Lymph nodes in the lungs symptoms. Lymph node in the lungs: normal and abnormalities, possible diseases, treatment. How to independently recognize inflammation of the lymph nodes

Answers:

Alexey Tsenkyu

If the lymph nodes are enlarged, they are punctured to determine whether it is metastasis or not. And after a more precise diagnosis, treatment is already prescribed. Without a diagnosis, there is no point in discussing the problem. If a tumor is detected during the examination, chemotherapy of the lymph nodes is prescribed, which leads to complete recovery.

Sam Demin

depending on what disease accompanies this increase, that most often it is a common viral infection and it is not fatal; it’s just that in the chronic form there are relapses

Natalia Slepenkova

It depends on the disease. But don't worry. They will find a way to recover.

Svetlana Lins

In which city do you live?

Costa Costa

This is not a disease, but a sign of a disease... .
Why is he not telling you, or what?

Man - you are the World, you are Eternity.

No, in the lymphatic system there is a struggle between leukocytes, the immune system must be strengthened, and the body must be cleansed from the aggression of microorganisms

Alexander Mereutsa

it all depends on what exactly caused the inflammation, it could be a common cold or something serious

Alexander Nikolaevich

Apparently, we are talking about sarcoidosis. The cause of this disease is not known. Tuberculosis and oncology also need to be excluded.

Lymphadenopathy: what is it? Diseases accompanied by lymphadenopathy

Lymphadenopathy is a change in the size of lymph nodes of various locations. In most cases, this condition is only a manifestation of the underlying disease. In the absence of the necessary help, uncontrolled enlargement of lymph nodes can lead to serious complications that threaten the health and even life of the patient.

Why are lymph nodes needed?

So, lymphadenopathy. What is it and how to deal with it? Before asking such a question, you should understand what function lymph performs. This colorless liquid penetrates all organs, returning all nutrients from the tissues to the blood. Along the path of lymph flow there are control points - lymph nodes, which receive vessels from various places in the human body.

Anyone who has ever visited a therapist knows about the presence of these organs. Lymph nodes are of great importance for the normal functioning of the entire body. In essence, they are biological filters that do not allow harmful agents to penetrate organs and tissues. The lymph passing through them is cleared of bacteria and other foreign substances and enriched with antibodies, thereby providing adequate protection for the entire body.

Lymph nodes work around the clock, without “breaks and weekends.” Collecting lymph from every corner of the human body, these organs constantly guard our health. Trying to find out if everything is okay with the patient, the doctor first palpates the lymph nodes of various locations. Based on the state of these organs, one can draw conclusions about the functioning of the entire body, as well as timely notice the development of many dangerous diseases.

Lymphadenopathy: what is it? Reasons for development

Acting as a collector, the lymph node is forced to collect all harmful substances that enter the body. Sooner or later, this well-established mechanism may fail, causing a condition called lymphadenopathy of the lymph nodes. What can cause this pathology? There are several similar factors:

• infectious diseases (influenza, stomatitis, rubella, tuberculosis and many others);
• human immunodeficiency virus (HIV);
• oncological diseases;
• mechanical injuries;
• allergic reaction;
• diseases of internal organs.

Classification

Depending on the degree of damage to the lymph nodes, the following types of lymphadenopathy are distinguished:

• localized (local enlargement of one lymph node);
• regional (damage to lymph nodes in two adjacent areas);
• generalized (changes in lymph nodes in more than three groups)

The localized form occurs in 70% of cases and is usually associated with localized infection or trauma. Lymphadenopathy of the cervical lymph nodes is characterized by their regional damage, and generalized inflammation indicates a serious disturbance in the immune status of a person.

Symptoms

Regardless of the location, this pathology has a number of similar signs that make it possible to recognize it among other diseases. The affected lymph nodes are enlarged, hot and painful to the touch. There may be unpleasant sensations in the area where the process is localized, especially when changing body position.

General symptoms include fever, weakness, chills. In the acute period, enlargement of the liver and spleen is possible. In case of an infectious lesion, the signs of a particular disease that provoked an enlargement of the lymph nodes come to the fore.

An experienced doctor will be able to make a diagnosis during the initial examination and determine the tactics for further treatment of the patient. Knowing exactly how lymph moves through the body, you can find out not only the location, but also the cause of the pathological process. Let's take a closer look at each particular case of lymph node enlargement.

Enlarged cervical lymph nodes

Cervical lymphadenopathy is quite common. Lymphadenitis localized in this area is dangerous due to its proximity to brain structures. If the immune system cannot cope with the problem that has arisen, the consequences for a person can be very sad.

Lymphadenopathy of the cervical lymph nodes can be caused by a variety of reasons. Most often, this condition develops when a viral or bacterial infection enters the body (influenza or other acute respiratory infections). Cervical lymphadenitis is most typical for children whose immune system has not yet fully formed. At an early age, even ordinary stomatitis or gingivitis can cause a sharp increase in the submandibular lymph nodes, which is accompanied by high fever and chills.

Cervical lymphadenopathy can be associated with various malignant neoplasms, which forces doctors to be especially careful about this symptom. In this case, the patient requires consultation not only with a therapist, but also with an oncologist. With syphilis and tuberculosis, enlarged lymph nodes are also one of the most common signs.

Enlarged lymph nodes in the chest area

Mediastinal lymphadenopathy is considered among doctors to be one of the most dangerous symptoms. In most cases, this condition develops in patients after 40 years of age and indicates the presence of a malignant neoplasm. This can be a tumor of the lungs or heart, or metastases from the abdominal cavity or pelvis. In any case, such a pathology requires prompt diagnosis, including ultrasound examination of internal organs, magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy of affected tissues.

Mediastinal lymphadenopathy can occur in various diseases of the internal organs. Most often we are talking about pathology of the thyroid gland, dysfunction of which leads to changes in lymph flow. Some connective tissue diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and others) can also be a direct cause of lymphadenitis.

Inflammation of the pulmonary lymph nodes

This situation is a fairly common finding during radiography. Pulmonary lymphadenopathy is a special case of damage to the mediastinal lymph nodes. Such a symptom may indicate the development of a dangerous disease such as lung cancer. Typically, this pathology occurs in older people who smoke or work in hazardous enterprises. The development of tuberculosis or sarcoidosis is possible - in both cases, pulmonary lymphadenopathy is one of the very first symptoms. With simple pneumonia and bronchitis, changes in the lymph nodes also occur. For a more accurate diagnosis, you should take a photograph of the affected organ in two projections, and also be sure to visit a phthisiatrician or oncologist.

Enlarged axillary lymph nodes

The lymph nodes of this location are very sensitive to the slightest changes in the immune status and can enlarge even with ordinary flu or ARVI. In this case, axillary lymphadenopathy does not require special treatment and goes away on its own upon recovery from the underlying disease. With any serious injury to the upper extremities, the lymph nodes of this location are also involved in the pathological process.

A similar symptom in women of any age deserves close attention. Axillary lymphadenopathy may be one of the first signs of breast cancer. If a woman discovers this type of abnormality, she should immediately make an appointment with a mammologist.

Generalized lymphadenopathy

This medical term refers to an enlargement of three or more groups of lymph nodes that lasts more than one month. In children and adolescents, the most common cause of this condition is infectious mononucleosis, a disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. In some situations, the symptoms are smoothed out, and the pathological process occurs under the guise of a common cold. Occasionally, an increase in a large number of lymph nodes occurs with rubella and measles.

Yersiniosis and some other digestive tract infections can also cause symptoms such as lymphadenopathy. What it is? The bacteria that cause the development of yersiniosis lead not only to damage to the small intestine, but also to an enlargement of the inguinal and other groups of lymph nodes. Similar symptoms can also occur with typhoid fever, brucellosis and Lyme disease.

Generalized lymphadenopathy in adults may indicate the development of HIV infection. In this case, the process affects three or more groups of lymph nodes and lasts at least three months. An ELISA test for detecting immunodeficiency virus antibodies in peripheral blood will help confirm the diagnosis.

Diagnostics

During the initial examination, the affected lymph nodes are palpated. The doctor determines the localization of the process, the consistency and pain of the changed organ. In most cases, such a simple technique allows you to determine the vector of further examination and make a preliminary diagnosis.

After collecting anamnesis and identifying risk factors, the doctor will prescribe laboratory tests, which will certainly include general blood and urine tests. If necessary, ultrasound of internal organs, chest X-ray, and magnetic resonance imaging are performed. All these manipulations make it possible to find out the cause of lymphadenitis and determine treatment tactics.

In some cases, puncture of the affected lymph node followed by a biopsy may be required. This method allows you to find out exactly the reason for which lymphadenopathy developed. What it is? Under local anesthesia, a puncture is made with a thin needle, after which a piece of the desired tissue is taken. This procedure allows you to identify metastases in an enlarged lymph node, detect a purulent process or other pathological changes.

Treatment of lymphadenopathy

It is worth considering the fact that enlarged lymph nodes in themselves are not a separate disease. This is why it is so important to find the reason why lymphadenopathy developed. Treatment will depend on the underlying diagnosis and identification of the factors that gave rise to the occurrence of such a problem.

In the case when lymphadenitis is caused by any infectious agent, the patient is sent under the supervision of a therapist. For most viral and bacterial diseases, no special treatment is required: after recovery, the lymph nodes will return to their normal state on their own.

Quite often, oncological diseases lead to a phenomenon such as lymphadenopathy. Treatment in this case will depend on the severity of the underlying disease. The treatment regimen is approved by the oncologist and may include both surgery and other available methods.

In some cases, an enlarged lymph node may be caused by direct trauma. In this case, the patient also ends up on the surgeon’s table. Opening the affected organ with removal of purulent contents allows you to completely solve the problem of lymphadenopathy.

Any unreasonable enlargement of lymph nodes requires a thorough examination by a specialist. Even if lymphadenopathy is not a sign of a serious illness, it can cause some discomfort and lead to a deterioration in overall health. Timely diagnosis allows not only to prevent the development of the pathological process, but also to help the patient cope with his own fears regarding the current situation.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes

In medicine, inflammation of the lymph nodes (LN) is called lymphadenitis. This disease develops when an infection enters the human lymphatic system. Along the entire length of the lymphatic vessels there are lymph nodes, which have different sizes. Lymphatic fluid flows through these nodes, which may contain infection.

Lymph nodes are the main barrier that stands in the way of pathogenic microbes; they cleanse the fluid of pathological contents. The lymph nodes contain a huge number of lymphocytes, which lead to the death of the virus. The lymphatic fluid, after passing through several nodes, is completely cleansed, and only then enters the circulatory system. If there are a large number of microbes in the body, the lymph nodes begin to work more intensely, they increase the production of lymphocytes, while somewhat increasing in size and becoming painful.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes is not an independent disease, it is the body’s reaction to the infection that attacks it. VL in a particular area makes it possible to identify the localization of the infectious process, since local (or as they are also called regional) lymph nodes react to pathogenic microbes. For example, inflammation of the lymph nodes under the lower jaw may indicate an infection in the oral cavity (caries, periodontitis, etc.), in the groin - to pathological processes in the abdominal cavity, etc.

ICD-10 code R59 Enlarged lymph nodes

Causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes

Inflammation of the lymph nodes can occur for various reasons. In most cases, it is a consequence of some disease in the body.

There are two types of lymphadenitis: specific and nonspecific.

With specific inflammation of the lymph nodes, the cause is a very severe infectious disease, for example, AIDS, tuberculosis, syphilis, mononucleosis, leukemia (blood cancer), measles, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.

In nonspecific cases, the cause is pathological processes resulting from the entry into the body of pathogenic microorganisms (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.), which pose a danger to humans under certain conditions.

Nonspecific lymphadenitis is usually caused by advanced carious processes, abscesses, periodontitis, infection during dental treatment, sore throat, colds, lymphangitis, toxoplasmosis, allergic reactions, etc. It can also begin due to an existing focus of decay (wounds, boils, trophic ulcer , thrombophlebitis, erysipelas, etc.).

Symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes

Inflammation of the lymph nodes of a nonspecific nature is primarily manifested by enlargement and pain. In case of catarrhal or hyperplastic form of the disease, they are easily detected during examination by palpation.

If suppuration of the lymph node begins, signs of intoxication of the body appear (headache, fever, weakness, temperature, lack of appetite), and it becomes painful, dense, and clear contours disappear. The area above the affected lymph node swells, turns red, and later an abscess and fluctuation (fluctuation of pus, accompanied by throbbing pain) appears.

If purulent lymphadenitis is not treated, over time the abscess begins to break out or into adjacent tissues, which poses a great danger. When pus gets into neighboring tissues or organs, adenophlegmon begins, which manifests itself as a dense painful infiltrate, with softened areas. The putrefactive form of the inflammatory process is accompanied by a slight crunching sound when palpating the affected node. Further destruction of cells and tissues leads to fever, tachycardia, and severe intoxication of the body begins. Among other things, the patient’s temperature rises, sometimes to critical levels, and loss of appetite.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes begins, first of all, with their soreness and enlargement. Depending on the form of the disease, the intensity of pain manifests itself.

The pain in the acute form of lymphadenitis in the affected area is sharp and quite strong, while the person feels weakness, general malaise, headache, and fever. Quite often the disease develops together with lymphangitis.

With a non-purulent inflammatory process, the patient usually feels relatively normal. Enlarged nodes become dense, pain appears when pressed, they are mobile, the skin over the affected area does not change.

Adenophlegmon is characterized by redness of the skin over the affected area, a dense tumor appears, without clear boundaries, softened in places. The pain is throbbing and severe. Temperatures rise to very high levels. The purulent form of lymphadenitis can spread into deeper tissues and cells, resulting in blood poisoning.

The chronic form of lymphadenitis is practically painless, and only enlargement of the lymph nodes is felt.

Consequences of inflammation of the lymph nodes

Inflammation of the lymph nodes is a natural reaction of our body to various harmful microorganisms that have entered the circulatory system. Diseases that caused the pathological process must be treated in a timely manner; in this case, after recovery, the lymph nodes independently return to normal. In case of severe infections, when an acute or purulent inflammatory process begins, together with treatment of the underlying disease, the patient’s condition can be alleviated. In case of acute, purulent or chronic inflammation in the lymph nodes, the process of replacing lymphoid tissue with connective tissue begins, which leads to disruption of their work, and they are no longer able to fully perform their functions.

Where does it hurt?

What's troubling?

Diagnosis of inflammation of the lymph nodes

In case of an inflammatory process in the lymph nodes, first of all, a visual examination of the patient is carried out and anamnesis (past disease) is ascertained. After a survey and examination, a blood test is prescribed that will help determine the causes of the pathology.

To exclude cancer pathologies or determine the source of infection, a chest x-ray or computed tomography is prescribed. Computed tomography allows a clearer picture of the disease, but this procedure is quite expensive.

If previous methods have not helped determine the cause of the pathological process, a lymph node biopsy is prescribed. The procedure consists of a laboratory examination of tissue samples from the inflamed lymph node and the contents in its capsule. This diagnostic method significantly increases the chances of establishing an accurate diagnosis.

To establish the cause that provoked the pathology, the doctor orders several tests.

If the lymph nodes in the groin area are enlarged, this may indicate diseases of the genitourinary system or sexually transmitted diseases. In this case, blood and urine tests, tests for hepatitis, syphilis, and HIV are prescribed. After the results and the cause of the disease are established, appropriate therapy is prescribed.

Inflammation of the axillary lymph nodes may indicate pathological processes in the upper abdomen and chest; in this case, a standard blood test, urine test, and chest x-ray are prescribed.

Parotid, submandibular, cervical lymph nodes indicate infection in the oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, hearing organs, nasal mucosa, etc. In this case, in addition to standard urine and blood tests, consultation with other specialists (otolaryngologist) will be required.

What needs to be examined?

How to examine?

What tests are needed?

Who to contact?

What to do if the lymph nodes are swollen?

If an inflamed lymph node is detected, you should first consult a doctor. If the inflammatory process is accompanied by a high temperature, you can take an antipyretic; if you feel unwell, dizzy or have a headache, you need to stay in bed and invite a doctor to your home.

It must be remembered that inflamed lymph nodes should never be heated or warm compresses applied to the affected area. You can apply a cool compress to relieve pain. If the skin over the pathological area begins to turn red and a throbbing pain appears, this indicates that a purulent process has begun. In this case, you need to immediately call an ambulance, since pus can break out not only outside, but also into adjacent tissues or organs, which threatens to spread the infection throughout the body. In case of a purulent form, surgical treatment is necessary, in which the affected lymph node is opened and cleared of accumulated pus.

If you find that you have inflammation of the lymph nodes, first of all, you need to consult a therapist. The doctor will conduct a visual examination and palpate them. If the inflammatory process occurs against the background of a cold, the doctor will prescribe appropriate treatment for the underlying disease, the field of which the lymph nodes should return to normal size. If the cause cannot be determined, the therapist will prescribe an additional examination, the results of which may lead to a referral to other specialists (endocrinologist, surgeon, oncologist).

Since inflammation of the lymph nodes is a secondary disease that develops against the background of the development of the main one. Treatment consists of eliminating the source of infection, which should be dealt with by an appropriate specialist, for example, colds, flu are treated by a general practitioner, oncological diseases are treated by an oncologist, sexually transmitted diseases are treated by a venereologist, etc. After the source of infection is destroyed, the lymph nodes return to normal.

If the pathological process has acquired a purulent form, it is necessary to urgently contact a surgeon.

Treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes

Treating only inflamed lymph nodes is fundamentally wrong. Lymph nodes by their condition only indicate that there is a source of infection in the body that the body cannot cope with on its own and thus asks for help.

Fever, weakness, fatigue, headache are frequent companions of the inflammatory process. But temperature is an indicator that the body is actively fighting infection. It is not very good when the temperature is low with inflamed nodes, this indicates a weakened immune system, in which case a course of antibiotics may be needed.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes is accompanied by pain and swelling, so almost everyone strives to relieve pain, but the main thing in treatment is to identify and treat the cause of the disease, i.e. source of infection. You need to take vitamin C three times a day, which will help your immune system cope with the disease.

Medicines for inflammation of the lymph nodes, are primarily aimed at treating the underlying disease.

For infections of the upper respiratory tract, otitis, genitourinary system, streptococcal infections, broad-spectrum antibiotics are used (vilprafen, azithromycin, benzylpenicillin, etc.).

Camphor oil is a folk remedy for treating inflammation in the lymph nodes in the armpits and neck. For treatment, compresses are used, which are applied to the affected areas for ten minutes.

You can use various anti-inflammatory ointments, which are applied to the affected area for a while. Quite often used ichthyol ointment, which has antiseptic and disinfectant properties. The ointment can be applied to the skin over the affected lymph nodes; if necessary, a thin bandage can be applied on top. You can also use streptonitol ointment, which has antibacterial and antiprotozoal effects. The ointment is applied in a thin layer to the surface of the skin and a sterile bandage is applied on top (1 - 2 times a day).

Streptocidal ointment and sinalar K have a good effect in acute forms of lymphadenitis. Before using any drug, you should consult a doctor, as adverse reactions are possible.

Vishnevsky ointment has been used to relieve inflammation in the lymph nodes for a long time. This ointment has a very specific smell, but it is no less effective. This ointment is used for bedsores, trophic ulcers, and wounds. It has good disinfectant properties and accelerates regeneration processes. To relieve the inflammatory process, it is recommended to apply a compress to the affected area at night; you can also apply a thin layer of ointment to the inflamed lymph node.

For acute lymphadenitis pills may be prescribed, having antibacterial and bactericidal properties: siflox, vilprafen, sumetrolim, solexin-forte, streptotsida, septrin.

Anti-inflammatory drugs in case of lymphadenitis, they are necessary to relieve inflammation. Lymph nodes react to infection in the body by enlargement and soreness; prolonged inflammation can lead to suppuration. Therefore, when treating the main source of the disease, it is necessary to simultaneously reduce the inflammatory process in the lymph node itself. Lympho-gran has good anti-inflammatory properties, which can be used by both adults and children.

Antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes

Antibiotics in the treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes show good results, despite the negative attitude of many towards such treatment. The use of drugs is advisable at the initial stage of the disease in order to prevent severe development of the disease.

Has a good effect Amoxicillin, which belongs to the penicillin group. It has a wide spectrum of action and has a detrimental effect on staphylococci, streptococci, E. coli and other pathogenic bacteria.

The drug is intended for oral, intravenous or intramuscular administration. The doctor prescribes the dose individually in each case, depending on the severity of the disease. Usually tablets are prescribed at 500 mg 3 times a day, but in more severe cases the dose can be increased to 1000 mg. For children under two years of age, the drug is available in the form of a powder for preparing a suspension; the dosage in this case will be ¼ teaspoon three times a day. At the age of two to five years, half a teaspoon, from 5 to 10 years, one teaspoon three times a day.

Another effective drug for relieving symptoms is amoxiclav, which is a combined antibacterial drug with a broad spectrum of action from the penicillin group. Available in powder form for the preparation of suspensions, tablets, and intravenous injections.

The dosage of the drug is individual, depending on the patient’s condition, age, body weight. It is recommended to take Amoxiclav before meals to reduce possible side effects. The course of treatment consists of 5 – 14 days, which is determined by the attending physician. It is not recommended to continue treatment for more than two weeks without a secondary medical examination.

For children under 12 years of age, the drug is prescribed depending on body weight, the recommended dose is 40 mg per 1 kg of body weight, three times a day.

For children whose body weight is more than 40 kg, the drug is prescribed in the same dosage as adults: 375 mg every 8 hours for mild disease or 625 mg every 12 hours for moderate disease. For severe conditions, 625 mg every 8 hours or 1000 mg every 12 hours. Before taking the tablets, chew them thoroughly or dissolve them in 100–150 ml of water.

Dimexide is an anti-inflammatory agent, available in the form of a solution for external use. Dimexide improves metabolism in the affected area, has a local analgesic effect, and has antimicrobial properties. To reduce signs of the inflammatory process, a compress of 30% dimexide is used.

Tsiprolet- an antibiotic with a broad spectrum of action. It is one of those few drugs to which microorganisms rarely develop resistance. Therefore, it is often prescribed for acute infectious and inflammatory diseases.

In each specific case, taking into account the patient’s condition and the severity of the disease, an individual dosage of the drug is prescribed. The usually recommended oral dose is 0.25 mg (or 0.5 - 0.75 mg in more severe cases) 2-3 times a day. The course of treatment is 7–10 days. The tablets are best taken on an empty stomach with plenty of water.

Azithromycin It has been used in medical practice for quite a long time, but does not lose its leading position. It has a wide spectrum of action and is prescribed for infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Before using the drug, it is recommended to undergo a test for the susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria to the main substance of the drug. Azithromycin should be taken one hour before meals (or two hours after). It is advisable to take the medicine at the same time. Usually a dose of 0.5 mg is prescribed for three days.

Tsifran has an antimicrobial effect, the main substance of the drug is ciprofloxacin. The drug is available in the form of tablets, injections, and droppers. This drug is capable of destroying a larger number of different pathogenic microorganisms. A distinctive feature of this drug is that microbes do not have time to get used to the drug.

The dosage of the drug is determined individually in each case, it all depends on the type of pathogen, the severity of the disease, age, weight and kidney function. As a rule, the drug is prescribed at 250–500 mg every 12 hours. The medicine is taken on an empty stomach, without chewing, and should be washed down with plenty of water.

Biseptol is a combined bactericidal antibiotic that destroys microorganisms that cause diseases of the genitourinary system, lungs, intestines, and ears.

Before starting to use the drug, it is necessary to determine the susceptibility of the microorganisms that caused the disease to the active substance. In each specific case, depending on the disease and condition of the patient, the dosage is determined by the doctor individually. The recommended dose for adults and children over 12 years of age is 4 tablets per day or 8 scoops of syrup. The course of treatment is two weeks.

Treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes with folk remedies

Treatment of inflamed lymph nodes using traditional medicine can be combined with traditional treatment. Traditional methods will help cope with the inflammatory process in the body, improve the patient’s condition, and promote a quick recovery.

A decoction of dried hazel leaves and bark has a good anti-inflammatory and soothing effect. To prepare a medicinal decoction, you need to pour a tablespoon of a mixture of leaves and bark with a glass of boiling water, let it brew for half an hour, and then take the remedy three times a day, ¼ cup before meals.

As a compress, you can use one simple folk recipe that will help cope with the pathological process: finely chop and boil the leaves of walnut, mistletoe, and chamomile. Then soak a napkin or bandage (gauze) in a warm broth and apply to the inflamed lymph nodes for a couple of hours, the course must be continued until complete recovery.

Echinacea herb effectively helps to cope with inflammation, it has a high antiseptic effect on the body, and promotes a speedy recovery. The simplest method of treatment is to take the tincture regularly - 10 drops in half a glass of water 4 times a day.

When treating infections that have caused swollen lymph nodes, it is necessary, first of all, to eliminate the inflammatory process in the body. To do this, it is good to use an anti-inflammatory herbal collection:

Blackhead herb, toadflax, thyme - 1 tsp each, oregano, St. John's wort, lungwort, valerian root, knotweed, calamus - 2 tsp each, licorice root wormwood - 3 tsp each, raspberry leaf - 4 tsp, birch leaf - 6 tsp.

To prepare an infusion of herbs, you need to pour 2 tablespoons of the mixture with a liter of boiling water and leave overnight in a thermos (or a well-wrapped jar). The next day, drink the entire infusion, and brew the next one in the evening. Treatment must be carried out for at least 1.5 - 2 months.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes is well removed by compresses, which also help reduce pain and improve the condition of the disease.

Compresses can be different: with ointments, with herbs, from leaves, etc. When using compresses, you should always remember that with lymphadenitis, warming compresses are strictly prohibited; they can provoke purulent inflammation, which can break into adjacent tissues.

A compress made from Vishnevsky ointment, which can be done at night, has a good anti-inflammatory and stretching effect.

You can also use mint leaves for effective anti-inflammatory compresses. To do this, you will need to chop mint leaves so that the plant releases juice, then apply it to the inflamed lymph nodes, and you can wrap a scarf over it. Mint leaves will also have a cooling effect, which will alleviate the patient's condition.

Prevention of inflammation of the lymph nodes

Lymphadenitis is always a secondary disease, therefore, for the purpose of prevention, it is necessary to prevent the development of pathology in the body. To avoid colds and viral diseases, it is necessary to strengthen the immune system, eat right, and exercise. They can also become inflamed due to cuts, scratches, and boils. This is especially true for young children, who often have broken knees and abrasions on their arms and legs. Any damage to the skin must be immediately treated with antiseptic solutions; for deep injuries, a sterile bandage must be applied to avoid infection.

It is necessary to regularly undergo preventive examinations at the dentist, since inflammatory processes in the oral cavity also provoke enlargement of the lymph nodes.

Prognosis of inflammation of the lymph nodes

Inflammation of the lymph nodes, which has not acquired an advanced (purulent, acute) form, always has a favorable treatment prognosis. In such cases, it is necessary to identify the cause of inflammation and direct the main treatment to destroy the infection. As a rule, no special treatment is required. Since when inflammation in the body subsides, they also return to their normal state. More severe manifestations of lymphadenitis diseases, if treated incorrectly or untimely, can lead to damage to the lymph node. In the acute and purulent form, it fuses with the surrounding tissue, and the process of replacing lymphoid tissue with connective tissue begins, which subsequently completely disrupts its normal functioning.

Treatment of lymph nodes. Inflammation of the lymph nodes: causes, treatment

At least once in a lifetime, every person suffers from enlarged lymph nodes, for example, during an illness with the flu. However, few people know exactly where they are located and notice the inflammation of the lymph nodes in time. Treatment therefore does not begin in a timely manner. What symptoms may indicate lymphadenitis? Is traditional treatment of lymph nodes effective, and what are the methods of traditional therapy?

The importance of lymph nodes for the human body

Lymph nodes belong to the organs of the human immune system. There are several hundred of them in the human body. The localization of lymph nodes directly depends on the direction of the lymphatic vessels. They are located in groups and are visceral, parietal (located next to the internal organs), and also peripheral. It is the enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes that is easiest to diagnose: under the armpits, on the back of the head, on the neck, etc.

Lymphadenitis is not always an independent disease, but most often a consequence of other ailments in the human body. Lymph nodes act as a barrier and do not allow infections, as well as foreign substances, to spread in the human body. That is why only those nodules that are closest to the source of the disease become inflamed. Lymph flows through special vessels to the lymph nodes and is cleansed there. In turn, lymphocytes are delivered from the lymph nodes to the site of inflammation, which fight foreign proteins.

Causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes under the armpit

Treatment of inflamed lymph nodes begins with determining the true cause of their enlargement. A swollen nodule under the arm indicates that an inflammatory process is occurring next to it, and the organ takes an active part in disinfecting this area. The most common reasons why lymph nodes become inflamed:

• blockage of axillary pores, appearance of pustules;
• serious wounds and suppuration in the shoulders, arms or chest;
• skin diseases (neurodermatitis, eczema or psoriasis);
• HIV infection;
• mastopathy;
• any infectious diseases (tuberculosis, plague, syphilis, tularemia, brucellosis);
• rheumatism;
• cancer diseases.

In children, the true cause of inflammation of the axillary lymph nodes may be chickenpox, infectious mononucleosis or measles.

In pregnant and lactating women, sometimes during lactation a lobule of the mammary gland enlarges, which is mistakenly mistaken for a lymph node. A standard examination by a doctor will help ensure that the actual lymph node is in perfect order.

Symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes under the armpit

Treatment of the lymph nodes under the arm should begin when the first symptoms of their inflammation appear in order to avoid complications.

The first signal of an inflammatory process is swelling of the lymph nodes located under the armpits, closer to the chest area. With acute inflammation around this area, the skin becomes hot and touching it causes pain. Redness of the skin is also observed. There are a number of other symptoms that may accompany lymphadenitis - weight loss, chills, fever, and a state of general weakness of the body.

But pain during inflammation is not always present. The appearance of this symptom depends on the cause of the inflammatory process: if the lymph nodes are enlarged due to the patient having diseases such as tuberculosis or syphilis, then there will be no pain. Also, a person whose lymph node enlargement is caused by cancer will not experience pain.

Causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

Considering the fact that enlargement of the lymph nodes occurs due to the course of some other disease, then when inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck occurs, treatment and diagnosis should first of all be aimed at identifying and eliminating the most common infections of the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity: acute respiratory infections and ARVI, sore throat, chicken pox, influenza, stomatitis, gingivitis, diphtheria, etc.

Enlargement of the lymph nodes in the neck can be dictated by a sharp decrease in immunity, because in such a situation they have a double load. In children who often suffer from acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory infections and other infectious diseases, there is an enlargement of the lymph nodes of a chronic nature, most of all this is reflected in the tonsils. Lymph nodes can also enlarge after hypothermia or during vitamin deficiency, constant stress or prolonged mental stress.

The most dangerous causes of the inflammatory process in the cervical lymph nodes are immunodeficiency conditions and tumors. In some cases, the increase is provoked by chronic alcoholism or thyroid diseases.

Symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

As in the previous case, inflammation can be visually observed upon external examination of the submandibular groups of lymph nodes: in a normal state they are invisible, but during the inflammatory process the size of the nodes can vary from a pea to the volume of an egg. Pain can occur not only upon palpation, but also upon swallowing. Often, enlarged cervical lymph nodes are accompanied by headaches, high fever and weakness throughout the body.

Treatment of lymph nodes in the neck, as well as the symptoms of the inflammatory process, directly depend on the original cause of the disease. That is, if lymphadenitis was provoked by an infectious disease, then the most noticeable symptoms will be the infectious lesion of the body, and the symptoms of lymphadenitis will be secondary. For example, enlarged cervical lymph nodes are just one of the symptoms of a sore throat, so you need to concentrate on fighting it, rather than trying to relieve their local inflammation.

Types of lymphadenopathy

Like any disease, lymphadenitis has its own varieties, stages and forms. Treatment of lymph nodes directly depends on these indicators.

Nonspecific lymphadenitis, for example, can be acute or chronic. At the same time, there is also a division into serous, fibrinous, purulent or hemorrhagic.

A nonspecific type of disease is caused by the penetration of pyogenic bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci, etc.) into the lymph node. If this happened due to damage and suppuration of the skin tissue in the area of ​​the lymph node, then such lymphadenitis is considered an independent primary disease.

Acute nonspecific lymphadenitis, in the absence of proper treatment, can have complications: the formation of lymphatic fistulas, thrombophlebitis, and the spread of purulent infection to other organs.

Specific lymphadenitis is always secondary - it is the body’s response to the progression of tuberculosis, syphilis, actinomycosis, plague, etc.

Diagnosis of the disease

If you suspect lymphadenitis, you should immediately contact a physician or surgeon. The doctor can make a diagnosis by listening to the patient's complaints and conducting an external examination.

One of the key diagnostic methods is puncture and examination of the composition of the punctate. Sometimes a biopsy is used, but only in cases where the puncture did not bring more or less clear results. X-ray contrast lymphography and scanning methods help to study the pathological processes that occur in the lymphatic system.

But in order to understand the true causes of lymphadenitis, it is necessary to conduct additional research and exclude the possibility of infectious diseases. For tuberculosis, Mantoux and Pirquet tests are taken and an X-ray of the lungs is taken. Syphilitic lymphadenitis is detected at the puncture stage.

Additional research methods include MRI of the affected area, CT and ultrasound of the lymphatic vessels.

Treatment of lymph nodes with traditional means

Acute nonspecific lymphadenitis at the initial stage can be controlled with the help of antibiotic therapy, for which agents are selected that are most effective in combating a particular group of purulent bacteria. UHF therapy is also actively used. Purulent lymphadenitis rarely occurs without surgical intervention, since it is necessary to open abscesses and other purulent formations and clean them of exudate - this is the only way to stop the inflammatory process.

Treatment of lymph nodes under the armpit or in the neck for chronic nonspecific lymphadenitis will be effective only if the underlying disease causing the enlargement of the nodes is eliminated.

The same applies to the treatment of specific lymphadenitis. If, for example, tuberculosis caused inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck, treatment will include both methods of actively combating tuberculosis and local treatment procedures: injections of streptomycin into the affected node, compresses with tubazide ointment. Treatment of nodes enlarged due to syphilis is accompanied by injections of penicillin.

Treatment of lymph nodes with folk remedies

The use of folk remedies is possible only after agreeing on this issue with the attending physician, otherwise complications can be provoked. Treatment of lymph nodes at home is carried out using special compresses and tinctures.

Compress No. 1

To perform the procedure, you need to buy echinacea tincture at the pharmacy and mix it with warm water in approximately a 1:2 ratio. Cotton wool or a bandage soaked in the solution should be applied to the diseased lymph node, secured, and left overnight. Treatment of lymph nodes at home using such a compress is one of the most effective.

Compress No. 2

In an enamel bowl you need to place a teaspoon of St. John's wort herb and one spoon each of walnut, mistletoe and yarrow leaves. The herbs are poured with a glass of water and brought to a boil, then simmer over low heat for 5 minutes with the lid closed.

Treatment of lymph nodes with this decoction is carried out only after it has been filtered: soaking cotton fabric in a herbal decoction, you need to apply a compress to the inflamed node for two weeks at night.

Decoction for oral administration

It is necessary to obtain young pine shoots in such a volume that, crushed, they fit into a 2-liter jar. The shoots are placed in an enamel pan, filled with three liters of water and brought to a boil. Over low heat, with the lid on, the broth is boiled for about 2 hours. After 2 hours, the broth is removed from the stove and filtered into another enamel bowl. You need to add a tablespoon of sugar to it, boil again and cook for 2 hours.

Treatment of lymph nodes with folk remedies (decoctions) lasts quite a long time - for a month. For 30-40 days you need to drink pine decoction - a tablespoon twice a day after meals.

Prevention of lymphadenitis

Any disease brings little pleasure, and treatment of lymph nodes in the neck or anywhere else takes a long time and causes inconvenience. Therefore, it is more profitable, of course, to prevent such diseases.

What happens if, for example, treatment of lymph nodes in children or adults is not timely? The situation will worsen after some time, the pathological process will begin to provoke more and more malfunctions in the functioning of the lymphatic system: lymphatic drainage will be disrupted, scarring of the lymphoid tissue will occur and lymphedema will develop.

How can you prevent inflammation of the lymph nodes? Treatment and prevention of the disease are based on the implementation of a number of rules.

1. Firstly, abrasions, all kinds of wounds and other damage to the epidermis should not be left without proper medical treatment.
2. Secondly, it is necessary to avoid microtraumas of the skin.
3. Thirdly, it is worth visiting dentists on time, and in the dermatologist’s office to get rid of boils and other purulent formations that can become a source of infection.
4. Fourthly, it is imperative to visit a doctor if you have symptoms of inflammatory processes in the body. After all, the cause of illness can be actinomycosis, syphilis, gonorrhea, tuberculosis and other diseases that require immediate treatment.

Enlarged lymph nodes causes, symptoms, treatment

Lymph nodes are the main part of the lymphatic system. They are reliable protection for the body. The main lymph nodes are located in the back of the head, neck, behind the ears, and armpits. Often the inguinal, submandibular, popliteal and elbow muscles can become enlarged. The norm should be no more than 1 cm. Despite this, you need to remember that the size depends on where the lymph nodes are located, and the individual characteristics of the human body are taken into account.

Symptoms of enlarged lymph nodes

Those that become inflamed often enlarge due to the fact that they lose their elasticity, become lumpy, very painful, and make it difficult for a person to move. When the inflammation is chronic, the lymph nodes may become abnormally shaped because they fuse with nearby tissue. The skin on the affected area is swollen, red and very painful.

During the inflammatory process of the lymph nodes, it is important to pay attention to other symptoms. High body temperature often rises, headaches and chills occur, the patient refuses food and becomes weak.

You may notice a lump on the affected area, because the lymph nodes begin to swell greatly, the patient cannot talk or swallow. Symptoms are caused by an inflammatory process.

Causes of enlarged lymph nodes

1. Due to an infectious disease.

2. In autoimmune pathological processes, most often lupus erythematosus.

3. In cases of a malignant or benign tumor in the lymphatic system - lymphoma, lymphohemangioma, lymphogranulomatosis.

4. Due to a cancerous tumor in internal system organs and tissues, when it spreads to the lymph nodes.

Treatment of enlarged lymph nodes

Before starting therapy, you need to find out about the disease due to which the lymph nodes are inflamed. Most often, the doctor prescribes treatment with Prednisone, Medrol and other drugs. Warming and compresses are prohibited. All this can only aggravate the process and lead to an abscess.

When the lymph nodes are enlarged due to influenza, ARVI, or tonsillitis, there is no need to treat them further. After recovery, they will recover on their own; if this does not happen, you should immediately contact your doctor.

First you need to relieve pain from the affected area. Then you will additionally need to be examined by an infectious disease specialist, oncologist, or surgeon. If the lymph nodes in the neck are enlarged, they may be a consequence of a viral infection, ear or dental diseases.

Some experts advise using rubbing, compresses, ichthyol ointment, camphor. The ointment is rubbed in extremely carefully so as not to injure the painful area.

You will have to give up perfumes, other cosmetic products, tonics, creams, deodorants, because of them the inflammatory process may worsen.

A simple and effective way to treat enlarged lymph nodes is this: you will need a terry towel, soak it in boiling water, squeeze it thoroughly and apply it to the inflamed area. You need to be extremely careful with such methods; some doctors prescribe compresses. Others, on the contrary, strictly prohibit doing this, as the inflammation may spread further.

It is recommended to eat foods rich in vitamin C, this way you can quickly restore the lymphatic system. Also, the diet should contain as many fruits, vegetables, and juices as possible. You cannot use a mesh containing iodine; it will lead to severe inflammation and damage the lymph node.

Traditional methods of treating enlarged lymph nodes

1. You will need echinacea tincture; it must be diluted in a glass of warm water. Then take gauze, soak it in the solution and apply it to the inflamed area. This should be done before bed. It is also recommended to use echinacea internally; dilute 25 drops of echinacea in 80 ml of warm water and drink before meals - in the morning, during the day and at night.

2. An effective way is to bake an onion. It needs to be baked with the husk. Afterwards, you need to wait until the onion has cooled, pull out the pulp from the husk, and mash it. Then add birch tar - one teaspoon. The resulting mixture should be placed on gauze and applied to the inflamed area before going to bed.

3. For the healing recipe you will need: dried blackberry leaves - three tablespoons, birch leaves - two tablespoons, pre-crushed wheatgrass root, add budra, immortelle. Mix everything thoroughly and place in an enamel bowl, pour 600 ml of boiling water. Boil for 20 minutes. Drink after meals no more than twice a day to avoid side effects.

4. Relieves inflammation from the lymph nodes with a decoction of resinous pine twigs, and you need to cut it, then put it in a bowl, add two liters of water, then cook for about an hour. Then you need to add 200 grams of sugar and leave to cook for 2 hours. Drink in small sips three times a day.

Diagnosis of enlarged lymph nodes

The first step is to find out the reason why the lymph nodes are enlarged. If the disease is advanced, the lymph node can be very painful. Often inflammation can be caused by a wound that is nearby, because a large number of different bacteria accumulate in it. The doctor should pay attention to symptoms such as fever, weakness, headaches, and refusal to eat. An experienced doctor will immediately notice an enlarged lymph node.

So, enlarged lymph nodes are difficult to miss and impossible to touch. This symptom is dangerous; if you do not get rid of the frozen lymph node in time, a malignant tumor may occur. You cannot independently treat lymph nodes that are accompanied by high fever and bring a feeling of discomfort when swallowing. In this situation, you need to undergo additional examination. You can treat enlarged lymph nodes in different ways, but it is best to prefer traditional ones, they are less harmful. In severe cases, hospitalization and a full course of therapy are necessary to protect against the formation of a malignant tumor.

How to treat inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck?

Answers:

Elen Kuznetsova

The cause of the inflammation must be found, and first of all, the sore throat must be cured. Under no circumstances should you warm the lymph nodes. If several groups of lymph nodes are inflamed, make an appointment with a hematologist. My son constantly has problems with lymph nodes.

Lisa

I need an antibiotic, Vishnevsky ointment, and then physio

Mhlu

WE STRENGTHEN ANTI-MICROBIAL IMMUNITY.
A signal of weakened antimicrobial immunity, in mild cases, is the presence of a burning sensation on the skin of the extremities (inflammatory processes in the lungs, larynx, throat, kidneys, etc.). The presence of aches, aching pain in the bones and joints of the legs and arms is already a signal of a strong suppression of antimicrobial immunity (rheumatism, polyarthritis, arthritis). Let's strengthen or restore immunity, that is, the body's defense mechanism. To do this, rub the back of the hand and the outer area of ​​the forearm up to and including the elbow. When rubbing your legs, you should start by lifting your foot, rubbing your shin on all sides. We rub our knees, knead them between our palms. Rubbing is carried out day after day until the burning sensation completely disappears, and in case of severe weakening of the immune system, until complete relief from aches and pain in the bones and joints of both hands and feet. At elevated temperatures, rubbing should be carried out up to 8-10 times a day for 2-3 minutes of exposure to the limb. What effect can you expect? First of all, this is a decrease in temperature from high numbers to 37.5 degrees Celsius and below. The effect develops literally in 20-30 minutes. Pain and aches may go away, in some cases even after the first exposure

Tatiana

You don’t have to do anything yourself, go see a therapist first. There can be many reasons.

Bagheera

Warming up with salt helps!

Aliya Usmanova

Just not Vishnevsky's ointment! If it only hurts, but there are no external manifestations, then you can make a compress with 20% dimexide. Dilute with water 1:4. And for 30 minutes. But if there is also an increase in size, redness of the skin over the node, it is better to immediately go to the surgeon. And remember, the lymph node reacts to any infection (tooth, ENT organs, blood, etc.)

Tatiana Mishchenko

Immediately go to the doctor for an appointment, urgently take a general blood test (check lymphocytes in the blood) and no warming up or Vishnevsky ointment is IMPOSSIBLE.

Korolevo4ka

The lymph nodes themselves do not become inflamed. There is some kind of inflammatory process in the body. Eliminate it, and then the lymph nodes will return to normal.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the lungs is a marker characterizing a systemic disorder in the body. The lymphatic system is a biological filter for the entire body, and it consists of 150 separate localizations. Pulmonary localization of the lesion, as a rule, signals disorders in the intrathoracic region of various etiologies.

Inflammation can be a symptom of other diseases, or characterize a separate lesion of the lymphatic barrier. In some cases, severe pathologies are diagnosed, with a potentially severe outcome. Therefore, a timely visit to a medical institution allows you to select the most gentle and adequate therapeutic tactics aimed at treating the causes that caused the changes.

The causes of damage to the lymphatic system are due to its functionality. The function of the lymphatic vessels is to collect and drain protein fluid, which returns to the bloodstream.

The main role of small vessels is to absorb tissue fluid and metabolic products at the cellular level. In this case, lymph is produced, which is the basis for blood plasma.

The resulting fluid is removed by larger vessels passing through the nodes. This nodal complex is a biological filter that allows various substances and microorganisms to pass through it. These foreign biological agents may lead to abnormal reactions.

There can be many reasons for inflammation of the pulmonary lymph nodes, and some of them are not fully understood.

However, the main mechanism is set in motion as a response against the background of the following etiological signs:

• infectious;
• reactive;
• malignant.

The protective lymphatic barrier is closely linked to all processes occurring in the bronchopulmonary system. The development of infectious pathologies in the intrathoracic region provokes an inflammatory reaction in the nodes.

At the same time, their defeat associated with the infectious component occurs against the background of normal reactivity of the body. When pathogenic microorganisms enter the respiratory system, they cause an inflammatory reaction on the mucous membrane.

Significantly increased blood flow leads to swelling of the lymphatic system and an increase in its size. The pathogen is subsequently “attacked” by the immune system and broken down. The formed necrotic mass penetrates the lymphatic bed, where they are finally suppressed and the inflammatory reaction begins.

Important! One of the pathological mechanisms is the replacement of lymphoid tissues with fibrous tissue. A similar granulomatous transformation occurs in sarcoidosis. The reasons for the development of this disease have not been precisely established. It is assumed that it is based on genetic and autoimmune changes.

Autoimmune pathologies cause damage to the intrathoracic lymphatic system. The mechanism itself is that the body’s immunity directs antigenic bodies to suppress healthy cells. This can be seen with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Important! An inflammatory reaction can occur against the background of drug damage. This is due to an allergic reaction to certain medications during vaccination.

The video in this article will talk about what causes inflammation of the lymph nodes.

Pathological changes that occur against the background of cancerous damage to the lymph nodes in the lungs lead to the development of lymphomas. These new formations can merge, thereby forming huge conglomerates.

When metastasizing, malignant cells primarily affect the lymph nodes closest to the tumor. Therefore, inflammation of the lymph nodes is determined by their location relative to the cancerous tumor. Morphological transformations occur due to the rapid increase in malignant cells and their replacement of healthy tissues.

Diseases leading to inflammation of the lymph nodes

Inflammation of the lymph nodes surrounding the bronchopulmonary system in most cases signals the presence of a disease, as a result of which the biological filter gets in the way of progressive pathology. By passing through all the components of the pathological process, the defense mechanism is damaged, which is expressed in its increase and inflammatory reaction.

The main diseases against which pathological changes occur in the lymphatic system of the lungs are presented in the table:

The inflammatory reaction in the intrathoracic nodes is characteristic of many pathologies. The development of the underlying disease acts as a factor against which pathological changes occur in the lymphatic system as a whole.

Symptoms

The clinical picture of inflammation of the lymph nodes depends on the underlying disease, and depending on the root cause, it has a number of features. The doctor examining the patient does not separate the source of inflammation from the underlying disease. Nevertheless, instructions for diagnosing the disease suggest recording the size of the nodes, their location and the nature of the inflammation.

Tumor damage can lead to swelling of adjacent tissues, which causes respiratory symptoms such as coughing and shortness of breath. If an enlarged node during tuberculosis touches the trachea, then this condition manifests itself, also with a cough.

Granulomatous lesions in sarcoidosis, along with breathing problems, are manifested by pain syndromes in the chest area.

The main clinical symptoms associated with damage to the lymph nodes in the lungs are as follows:

• increased temperature, fever, sweating;
• cough;
• pain in the chest;
• breathing problems;
• difficulty swallowing.

Low-grade fever is observed when the process is chronic; an increase to 40° C is associated with infectious pathologies. A paroxysmal and tickling cough is caused by compression of the bronchi by enlarged lymph nodes.

Pain in the chest area can occur when inflamed and enlarged nodes come into contact with nerve endings. The place where the lesion has developed will be the source of emanating pain.

Difficulty breathing and the occurrence of shortness of breath are associated with compression of the respiratory tract, increased in volume by the biological filter. Abnormal contact with the esophagus by the enlarged paratracheal group leads to problems with the passage of food.

Diagnostics

The development of clinical signs of intrathoracic localization, and, accordingly, the appearance of signs of pain in the lymphatic system requires the appointment of an in-depth differential examination.

To identify the affected groups, the degree of their involvement and the root cause of the pathology, the following diagnostic measures are carried out:

• blood analysis– during inflammation, an increase in ESR, lymphocytosis, leukocytosis is detected;
• radiography– the group of involved foci and pathological processes in the pulmonary area are determined;
• CT scan– tomography images clearly show inflamed localizations located symmetrically; layer-by-layer images make it possible to identify the position and size of painful lesions.
• transbronchial biopsy– a histological examination is carried out with the obtained biopsy of the contents of the node; the method is especially effective in confirming the oncological process.

Important! X-ray examination may not reveal the painful condition of some groups of nodes. They are closed by nearby organs or arteries. The necessary information content is achieved by performing oblique and lateral projections.

Along with the main methods, additional examination is carried out in order to obtain more detailed information about the patient’s condition. To do this, a urine test and liver biochemistry are performed; tuberculosis suspicion is ruled out by the Mantoux test.

Treatment

A peculiarity of the treatment of inflamed lymph nodes is the impossibility of carrying out separate therapeutic measures. Treatment is aimed primarily at the underlying pathology and depends and depends on its etiology.

The principle of treatment for infectious lesions is as follows:

• antibacterial therapy;
• antitussives;
• antipyretic drugs;

Anti-tuberculosis therapy consists of the use of antimycobacterial drugs (Rifampicin, Ethambutol, Streptomycin). The cost of treatment increases significantly with malignant lesions, both of the nodes themselves and of the lungs.

In this case, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are used. Ineffective antitumor conservative treatment leads to surgery with segmental or complete removal of the node.

Therapeutic approaches vary dramatically. Their appointment is carried out after a comprehensive examination and with the permission of the attending physician.

Prevention and prognosis

Measures to prevent the inflammatory process have not been found. The inflammatory process in the lymph nodes is considered a symptomatic manifestation of the underlying disease. Therefore, it is impossible to prevent the individual manifestation of this clinical sign.

The outcome of node damage is related to the underlying cause of the pathology. If the underlying disease is benign, the prognosis is favorable.

In case of a malignant course, the prognosis is influenced by many indicators; the consequences in most cases are not reassuring. Timely access to a medical facility significantly increases the chances of a good result.

Complications

Pathological changes in the biological filter in the lung area are, in most cases, a secondary process. This symptom is already a complication of the underlying pathology, and indicates that the body’s biological barrier has activated a defense mechanism. Complications and outcome depend on the disease that led to the inflammatory process.

• With pneumonia, blockage of the lymphatic pathways may occur, deterioration of the drainage and filtering function of the nodes, with further progression of the infectious process.
• Tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes can lead to tuberculous lesions of the bronchi. A frequent complication may be interlobar pleurisy. Emptying of caseous masses is possible, with further spread of infection to the mediastinum.
• A complication of malignant lesions of the lymphatic system can be the transition of atypical cells into the bloodstream, with further migration to other organs.
• In sarcoidosis, pulmonary infiltration of the node area can cause pulmonary failure, emphysema, cor pulmonale, and heart failure.

An enlarged lymph node due to inflammation worsens bronchial function, disrupts blood flow, and compresses the esophagus.

Among the common symptoms of a fairly wide range of diseases, there is an increase in lymph nodes in the lungs - pulmonary, hilar bronchopulmonary, peribronchial or paratracheal. Since lymph nodes are an integral part of the body’s immune system, their enlargement, detected by X-ray, CT or MRI of the lungs, is one of the clinical signs of pathologies of infectious or oncological origin.

Enlarged lymph nodes can be called lymphadenopathy, hyperplasia, and even enlarged lymph node syndrome (in patients with AIDS), but in any case, the pathology has the same code R59 in accordance with ICD-10, and subclass R includes symptoms and abnormalities, that are detected in patients during a medical examination.

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ICD-10 code

R59 Enlarged lymph nodes

Epidemiology

To date, there are no accurate statistics on cases of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs, as well as lymphadenopathy of other localizations. But the increase in palpable nodes (behind the ear, submandibular, cervical, etc.) associated with infections in childhood, according to experts from the British Paediatric Association, varies from 38-45%, and this is one of the most common clinical problems in pediatrics.

According to the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the degree of malignant lymph node enlargement correlates with age, increasing from 17.5-20% in 18-35 year old patients to 60% among older patients. And in children this is most often a consequence of leukemia, and in adolescents - Hodgkin lymphoma.

Benign reactive lymphadenopathy accounts for an average of 30% of cases, and enlarged lymph nodes in non-tumor diseases account for 26%.

Causes of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs

The increase in nodes localized in the lungs (intrapulmonary) occurs in response to the main pathological process of the disease - thanks to their T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendrites, lymphatic follicles and other protective factors of lymphoid tissue.

The main diseases associated with the causes of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs include:

• pneumonia caused by staphylococci and beta-hemolytic streptococcus, as well as pneumococcal pneumonia ;
• pulmonary tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis);
• tuberculosis of the lymph nodes (with pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis);
• fibrous lung disease with systemic lupus erythematosus or amyloidosis;
• acute or chronic forms of bronchopulmonary mycoses caused by aerogenic infection of the respiratory system with the fungi Histoplasma capsulatum (histoplasmosis), the mold Aspergillus fumigatus (aspergillosis), the yeast-like fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis (pulmonary blastomycosis);
• exogenous allergic alveolitis(allergic pneumonitis);
• chronic pulmonary occupational diseases – silicosis and pneumoconiosis;
• cancer of the lymph nodes - lymphogranulomatosis (Hodgkin's lymphoma), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (lymphosarcoma);
• lungs' cancer(adenocarcinoma, carciosarcoma, paraganglioma, etc.);
• acute lymphoblastic leukemia (a form of leukemia associated with malignant damage to the hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow);
• metastases to the pulmonary lymph nodes from malignant tumors of the esophagus, mediastinum, thyroid or breast. See also - Metastases in lymph nodes

Depending on the cause of the disease and the mechanism of action on the lymphoid tissue, the types of this pathology are distinguished: infectious, reactive and malignant. Thus, during an infection with lymph flow, phagocytes with captured antigens and cells killed by inflammatory necrosis enter and accumulate in the nodes. For example, in tuberculosis patients, the mycobacterium M. tuberculosis that has entered the lymph nodes is absorbed by macrophages with the formation of phagolysosomes, the formation of granulomas and the development of caseous necrosis of lymphoid tissue.

Granulomatous changes in the lymph nodes (with the displacement of lymphoid tissue by fibrous tissue) are also observed in sarcoidosis, the etiology of which is still unknown to medicine (although autoimmune and genetic causes of its occurrence cannot be ruled out).

In cases of reactive enlargement of lymph nodes in the lungs, the dominant pathological process is the increased proliferation of their follicles, which is provoked by autoimmune diseases - when the body's immune system produces antigens against healthy cells, as happens, in particular, with systemic lupus erythematosus.

When the lymph nodes in the lungs are enlarged and malignant, lymphomas with abnormal cell proliferation are formed. And with metastases, lymphoproliferative disorders are caused by the infiltration of healthy tissues by atypical (cancerous) cells and their proliferation, which leads to pathological morphological changes.

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Symptoms of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs

As clinicians emphasize, enlargement of lymph nodes in the lungs is a consequence of the development of diseases, and information regarding the size of intrapulmonary lymph nodes (diameter > 2 cm) can only be obtained by visualizing them.

So the symptoms of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs are not distinguished from the clinical picture as causing the disease. Although when examining lymph nodes in the lungs, not only their size, location and quantity are recorded, but also the presence of an inflammatory process, granuloma, necrosis (caseous or in the form of an abscess), pulmonary infiltrates, etc.

A tumor of the intrapulmonary lymph node can cause swelling of adjacent tissues or obstruction of lymphatic vessels, which leads to respiratory symptoms: persistent dry cough, wheezing, shortness of breath.

Symptoms of calcified lymph nodes, such as those caused by histoplasmosis or tuberculosis, may also include coughing when the enlarged node protrudes into the trachea.

Complications and consequences

In most cases, consequences and complications are associated with the course of the underlying disease. And complications of an enlarged lymph node in the lungs include the formation of an abscess or phlegmon, the formation of fistulas, and the development of septicemia.

Enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum can lead to bronchial or tracheal obstruction, esophageal stricture, and impaired blood flow in the superior vena cava.

Pulmonary infiltration of the lymph nodes in sarcoidosis can lead to scarring and irreversible pulmonary fibrosis, severe pulmonary dysfunction, and heart failure.

In the case of tuberculous lesions of the intrathoracic lymph nodes with caseous contents, their rupture and infection may spread to other structures of the mediastinum.

With malignant enlargement of intrapulmonary lymph nodes, metabolic complications arise: increased levels of uric acid in the blood, electrolyte imbalance, and functional renal failure.

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Diagnosis of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs

Diagnosis of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs is, first of all, instrumental diagnostics using radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET).

Based on the results, a biopsy of the hyperplastic node (endoscopic, bronchoscopic or excisional) and immunohistochemical examination of the resulting tissue sample may be required. The results of the biopsy are especially important if there is a suspicion of a malignant tumor of the lymph node, and there are also serious doubts about the diagnosis of the disease in which the pathological change in the lymph node was detected. Blood tests are also necessary: ​​general and biochemical, for antibodies, for immune status and tumor markers. Skin tests are done for tuberculosis and sarcoidosis.

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Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis based on the results of biopsy histology is necessary to determine the benignity (or malignancy) of lymph node hyperplasia - in order to establish the correct diagnosis.

Treatment of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs

Considering that hyperplastic intrapulmonary lymph nodes appear in various pathologies, the main therapeutic efforts are aimed at these diseases, and separate treatment of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs is simply impossible.

When the underlying cause is a bacterial infection, antibiotics are used; For bronchopulmonary mycoses, doctors prescribe systemic antifungal drugs. To reduce inflammation, steroid hormone medications (corticosteroids) or NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) may be used. In all cases, it is recommended to take vitamins A and E.

And when enlarged lymph nodes cause tissue degeneration and abscess formation, surgical treatment may be required.

In cases of malignant enlargement of lymph nodes in the lungs, treatment may include radiation, drug treatment with chemotherapy drugs and surgery - anatomical segmentectomy or resection of the entire node (lymphadenectomy).

The disease is considered non-infectious; it is not transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person. Sarcoidosis usually affects people as young as age. The cause of the disease is not fully understood. What symptoms accompany sarcoidosis? What treatment is indicated for this disease?

Causes

Since the causes of the disease are not fully understood, theories of the occurrence of sarcoidosis are put forward based on the research conducted. According to one version, it is believed that inflammation of the lymph nodes is infectious. It is assumed that the causative agents of the disease are microorganisms (fungi, spirochetes, mycobacteria and others).

Based on some observations, conclusions were drawn about the hereditary nature of inflammation of the lymph nodes. The disease is also associated with impaired protective functions of the immune system. There are studies that indicate the frequency of inflammation of the lymph nodes in people of certain professions.

Sarcoid granulomas initially affect the alveolar tissue, causing interstitial pneumonitis or alveolitis. With the further development of sarcoidosis of the lymph nodes, they put pressure on the walls of the bronchi, which contributes to impaired hyperventilation. Timely treatment of sarcoidosis is difficult, since the symptoms of the initial phase of the disease are practically absent.

Classification of inflammation of the lymph nodes of the lungs

At the onset of the disease, the intrathoracic lymph nodes become enlarged. It can manifest itself in combination with changes in the external lymph nodes: neck, armpits, groin and elbow area. There are three stages of disease development:

• Stage I is characterized by damage to the intrathoracic lymph nodes;
• Stage II is detected on x-ray with lung damage without the formation of fibrosis;
• Stage III is characterized by focal and diffuse fibrosis, the cardiopulmonary system suffers.

There are also several phases of development of sarcoidosis:

During the phase of reverse development, resorption of granulomas in the tissues of the lungs and lymph nodes is possible. The course of the disease varies, it can develop gradually without showing symptoms, or begin suddenly and progress very quickly.

Symptoms

Inflammation of the lymph nodes, which develops gradually, has nonspecific symptoms. Most often, sarcoidosis is detected by X-ray examination. The following symptoms are characteristic of inflammation of the lymph nodes:

• increased fatigue, weakness;
• feeling of morning fatigue immediately after a night's sleep;
• periods of feeling cheerful, often followed by fatigue;
• depressive state.

Sudden onset of the disease is rare. Symptoms characteristic of this stage often look like this:

• increased body temperature, fever, sweating;
• pain and sensations of pressure, heaviness in the chest and back;
• burning under the shoulder blade;
• soreness in muscle and joint tissues.

The pressure of the lymph nodes on the bronchi causes their inflammation, and symptoms such as coughing with sputum appear. If there are no complications in the form of inflamed lymph nodes (pericervical, inguinal), then treatment of the acute stage does not cause difficulties. If symptoms of inflammation of the peripheral lymph nodes are present, then long-term therapy is carried out, which is complicated by frequent relapses.

Diagnostics

To make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment, clinical and radiological examination methods are used, which indicate the presence of sarcoid granulomas. At stages I and II, only radiological data are sufficient.

If it is necessary to clarify the diagnosis, a transbronchial biopsy is prescribed, that is, sampling the contents of the lymph node.

They also conduct blood and urine tests, biochemistry of the liver and kidneys. To exclude the possibility of tuberculosis, Mantoux tests are performed. As a rule, with this disease the Mantoux reaction is negative.

A blood test reveals an increase in ESR, manifestations of leukocytosis, lymphocytosis. X-rays reveal enlarged lymph nodes and focal dissemination. Histological examination of the biopsy specimen shows the presence of epithelioid granulomas (in the absence of necrosis).

Pathological changes associated with inflammation of the lymph nodes are bilateral and located symmetrically. This is especially clearly seen in computer or magnetic resonance imaging images of the thoracic region. After diagnostic measures are carried out and a diagnosis is made, dynamic observation is carried out for six months.

Sarcoidosis often occurs without deterioration of the patient’s condition, and the granulomas gradually resolve. In case of severe disease, drug treatment is started.

Treatment

The progressive form of inflammation of the lymph nodes of the lungs is dangerous due to its complications. If treatment is not carried out on time, the risk of tuberculosis, emphysema, and respiratory failure increases. Long-term course treatment includes the following drugs:

• steroid drugs, usually prescribed Prednisolone;
• anti-inflammatory drugs;
• immunosuppressants;
• antioxidants.

Treatment with Prednisolone begins with a high dose, and the dosage is reduced over 3-4 months. During combination therapy, Prednisolone is used with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. During treatment procedures, the patient is registered with a dispensary. After complete recovery, the patient is observed in the dispensary for two years. If signs of the disease do not appear during this period, then the person is removed from the register.

The information is provided for general information only and cannot be used for self-medication.

You should not self-medicate, it can be dangerous. Always consult your doctor.

When partially or completely copying materials from the site, an active link to it is required. All rights reserved.

Enlarged intrathoracic lymph nodes

An increase in the size of lymph nodes is one of the indicative symptoms of disorders in the human body. A reaction from the lymphatic system most often indicates an inflammatory, infectious or tumor process in a certain area from which lymph is collected. Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the lungs or mediastinal complex is a common sign of disorders within the chest cavity. Early detection of changes allows you to choose the necessary diagnostic tactics and adequate therapy.

Lymph nodes of the lungs

The human lymphatic system is represented by a complex of small and major vessels and nodes located throughout the body next to the arteries and veins. The presented structures provide the function of nonspecific immunity due to adequate drainage of normal and pathologically altered tissues, barrier functions of the node, as well as differentiation of blood lymphocytes.

Intrathoracic lymph nodes (HTNL) are located around the organs and tissues of the mediastinum, ensuring adequate drainage of fluid. Normally, the number of VGLUs consists of painless formations, round in shape, up to 5 millimeters in size. On classic chest radiography, groups of mediastinal lymph nodes are not visualized.

Depending on the location and function performed, visceral (organ) and parietal (parietal) groups of nodes are distinguished.

The parietal lymph nodes are represented by a complex of formations along the anterior and posterior walls of the chest cavity. These include intercostal, prevertebral and parasternal lymph nodes. The parietal group of formations ensures the outflow of lymph from the muscles, skin and fascia of the chest wall, as well as the parietal pleura (serous membrane).

According to the classification of D.A. Zhdanov distinguishes the following groups of visceral lymph nodes that collect lymph from the tracheobronchial tree, lungs, heart, esophagus and mediastinal soft tissue complex:

• Paratracheal (near-tracheal).
• The tracheobronchial group is located on the lateral surfaces of the trachea and medium-sized bronchi.
• Bifurcation lymph nodes are localized in the area of ​​bifurcation of the trachea into the right and left bronchus. This group is regional for the pathological process in the large bronchi.
• Bronchopulmonary, which are located near the roots of the lungs, around the main bronchi, and provide drainage of fluid from the lung tissue.

In addition, the group of intrathoracic lymph nodes includes supradiaphragmatic and paraaortic, which are located around the arches and ascending aorta.

Causes of enlargement and inflammation of lymph nodes in the lungs

Lymphatic capillaries collect tissue fluid and intracellular metabolic products, forming a derivative of blood plasma with a large amount of lipids (lymph). The outflow is carried out with the help of lymphatic vessels that pass through nodes - complexes of lymphoid tissue. The latter are an “ultrafilter” for foreign particles and abnormal antigen-antibody complexes.

Enlarged lymph nodes are most often associated with two mechanisms presented in the table:

Bacterial, viral or aseptic inflammation (lymphadenitis)

Local and diffuse infectious processes in the bronchopulmonary system complex are accompanied by the development of inflammation in the lymph nodes of the lungs. The penetration of a bacterium or virus causes a reaction from the bronchial mucosa, and inflammatory mediators are released. In addition, blood flow increases, which causes swelling of the lymphoid tissue and an increase in the size of the lymph node

Non-inflammatory process (lymphadenopathy)

Most often, lymph nodes become enlarged due to increased proliferation of lymphoid tissue during malignant processes or metastatic lesions.

Adenopathy is based on the uncontrolled proliferation of atypical cells of lymphoid tissue

Inflammatory changes in the lymph nodes occur against the background of normal reactivity of the human immune system. Leukocytes (neutrophils and lymphocytes) enter the lesion site through the bloodstream, which destroy the infectious agent and contribute to the breakdown of damaged cells. After this, tissue detritus (the resulting necrotic mass) is dissolved by proteolytic enzymes of the blood plasma and enters the lymphatic capillaries.

The residual amount of inflammatory mediators and weakened infectious agents are neutralized in the lymph node, causing inflammation of the latter. The presence of a natural barrier of lymphoid tissue prevents pathogens from entering the systemic bloodstream (at the confluence of the vessels of the lymphatic and circulatory systems).

Clinical symptoms of inflammation of the pulmonary lymph nodes

The presence of pathologies inside the chest cavity with damage to the lymph nodes is accompanied by severe clinical symptoms:

• An increase in temperature to 38-40° C in infectious diseases, low-grade fever (37.5° C) in the chronic course of an inflammatory or tumor process.
• Chest pain, which occurs due to mechanical compression of nerve endings, stretching of the capsule of an enlarged lymph node, or tissue breakdown during malignant processes. The localization of the pain syndrome depends on which group the lymph flows to from the source of inflammation.
• Dyspnea (breathing difficulty). The presence of an enlarged lymph node in the chest is accompanied by the risk of compression of the respiratory tract. In such cases, patients complain of difficulty inhaling or exhaling, a feeling of lack of air, and tightness in the chest.
• Dysphagia (impaired swallowing) occurs due to a significant increase in the size of the paratracheal lymph nodes, which compress the esophagus from the side and prevent the normal passage of food.

When large main vessels of the thoracic cavity are involved in the process, a symptom of massive proliferation of lymph nodes in the mediastinum is pulsation of the neck veins due to impaired blood outflow.

Diseases that occur with enlargement and inflammation of the lymph nodes in the lungs

Damage to the lymph nodes of the chest cavity is most often a secondary process, a protective reaction of the body to an existing pathology. The most common reasons why intrathoracic lymph nodes are enlarged are the following diseases:

• Pneumonia is inflammation of the lungs. Depending on the location of the outbreak, certain groups of lymph nodes react. Hilar pneumonia is most often accompanied by the involvement of bronchopulmonary ones, and the segmental or focal version of the disease - intrapulmonary lymph nodes.
• Acute or chronic bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the bronchial mucosa. Drainage of pathological contents occurs through a group of bronchial nodes with the development of bronchoadenitis.
• Pleurisy is an inflammation of the serous membrane (pleura) lining the chest cavity. The consequences of this disease can be localized purulent cavities - abscesses.
• Malignant neoplasms. Cancer cells spread from the primary focus through the lymphatic vessels to the nodes, causing inflammation, as a result of which the latter begin to enlarge.
• Various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, which are characterized by the involvement of lymphatic vessels and nodes in the process with the formation of the primary tuberculosis complex.
• Lymphogranulomatosis is a systemic oncological pathology of the lymphocyte system, with predominant damage to the lymph nodes. It is characterized by polylymphadenopathy - an increase in all groups of lymph nodes in the body.

Important! Systemic enlargement of lymph nodes is also present in infectious mononucleosis, a viral disease with which differential diagnosis of lymphogranulomatosis is carried out.

What examinations will you have to undergo if you suspect enlargement or inflammation of the pulmonary lymph nodes?

The appearance of clinical symptoms of diseases of the chest cavity requires differential diagnosis. In order to determine the location of the lesion, the number of structures involved and the main cause of the disorders, the following research methods are used:

• Complete blood count: An increase in white blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate may be a sign of active inflammation in the body.
• X-ray of the chest cavity (in direct and lateral projection) allows you to see the presence of pathological processes in the lung tissue, as well as the degree of involvement of the bronchial and hilar lymph nodes. The bifurcation group is visualized only on the lateral image.
• Computed tomography (CT) is an X-ray method that determines the exact location and size of lesions in the mediastinal organs and lymph nodes on layer-by-layer images.
• A needle biopsy of a lymph node is used when previous methods have failed to determine the cause of enlarged lymph nodes. Most often used when cancer is suspected.

Important! For malignant neoplasms, before a biopsy, specific laboratory tests are used for the presence of tumor markers

Which doctors treat lymphadenopathy and lymphadenitis localized in the lungs

The polyetiological nature of hilar lymphadenopathy of the lymph nodes determines the circle of specialists who are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of the main pathology:

• Therapist and pulmonologist specialize in the conservative treatment of uncomplicated forms of pneumonia, pleurisy and bronchitis.
• The surgeon is involved in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of complications of pneumonia or pleurisy, as well as isolated purulent lymphadenitis.
• The oncologist carries out specific verification diagnostics of malignant processes: lymphomas, lymphogranulomatosis and metastatic lesions of the lymph nodes.
• Phthisiologist, if hilar lymphadenitis is caused by tuberculosis infection.

Therapy for polylymphadenitis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis) is carried out under the supervision of an infectious disease specialist.

Basic principles of treatment of lymphadenitis and lymphadenopathy in the lungs

The effectiveness of treatment of lymphadenitis and adenopathy depends on the immediate cause of the disease. The principles of therapy for various pathologies are presented in the table:

• Antibacterial therapy (antibiotic is determined by the sensitivity of the pathogen).
• Antitussive drugs (Libexin, Sinekod).
• Expectorants (Gerbion).
• Antipyretics (Paracetamol, Nurofen)

• Long-term therapy with antimycobacterial drugs (Rifampicin, Ethambutol, Streptomycin, Isoniazid)

Tumors of the lungs, bronchi, mediastinal organs

• Surgical removal.
• Chemotherapy.
• Radiation therapy

• Chemotherapy

There are many diseases in which the lymph nodes of the chest cavity are enlarged, and the methods of treatment differ significantly. Treatment is prescribed by a doctor only after a final diagnosis has been established, because there is a risk of deterioration of the general condition if the selection of therapy is inadequate.

• A
  • Axillary lymph nodes
• B
  • Lymph node behind the ear hurts
  • Lymph node under the arm hurts
  • Lymph nodes hurt
  • Lymph nodes in the groin hurt
  • Lymph nodes in the neck hurt
  • Lymph nodes under the jaw hurt
• IN
  • Inflammation of the lymph node behind the ear in a child
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the throat
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin in women
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin in men
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes near the ears
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes on the head
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes on the face
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes on the leg
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck of a child
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes during pregnancy
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes in a child
  • Inflammation of the elbow lymph nodes
  • Inflamed lymph node behind the ear
  • Inflamed lymph node under the arm
  • The lymph node under the armpit of a child is inflamed
• G
  • Lymph node hyperplasia
  • Hyperplasia of the axillary lymph nodes
  • Purulent lymphadenitis
• Z
  • Retroperitoneal lymph nodes
• AND
  • Intramammary lymph node of the mammary gland
• TO
  • How to understand that lymph nodes are enlarged
  • Conglomerate of lymph nodes
• L
  • Lymphadenitis in children
  • Lymph nodes in the lungs
  • Lymph nodes in the groin of a child
  • Lymph nodes on the back of the head of a baby
  • Lymph nodes on the back of a child's head
• M
  • Mesadenitis
  • Mesadenitis in children
  • Lymph node melanoma
• N
  • Nonspecific lymphadenitis
• ABOUT
  • Acute lymphadenitis
• P
  • Parasternal lymph nodes
  • Paratracheal lymph nodes
  • Peripheral lymph nodes
  • Iliac lymph nodes
  • Submandibular lymphadenitis
  • Submandibular lymphadenitis in children
  • Submandibular lymph nodes
• R
  • Regional lymph nodes
• U
  • Enlarged lymph node in the neck on one side
  • Enlarged occipital lymph nodes
  • Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin
  • Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck
  • Enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes
  • Enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes
  • Enlarged para-aortic lymph nodes
  • Enlarged axillary lymph nodes
  • Enlarged submandibular lymph nodes
  • Enlarged lymph nodes in the abdominal cavity of a child
• X
  • Chronic inflammation of the lymph nodes
• Sh
  • Cervical lymphadenitis

The information on the site is provided solely for popular informational purposes, does not claim to be reference or medical accuracy, and is not a guide to action. Do not self-medicate. Consult your healthcare provider.

Enlarged lymph nodes of the roots of the lungs and mediastinum

Among the common symptoms of a fairly wide range of diseases, there is an increase in lymph nodes in the lungs - pulmonary, hilar bronchopulmonary, peribronchial or paratracheal. Since lymph nodes are an integral part of the body’s immune system, their enlargement, detected by X-ray, CT or MRI of the lungs, is one of the clinical signs of pathologies of infectious or oncological origin.

Enlarged lymph nodes can be called lymphadenopathy, hyperplasia, and even enlarged lymph node syndrome (in patients with AIDS), but in any case, the pathology has the same code R59 in accordance with ICD-10, and subclass R includes symptoms and abnormalities, that are detected in patients during a medical examination.

ICD-10 code

Epidemiology

To date, there are no accurate statistics on cases of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs, as well as lymphadenopathy of other localizations. But the increase in palpable nodes (behind the ear, submandibular, cervical, etc.) associated with infections in childhood, according to experts from the British Paediatric Association, varies from 38-45%, and this is one of the most common clinical problems in pediatrics.

According to the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the degree of malignant lymph node enlargement correlates with age, increasing from 17.5-20% of older patients to 60% among older patients. And in children this is most often a consequence of leukemia, and in adolescents - Hodgkin lymphoma.

Benign reactive lymphadenopathy accounts for an average of 30% of cases, and enlarged lymph nodes in non-tumor diseases account for 26%.

Causes of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs

The increase in nodes localized in the lungs (intrapulmonary) occurs in response to the main pathological process of the disease - thanks to their T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendrites, lymphatic follicles and other protective factors of lymphoid tissue.

The main diseases associated with the causes of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs include:

• pneumonia caused by staphylococci and beta-hemolytic streptococcus, as well as pneumococcal pneumonia;
• pulmonary tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis);
• tuberculosis of the lymph nodes (with pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis);
• pulmonary sarcoidosis;
• fibrous lung disease with systemic lupus erythematosus or amyloidosis;
• acute or chronic forms of bronchopulmonary mycoses caused by aerogenic infection of the respiratory system with the fungi Histoplasma capsulatum (histoplasmosis), the mold Aspergillus fumigatus (aspergillosis), the yeast-like fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis (pulmonary blastomycosis);
• exogenous allergic alveolitis(allergic pneumonitis);
• chronic pulmonary occupational diseases – silicosis and pneumoconiosis;
• cancer of the lymph nodes - lymphogranulomatosis (Hodgkin's lymphoma), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (lymphosarcoma);
• lungs' cancer(adenocarcinoma, carciosarcoma, paraganglioma, etc.);
• acute lymphoblastic leukemia (a form of leukemia associated with malignant damage to the hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow);
• metastases to the pulmonary lymph nodes from malignant tumors of the esophagus, mediastinum, thyroid or breast. See also - Metastases in lymph nodes

Pulmonologists note that enlarged lymph nodes in the root of the lung are characteristic of many pathologies, since here, in the zone of demarcation of the middle and posterior mediastinum of the chest, there are not only bronchopulmonary and paratracheal lymph nodes, but also the longest lymphatic duct (thoracic). Hilar nodes are enlarged in pneumonia, tuberculous bronchoadenitis, sarcoidosis, allergic alveolitis, bronchioloalveolar lung tumor, breast cancer metastases, etc. Read also the publication - Causes of enlarged lymph nodes

As you understand, the presence of the listed diseases are the main risk factors for enlarged lymph nodes, which is included in the list of their symptoms.

Pathogenesis

The mechanisms of occurrence and development - the pathogenesis of lymph node enlargement - are partly due to the functions of the lymph nodes, which, with the help of macrophages in their sinuses and stroma, cleanse the lymphatic fluid from antigens, toxins and products of cellular metabolism associated with infection. More details in the article Lymph node hyperplasia.

Depending on the cause of the disease and the mechanism of action on the lymphoid tissue, the types of this pathology are distinguished: infectious, reactive and malignant. Thus, during an infection with lymph flow, phagocytes with captured antigens and cells killed by inflammatory necrosis enter and accumulate in the nodes. For example, in tuberculosis patients, the mycobacterium M. tuberculosis that has entered the lymph nodes is absorbed by macrophages with the formation of phagolysosomes, the formation of granulomas and the development of caseous necrosis of lymphoid tissue.

Granulomatous changes in the lymph nodes (with the displacement of lymphoid tissue by fibrous tissue) are also observed in sarcoidosis, the etiology of which is still unknown to medicine (although autoimmune and genetic causes of its occurrence cannot be ruled out).

In cases of reactive enlargement of lymph nodes in the lungs, the dominant pathological process is the increased proliferation of their follicles, which is provoked by autoimmune diseases - when the body's immune system produces antigens against healthy cells, as happens, in particular, with systemic lupus erythematosus.

When the lymph nodes in the lungs are enlarged and malignant, lymphomas with abnormal cell proliferation are formed. And with metastases, lymphoproliferative disorders are caused by the infiltration of healthy tissues by atypical (cancerous) cells and their proliferation, which leads to pathological morphological changes.

Symptoms of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs

As clinicians emphasize, enlargement of lymph nodes in the lungs is a consequence of the development of diseases, and information regarding the size of intrapulmonary lymph nodes (diameter > 2 cm) can only be obtained by visualizing them.

So the symptoms of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs are not distinguished from the clinical picture as causing the disease. Although when examining lymph nodes in the lungs, not only their size, location and quantity are recorded, but also the presence of an inflammatory process, granuloma, necrosis (caseous or in the form of an abscess), pulmonary infiltrates, etc.

A tumor of the intrapulmonary lymph node can cause swelling of adjacent tissues or obstruction of lymphatic vessels, which leads to respiratory symptoms: persistent dry cough, wheezing, shortness of breath.

Symptoms of calcified lymph nodes, such as those caused by histoplasmosis or tuberculosis, may also include coughing when the enlarged node protrudes into the trachea.

And large granulomatous hypertrophied lymph nodes can be accompanied not only by breathing problems, but also by painful sensations.

Complications and consequences

In most cases, consequences and complications are associated with the course of the underlying disease. And complications of an enlarged lymph node in the lungs include the formation of an abscess or phlegmon, the formation of fistulas, and the development of septicemia.

Enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum can lead to bronchial or tracheal obstruction, esophageal stricture, and impaired blood flow in the superior vena cava.

Pulmonary infiltration of the lymph nodes in sarcoidosis can lead to scarring and irreversible pulmonary fibrosis, severe pulmonary dysfunction, and heart failure.

In the case of tuberculous lesions of the intrathoracic lymph nodes with caseous contents, their rupture and infection may spread to other structures of the mediastinum.

With malignant enlargement of intrapulmonary lymph nodes, metabolic complications arise: increased levels of uric acid in the blood, electrolyte imbalance, and functional renal failure.

Diagnosis of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs

Diagnosis of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs is, first of all, instrumental diagnostics using radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET).

Based on the results, a biopsy of the hyperplastic node (endoscopic, bronchoscopic or excisional) and immunohistochemical examination of the resulting tissue sample may be required. The results of the biopsy are especially important if there is a suspicion of a malignant tumor of the lymph node, and there are also serious doubts about the diagnosis of the disease in which the pathological change in the lymph node was detected. Blood tests are also necessary: ​​general and biochemical, for antibodies, for immune status and tumor markers. Skin tests are done for tuberculosis and sarcoidosis.

What needs to be examined?

How to examine?

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis based on the results of biopsy histology is necessary to determine the benignity (or malignancy) of lymph node hyperplasia - in order to establish the correct diagnosis.

Who to contact?

Treatment of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs

Considering that hyperplastic intrapulmonary lymph nodes appear in various pathologies, the main therapeutic efforts are aimed at these diseases, and separate treatment of enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs is simply impossible.

When the underlying cause is a bacterial infection, antibiotics are used; For bronchopulmonary mycoses, doctors prescribe systemic antifungal drugs. To reduce inflammation, steroid hormone medications (corticosteroids) or NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) may be used. In all cases, it is recommended to take vitamins A and E.

And when enlarged lymph nodes cause tissue degeneration and abscess formation, surgical treatment may be required.

In cases of malignant enlargement of lymph nodes in the lungs, treatment may include radiation, drug treatment with chemotherapy drugs and surgery - anatomical segmentectomy or resection of the entire node (lymphadenectomy).

Prevention

Enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs are a common clinical manifestation and diagnostic sign, and its prevention, that is, a set of specific measures, has not been developed. Doctors advise promptly seeking medical help if you feel unwell for a long time, which can prevent the development of serious diseases.

Forecast

Experts associate a more favorable prognosis for enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs with its benign nature. In oncology, the development of the disease is difficult to predict, both in terms of treatment results and life expectancy.

Medical Expert Editor

Portnov Alexey Alexandrovich

Education: Kyiv National Medical University named after. A.A. Bogomolets, specialty - “General Medicine”

The latest research on the topic Enlarged lymph nodes of the roots of the lungs and mediastinum

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Be sure to consult with a qualified specialist so as not to harm your health!

The disease is considered non-infectious; it is not transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person. Sarcoidosis usually affects people as young as age. The cause of the disease is not fully understood. What symptoms accompany sarcoidosis? What treatment is indicated for this disease?

Causes

Since the causes of the disease are not fully understood, theories of the occurrence of sarcoidosis are put forward based on the research conducted. According to one version, it is believed that inflammation of the lymph nodes is infectious. It is assumed that the causative agents of the disease are microorganisms (fungi, spirochetes, mycobacteria and others).

Based on some observations, conclusions were drawn about the hereditary nature of inflammation of the lymph nodes. The disease is also associated with impaired protective functions of the immune system. There are studies that indicate the frequency of inflammation of the lymph nodes in people of certain professions.

Sarcoid granulomas initially affect the alveolar tissue, causing interstitial pneumonitis or alveolitis. With the further development of sarcoidosis of the lymph nodes, they put pressure on the walls of the bronchi, which contributes to impaired hyperventilation. Timely treatment of sarcoidosis is difficult, since the symptoms of the initial phase of the disease are practically absent.

Classification of inflammation of the lymph nodes of the lungs

At the onset of the disease, the intrathoracic lymph nodes become enlarged. It can manifest itself in combination with changes in the external lymph nodes: neck, armpits, groin and elbow area. There are three stages of disease development:

• Stage I is characterized by damage to the intrathoracic lymph nodes;
• Stage II is detected on x-ray with lung damage without the formation of fibrosis;
• Stage III is characterized by focal and diffuse fibrosis, the cardiopulmonary system suffers.

There are also several phases of development of sarcoidosis:

During the phase of reverse development, resorption of granulomas in the tissues of the lungs and lymph nodes is possible. The course of the disease varies, it can develop gradually without showing symptoms, or begin suddenly and progress very quickly.

Symptoms

Inflammation of the lymph nodes, which develops gradually, has nonspecific symptoms. Most often, sarcoidosis is detected by X-ray examination. The following symptoms are characteristic of inflammation of the lymph nodes:

• increased fatigue, weakness;
• feeling of morning fatigue immediately after a night's sleep;
• periods of feeling cheerful, often followed by fatigue;
• depressive state.

Sudden onset of the disease is rare. Symptoms characteristic of this stage often look like this:

• increased body temperature, fever, sweating;
• pain and sensations of pressure, heaviness in the chest and back;
• burning under the shoulder blade;
• soreness in muscle and joint tissues.

The pressure of the lymph nodes on the bronchi causes their inflammation, and symptoms such as coughing with sputum appear. If there are no complications in the form of inflamed lymph nodes (pericervical, inguinal), then treatment of the acute stage does not cause difficulties. If symptoms of inflammation of the peripheral lymph nodes are present, then long-term therapy is carried out, which is complicated by frequent relapses.

Diagnostics

To make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment, clinical and radiological examination methods are used, which indicate the presence of sarcoid granulomas. At stages I and II, only radiological data are sufficient.

If it is necessary to clarify the diagnosis, a transbronchial biopsy is prescribed, that is, sampling the contents of the lymph node.

They also conduct blood and urine tests, biochemistry of the liver and kidneys. To exclude the possibility of tuberculosis, Mantoux tests are performed. As a rule, with this disease the Mantoux reaction is negative.

A blood test reveals an increase in ESR, manifestations of leukocytosis, lymphocytosis. X-rays reveal enlarged lymph nodes and focal dissemination. Histological examination of the biopsy specimen shows the presence of epithelioid granulomas (in the absence of necrosis).

Pathological changes associated with inflammation of the lymph nodes are bilateral and located symmetrically. This is especially clearly seen in computer or magnetic resonance imaging images of the thoracic region. After diagnostic measures are carried out and a diagnosis is made, dynamic observation is carried out for six months.

Sarcoidosis often occurs without deterioration of the patient’s condition, and the granulomas gradually resolve. In case of severe disease, drug treatment is started.

Treatment

The progressive form of inflammation of the lymph nodes of the lungs is dangerous due to its complications. If treatment is not carried out on time, the risk of tuberculosis, emphysema, and respiratory failure increases. Long-term course treatment includes the following drugs:

• steroid drugs, usually prescribed Prednisolone;
• anti-inflammatory drugs;
• immunosuppressants;
• antioxidants.

Treatment with Prednisolone begins with a high dose, and the dosage is reduced over 3-4 months. During combination therapy, Prednisolone is used with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. During treatment procedures, the patient is registered with a dispensary. After complete recovery, the patient is observed in the dispensary for two years. If signs of the disease do not appear during this period, then the person is removed from the register.

The information is provided for general information only and cannot be used for self-medication.

You should not self-medicate, it can be dangerous. Always consult your doctor.

When partially or completely copying materials from the site, an active link to it is required. All rights reserved.

Also, don’t forget to thank your doctors.

pulmonologist7 15:13

For single enlarged lymph nodes, a course of antibacterial therapy is indicated; you should definitely look at the patient herself, if possible, look at the X-ray archive for 2-3 years. X-ray control after 1 month, if you stay - CT of the GP.

pulmonologist7 20:33

pulmonologist7 23:55

pulmonologist8 11:10

pulmonologist8 17:39

And they also sent me to another clinic for an image from last year.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the lungs

Lymph nodes are a kind of biological filtering system through which lymph coming from all organs and parts of the human body passes and is purified. The lymphatic system consists of 150 regional groups of lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are the organs that are the first to respond to infection; enlarged lymph nodes and pain in the lymph nodes are a symptom of an inflammatory process in the organs.

At the first signs of inflammation in the lymph nodes, you should go to the hospital. An enlarged lymph node can be a symptom of many serious diseases, the treatment of which should not be delayed. At the Yusupov Hospital, a patient with enlarged lymph nodes can undergo a diagnosis of the disease. The hospital uses innovative diagnostic equipment that helps quickly and accurately determine the cause of the pathology.

The location of the inflamed lymph node indicates the organ affected by the inflammatory process. If pain and discomfort are felt in the axillary lymph nodes, this may indicate a disease of the chest organs and mammary gland. Infection in the oral cavity, nasopharynx, brain tumors, diseases of organs in the neck area are manifested by inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes. Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin area may indicate the development of a pathological process of the genitourinary system, a sexually transmitted disease, or a tumor.

What is inflammation of the lymph of the lung

Lymphatic small and large vessels of the lungs perform the function of absorbing and removing protein fluid, returning it to the blood circulation. Various substances and microorganisms in the liquid pass through a biological filter and can cause various reactions in the lymph node. When pneumonia occurs, the vascular and lymphatic systems and mediastinal lymph nodes are involved in the inflammatory process. Pneumonia is characterized by an inflammatory process not only in regional lymph nodes; the pathological process can also involve extrathoracic and distant lymph nodes.

The inflammatory process spreads to the lymph nodes along the bronchi and trachea. It is not always possible to see the enlargement of certain groups of lymph nodes due to their location. An X-ray examination may not show an increase in hilus, bronchopulmonary nodes, which are often overlapped by the branches of the pulmonary artery or the shadow of the heart; to determine the pathological state of the bifurcation lymph nodes, an x-ray examination is carried out in a lateral projection. To determine the inflammatory process in the lymph nodes of the lungs, X-ray examination is carried out in oblique, sagittal and lateral projections.

Why is inflammation of the lymph nodes in the lungs dangerous?

Lymph nodes play an important role in pneumonia. During the inflammatory process, a reaction of the lymph node to pathogenic microorganisms occurs - as a result of spasm and closure of the lymphatic vessel, inflammatory edema begins to develop. This reaction stops pathogenic microorganisms at the site of the inflammatory process and prevents the penetration of microbes into the bloodstream of the circulatory system. With pneumonia, the development of perilymphatic foci is observed, which are located along the lymph nodes.

Such changes are also observed in lymphogenous carcinomatosis (tumor cells spread through the lymphatic vessels) and sarcoidosis (a systemic disease characterized by damage to organs and systems of the body, damage to the lymph nodes). The lymphatic vessel may close, the drainage and cleansing function of the lymph nodes may be disrupted, and the infectious process will progress. Enlargement and pain of the lymph nodes of the chest cavity are observed with tuberculosis; enlargement of cervical, intra-abdominal, intrathoracic, axillary lymph nodes is typical for patients with HIV infection.

How to treat inflammation of the lymph nodes of the lungs

Treatment of the pathological process in the lymph nodes of the lungs depends on the disease, the consequence of which was inflammation of the lymph node. If it is pneumonia, the doctor prescribes antibacterial therapy aimed at suppressing the causative agent of the disease. Inflammation of the lymph nodes is accompanied by fever, pain, and weakness. The doctor prescribes antipyretics and painkillers. Treatment of the inflammatory process in the lymphatic system begins with treatment of the underlying disease.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes can be a consequence of various diseases. At the Yusupov Hospital, the patient is sent for blood and urine tests, takes tests for antibodies to determine the causative agent of the inflammatory process in the lungs, the patient receives help from other specialists - an infectious disease specialist, an oncologist, a pulmonologist. You can make an appointment with a doctor by calling the clinic.

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Enlarged intrathoracic lymph nodes

An increase in the size of lymph nodes is one of the indicative symptoms of disorders in the human body. A reaction from the lymphatic system most often indicates an inflammatory, infectious or tumor process in a certain area from which lymph is collected. Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the lungs or mediastinal complex is a common sign of disorders within the chest cavity. Early detection of changes allows you to choose the necessary diagnostic tactics and adequate therapy.

Lymph nodes of the lungs

The human lymphatic system is represented by a complex of small and major vessels and nodes located throughout the body next to the arteries and veins. The presented structures provide the function of nonspecific immunity due to adequate drainage of normal and pathologically altered tissues, barrier functions of the node, as well as differentiation of blood lymphocytes.

Intrathoracic lymph nodes (HTNL) are located around the organs and tissues of the mediastinum, ensuring adequate drainage of fluid. Normally, the number of VGLUs consists of painless formations, round in shape, up to 5 millimeters in size. On classic chest radiography, groups of mediastinal lymph nodes are not visualized.

Depending on the location and function performed, visceral (organ) and parietal (parietal) groups of nodes are distinguished.

The parietal lymph nodes are represented by a complex of formations along the anterior and posterior walls of the chest cavity. These include intercostal, prevertebral and parasternal lymph nodes. The parietal group of formations ensures the outflow of lymph from the muscles, skin and fascia of the chest wall, as well as the parietal pleura (serous membrane).

According to the classification of D.A. Zhdanov distinguishes the following groups of visceral lymph nodes that collect lymph from the tracheobronchial tree, lungs, heart, esophagus and mediastinal soft tissue complex:

• Paratracheal (near-tracheal).
• The tracheobronchial group is located on the lateral surfaces of the trachea and medium-sized bronchi.
• Bifurcation lymph nodes are localized in the area of ​​bifurcation of the trachea into the right and left bronchus. This group is regional for the pathological process in the large bronchi.
• Bronchopulmonary, which are located near the roots of the lungs, around the main bronchi, and provide drainage of fluid from the lung tissue.

In addition, the group of intrathoracic lymph nodes includes supradiaphragmatic and paraaortic, which are located around the arches and ascending aorta.

Causes of enlargement and inflammation of lymph nodes in the lungs

Lymphatic capillaries collect tissue fluid and intracellular metabolic products, forming a derivative of blood plasma with a large amount of lipids (lymph). The outflow is carried out with the help of lymphatic vessels that pass through nodes - complexes of lymphoid tissue. The latter are an “ultrafilter” for foreign particles and abnormal antigen-antibody complexes.

Enlarged lymph nodes are most often associated with two mechanisms presented in the table:

Bacterial, viral or aseptic inflammation (lymphadenitis)

Local and diffuse infectious processes in the bronchopulmonary system complex are accompanied by the development of inflammation in the lymph nodes of the lungs. The penetration of a bacterium or virus causes a reaction from the bronchial mucosa, and inflammatory mediators are released. In addition, blood flow increases, which causes swelling of the lymphoid tissue and an increase in the size of the lymph node

Non-inflammatory process (lymphadenopathy)

Most often, lymph nodes become enlarged due to increased proliferation of lymphoid tissue during malignant processes or metastatic lesions.

Adenopathy is based on the uncontrolled proliferation of atypical cells of lymphoid tissue

Inflammatory changes in the lymph nodes occur against the background of normal reactivity of the human immune system. Leukocytes (neutrophils and lymphocytes) enter the lesion site through the bloodstream, which destroy the infectious agent and contribute to the breakdown of damaged cells. After this, tissue detritus (the resulting necrotic mass) is dissolved by proteolytic enzymes of the blood plasma and enters the lymphatic capillaries.

The residual amount of inflammatory mediators and weakened infectious agents are neutralized in the lymph node, causing inflammation of the latter. The presence of a natural barrier of lymphoid tissue prevents pathogens from entering the systemic bloodstream (at the confluence of the vessels of the lymphatic and circulatory systems).

Clinical symptoms of inflammation of the pulmonary lymph nodes

The presence of pathologies inside the chest cavity with damage to the lymph nodes is accompanied by severe clinical symptoms:

• An increase in temperature to 38-40° C in infectious diseases, low-grade fever (37.5° C) in the chronic course of an inflammatory or tumor process.
• Chest pain, which occurs due to mechanical compression of nerve endings, stretching of the capsule of an enlarged lymph node, or tissue breakdown during malignant processes. The localization of the pain syndrome depends on which group the lymph flows to from the source of inflammation.
• Dyspnea (breathing difficulty). The presence of an enlarged lymph node in the chest is accompanied by the risk of compression of the respiratory tract. In such cases, patients complain of difficulty inhaling or exhaling, a feeling of lack of air, and tightness in the chest.
• Dysphagia (impaired swallowing) occurs due to a significant increase in the size of the paratracheal lymph nodes, which compress the esophagus from the side and prevent the normal passage of food.

When large main vessels of the thoracic cavity are involved in the process, a symptom of massive proliferation of lymph nodes in the mediastinum is pulsation of the neck veins due to impaired blood outflow.

Diseases that occur with enlargement and inflammation of the lymph nodes in the lungs

Damage to the lymph nodes of the chest cavity is most often a secondary process, a protective reaction of the body to an existing pathology. The most common reasons why intrathoracic lymph nodes are enlarged are the following diseases:

• Pneumonia is inflammation of the lungs. Depending on the location of the outbreak, certain groups of lymph nodes react. Hilar pneumonia is most often accompanied by the involvement of bronchopulmonary ones, and the segmental or focal version of the disease - intrapulmonary lymph nodes.
• Acute or chronic bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the bronchial mucosa. Drainage of pathological contents occurs through a group of bronchial nodes with the development of bronchoadenitis.
• Pleurisy is an inflammation of the serous membrane (pleura) lining the chest cavity. The consequences of this disease can be localized purulent cavities - abscesses.
• Malignant neoplasms. Cancer cells spread from the primary focus through the lymphatic vessels to the nodes, causing inflammation, as a result of which the latter begin to enlarge.
• Various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, which are characterized by the involvement of lymphatic vessels and nodes in the process with the formation of the primary tuberculosis complex.
• Lymphogranulomatosis is a systemic oncological pathology of the lymphocyte system, with predominant damage to the lymph nodes. It is characterized by polylymphadenopathy - an increase in all groups of lymph nodes in the body.

Important! Systemic enlargement of lymph nodes is also present in infectious mononucleosis, a viral disease with which differential diagnosis of lymphogranulomatosis is carried out.

What examinations will you have to undergo if you suspect enlargement or inflammation of the pulmonary lymph nodes?

The appearance of clinical symptoms of diseases of the chest cavity requires differential diagnosis. In order to determine the location of the lesion, the number of structures involved and the main cause of the disorders, the following research methods are used:

• Complete blood count: An increase in white blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate may be a sign of active inflammation in the body.
• X-ray of the chest cavity (in direct and lateral projection) allows you to see the presence of pathological processes in the lung tissue, as well as the degree of involvement of the bronchial and hilar lymph nodes. The bifurcation group is visualized only on the lateral image.
• Computed tomography (CT) is an X-ray method that determines the exact location and size of lesions in the mediastinal organs and lymph nodes on layer-by-layer images.
• A needle biopsy of a lymph node is used when previous methods have failed to determine the cause of enlarged lymph nodes. Most often used when cancer is suspected.

Important! For malignant neoplasms, before a biopsy, specific laboratory tests are used for the presence of tumor markers

Which doctors treat lymphadenopathy and lymphadenitis localized in the lungs

The polyetiological nature of hilar lymphadenopathy of the lymph nodes determines the circle of specialists who are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of the main pathology:

• Therapist and pulmonologist specialize in the conservative treatment of uncomplicated forms of pneumonia, pleurisy and bronchitis.
• The surgeon is involved in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of complications of pneumonia or pleurisy, as well as isolated purulent lymphadenitis.
• The oncologist carries out specific verification diagnostics of malignant processes: lymphomas, lymphogranulomatosis and metastatic lesions of the lymph nodes.
• Phthisiologist, if hilar lymphadenitis is caused by tuberculosis infection.

Therapy for polylymphadenitis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis) is carried out under the supervision of an infectious disease specialist.

Basic principles of treatment of lymphadenitis and lymphadenopathy in the lungs

The effectiveness of treatment of lymphadenitis and adenopathy depends on the immediate cause of the disease. The principles of therapy for various pathologies are presented in the table:

• Antibacterial therapy (antibiotic is determined by the sensitivity of the pathogen).
• Antitussive drugs (Libexin, Sinekod).
• Expectorants (Gerbion).
• Antipyretics (Paracetamol, Nurofen)

• Long-term therapy with antimycobacterial drugs (Rifampicin, Ethambutol, Streptomycin, Isoniazid)

Tumors of the lungs, bronchi, mediastinal organs

• Surgical removal.
• Chemotherapy.
• Radiation therapy

• Chemotherapy

There are many diseases in which the lymph nodes of the chest cavity are enlarged, and the methods of treatment differ significantly. Treatment is prescribed by a doctor only after a final diagnosis has been established, because there is a risk of deterioration of the general condition if the selection of therapy is inadequate.

• A
  • Axillary lymph nodes
• B
  • Lymph node behind the ear hurts
  • Lymph node under the arm hurts
  • Lymph nodes hurt
  • Lymph nodes in the groin hurt
  • Lymph nodes in the neck hurt
  • Lymph nodes under the jaw hurt
• IN
  • Inflammation of the lymph node behind the ear in a child
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the throat
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin in women
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin in men
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes near the ears
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes on the head
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes on the face
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes on the leg
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck of a child
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes during pregnancy
  • Inflammation of the lymph nodes in a child
  • Inflammation of the elbow lymph nodes
  • Inflamed lymph node behind the ear
  • Inflamed lymph node under the arm
  • The lymph node under the armpit of a child is inflamed
• G
  • Lymph node hyperplasia
  • Hyperplasia of the axillary lymph nodes
  • Purulent lymphadenitis
• Z
  • Retroperitoneal lymph nodes
• AND
  • Intramammary lymph node of the mammary gland
• TO
  • How to understand that lymph nodes are enlarged
  • Conglomerate of lymph nodes
• L
  • Lymphadenitis in children
  • Lymph nodes in the lungs
  • Lymph nodes in the groin of a child
  • Lymph nodes on the back of the head of a baby
  • Lymph nodes on the back of a child's head
• M
  • Mesadenitis
  • Mesadenitis in children
  • Lymph node melanoma
• N
  • Nonspecific lymphadenitis
• ABOUT
  • Acute lymphadenitis
• P
  • Parasternal lymph nodes
  • Paratracheal lymph nodes
  • Peripheral lymph nodes
  • Iliac lymph nodes
  • Submandibular lymphadenitis
  • Submandibular lymphadenitis in children
  • Submandibular lymph nodes
• R
  • Regional lymph nodes
• U
  • Enlarged lymph node in the neck on one side
  • Enlarged occipital lymph nodes
  • Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin
  • Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck
  • Enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes
  • Enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes
  • Enlarged para-aortic lymph nodes
  • Enlarged axillary lymph nodes
  • Enlarged submandibular lymph nodes
  • Enlarged lymph nodes in the abdominal cavity of a child
• X
  • Chronic inflammation of the lymph nodes
• Sh
  • Cervical lymphadenitis

The information on the site is provided solely for popular informational purposes, does not claim to be reference or medical accuracy, and is not a guide to action. Do not self-medicate. Consult your healthcare provider.

Lymph nodes in the lungs

Lymph nodes (lymph nodes) are organs of the lymphatic system in the human body. Lymph nodes perform an important function as a filter for lymph coming from different organs and parts of the body. Lymph nodes are round or oval formations ranging in size from half a centimeter to five centimeters in diameter. Lymphocytes are usually located near lymphatic and blood vessels. Lymph nodes often play the role of a so-called barrier, protecting the body from various infections. Lymph nodes located in the lung area are called bronchopulmonary.

The main disease associated with lymph nodes is inflammation.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes, which is called lymphadenitis, is difficult to miss. The lymph node becomes inflamed, greatly increases in size and exhibits the following symptoms:

• Painful sensations
• Headache
• General weakness
• Increased body temperature

The inflamed lymph node takes on a convex shape, becomes dense, and when pressed on it the patient feels pain. Not only one lymph node, but also a group of lymph nodes or all lymph nodes at the same time can become inflamed.

Inflammation of the bronchopulmonary lymph node, i.e. located in the lungs is especially dangerous, because you cannot visually see or feel it. Therefore, if you have a headache, general weakness or fever, you should immediately contact the Pulmonology Center. Only here can inflammation of the lymph node in the lungs be correctly diagnosed.

The Pulmonology Center is equipped with modern diagnostic equipment, which helps our doctors quickly and accurately make a diagnosis and prescribe the correct treatment. A consultation with a doctor at the Pulmonology Center begins with a careful examination of the patient and listening to complaints. The doctor will ask clarifying questions and conduct the necessary diagnostics. To reveal a complete picture of the patient’s condition, the doctor needs to collect as complete an anamnesis as possible, i.e. obtain information about previously suffered diseases, characteristics of their course and treatment, etc. A blood test is required to help determine the cause of inflammation of the lymph nodes. To rule out a tumor or find the source of infection, the patient is referred for an X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scan. The Pulmonology Center has innovative equipment - 3D NLS graphics. The results obtained after the diagnosis allow the doctor to more clearly see the picture of the disease and prescribe the correct treatment.

Doctors at the Pulmonology Center approach treatment comprehensively, because only this approach will cure the cause of the disease, and not its external manifestations. By contacting us, you can be sure that our doctors will definitely get to the bottom of the causes of your illness and cure you as soon as possible.

Contact us, we will definitely help you!

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Lymphadenopathy: enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs

Pulmonary lymphadenopathy is not essentially a separate disease - it is a pathological condition that is characterized by a significant increase in the lymph nodes located in the pleura. It can be caused by many reasons, each of which requires separate treatment.

Interestingly, sometimes doctors cannot determine why the lymph nodes are enlarged and then a diagnosis of “pulmonary lymphadenopathy of unknown origin” is made.

Possible reasons

The size of lymph nodes in different people can vary greatly: this is purely individual and depends not only on the gender and age of the person, but also on where he lives, where he works, and how he eats. In medicine, it is generally accepted that nodes not exceeding one and a half centimeters in length or width are the norm for an adult.

Their increase can be caused by reasons that can be divided into two large groups:

• Tumor nature. Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the lungs occurs either as a result of a malignant tumor directly affecting the lymphatic system, or as a result of metastases entering it.
• Non-tumor nature. It occurs either due to infection or due to long-term use of medications.

Each option requires separate treatment and is characterized by specific symptoms. All of them should be considered separately.

Tumor

A malignant tumor is the first thing a doctor will think about when he sees a person at an appointment who has enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs and who has no signs of an infectious disease. Moreover, there are three main options.

• Lymphoma. This is the name of several cancers that can also be called “cancer of the lymphatic system.” All of them are characterized by the presence of one large tumor, from which metastases and affected cells spread throughout the body. All of them are accompanied by fever, severe weakness, headaches, pain in muscles and joints. The lymph nodes become enlarged, the patient develops a painful dry cough, which is accompanied by chest pain, and shortness of breath when trying to engage in physical activity. As pulmonary lymphadenopathy progresses, the patient begins to complain of heart pain and difficulty breathing. The outcome depends on the stage at which treatment was started - but most patients survive for at least five years after diagnosis. Interestingly, there are more than thirty diseases grouped under the “lymphoma” group.
• Lymphocytic leukemia. For a long time, this cancer, which affects the bone marrow, circulatory and lymphatic systems, was considered a disease of children, since it mainly affected children from two to four. But recently it is increasingly found in adults. It manifests itself as lymphadenopathy, including the lungs, weakness, loss of appetite and, as a result, weight. As it progresses, the patient develops anemia, his heart begins to hurt, and breathing difficulties appear. Patients without treatment live no longer than three years, with treatment they can live more than ten - it all depends on individual characteristics.
• Metastatic lesion. It occurs as a result of the progress of a malignant tumor located near the lungs. Lymphadenopathy often results from cancer of the lung, esophagus, stomach, colon, or breast. Moreover, the fact that metastases penetrate the lymph nodes means that the cancer is already at the third or fourth stage, and, therefore, it will be difficult to treat, and the prognosis will not be favorable.

If the enlargement of the lymph nodes is caused by a malignant tumor in the body, the following treatment methods are used:

• Immunotherapy. Increases immunity and allows the body to actively fight.
• Radiation therapy. Destroys cancer cells using radiation. It is used with caution, as it has an extremely negative effect on the body as a whole.
• Surgery. Removes tumors and affected parts from the body.
• Symptomatic therapy. Helps cope with symptoms.

If the cancer recedes, so does the hilar lymphadenopathy. The main thing is to notice the disease on time and start treatment as early as possible.

Infectious lesion

Infection is the most common cause of lymphadenopathy of the hilar lymph nodes of the lungs. It can be caused by a wide variety of pathogens, which affects how it will manifest itself and how optimistic the prognosis will be.

Pulmonary lymphadenopathy occurs if the patient:

• Tuberculosis. Russia is considered a country unfavorable for tuberculosis, therefore it is quite easy to become infected with it, even without visiting dispensaries or intentionally contacting patients. Many of its forms lead to pulmonary lymphadenopathy: from primary, which affects the lungs directly, to indirect forms that specifically affect the lymph nodes. Tuberculosis is characterized by pain, a painful wet cough, fever - other symptoms depend on the specific form.

Interestingly, tuberculosis is curable, but requires active therapy: special antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, and mucolytic agents are used for treatment. A lot of attention is paid to improving immunity - the best option for the patient would be a sanatorium, where he can walk in the fresh air, relax and adhere to the regime.

• Viral hepatitis. Most often this is hepatitis C, which, although it affects the liver, is characterized by an inflammatory process that affects the entire body. Most often it occurs with a minimum of specific symptoms: the patient experiences mediastinal pulmonary lymphadenopathy, cough, weakness and fatigue. Sometimes my head hurts. As a result, the patient mistakes the illness for a cold and carries it on his feet. Only a tenth show signs of jaundice, followed by cirrhosis of the liver.

Interestingly, the form that shows signs of jaundice is the easiest to treat because it is the earliest to be detected. With an asymptomatic course, the patient can understand that something is happening already at the stage of cirrhosis.

• Sarcoidosis. It is characterized by the formation of local foci of inflammation in the lungs - granulomas. At the first stage, it is manifested exclusively by enlarged lymph nodes, after which symptoms appear: the temperature rises to thirty-seven point five, fatigue and weakness appear, the patient suffers from a dry cough and chest pain, he has a headache and lacks appetite.
• HIV. It is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus and the consequences can be described as a permanent, sustainable decrease in immunity. At the same time, pulmonary lymphadenopathy is one of the stages that most infected people go through.

Interestingly, if the patient does not have malignant tumors or any infectious diseases based on the results of the studies, the doctor will begin to suspect he has HIV and will conduct the necessary tests. You can live with HIV, but there is no cure.

Pulmonary lymphadenopathy is a condition that accompanies most deeply penetrating infectious lesions. It accompanies pneumonia, rubella, brucellosis, herpes and other diseases. A thorough diagnosis is required for an accurate determination.

Drug-induced damage

Certain groups of drugs that require long-term use can cause an immune response, which, in particular, manifests itself in pulmonary lymphadenopathy. Among them:

• Antibiotics. Among the many side effects of antibiotics, there is this one - they can cause pulmonary lymphadenopathy. That is why they are prescribed with such caution, especially to people whose bodies are already weakened.
• Antihypertensive action. Take drugs from this group for high blood pressure to lower it. Their side effects include lymphadenopathy.
• Antimetabolites. Drugs in this group are needed to slow down or completely stop certain biochemical processes. They are used if a patient is diagnosed with a malignant tumor at an early stage.
• Anticonvulsants. They are used in a variety of situations to prevent a simple spasm from turning into a convulsion - some of them are also used for epilepsy. They have many side effects and pulmonary lymphadenopathy is one of them.

Enlargement of the lymph nodes due to medications is standard for pulmonary diseases: dry cough, mild shortness of breath, possible change in voice timbre. If you do not notice it in time, the patient may develop pain in the heart or the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract may go wrong - if the nodes grow so large that they begin to put pressure not only on the lungs, but also on other organs.

If, during a preventive examination of a patient who is constantly taking a certain drug, the doctor notices that the paratracheal lymph nodes are enlarged, he should change it to another one.

This is why it is so important, even after receiving a prescription for medication, to continue to visit a doctor from time to time - he will be able to check and track the onset of the pathological process before symptoms appear.

Diagnostics

The most difficult thing, if a patient has lymphadenopathy - in the root of the right lung, in the root of the left, in the pleura - is to determine what exactly caused it. There are many options, so diagnosis must be careful and thorough. It usually includes methods that do not require any equipment:

• Anamnesis collection. The doctor asks the patient if he has had symptoms and, if so, for how long. Does he have allergies, did his relatives have similar diseases. Chemon is sick at a specific moment and what he was sick with a long time ago.
• Palpation and inspection. If the disease has progressed, you can notice the asymmetry of the chest and feel protruding lymph nodes.

Instrumental methods that are carried out in rooms with special equipment:

• X-ray. It is performed in two versions - front and side. Allows you to see how the lymph nodes are located and how much larger they are than normal size.
• Tomography. It allows you to get an even more accurate picture than an x-ray; in addition, you can see not only the nodes themselves, but also how pulmonary lymphadenopathy affected the tissue.
• Fibrobronchoscopy and fibrogastroscopy. A special device is inserted into the esophagus or trachea, allowing the doctor to assess the condition of the epithelium from the inside, as closely as possible. Allows you to distinguish between damage to the bronchi and damage to the gastrointestinal tract. The procedure is considered unpleasant, but it is extremely informative - and all discomfort goes away in a few minutes.

Laboratory studies that require the collection of body particles for several days and allow them to be examined in as much detail as possible:

• General tests of urine, blood and feces. They allow you to get an idea of ​​the state of the body and identify the presence of an inflammatory process in it.
• Tests for specific infections: HIV, hepatitis, syphilis and others. They allow you to determine whether there is an infectious pathogen in the patient’s blood.
• Tests for tuberculosis. They allow you to find out whether there is a tuberculosis bacillus in the patient’s blood.
• Biopsy. It allows you to analyze tissue from a lymph node to find out whether it contains specific cancer cells that indicate the presence of a tumor.

The most unpleasant thing is that pulmonary mediastinal lymphadenopathy is a disease that can be completely asymptomatic. The best advice on how to avoid it is to visit your doctor for a routine check-up at least once a year.

Then the disease will be detected on time and treatment will be especially effective.