A child’s performance at school directly depends on the correct pronunciation and perception of sounds. First of all, this affects phonemic hearing, and subsequently the literacy of oral and written speech. It is recommended to carry out individual speech therapy sessions with a child at the age of 4-7 years; it is during this age period that children can, without much effort, correct their native speech and establish the correct pronunciation of sounds.
Speech therapy classes have a positive effect on the overall development of children. You can correct pronunciation problems in oral speech not only with a teacher, but also at home in a playful way, when the child is positively disposed to the lesson.
The development of fine motor skills has a positive effect on speech development. Playful activities with your child can only be beneficial; this is a great way to combine educational exercises with a fun, encouraging game. These classes teach children to coordinate movements in accordance with words in poetic form, develop speech, memory and imagination. Gesture exercises with hands and fingers develop written speech.
Finger gymnastics. Developing your baby's speech and pronunciation
Hearing, pronouncing and distinguishing sounds correctly means having excellent phonemic hearing. Impaired phonemic hearing in children leads to dysgraphia (impaired writing) and dyslexia (impaired reading), so you should pay attention to the pronunciation of sounds and promptly correct defects in the preschool period. Exercises for children in a playful way will help parents prepare their child for school.
Place several cards with thematic images of objects;
Game 1. Ask your child to point to pictures in the names that have a given sound, for example [s].
Game 2. Ask your child to choose an extra picture where there is no given sound, for example, rocker, crane, flower, mole, pyramid (main sound [p]).
This game can be played not only with images in drawings, but also with real objects, for example in a room.
Exercises in the form of various rhymes correct unclear pronunciation of sounds. The rhyme of a pure tongue consists of difficult combinations of letters and sounds, therefore, for correct pronunciation, the child uses different positions of the tongue and lips, thereby training and improving diction.
Hissing letters and sounds are often pronounced in violation of phonetics.
Speech therapy rhythm exercises develop in children the ability to coordinate movements in accordance with the rhythm of musical, poetic or verbal accompaniment. This method of comprehensive development of the child has a positive effect on physical and psychological health. Daily classes help correct phonetics and speech disorders, develop coordination and attention.
Logorhythmics Poems for children's speech development
Early childhood (2-3 years) is an important stage in the development of a child’s speech.
At this time, children are interested in everything that happens around them.
It is important for parents to support their child in every possible way in his endeavors, because the main guides to the world of new information are the adults in the immediate environment.
You need to make sure that the child is fine physically and emotionally.
There are conventional norms for the development of children (growth, skills, abilities, vocabulary of the child).
They should be taken into account, but you shouldn’t get hung up on discrepancies.
It is better to contact a specialist who will compare all the factors influencing development and give a professional assessment of your child’s development.
The main task of an adult when working with young children is to evoke onomatopoeia in any form.
Taking into account the psychology of children 2-3 years old, classes should be conducted in the form of outdoor games, varied and not long in time.
It is important to establish emotional contact with the child, interest him, gain trust, encourage activity, and praise.
This will help avoid many psychological problems associated with fear of speech.
General imitation is the copying of movements, actions, and facial expressions.
The child reproduces the movements he sees and successfully remembers them when repeated many times.
The mechanism of imitation works on a subconscious level in everyday life, and educators and speech therapists use it consciously when conducting classes with children.
It is important that the child is in the correct speech environment, i.e. it is better to limit communication with people who have speech defects. Watch your behavior - words should not contradict actions.
The development of general imitation begins with the repetition of elementary movements, then perform several actions simultaneously. The next stage is the implementation of a whole chain of actions that are logically connected and, as a rule, socially significant (for example, feeding a doll and putting it to bed).
When working with children, follow some rules: your sentences should be clear, simple and not too long; the speech of an adult is emotionally bright, calm, not loud.
General imitation games can be played with one child or with several (usually 3-5 children).
But! Keep in mind that when playing in a group, children imitate not only the adult, but also each other.
“Palms up (put your palms on the table with the outer side down)!
Palms down (turn your palms over)!
And now put them on their sides (put our palms on their edges)!
And we clenched our fists (we clasp our palms into fists)!”
A child’s reproduction of sounds, words, and phrases is called speech imitation.
It is meaningful only when speech is closely related to the child’s actions.
An adult should stimulate the child's speech with questions.
Words to be repeated must be pronounced many times; do not repeat the child’s “substitute words.” The child’s answers are accepted in any form.
The most important thing is to do everything possible so that the child does not hesitate to speak.
Speech imitation goes through several stages:
Pay great attention to the use of verbs. If a child’s speech contains many action words, his level of development is quite high.
For example:
They love... (monkeys) very much
Eat sweets... (bananas).
We are like monkeys... (look like)
And we love bananas... (too).
Gradually, the number of pauses (words skipped by adults) can be increased, thereby increasing the child’s vocabulary.
Fun games in the form of a conversation: an adult repeats a word several times, then asks the child a question, the answer to which is the highlighted word. If the question is answered correctly, the adult praises the child; if the question is answered incorrectly, he answers the question himself or offers several answer options.
The book introduces the child to the world around him; develops logical and imaginative thinking, memory, imagination; expands vocabulary; teaches you how to write sentences correctly.
Through reading, a child learns to listen and concentrate.
Family reading is a way of communication between parents and children, a good method of education and a means of leisure.
Psychologists believe that children to whom their parents read books are more emotionally balanced and self-confident.
The main features of a good book for a 2-3 year old child:
High-quality images attract the child and do not move his attention beyond the boundaries of the picture. In high-quality publications, the drawings are usually bright, clear, “spacious” (on a light background, for better visual perception of the child), realistic, and the images of the characters’ bodies are proportional. High-quality illustrations develop the baby’s aesthetic taste. Communication with a book for a child is the first acquaintance with the world of art.
At 2-3 years old, children cannot yet listen to long fairy tales, so short rhythmic works (poems, songs, ditties, counting rhymes, etc.) and short stories and fairy tales are the best choice for children.
List of books for young children:
1. Russian folk tales (“Turnip”, “Teremok”, “Kolobok”, “Ryaba Hen”). Promote the development of logical thinking. For example, in the fairy tale “Turnip”, the child remembers the characters in the order in which the heroes pulled the turnip - an excellent exercise for developing memory and logic.
4. Fairy tales of foreign writers. A prominent representative is D. Donaldson. The most famous works are the fairy tale “The Gruffalo” (about a little mouse who was able to outwit the terrible monster Gruffalo), “The Gruffalo’s Little Daughter” (the book clearly traces a useful idea - you should not go far without asking your parents, it can be dangerous).
5. Educational books - help children learn to draw, glue, and sculpt.
The development of speech directly depends on the development of fine motor skills, since the areas of the brain responsible for speech and movement are interdependent and located nearby.
There are many different aids and toys on the market for developing fine motor skills, but you don’t need special expensive toys to play with your child.
In fact, every home has everything you need - beans, pasta, buttons, lids, jars, etc.
The sooner work on developing fine motor skills begins, the sooner it will begin to bear fruit.
Sensory development is the child’s ideas about the external features of objects: their color, size, shape, taste, smell, etc.
A child of 2-3 years old is already able to name about 6 colors without errors, fold a pyramid, place figures of various shapes in the corresponding holes on the board, assemble a mosaic of 4 parts, draw lines within a sheet (long, short, round, vertical, horizontal ).
Outdoor games strengthen the muscles of the child’s body, prevent flat feet, develop coordination of movement, and contribute to the development of motor skills and speech.
Types of outdoor games:
Stuttering is a speech problem that is sometimes difficult to treat. Success can only be achieved through daily training.
Articulatory gymnastics for stuttering is one of the best, because it is aimed at strengthening the muscles of the articulatory apparatus.
Examples of exercises:
The age of early development (2-3 years) is a short, but truly unique period of life, when the child’s brain is programmed for intensive formation and learning. Parents should pay special attention to the child, because it is at this time that the foundation is laid for the development of the baby’s speech and thinking.
Speech therapy classes at home. An article about how parents can organize classes at home and what exercises they can do on their own to develop speech and improve sound pronunciation.
The role of speech cannot be underestimated. It allows a person to express his thoughts and communicate with other people. Speech is the basis of interaction in society. Speech disorders prevent a child from expressing his thoughts and maintaining a conversation; they can lead to the appearance of complexes and affect school performance.
If you find sounds in your child’s speech that are not in their native language, or if you think that the child’s speech is not sufficiently developed for his age, you should immediately contact a speech therapist. The sooner a problem is detected, the faster and more effectively it can be corrected. As a rule, they are carried out with children starting from 3 years of age. But now a new direction has emerged - “speech therapy of early age”, focused on the prevention and correction of pre-speech and primary speech manifestations of deviant development in children under three years of age. At the LOGOS Children's Center there are speech therapists who work with children from 3 years of age, as well as speech therapists who specialize specifically in early childhood.
To achieve the maximum effect and help the child make his speech correct, competent and clear, it is not enough to send the child to a children's center, where a speech therapist will work with him. An equally important role is played by the child’s activities with his parents at home. The joint work of a speech therapist in classes and parents at home will be most effective. It is important that the speech therapist explains and shows parents not only what exercise to do at home with their child, but also how exactly to do it. After all, only a specialist knows the nuances of performing this or that exercise and the secrets that will help make the task or exercise as effective as possible for a particular child. In addition, no one has canceled the main rule of all doctors and teachers, “Do no harm.” And it is not so difficult to cause harm out of ignorance, for example, by fixing an incorrectly placed sound in speech. This often happens when parents try to produce the sound on their own. It won't be easy to fix this sound. Therefore, our Center welcomes the presence of parents in class - this helps parents understand exactly how to continue studying at home. But there are simple exercises that moms and dads can easily do with their baby on their own. These exercises will not harm the baby in any way, but, on the contrary, will strengthen his speech apparatus, motor skills and auditory attention, preparing him to pronounce difficult sounds.
It is important that homework is not like lessons, but like a game. Come up with different stories to captivate your child. If you conduct classes in the form of games, your child will be more willing to learn to speak correctly, which will certainly help achieve great results in a short time.
Under no circumstances should you be angry if something doesn’t work out for your child! Correcting pronunciation is not easy; you cannot teach your child to pronounce all sounds clearly and clearly in one lesson, as well as to use complex words. In any activity, time plays an important role. Mistakes are an integral part of the learning process.
Be patient, praise your child even for the smallest successes, support him if something doesn’t work out. If you break down and scold your baby, then he will not speak better, but will only withdraw into himself, which can aggravate speech problems.
Classes must be regular. It is better to exercise 5 minutes a day than once a week for 1.5 hours. At the very beginning, you can start exercising with 3-5 minutes a day, gradually increasing them to 15-20 minutes twice a day.
Articulation exercises play a huge role, because they contribute to the development of the speech apparatus, thanks to which children learn to control it and cope with the pronunciation of even complex sounds.
You need to do articulation gymnastics daily, 1-2 times a day for 3-5 minutes. All exercises should be performed without tension (the child sits quietly, the shoulders do not rise). Each exercise should be performed five times, each approach no longer than 5 seconds (counted by an adult). Add one new exercise per day, and if you find it difficult to perform an exercise, you need to return to a simpler one.
It is recommended to perform articulation exercises in front of a mirror. Do the exercises with your child. It is better to buy a large mirror in which not only the child, but also you can be seen. In this case, the baby will be able to repeat all the actions. Since the best option is to exercise while sitting, it is better to purchase a tabletop mirror.
Currently, the range of teaching aids is huge. When choosing, you need to focus on publications with bright illustrations; they attract attention and maintain the child’s interest.
If your baby pronounces all the sounds, but has difficulty coordinating words and retelling or has a poor vocabulary, then give preference to literature: N.V. Nishcheva “Teaching children storytelling based on pictures”, N.E. Teremkova “I am learning to retell”, N.E. Teremkov “Speech therapy homework for children 5-7 years old with OHP”, O.A. Novikovskaya “Speech Therapy Grammar”.
The level of development of a child’s speech is directly related to the development of fine motor skills. Even ordinary plasticine will be an effective tool for training it. It is enough for kids to knead this material and sculpt simple one-color shapes. With older children, learn to make more complex multi-colored figures, for example, different animals.
You can make several figures and come up with a story for them, in this case the child will develop his imagination and increase his vocabulary. For example, a story about going to a grocery store - you can make fruits and vegetables, put them on the “counter” and play seller and buyer. Thanks to this game, the child will expand his vocabulary, remembering the names of vegetables and fruits, and will be able to repeat colors and shapes.
* Buy a su-jok ball, which consists of two parts: a spiky ball and a spring. Place the spring on your fingers one at a time, saying nursery rhymes or simply naming your fingers, and roll the ball over the baby’s palms and fingers.
* Compete in pulling ribbons, strings, pencils, and laces with your fingers.
* Wrap small objects in foil and let your baby unwrap them.
* Let the child in the summer, on the way from the dacha, pick off one petal from a chamomile.
* Let the bubbles press on the bubble wrap.
* Allow your child to fasten and unfasten buttons himself, unscrew and tighten the caps of plastic bottles.
* Give a bowl of mixed peas and beans or smaller grains to make the task more challenging - ask your child to sort.
* Give your child small objects and ask them to put them one at a time into a plastic bottle through the neck. A variant of the game at sea is collecting small pebbles in a bottle. This game also teaches the baby to determine the size of objects by eye.
* Let the child wrap the ribbon around a stick or finger.
* Play with clothespins! Let the child hang out the doll's clothes to dry. And if you attach clothespins to a yellow circle cut out of cardboard, you will get a sun!
The game “Who Eats What” should be in the arsenal of both specialists and mothers. This game implements a large number of pedagogical tasks, and most importantly, it is attractive and interesting for children (and adults too). You can practice grammar, vocabulary, and automate naughty sounds. This game is also useful for non-speaking children: using the correct game instructions, an adult can stimulate the child’s speech activity.
* It is very useful to do appliqué. The hand movements that are involved in cutting using scissors are very good not only for fine motor skills, but also for excellent brain development. It will be useful to make an application and come up with a story about it. For example, when making an applique of a dragonfly, invite your child to come up with a story about it. Help your child by asking him guiding questions:
What is your dragonfly's name? What is she like? What does she like doing? Where did she fly? Who did you meet?
Here's an example of a story that might come out:
Once upon a time there lived a dragonfly. Her name was Zabava. She was multi-colored and her wings shimmered in the sun with all the colors of the rainbow. One day, a dragonfly flew to hunt a pond. She dreamed of catching a fatter mosquito. Above the pond she saw a fat, very fat mosquito flying over the water and cheerfully singing a song: zu-zu-zuuuu, zu-zu-zuuuu, I don’t fight the dragonfly!
The dragonfly, Fun, liked the song so much that she changed her mind about catching a mosquito and decided to make friends with it. She flew up to the mosquito and began to sing along with it: za-za-zaaaa, za-za-zaaaa - I’m a big dragonfly. Thus began the first ever friendship between a dragonfly and a mosquito.
Such an application will contribute not only to the development of motor skills, but also imagination, coherent speech, strengthen good relationships with adults, elevate mood, and will also help to consolidate the sound [Z] in speech if this sound is at the stage of automation.
It often happens that a child can correctly pronounce a sound in isolation, but does not use it in speech. In this case, you need to automate the difficult sound.
It is important that sound automation be staged: first, sound is automated in syllables, then in words, in phrases, and only then in coherent speech. A specialist will help you choose the right material for automation (select words where the automated sound will be in the correct position, exclude words with mixed sounds or words with sounds that the child distorts).
To introduce sound into spontaneous speech, use as much as possible in everyday communication with your child words that contain a sound that is difficult for him. For example, if the child cannot cope with the sound “r”, then in the store, approaching the fish department, ask the child: “What is for sale here”? If you see something red, ask the child to name this word: for example, “red roof”, “red ball”, etc. When opening the door, ask the child to say the action: “turn the handle”, etc.
It will be useful to memorize poems with difficult sounds, for example, for differentiation (discrimination) and consolidation of the sounds P, Рь and L, L in speech; it will be useful for a child to learn Samuel Marshak’s poem “Mary”:
At little Mary's
Big loss:
Her right shoe was missing.
In one she jumps
And cries pitifully
- You can’t live without the other!
But, dear Mary,
Don't cry about the loss.
Right foot boot
We'll sew you a new one
Or we’ll buy a ready-made one,
But just be careful!
The role of parents in teaching and raising a child is enormous. Whether parents can cope with their child’s difficulties on their own will depend primarily on what disorder caused the speech disorder. For example, those associated with dyslalia can improve on their own, but dysarthric disorders require the involvement of a speech therapist and often a neurologist. But in any case, it is important to work with the baby at home, then the child will be able to quickly cope with all speech difficulties and master communication skills.
When a child of 2-3 years old still does not speak, parents panic. It seems to them that if the neighbor's children speak very well, then theirs, however, this is not so. Speech therapists say that every child is individual. You can practice at home. In this article you can familiarize yourself with exercises, tips and tricks that will help interest your child. You will learn why speech therapy classes for children are needed. 2-3 years is the age of interest in everything and curiosity. Therefore, you will not have any problems.
Each child is individual. One starts talking early, the other starts talking late. Of course, all parents worry when their 2-year-old toddler doesn’t want to speak at all, but only points his finger. To prevent such incidents from happening, it is necessary to regularly conduct speech therapy sessions with children.
First of all, your child needs regular communication. In order for him to be interested in spending time with adults, he needs to interest the baby. Then 2-3 years will be useful - the age when a child should be able to speak at least some words. If this does not happen, then pay maximum attention to the exercises.
Most often based on imitation. Kids try to copy those around them. These are actions, words, gestures, facial expressions, etc. A 2-3 year old child is restless and does not know how to concentrate, so it is best to work with him when he wants it. First of all, parents need to achieve emotional contact with the child. When this happens, you can safely engage with your baby, play or just communicate.
Few people believe that they are developing speech. However, this has been scientifically proven. Therefore, try to pay attention. Here are some examples:
Finger gymnastics is a warm-up that every child needs to get him interested in a further lesson. After all, speech therapy classes for children require perseverance. 2-3 years is the age of fidgets. Therefore, we first interest the baby, and then we begin the exercise.
Before conducting speech therapy classes for children 2-3 years old at home, it is necessary to develop the muscles of the tongue. This is why it is needed. It is advisable to spend it together with the baby in front of the mirror:
This is how speech therapy classes for children (2-3 years old) are held at home. However, the child will have fun and interest only when you engage with the baby in the game, and not force him.
When you have successfully completed finger and articulation gymnastics, you can begin to study sounds or syllables. To do this, you need to imitate the sounds of animals or objects with your child. Say the following phrases to your baby:
Speech therapy classes for children (2-3 years old) at home are very useful and exciting. In a playful way, you and your baby can achieve great success.
Such activities help children not only master speech, but also expand their vocabulary. Speech therapy rhythms develop a child’s motor skills, speech, thinking, memory, and attention. Exercises are given to children from two years old. When your child speaks poorly, let him repeat only what he remembers. If he does not speak at all, then the adult sings, and at this time the child’s hearing develops and his speech reserve is replenished.
Speech therapy classes for children 2-3 years old are interesting and exciting. When you start singing and doing the exercise, the child will become interested, and he will involuntarily begin to repeat after you. There are several exciting games:
Our legs(reaches palms to feet)
walking along the path(slaps his hands on his knees).
Over the bumps, over the bumps(moves in slow steps)
all the flowers step over(raises his legs high).
These are interesting speech therapy classes for children 2-3 years old. Exercises should be carried out only with musical accompaniment. Then the child will really like such activities, and he will please you with his successes.
These activities are necessary for the child to develop hearing. Children must identify sounds. This could be the sound of rain, thunder, a dog barking or a cat purring, etc. Speech therapy classes with non-speaking children 2-3 years old should be carried out as usual. Remember, this is not a pathology, but most likely laziness, which needs to be overcome with the help of exciting exercises.
Let your baby listen to 2 sounds, for example, a baby crying and a vacuum cleaner running. Let the little one determine who or what is making the sound. When tasks are already easy for him, you can complicate the exercise. Let your baby listen to 3 different sounds, and then 4. If he is in no hurry to speak, then help him and do not scold the baby.
Speech therapist classes for children 2-3 years old can be carried out by parents at home. If you practice with your baby every day, then he will start talking faster than you expect.
Poems are an integral part of speech development. It is important that there is a simple rhyme, then it will be more interesting for the child to practice:
Poems for children 2-3 years old are offered very small so that the child can easily remember them. When you see that the baby begins to recite small rhymes in full, then you can complicate the task.
They are also necessary for the development of the baby’s speech. Pure sayings, like poems, should be short and easy to remember:
You can come up with such pure sayings yourself. It all depends on which letters the baby cannot pronounce.
Nowadays, it is very common to find non-speaking children aged 2-3 years. This does not mean that the child has speech problems. Speech therapists say that there is no need to worry until the age of three. However, speech therapy classes for children still wouldn’t hurt. 2-3 years is an inquisitive age, so kids will be happy to exercise if they are interested.
The first few lessons should last no more than 3 minutes. Then you can gradually increase the time. It is important that the baby likes it. If you see that your child is tired and doesn’t want to study, don’t force him. Postpone the exercises until your baby is in the mood for exercise.
It's better to exercise a little every day. Then the baby develops skills, habits and memory. Don't scold him for incorrect movements and pronunciation. Remember, your baby is just learning. Don't discourage him from studying. After all, if you scold and punish, then nothing good will come of it.
In the article we got acquainted with several types of games. They are excellent for speech development. From this we can conclude that the exercises are not difficult. Therefore, speech therapist classes with children 2-3 years old can be carried out by the mother at home. The main thing is to follow the recommendations of experts.
Thanks to the above games, you will well replenish your child’s vocabulary, help you think logically, imagine and fantasize. Children's memory improves, they become more diligent and begin to speak faster: first some sounds, then syllables. Many kids, with the help of such games, immediately spoke not in words, but in sentences. So don’t worry about your baby’s speech. Daily activities will help you and your baby achieve great success.
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