeutic procedures can be prescribed to the area of ​​the right hypochondrium (diathermy, UHF, inductothermy, etc.).

To improve the flow of bile

To improve the outflow of bile from the gallbladder, both during exacerbations and during remissions, choleretic drugs are widely prescribed: allochol (2 tablets 3 times a day), cholenzyme (1 tablet 3 times a day), decoction (10:250) of flowers sandy immortelle (1/2 cup 2-3 times a day before meals); decoction or infusion of corn silk (10:200, 1-3 tablespoons 3 times a day) or their liquid extract (drops 3 times a day); choleretic tea (brew one tablespoon with 2 cups of boiling water, take the strained infusion 1/2 cup 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals); cyclone, nicodine, etc., as well as olimetine, rovahol, enatine (0.5-1 g in capsules 3-5 times a day) and holagol (5 drops for sugar 30 minutes before meals 3 times a day). These drugs have antispasmodic, choleretic, nonspecific anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects. For a mild attack of biliary colic, Cholagol is prescribed 20 drops per dose.

Treatment with mineral water

Chronic cholecystitis is treated with mineral water (Essentuki No. 4 and No. 17, Slavyanovskaya, Smirnovskaya, Mirgorodskaya, Naftusya, Novo-Izhevskaya, etc.), as well as magnesium sulfate (1 tablespoon of 25% solution 2 times a day) or Karlovy Vary salt (1 teaspoon in a glass of warm water 3 times a day). After the exacerbation of cholecystitis subsides and for the prevention of subsequent exacerbations (preferably annually), sanatorium-resort treatment is indicated (Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Truskavets, Morshin and other sanatoriums, including local ones, intended for the treatment of cholecystitis).

Chronic cholecystitis is an inflammatory disease of the gallbladder. Treatment is prescribed by a gastroenterologist. It is advisable to follow a non-strict diet.

Cholecystitis is an acute and chronic inflammation of the gallbladder. Symptoms of cholecystitis are sudden acute pain in the liver area, radiating to the right side of the back and intensifying with inhalation. Collections of medicinal plants used to treat cholecystitis in traditional medicine have choleretic properties.

Chronic cholecystitis is an inflammatory disease lasting more than 6 months, affecting the walls of the gallbladder mainly in the cervical area, usually occurring with impaired bile circulation.

All materials presented on the site are for informational and informational purposes only and cannot be considered a guide to treatment or the choice of certain treatments.

Do not self-medicate. At the first signs of a disease, consult a doctor; only a doctor has the competence to diagnose the disease and the right to prescribe medications.

Antibiotics for cholecystitis are an important part of the complex treatment of gallbladder inflammation. Symptomatically, cholecystitis is manifested by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. To stop the infection, antibacterial drugs are prescribed. In addition to antibiotic treatment and symptomatic therapy (for example, biliary medications), it is recommended to adhere to a liquid low-fat diet. In this article we will look at the symptoms and treatment and antibiotics during cholecystitis.

Cholecystitis is most often a consequence of advanced cholelithiasis (GSD) and requires antibiotic therapy to prevent complications in the biliary tract. Thus, 20% of patients with biliary colic who neglect treatment develop an acute form of the inflammatory disease. If the acute form is not treated, cholecystitis gradually becomes chronic and is complicated by inflammation of neighboring organs: cholangitis, pancreatitis, cholangiohepatitis and others.

More than 90% of cases of cholecystitis are the result of blockage by a gallstone.

To confirm the diagnosis, ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs is used; additional laboratory tests may be prescribed.

• oral contraception;
• pregnancy;
• genetic predisposition;
• obesity;
• diabetes and other metabolic disorders;
• liver diseases.

Without timely treatment, cholecystitis becomes chronic. Treatment of cholecystitis is always complex and depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of complications. Most often, treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis at home, but in some cases a hospital stay and even surgical treatment may be required. Antibiotics are used to combat the infection directly. Only a doctor can select an effective drug based on the clinical picture and laboratory data.

Cholecystitis occurs when the wall of the gallbladder becomes infected. This is why antibiotics are prescribed to fight infection in adults and children. Despite the fact that antibiotics for inflammation of the gallbladder by themselves are not able to cure cholecystitis, it is impossible to completely avoid their use. No folk methods can suppress the source of infection in the gallbladder; the maximum is to stimulate the outflow of bile, but not treat the infection. Moreover, without antibiotics, there is a risk that the infection will spread to neighboring organs - it will enter the bile ducts, liver, and pancreas. Inflammation can progress to the point where doctors have to remove the gallbladder.

Antibacterial therapy is prescribed during the period of exacerbation of cholelithiasis, treatment of calculous, acute and chronic forms of cholecystitis. Broad-spectrum drugs are used to suppress the infection as much as possible and prevent complications.

All contraindications for the use of antibiotics during cholecystitis and gallstone disease are relative, which means that if the patient has contraindications, the doctor must select the most appropriate alternative treatment option.

Revision of appointments is required in the following cases:

• a history of allergies to antibiotics of any group;
• Infectious mononucleosis;
• pregnancy at all stages;
• lactation period;
• a history of an allergic reaction to any medications;
• severe decompensated condition of the patient.

Many people are concerned about the question of which antibiotics are best to choose. There is no one “magic” pill to treat cholecystitis. Each drug has its own spectrum of action and features of its use, therefore the doctor must select an antibiotic for treatment based on the symptoms and the examination performed. There are standard protocols for the treatment of cholecystitis that guide the choice of drugs. You can find out more about this below in the article.

Inflammation of the gallbladder is a serious disease, and self-medication of cholecystitis is not only unacceptable, but even dangerous. To clarify the diagnosis and select a treatment regimen, additional tests may be prescribed: ultrasound, cultural examination of samples (also called culture), general, biochemical blood tests. Treatment of cholecystitis is always complex, but without antibacterial therapy, recovery will not occur.

Most often, cholecystitis is caused by Escherichia coli E. coli and the pathogenic bacteroid B. fragilis, as well as some types of Klebsiella, enterococci, and pseudomonas. Taking into account the peculiarities of the course of these infections, those groups of antibiotics are prescribed that have the maximum antimicrobial effect. Thus, standard treatment regimens for acute cholecystitis and exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis were developed.

• piperacillin + tazobactam (Aurotaz, Zopercin, Revotaz, Tazar, Tazpen);
• ampicillin + sulbactam (Ampisid, Sulbacin, Unazin);
• amoxcillin + clavulanic acid (Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Flemoklav);
• meropenem (Alvopenem, Aris, Demopenem, Europenem, Mipenam, Merogram, Meronem, Ronem, Expenem);
• imepenem + cylastin (Prepenem).

Another effective treatment regimen includes a combination of third-generation cephalosporins with metronidazole (Trichopol), which can enhance the effect of treatment. The most commonly used cephalosporins are:

• cefotaxime (Cefantral, Loraxime);
• ceftriaxone (Auroxone, Belcef, Loraxone, Cefogram);
• ceftazidime (Aurocef, Orzid, Fortum, Ceftadim);
• cefoperazone + sulbactam (Macrocef, Sulperazone, Sulcef);
• cefixime (Loprax, Sorcef, Suprax, Cefix).

The listed antibiotics and the trade names under which they are produced are not the only ones. In some cases, the doctor may prescribe other regimens based on test results.

The second choice drugs are gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, erythromycin, and some other types of antibiotics.

In some cases, when, in addition to cholecystitis, the bile ducts are inflamed (cholangitis) or there are other complications, several antibacterial drugs can be used simultaneously. For example, combinations of penicillins with fluoroquinolones - most often ampicillin with ciprofloxacin. Or ampicillin with oxacillin (Ampiox).

Dosages of drugs depend on the severity of the infection and are selected individually. In severe cases, injections of antibacterial drugs are recommended; in milder cases, oral forms can be taken.

To treat cholecystitis in pregnant women, those groups of antibiotics are used that are approved for use during pregnancy. These include some penicillins, cephalosporins, and in some cases macrolides are used. The most commonly used are ampicillin + sulbactam (Ampisid, Sulbacin, Unazine), ceftriaxone (Auroxone, Belcef, Loraxone, Cefogram), azithromycin (Sumamed, Hemomycin). The listed antibiotics are relatively safe for the fetus and are approved for use during pregnancy if the expected benefit outweighs the possible harm from their use.

But breastfeeding will have to be stopped during treatment so that the child does not receive a portion of the antibiotic along with the milk. It is very difficult to predict the consequences, so it is worth stopping breastfeeding while the mother takes antibacterial drugs.

Under no circumstances should you self-medicate by taking any medications without consulting a doctor. Some antibiotics can cause irreparable harm to the fetus, so treatment during pregnancy and lactation can only be prescribed by a doctor.

During treatment, you should completely abstain from alcohol, following a diet for cholecystitis: avoiding fatty foods, excess sugar consumption, legumes, sour fruits and berries, canned food, smoked foods, spicy foods, and strong coffee.

It is important to fully adhere to the treatment regimen, do not change the dosage, do not miss a dose, or interrupt the course, even if complete recovery has occurred. Otherwise, the infection may develop resistance to the antibiotic and a rapid relapse of the disease. Like any other drugs, antibiotics have a number of side effects. More details about possible side effects are described in the instructions for the drug.

In user reviews you can find a variety of side effects, but the most common are:

• dysbacteriosis, which leads to disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract;
• vitamin K deficiency, which can cause nosebleeds;
• candidiasis of the oral cavity and other mucous membranes (for example, thrush);
• allergic reactions if there is individual sensitivity to the components of the drug (these signs cannot be ignored).

To prevent side effects, you must strictly follow the instructions and recommendations of your doctor. After long-term use, it is recommended to take a course of probiotics to restore healthy intestinal microflora.

Cholecystitis, causes, its forms, symptoms, methods of diagnosis and treatment.

This is a drug that destroys or slows down the activity of many types of bacteria. At the biochemical level, Tsiprolet interferes with the activity of a special enzyme that is involved in the process of bacterial DNA reproduction. As a result, bacteria cannot reproduce. Thus, the drug affects staphylococci, streptococci, chlamydia, E. coli, gardnerella and many other microorganisms.

The instructions for use of Tsiprolet contain a detailed list of all microorganisms that are affected by this drug. Bacteria adapt to this influence, inventing new methods of reproduction, extremely slowly.

Tsiprolet destroys or slows down the activity of many types of bacteria

This drug penetrates well into the blood, remaining 60-80% there in an active form, allowing it to have a detrimental effect on bacteria. Its highest concentration in the blood is achieved within 1-1.5 hours after administration.

After another minute, it ends up in other organs and tissues of the body, including bone tissue. The required level to inhibit the proliferation of microorganisms is maintained for 12 hours. Accordingly, for treatment it is enough to use it 2 times a day.

The main amount of ciprolet is excreted from the body through the kidneys. Any kidney disease associated with a violation of their excretory function leads to a slower removal of the antibiotic from the body. Therefore, the use of this antibiotic in some renal pathologies may be contraindicated. Tsiprolet is also modified and excreted through the liver with bile and through the rectum with feces.

Tsiprolet has an effective therapeutic effect for any disease caused by harmful effects on the body of bacteria susceptible to this drug. Tsiprolet instructions for use will help to accurately determine whether the drug will be effective for each individual type of microorganism.

• Infectious lesions of the respiratory tract.
• Infectious processes in the ear, nose and throat area: otitis media, sinusitis and other diseases.
• Urogenital infections, including cystitis, pyelonephritis, gonorrhea, prostatitis.
• Gynecological infectious diseases, including inflammation of the ovaries or fallopian tubes.
• Diseases of the digestive tract caused by microorganisms susceptible to the drug. These are cholecystitis and cholangitis, as well as diarrhea and typhoid fever.
• Inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity - abscesses, peritonitis.
• Infectious diseases of the skin, including wounds and burns.
• Infectious diseases of bones and joints - ostyemyelitis, purulent arthritis.
• Eye infectious diseases. In this case, Tsiprolet drops are used.

This drug is also used to treat common severe infectious processes - bacteremia and septicemia. It is effective when used in patients with reduced immunity.

Tsiprolet exists in the form of tablets, solution for infusion and eye drops. In what form is best to use the drug depends on the type of disease, its stage and the presence of concomitant pathologies. The solution for infusion is used for severe infectious processes, for example, peritonitis, since intravenous administration ensures immediate release of the drug into the blood.

The solution is also used for intramuscular administration for many diseases, as this allows for more precise dosing of the drug. Tsiprolet tablets are the most convenient form for use. Tsiprolet eye drops are used to treat a variety of eye diseases caused by microorganisms susceptible to the antibiotic.

They are recommended to be instilled for eye injuries. Tsiprolet eye drops are also used to prepare for various ophthalmological operations and to prevent postoperative complications. Such drops can also be used to treat children, since a very small amount of the drug enters the blood.

Tsiprolet tablets are available in 250 or 500 mg doses. The dosage depends on the type and severity of the disease and should be selected by a doctor. Usually, for uncomplicated diseases, it is recommended to drink 250 mg 2 times a day, and for more severe diseases - 500 mg.

To treat gonorrhea, it is enough to drink 500 mg once. ciproleta. For kidney disease, the standard recommended dose is halved. Treatment usually lasts about a week.

Tsiprolet is usually well tolerated. When using it, allergic reactions, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, as well as disturbances of taste and smell are occasionally possible. Various complications from the renal excretory system may occur, the most common of which are the appearance of blood or crystals in the urine, a decrease or increase in urination.

Complications from the cardiovascular, hematopoietic and nervous systems are also possible. If any symptoms that may be related to taking the drug appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Considering the low price of Tsiprolet and its effectiveness in treating a wide range of diseases, many decide to treat themselves by buying Tsiprolet tablets. But the infectious agent that caused the pathological process may be insensitive to this antibiotic.

In addition, there are a number of diseases for which Ciprolet must be used with great caution.

These are, for example, epilepsy, vascular diseases of the brain. Therefore, a doctor should prescribe this drug. The price for Tsiprolet depends on the manufacturer, it is available to everyone.

This antibiotic is contraindicated in cases of increased susceptibility to it, during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Contraindication is also age under 15 years, for drops – up to 12 years. To ensure the process of normal excretion of ciprolet from the body, it is necessary to drink a sufficient amount of water.

Side effects of the drug can include various disorders of the nervous and vascular systems. Therefore, during the treatment period, you need to be especially careful when driving a car and other activities that require concentration.

Patient: Tsiprolet - how effective is it in the treatment of ovarian inflammation and does it exist in the form of injections

Doctor: Tsiprolet is quite effective in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, including the ovaries. Available in the form of injections

Patient: Hello, I was diagnosed with cystitis, but I don’t have any symptoms! They took a smear and nothing was found, they prescribed suppositories. Could the doctors have made a mistake? After all, when they did the pelvic ultrasound, they didn’t say anything?

Doctor: The diagnosis of cystitis is not taken out of thin air - there must be changes in the urine test and changes in the ultrasound are possible, but not mandatory. If you do not have any complaints, ask your doctor to carefully recheck the test results again or retake them in an independent laboratory.

Hello. I visited a urologist, they took a culture test and found 2 enterococcus bacteria and grade 3 staphylococcus. I prescribed Ciprolet 250 mg, 2 tablets, 2 times a day for 7 days, it is this antibiotic that these bacteria are sensitive to. After reading the instructions, there are so many shelves and pages. I'm careful because I'm afraid to drink. It is even indicated that in rare cases it is possible even to anaphylactic shock. What should I do? Can I check for an allergy to the drug?

Hello. If you are allergic, then it makes sense to take antihistamine tablets, for example, suprastin, along with the drug. If you do not have a pronounced food allergy, you can take it calmly at the dose recommended by your doctor. Leaving a urinary tract infection untreated is very dangerous.

I haven’t encountered any allergies, if I had an allergy I would obviously know about it, yes. I just read with caution and I’m afraid to drink side effects, they say that it is advisable to drink something with antibiotics to improve the microflora so that there is no dysbacteriosis.? I would like to know if the drug is good? Should I be afraid to take it? Or does it affect each body differently? I really want to get rid of cystitis, but I just can’t control myself and start drinking. A friend of mine was injected with Ciprolet even during pregnancy, but I’m afraid.

To be on the safe side, avoid prescribing medications for yourself. Consult your doctor)

Hello, I took Ciprolet for 5 days. Is it possible to plan a pregnancy during this cycle?

Hello) I went to the doctor, they said inflammation of the appendages, they prescribed Ciprolet, Terzhinan suppositories, and Trichopolum during menstruation, I did everything as the doctor said, after menstruation, about 3 days later, my stomach began to hurt again and there was a phlegm in the vagina, what could it be? because the drugs I took were strong, antibiotics

Errors in nutrition and drinking regimen, the presence of foci of chronic infections, and a sedentary lifestyle often provoke the development of cholecystitis, a disease in which inflammation of the gallbladder occurs. Without proper treatment, the disease gradually develops into its chronic form and causes a lot of trouble for patients, and exacerbations often put them in a hospital bed.

Upon diagnosis chronic cholecystitis What treatment does the doctor most often prescribe? There are many methods aimed at alleviating the condition of patients with chronic cholecystitis, but they all involve a number of mandatory measures. These include:

— Drug treatment of chronic cholecystitis

— Herbal medicine for cholecystitis

— Compliance with a special diet during and after the course of treatment to prevent relapses of inflammation.

Drug treatment for chronic cholecystitis

First of all, treatment is aimed at relieving inflammation of the gallbladder, for which patients are prescribed weekly courses of antibiotics. These are drugs from the group of macrolides (macropen, erythromycin, clarithromycin, etc.), fluoroquinolols (ofloxacin, ciprolet, tsifran) or sulfonamides (biseptol, bactrim). Antibiotics and sulfonamides are prescribed only by a doctor after a special bile analysis to identify the pathogen, so self-medication is absolutely unacceptable here.

Inflammation of the gallbladder is accompanied by spasms and pain in it, so drug therapy always includes antispasmodics and analgesics. The best results here are shown by odeston, which acts on the sphincter of Oddi and the sphincter of the gallbladder in a targeted manner and does not affect other smooth muscles of tissues and blood vessels.

Antispasmodics in the treatment of chronic cholecystitis are prescribed in long courses of 2-3 weeks, sometimes once in case of sudden onset of acute pain.

After the inflammatory process subsides, drugs are prescribed that normalize the formation of bile and its outflow from the gallbladder. Such drugs include hepabene, silymar, allohol, cholenzyme, digestal and others. The choice and purpose of any of them is also determined only by the doctor after examination and depends on the type of gallbladder dysfunction.

Herbal medicine for chronic cholecystitis

Treatment with herbs and herbal mixtures is carried out after the completion of the main treatment course, therefore they cannot be considered interchangeable types of treatment: herbal medicine is intended only to consolidate the effect achieved by drug therapy. Corn silk, tansy, yarrow, galangal, immortelle, mint, and parsley help well. Decoctions are prepared from these herbs and taken orally before each meal. Here are some recipes:

1. Treatment of chronic cholecystitis with parsley decoction:

Pour boiling water (1 glass) over a tablespoon of fresh or dry parsley leaves, leave and drink warm half a glass before meals. Course – 3-4 weeks.

2. Corn silk decoction:

Pour a tablespoon of dry corn silk with a glass of boiling water and let it brew. Drink a quarter glass before each meal. A course of treatment- 2-3 weeks.

3. Chronic cholecystitis can be cured with a decoction of immortelle:

Pour a tablespoon of dry herb into a glass of boiling water and leave until it cools. Take half a glass 2-3 times a day for two to three weeks.

4. Mint decoction for cholecystitis:

Pour dry peppermint leaves (1 tablespoon) with a glass of boiling water and let it brew. Take the resulting infusion 3 times a day before meals. The course of treatment is 3-4 weeks.

Chronic cholecystitis and diet

For the entire period of exacerbation of cholecystitis, any fried, fatty and spicy foods, alcohol, baked goods and sweets should be completely excluded. Eat more vegetables and fruits. Vegetable salads seasoned with any vegetable oil are especially useful. By the way, vegetable oils have an excellent choleretic and cleansing effect on the gallbladder, so it is very useful to take a tablespoon of oil on an empty stomach every morning.

Bread made from wholemeal flour has a good effect on the function of the gallbladder and intestines - they need to replace all the usual baked goods that patients usually eat. This bread contains a lot of fiber, which helps improve motility of both the gallbladder and intestines.

Nutrition for people with chronic cholecystitis should be fractional and regular: overeating and significant breaks between meals are completely unacceptable. In general, all people should carefully monitor their diet, and not just the quality and quantity of what they eat - only with regular nutrition does the gallbladder work to ensure uniform production of bile.

If chronic cholecystitis is diagnosed, treatment should be prescribed by a gastroenterologist. In addition to pills, you must adhere to a diet during treatment. The disease will recede only if you follow all the doctor’s recommendations.