Drugs for the treatment of syphilis. Tablets for syphilis. Issues of improvement and social policy were discussed in Tula

Tablets for syphilis are medications for oral administration. This infectious disease is caused by Treponema pallidum, which affects the mucous membranes, skin and organs. Infection occurs through microtrauma or during fetal development. Syphilis occurs in 4 stages, each of which has its own treatment regimen. It will take a long time to take the pills. They are prescribed immediately after confirmation of the diagnosis.

Currently, there are various drugs for the treatment of syphilis that give results at any stage. First of all, these are antibiotics and iodine compounds. In the past, the tablets contained mercury, to which Treponema is sensitive. Currently, such anti-syphilis drugs are prohibited for use due to their high toxicity.

Are oral medications effective?

Treatment of syphilis with tablets is carried out at any period of the disease. However, complete recovery is possible only in its primary and secondary forms. Oral administration of drugs is switched to when destructive changes appear in muscle tissue after frequent injections. However, the pills have side effects on the digestive system. With prolonged use, it is possible to develop ulcers and liver damage.

The basis of drug treatment for syphilis is penicillin antibiotics. Treponema pallidum has not developed resistance to them. Ancillary medications such as immunostimulants and vitamins are also used in tablet form. In certain cases, before giving an intramuscular injection, the same drug is taken orally.

Long-acting antibiotics can be used to treat syphilis in an outpatient setting. These effective drugs quickly destroy Treponema pallidum, but may have side effects. In the presence of allergic reactions to penicillin, antibacterial agents of other pharmacological groups are used:

• tetracyclines;
• cephalosporins;
• macrolides;
• streptomycins;
• aminoglycosides.

Primary syphilis is easy to treat. In this case, the tablets are taken for 3 months, after which complete recovery occurs. In advanced forms, the therapeutic course can last more than 2 years. By the time syphilis passes into the tertiary period, the causative agent of the infection develops resistance to antibiotics. In this case, arsenic and bismuth preparations are used.

The patient is considered healthy if there are no symptoms of syphilis and tests give a negative result within 5 years after stopping taking the pills.

How do medications work?

The mechanism of action of such drugs depends on the substances included in their composition. Penicillin prevents the formation of the cell membrane of Treponema pallidum. The betalactam substance reacts with bacterial proteins. This promotes the activation of enzymes that promote self-destruction of the bacterium.

Penicillin is not destroyed by gastric juice. The maximum concentration in the blood is achieved 2 hours after taking the tablet. The cure for syphilis gradually spreads to all tissues and biological environments of the body. Its concentration in the blood gradually decreases. Part of the active substance is excreted unchanged by the kidneys within 6 hours after administration. The elimination period is extended in the presence of diseases of the excretory system.

Types of tablets

There are many medicines that can be used to cure syphilis. By combining drugs from various pharmacological groups, the doctor draws up the most effective schemes for eliminating sexually transmitted diseases:

Rules of application

Modern methods of treating syphilis involve individual selection of drugs. This takes into account the stage of infection, the age of the patient and the presence of concomitant pathologies.

Tablets should be taken every 8 hours half an hour before meals. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms of the disease and the results of its use in the first days. During the treatment period, you must refrain from drinking alcohol and smoking. Do not exceed the dosage prescribed by your doctor.

Treatment regimens for secondary and tertiary syphilis include drugs from several pharmacological groups. This increases the effectiveness of therapy and speeds up the healing process. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the compatibility of drugs. Penicillins, which are effective against proliferating bacteria, cannot be used in combination with bacteriostatics (aminoglycosides).

When interacting with anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic drugs, antibiotics may be eliminated from the body more slowly. Most of them reduce the effectiveness of combined oral contraceptives. Intravenous administration of glucose while taking penicillin can provoke the development of allergic reactions.

Treatment of syphilis, methods, regimens and drugs at different stages of the disease

For five centuries, patients with syphilis were treated with mercury preparations. This was explained by the fact that Treponema pallidum is very sensitive to compounds of mercury, bismuth, arsenic and iodine, which block the enzymes of the microbe. However, this treatment was not effective enough due to high toxicity. According to some data, with this treatment up to 80% of patients died from an overdose of mercury.

Modern medicine uses more humane treatment methods.

The first thing to do if you suspect syphilis is to exclude any sexual contact until complete cure, and the sexual partner that the patient had during the expected incubation period must also be carefully checked.

For now the disease is treated at all stages , but its treatment requires a competent and responsible approach on the part of the doctor, as well as strict compliance by the patient with all treatment instructions.

Drug treatment primarily based on application antibacterial drugs and penicillin antibiotics. The fact is that treponema pallidum is almost the only microorganism that, despite decades of penicillin therapy, is still highly sensitive to penicillin and its derivatives and does not have antipenicillin protection.

Only in cases of special resistance isolated from a sick strain to penicillin derivatives or the patient is allergic to penicillins can be used alternative treatment regimen with antibiotics of other pharmacological groups:

• Macrolides (erythromycin, medicamycin)
• Tetracycline antibiotics (tetracycline)
• Streptomycins and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin)
• Azithromycins

Early stages of the disease are easier to cure than older stages. For example at the initial stage Antibacterial treatment lasting about three months is optimal and, as a rule, leads to a complete cure. However in later stages treatment can last up to two years.

For the doctor it is important to fix before starting treatment results of serological studies. Since after the end of the course of treatment, repeated serological tests are necessary, which will show the dynamics of the cure and its result.

After treatment has been prescribed, it is necessary a series of visits to the treating venereologist so that he can monitor the activity of the infection and the effectiveness of treatment. This also allows the doctor to make the necessary adjustments to the treatment regimen.

There are times when there is a need for repetition course of antibiotic therapy.

Besides, The use of immunostimulating drugs is also important in treatment , since Treponema pallidum has the ability to seem to “elude” the immune system.

At a fairly advanced stage of the disease in the tertiary period and if at the same time there is pronounced resistance of Treponema pallidum to antibiotics, and the patient feels quite well, then toxic therapy is allowed. That is, the doctor can add to antibiotics derivatives of arsenic (miarsenol, novarsenol) or bismuth (biyoquinol).

When diagnosing this sexually transmitted disease during pregnancy , the woman is prescribed two mandatory courses of treatment.

• The first and main course is carried out only inpatiently immediately after confirmation of the diagnosis.
• The preventive course can be carried out both in a hospital and in a home outpatient clinic for a period of twenty to twenty-four weeks.

This the treatment is quite successful and almost completely reduces the possibility of developing a congenital infection in a child.

However, after birth, The child must be examined.

It is worth keeping in mind that the body does not develop any effective specific immunity to the causative agent of syphilis. Therefore, having been cured once, the patient is not at all immune from the possibility of infection again.

Medicines for the treatment of syphilis: tablets and medicines in other forms

Treatment for infection can be quite lengthy, especially if the person did not apply at the first alarming sign. Usually, treatment is carried out for two years with further examination and serotology every six months.

• In early forms diseases (primary, secondary and latent duration less than one year) are used penicillin antibiotics.

Primarily used benzathinebenzylpenicillin once intramuscularly 2.4 million units or procainebenzylpenicillin intramuscularly, 600,000 units per day for eight days.

Your doctor may also prescribe single doses of other antibiotics and bijoquinol, bismoverol (bismuth preparations).

• At late latent course of the disease benzathinebenzylpenicillin Prescribe 2.4 million units intramuscularly once a week for three weeks.

And for patients with neurosyphilis benzylpenicillin indicated intravenously for 10 days or more.

The duration of treatment depends solely on the form of syphilis, as well as individual drug tolerance, and the patient’s physical condition.

If the patient is allergic to penicillin, prescribe erythromycin or tetracycline , 500 mg four times a day for 30 days.

Antibiotics of other pharmacological groups are also used:

• Macrolides
• Streptomycins and fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin)
• Azithromycins

Although effectiveness of some macrolides It has not been confirmed by the instructions of the Ministry of Health, therefore tetracycline derivatives or cephalosporins are more often used.

Features of aminoglycosides is that they suppress the rapid reproduction of Treponema pallidum only in very high doses. But such doses have too toxic an effect on the human body. Therefore, in the form of monotherapy the use of aminoglycosides is not recommended.

Also the ineffectiveness of sulfonamides has been proven.

• For the treatment of pregnant women and children younger people choose erythromycin and ceftriaxone. These drugs do not have a negative effect on the fetus.

Also in addition to penicillin therapy Pregnant women are prescribed preventive treatment after treatment.

When treated with drugs penicillin such a type of disease as neurosyphilis is mandatory combination intramuscular or oral administration of antibacterial drugs with pyrotherapy with their endolumbar administration, which increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.

If the stage of the disease is already quite advanced and the infection develops in the tertiary period. In addition, treponema pallidum exhibits pronounced resistance to antibiotics, so a venereologist can add to general therapy drugs miarsenol or novarsenol (arsenic derivatives) or bioquinol(bismuth). But the patient’s condition must be satisfactory, since these drugs are quite toxic.

Can also be assigned immunostimulating drugs. They will improve weakened immunity or eliminate immunodeficiency conditions.

It should be kept in mind that any types of antisyphilitic therapy are used exclusively in specialized medical institutions according to special regulations and Using these drugs on your own is dangerous to your health and life.

Treatment regimen for various stages of syphilis in table form + photo

Most STIs are treatable if you seek medical help early. So, you can get rid of syphilis with the help of medications that are available in the form of tablets, solutions and powders for injection.

Let's take a closer look at which tablets for syphilis are most often prescribed for treatment, and what distinctive properties they have.

Tablets are used to treat all forms of syphilis, but the effect will be different in each case. Specific instructions regarding the composition and duration of drug therapy can only be given by the attending physician; it is prohibited to carry out treatment on your own.

Whether syphilis can be cured with tablets depends on the stage of development of the disease. Positive results of therapy and complete destruction of treponema pallidum can be achieved only in the initial stages, that is, at the primary and the beginning of the secondary phase.

As the disease progresses, the bacterium spreads throughout the patient’s body, and therefore oral medications will no longer be able to reach all foci of infection. In such cases, it is necessary to administer the active substances intramuscularly or intravenously so that they can accumulate in the cerebrospinal fluid.

In the first stages, tablets can be used as the main treatment for the disease. They are also indicated for scarring of the gluteal muscle due to frequent injections. In other cases, such drugs play the role of auxiliary agents.

They are used for the following purposes:

• preparing the body for basic therapy;
• taking the active substance orally in advance before its injection;
• undergoing a preventive course of treatment;
• the use of tablets as adjuncts to therapy.

Operating principle

The action of the active substances of tablet preparations is aimed at blocking the reproduction and spread of treponemas, and the general destruction of the causative agent of syphilis. This is possible due to the disruption of the synthesis of certain substances by microbial cells and the destruction of the protective shell of the bacterium. Therefore, whether syphilis can be cured with tablets largely depends on the number of spirochetes and their location in the patient’s body.

Also, some drugs have a beneficial effect on the human body and its immune system. They saturate it with vitamins, stimulate protective functions, and neutralize the harmful effects of antibiotics on beneficial microflora.

Since the products are used orally, it is important that they have a protective, acid-resistant coating. It will allow the active substances to be delivered to the intestines, and from there they will penetrate the mucous membrane and the circulatory system.

After a certain time, the medicine is eliminated from the body naturally. To provide a therapeutic effect, it is important to constantly maintain the required concentration of the drug in the patient’s blood.

Types of drugs

All anti-syphilis tablets used in modern medicine can be divided into several categories. Some are used directly to neutralize and destroy treponemas, others help cope with the disease by strengthening the body’s own defenses.

In addition, it is worth taking into account the different composition and pharmacological groups of drugs, which directly determine their effect and price.

The following groups of drugs can be used to undergo drug therapy for syphilis:

• immunomodulators;
• anabiotics;
• vitamins;
• antiseptics;
• penicillins;
• cephalosporins;
• tetracyclines;
• macrolides;
• aminoglycosides;
• fluoroquinolones;
• based on toxic substances;
• antihistamines to suppress allergic manifestations.

The main importance is given to antibiotics that can have an effect on Treponema pallidum. Penicillins, tetracyclines and third-generation cephalosporins have proven themselves well.

Other types of antibacterial drugs are less effective, but they can be used as adjuncts, as well as in cases of intolerance to the mentioned substances by the patient.

List of funds

There are a huge number of tablets used in the treatment of STIs. They are divided into groups according to the principle of action, origin and composition of active components.

Let's look at the table which tablets can be used to treat syphilis today:

Side effects

If you plan to treat syphilis with tablets, you must take into account the likelihood of side effects due to their use. This is especially true for antibacterial drugs, as they affect the functioning of the entire body.

There is a risk of developing the following symptoms:

• nausea and vomiting;
• headache;
• dizziness;
• allergy;
• skin rash;
• diarrhea;
• colitis;
• stone formation and sand in the kidneys;
• jaundice;
• noise in ears;
• muscle and joint pain;
• visual disturbances;
• stomatitis;
• increased salivation;
• dysbacteriosis;
• candidiasis;
• respiratory dysfunction;
• increased photosensitivity;
• slower bone growth;
• gastritis;
• esophagitis;
• heartburn;
• increased blood pressure;
• destruction of tooth enamel;
• glossitis;
• dysfunction of hematopoiesis.

As for tablets directly, the main problem is the negative impact on the gastrointestinal tract. Long-term use of oral medications can cause indigestion, erosive changes in the gastric mucosa, and acid-base imbalance. Also in some cases there is a negative effect on the liver and kidneys.

During treatment, it is necessary to monitor the patient's health status. If unpleasant symptoms occur, you should think about changing the form of the drug.

If long-term treatment is necessary, preference should be given to intramuscular injections and infusion therapy. It is possible to alternate courses using different types of medications.

Restrictions and contraindications

Before using this or that medicine, you must clarify what restrictions the instructions for it prescribe.

Depending on the type of medication, the following contraindications may be present:

• allergy;
• disorders of hematopoietic function;
• gastrointestinal ulcer;
• liver and kidney failure;
• bronchial asthma;
• enterocolitis;
• diabetes;
• heart failure;
• Infectious mononucleosis;
• purulent inflammation;
• pulmonary tuberculosis;
• hay fever;
• mycosis.

The main contraindication to the use of a particular product is intolerance to its components. The allergic reaction can manifest itself too intensely, up to anaphylactic shock and Quincke's edema.

It is also worth clarifying the safety of taking the drug during pregnancy and lactation. Tablets are strictly contraindicated for small children, as they simply cannot swallow them. They use drops, injections and suppositories.

We should not forget that not all forms of syphilis can be overcome with tablets and capsules. If the disease has gone too far, you cannot do without injections and IVs.

Admission rules

In order for therapy to be useful, you must adhere to the rules for taking medications. The attending physician should tell you what pills to take for syphilis, what dosage and frequency of administration, based on the test results.

The course of therapy should be adjusted taking into account existing health problems, in particular endocrine pathologies.

The following factors influence the development of a treatment program:

• stage and form of the disease;
• the presence of concomitant pathologies;
• type of drug used;
• patient's age;
• pregnancy;
• preparatory, main or preventive course;
• the period of removal of active substances from the body;
• selected treatment regimen;
• monitoring test results during treatment.

With the help of tablets, you can get rid of primary syphilis in a few months, but long-standing, latent and complicated forms of the disease can only be stopped and transferred to the status of infectious-safe. Their treatment requires antibiotic injections and longer therapy, up to several years.

You can find out more information about the tablets used to treat syphilis by watching the video in this article.

The difficulty of getting rid of syphilis comes from the difficulty of diagnosing it in the early stages. The treatment regimen is selected based on the type of disease, as well as the stage of development. And a separate medicine for syphilis is selected taking into account the characteristics of each case separately.

Basic principles of drug therapy

Syphilis is usually divided into sexual and domestic. The principles of their treatment are largely similar. In most cases, therapeutic regimens are based on the use of drugs from the category of strong antibiotics, usually by injection. Let's look at which injections for syphilis are most effective below.

Groups of drugs against this disease are represented by the following types of medications:

• penicillin;
• macrolide antibiotics;
• tetracycline;
• Ceftriaxone.

The above drugs against syphilis are most often used in therapeutic techniques.

At the same time, questions are asked about the pills. Thus, treatment of syphilis with tablets is present in medical practice, but it also has a number of nuances when selecting medications.

The most commonly used are Rovamycin, Sumamed, Cefotaxime and Amoxicillin. You have to take the pills for a long time, but their effect can be quite weak, which will only lead to the elimination of the primary symptoms.

Penicillin series

Among the most common schemes of therapeutic techniques is the “penicillin series or blockade,” which is based on water-soluble penicillin.

This method is indicated for use in cases where it is necessary to introduce a higher concentration of a substance into the area of ​​affected tissue, as well as in cases of diagnosing neurosyphilis. As for how much such treatment costs, it does not cost more.

Patient intolerance to antibacterial drugs

Often the patient and the attending physician are faced with the question of what methods and medications to use during therapy if the patient is intolerant to antibacterial drugs. In the majority of cases, such situations are treated with tetracycline drugs, in particular, tetracycline is prescribed.

As well as complex therapy with the following medications:

• Erythromycin;
• Doxycyline;
• Sumamed.

The choice of drugs largely depends on the stage of development of the disease. So, in the early stages of the disease, Azithromycin, also known as Sumamed, can be prescribed. It is recommended to combat advanced forms or latent syphilis with a comprehensive prescription of antibiotics and bismuth preparations. If you are intolerant of the above medications, they can be replaced with cefazolin injections.

The drug use regimen is as follows:

• Tetracycline – 2 times a day, contraindicated in case of poor hearing and kidney disease, children under 8 years of age;
• Doxcilin - 2 times a day, exposure to direct sunlight is prohibited during treatment, it negatively affects bone tissue.

Features of treatment with ceftriaxone

Continuing to consider the question of how to stop syphilis, what injections, whether the disease can be treated, we should reveal the features of the use of ceftriaxone.

Thus, when patients are prescribed this antibiotic, positive dynamics are observed already in the first week of drug administration.

At the same time, ceftriaxone has a number of advantages over other medications:

• Quickly penetrates the body, is effective even in advanced stages of the disease, and also if the virus has penetrated the brain;
• Prescription for pregnant women is allowed;
• The drug is special in that it prevents further synthesis of the pathogen.

The course of treatment with ceftriaxone depends on the stage and form of the sexually transmitted disease.

Thus, the drug is indicated for use for:

• Neurosyphilis;
• Latent forms of the disease;
• Secondary form.

Duration of treatment:

• Preventive and prophylactic treatment – ​​7 days;
• Initial stage – 10 days;
• Secondary form and latent syphilis – 15-18 days;
• Neurosyphilis in the initial stage – 20 days;
• The last stage of the disease is 18 days and after 2 weeks the course is repeated;
• Meningitis due to sexually transmitted diseases – 20 days.

Conclusion

Numerous reviews from doctors and patients once again confirm the effectiveness of ceftriaxone. Patients wonder whether the disease can be cured with one injection.

According to doctors, such a technique has not been developed today, since the antibiotic acts as it accumulates in the body, in addition, such drugs are quickly eliminated from the body, which in 70% of cases leads to relapse and development of the disease at an accelerated pace.

Content

Among sexually transmitted diseases, syphilis, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, is especially dangerous. You can become infected with this pathology not only through sexual contact. Sometimes infection occurs through household items. As a result of infection by Treponema pallidum, the genitals, bones, nervous system and skin are affected. It is also possible to treat the infection at home, but only at an early stage and with mandatory adherence to the treatment regimen prescribed by the venereologist.

What is syphilis

This is the name of a sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by treponema pallidum (spirochete). This microbe infects mucous membranes, skin and internal organs at high speed. The disease has an incubation period of 4-5 weeks, but it can be shorter or longer - sometimes up to 3-4 months. At this time, the disease occurs without symptoms. If a hard chancre is located on a woman’s cervix, then the disease can generally go unnoticed for a long time. Signs appear at the end of the incubation period.

The main symptom is chancroid - a painless ulceration that forms in the first stage of the disease. This formation appears in the area of ​​penetration of pale treponema and is a dense infiltrate with erosion or ulceration on the surface. Chancre is most often observed on the genitals. In general, this disease occurs in the following several stages:

1. First. It is accompanied only by the appearance of ulcers at the sites of infection. Pain in the affected areas is rare.
2. Second. It develops if the first stage of the disease is not treated. Here the patient suffers from malaise, a rash all over the body, including the soles and palms. This stage may remain inactive for months or even years, resulting in a feeling of recovery.
3. Third. It appears several years after the untreated first stage. Accompanied by the development of destructive changes in body organs, which lead to deafness, blindness, deformities, bone and skin disorders. At a late stage, the disease can be cured, but it is no longer possible to get rid of complications on the internal organs.

Symptoms

A characteristic sign of this venereal disease is a hard chancre, which has a dense base, a brown-red bottom and smooth edges. Atypical formations may also appear: on the tongue, tonsils, lips, palate. Main routes of transmission:

• sexual, i.e. during sex - anal, oral, vaginal;
• less common is household infection, when infection occurs through a kiss and through any object of use where treponemes remain that have reached the surface from the undried discharge of the patient;
• through blood, when infection occurs during its transfusion or other manipulations with this biological fluid.

Syphilis, depending on the stage of development of the disease, can be primary and secondary. 7-14 days after the appearance of hard chancre, an increase in the nearest lymph nodes is observed - generalized lymphadenitis. This means that treponemes have begun to spread throughout the body. The ulcer heals in 20-40 days, leaving a small, dense scar, but the infection continues to develop. By the end of the primary period, women and men experience the following symptoms:

• pain in joints and muscles;
• headache;
• low-grade fever;
• loss of appetite;
• weakness;
• insomnia.

In men, against the background of these signs, swelling of the scrotum, head and foreskin of the penis is observed, and in women, swelling of the labia. After the primary phase, the secondary phase begins to develop. 8-11 weeks after the first ulcers appear, the disease progresses - a symmetrical rash appears throughout the body, including the feet and palms. Papules are more faded and are more often observed on the following parts of the body:

• on extensor surfaces;
• on mucous membranes;
• in the inguinal folds;
• in the intergluteal fold.

Most patients do not report other symptoms, but some experience a fever of up to 37 degrees, a sore throat and a runny nose. For this reason, this sexually transmitted infection at this stage is confused with a sore throat or a common cold. The tertiary form of the disease is rare, but can develop in the absence of timely treatment 3-5 years after the appearance of the first spots. Symptoms of the last stage of treponema damage are associated with pathological changes in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain. The main signs of the tertiary form of the disease are:

• gummas on the skin, brain, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, bones;
• deformation of the back of the nose;
• dementia;
• progressive paralysis.

How to treat the disease

For a long time, this disease was treated in not very humane ways, for example, by rubbing mercury ointment, which gave many side effects. Patients died from mercury poisoning. Another method of treatment was metals: platinum, vanadium, gold, but they also did not bring a positive result. The pathology became treatable only with the advent of the antibiotic penicillin. It is the standard of outpatient treatment for this disease.

Treatment of primary syphilis involves a 2-week course of antibiotics. Penicillin is administered intramuscularly at 2.4 million units once a week. Oral antibiotics are not suitable for treating this disease. In the early stages of infection, 1 to 3 infusions are sufficient. Treatment of secondary syphilis follows the same scheme. In addition to antibiotics, the patient is prescribed the following procedures:

• treatment of skin rashes with chlorhexidine with penicillin dissolved in saline;
• lubricating the chancre with heparin ointment or a mixture of glycerin, podophyllin and dimethyl sulfoxide;
• irradiation of ulcers with a helium-neon laser for 10 minutes daily for 14 days.

Latent early and secondary recurrent syphilis is treated further. Large doses of penicillin are administered over the course of a month. On the third day of therapy, bismuth preparations are added. In the hospital, penicillin is administered 8 times a day for 2 weeks. Next, the patient is transferred to outpatient treatment - bicillin-3 or bicillin-5 is administered 2 times a week (in total - at least 10 times). The first injection is given in the hospital 3 hours after the administration of penicillin.

Additionally, the patient is prescribed vitamin complexes and drugs that restore the liver. Regardless of the stage, the patient must follow the following rules:

• include complete proteins in your diet;
• limit foods with a lot of fat;
• reduce physical activity;
• Avoid sexual intercourse, alcohol and smoking.

Duration of treatment

Therapy for primary syphilis has a minimum duration of 2 weeks. This form of the disease is easier to treat than others. If the therapy was chosen correctly, then antibodies to this infection in the blood rapidly decrease. Recovery from the secondary form of the disease takes at least 20-30 days. The most unfavorable prognosis is at the tertiary stage, when only 1% of patients recover health after the first course of antibiotics. Most patients require up to 3 years of therapy, and others even require lifelong medication.

Pills

Since drugs in the form of tablets are ineffective against this infection, such drugs are prescribed only to people who have had close contact with an infected person.

1. Rovamycin. Includes spiramycin, a substance that has an antibacterial effect. Indications for use: infections of bones and joints, skin, soft tissues, periodontium, meningococcal meningitis, allergy to penicillin. The average daily dosage is 4-6 tablets Rovamycin 1.5 million IU up to 2-3 times a day. Children are prescribed a dose based on body weight. Advantages of the drug - there have been no cases of overdose.
2. Sumamed. Based on azithromycin. It exhibits a bacteriostatic effect and belongs to the group of macrolide-azalide antibiotics. Indicated for the treatment of infections of the ENT organs, lower respiratory tract, soft tissues, Lyme disease, acne vulgaris. The drug should be taken 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after. Take 500 mg 2 times a day. The course of therapy lasts 2 weeks. The advantage is that it can be used in children. The dosage of tablets or suspension for them is 10 mg per 1 kg of weight.
3. Cefotaxime. Named after the active component in the composition. This is an antibiotic of the third generation cephalosporin group. Indications for use: pleurisy, pneumonia, bronchitis, abscesses, endocarditis, septicemia, bacterial meningitis, soft tissue and bone infections. Cefotaxime is not available in tablets. The advantage is that children can also take this medicine for syphilis. Dosage for an adult – 1-2 g intravenously every 4-12 hours, for a child weighing up to 50 kg – 2-6 times a day, 50-180 mg/kg.
4. Amoxicillin. It contains the active component of the same name. Belongs to the group of synthetic penicillins. The drug is used for infectious and inflammatory diseases: gynecological, digestive system, soft tissues and skin. The dosage for adults is 500 mg up to 3 times a day. Children are prescribed Amoxicillin suspension: under 2 years of age - 20 mg per 1 kg of weight, 2-5 years - 125 mg per day, 5-10 years - 250 mg per day, 10-12 years - 250-500 mg. The advantage is that antibiotic treatment can be carried out regardless of food intake.

Injections

The basis of treatment for this sexually transmitted infection is the intramuscular administration of antibiotics (intravenous is used less frequently). Penicillin and drugs based on it are most often used. The advantage of this medicine is its speed of action, but it is no less quickly eliminated from the body. Treatment regimen: injections every 3 hours for 2 weeks. In addition to syphilis, Penicillin is also used for other sexually transmitted pathologies: gonorrhea, blennorrhea.

An alternative to this medicine is the drug Bicillin. It differs in composition and concentration of active ingredients. Today it is a more popular drug. Its advantage is the absence of recorded cases of overdose. The drug is available in 3 different forms:

1. Bicillin-1. Includes benzathine benzylpenicillin. For syphilis, it is administered once a day. Not used if the disease has lasted for more than 1 year, in the second half of pregnancy, congenital syphilis, alopecia areata, leukoderma and neurosyphilis.
2. Bicillin-3. Contains benzathine benzylpenicillin, benzylpenicillins novocaine salt and sodium. The first 2 injections are administered at 300 thousand units at intervals of 24 hours, then 2 times weekly.
3. Bicillin-5. Includes benzylpenicillin novocaine salt, benzathine benzylpenicillin. Adults are administered 1.5 million units once a month, children under 8 years old - 600 thousand units once every 3 weeks, over the age of 8 years - 1.2-1.5 million units once a month.

Some patients are allergic to penicillin antibiotics. For this reason, they are prescribed other antibacterial drugs to treat syphilis, such as:

1. Ceftriaxone. Antibiotic from the group of cephalosporins. For preventive treatment, Ceftriaxone is administered for 5 days, for primary syphilis - 0.5 g for 10 days, for secondary syphilis - 0.5 g for 20 days.
2. Tetracycline. An antibiotic from the group of the same name. It is prescribed intramuscularly at a dose of 0.5 g every 6 hours for 15 days, in case of severe cases - for a whole month.
3. Doxycycline. Another tetracycline derivative. For primary and secondary forms of syphilis, 300 mg is prescribed daily for 10 days.

Homeopathy

Homeopathy is a type of alternative medicine that involves the use of medicines based on highly diluted substances in a ratio of 1:10 or 1:100. In their pure form, these components, on the contrary, aggravate the course of the disease. The principle of such treatment is to “stimulate” the immune system so that it responds to a substance that causes signs of Treponema pallidum in a healthy person. Preparations containing iodine or mercury have these properties. Medicines are taken alternately, changing every week.

According to this scheme (the sequence of administration is important), the following medications are used:

1. Mercuris Sublimatus. This is a homeopathic preparation of mercury. It is taken 4 times a day, 5-6 drops for a week.
2. Nitri Acidum. This is a nitric acid based product. It is recommended to use 4 drops up to 4 times throughout the day. Receptions are also carried out throughout the week.
3. Mercuris biiodatus. Contains iodine and mercury. You need to take 5-6 drops up to 4 times a day throughout the week. Next we return to the drug Nitri Acidum.

This scheme is repeated several times until the signs of the disease disappear. In the future, for prevention, take Mercurius Sublimate Corrosivus 2 times a day, 6 drops. Against the tertiary stage of the disease, iodine-based medications are used, for example, Kali iodatum. At the beginning of the course, take 10 drops 2 times a day, at the end of therapy - 20 drops. For hard chancre on the oral mucosa, use Fitolyak decandra - for rinsing or oral administration.

Modern methods

Penicillins have been and remain the drugs of choice for the treatment of this disease. In medicine, many tests have still not recorded cases of Treponema pallidum resistance to such drugs. In modern conditions, they began to practice the use of analogues of domestic bicilylne-1:

• benzathine benzipenicillins called Retarpen from Biochemi, Austria;
• extencillin from the French pharmaceutical company Rhone-Poulenc Rohrer.

These medications are used for primary or secondary fresh (old) syphilis, sometimes for latent disease. These medications are durable, i.e. have a prolonged effect. The injection schedule for these drugs is from 1 to 3 with an interval of 1 week. Benefits of the listed medications:

• ease of use in an outpatient setting - 1 injection per week instead of 8 per day;
• high efficiency at an early stage;
• hypoallergenic due to good purification of active ingredients.

The described treatment regimen can also be used for preventive treatment of persons who have been in close contact with an infected person. Condition: no more than 2 months have passed since the interaction. Then the patient is given one injection of a durant drug. Contraindications to the use of such drugs:

• visceral neurosyphilis;
• secondary recurrent syphilis;
• the disease lasts longer than 1 year.

Therapy for intolerance to basic antibacterial drugs

In case of hypersensitivity to penicillin drugs, the patient is prescribed Ceftriaxone, Tetracycline or Doxycycline. Erythromycin can be used:

1. Ingredients: erythromycin.
2. Therapeutic effect: antibacterial effect.
3. Indications for use: primary syphilis, gonorrhea, allergy to penicillin.
4. Daily dosage: for adults – 200-400 mg every 6 hours, for children – 40 mg/kg for 2-4 doses.
5. Advantages: can be used to treat a child, minimum contraindications and side effects.

These medications are prescribed in higher dosages for a course of 14-30 days. For fresh forms of the disease, treatment can be carried out with Sumamed. If the patient has intolerance to penicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline, then Cefazolin is allowed to be used:

1. Ingredients: cefazolin.
2. Therapeutic effect: bactericidal.
3. Indications for use: sexually transmitted diseases.
4. Dosage per day: 1-6 g for 2-3 injections.
5. Advantages: minimum contraindications (age up to 1 month, individual intolerance.

Preventive treatment

This method of therapy includes methods of combating the disease that prevent the development of infection. When the body is affected by Treponema pallidum, such methods are used in relation to persons who have had close household or sexual contact with the patient in the last 2 months. Treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis, the patient is given 4 injections with a frequency of 2 injections per week. The dose depends on the drug used:

• Bicillin-1 – 1.2 million units;
• Bicillin-3 – 1.8 million units;
• Bicillin-5 – 1.5 million units.

If benzathyl-benzipenicillin (Reterpene, Extensillin) is used, then the dosage is 2.4 million units, and one injection is sufficient. There are other preventive treatment regimens:

1. In stationary conditions. For 14 days, 400 thousand units of sodium or potassium salt are administered 8 times a day or 600 thousand units 2 times daily of novocaine salt of penicillin.
2. For persons for whom 2-4 months have passed since contact with an infected person. Such patients are prescribed a double serological examination. With a break of 2 months, RIT (treponema pallidum immobilization reaction), RIF (immunofluorescence reaction), and CSR (Wassermann reaction) are performed.
3. For recipients who have received blood transfusion from someone infected with Treponema pallidum. If no more than 3 months have passed since this procedure, then a treatment regimen for primary syphilis is used, if 3-6 months, the patient is subjected to double clinical and serological control with DCS, RIT, RIF.

Treatment regimen

Since syphilis has several stages and forms, it is not possible to treat them with the same method. When choosing a particular method, the following factors are taken into account:

• patient's age;
• form and stage of the disease;
• features of the patient's life;
• physical and moral condition of a person;
• tolerability of individual drugs;
• the presence of concomitant chronic pathologies.

Without waiting for the results of the analysis and relying on the examination and stories of the patient, the doctor prescribes an ultra-short treatment regimen for the patient. It is effective only during the first 24 hours after acquiring the infection. Ultra-short treatment regimen: single administration of Retarpen or Benzathine penicillin G at a dosage of 2.4 million units. The following treatment options are effective against different types of syphilis:

1. Specific. It consists of antibiotic treatment: 6 injections of 2 million 400 thousand units of bicillin-1, benzathinenicillin or Retarpen. Additionally, vitamins and immunomodulators are prescribed.
2. Preventive. Indicated for persons who have had sexual or close contact with a person with primary or secondary syphilis. Patients are prescribed 2 injections of bicillin-1 at a dose of 400 thousand units.
3. Preventive. Prescribed to pregnant women who have previously had syphilis or were infected after conception. In this case, 1 million 200 thousand units of bicillin-1 are prescribed intramuscularly twice a week. The entire course includes 7 injections.
4. Trial. This type of therapy is used when diagnosis is impossible, but there is a suspicion of Treponema pallidum. The trial treatment regimen is 400 thousand units of potassium or sodium salt of penicillin intramuscularly. The frequency of infusion is every 3 hours for 2 weeks.

Treatment at home

There is no effective folk method for treating this disease. All recipes for alternative medicine are used only as an auxiliary therapy. The basis of treatment should be medications for syphilis prescribed by a doctor. Traditional methods can be used after consultation with a specialist. Some doctors prescribe zinc supplements to patients to support the body. This mineral stimulates tissue healing and strengthens the immune system, which helps fight a wide range of microorganisms.

• apricots – rich in beta-carotene and vitamin C;
• garlic – contains allicin, ascorbic acid, quercetin, rutin, useful in the fight against pathogenic microorganisms;
• Canadian goldenseal is a powerful stimulant of the body’s circulatory and immune systems;
• red clover is a source of magnesium, copper, iron, calcium, vitamins A and C.

Wine and garlic

Traditional medicine advises using garlic and wine based remedies for syphilis. There are several recipes with these ingredients. The following are effective:

1. Dilute 100 ml of water with 200 g of strawberry jam. Bring the mixture to a boil, pour in 400 ml of red wine, 200 ml of apple juice. Stir, cool, then add 7-8 chopped garlic cloves. Strain the drink, drink 100 ml every evening.
2. Heat 200 ml of red wine, add 5-8 tbsp. l. lemon and cranberry juice. Stir, heat again, then let cool. Add 7-8 chopped garlic cloves. Let the product sit for 4 hours. Strain before use, drink 200 ml before bed.

Field grass

This plant is successfully used in traditional medicine as an antibacterial, antispasmodic, restorative, anti-inflammatory and regenerating agent. Preparations based on field grass are recommended as an auxiliary method of treating sexually transmitted infections. The plant helps prevent infertility and impaired sexual desire. The field harness must be used according to the following instructions:

1. Steam 1.5 tbsp. l. chopped herbs 200 ml boiling water.
2. Leave for 4 hours.
3. Filter, drink 1 tsp. up to 5 times throughout the day.

Hop

This is a perennial climbing plant from the hemp family, which is widely used in folk medicine. Hops-based products improve the functioning of the genitourinary system and eliminate inflammation in the body. Additionally, they help in the fight against harmful microorganisms. In cases of Treponema pallidum infection, hops should be used according to the following instructions:

1. Prepare 2 tbsp. l. crushed hop leaves.
2. Steam them with 500 ml of boiling water and leave for a couple of hours.
3. Strain before use.
4. Drink the entire infusion during the day, dividing into 4 doses.

Prevention

The main condition for preventing this disease is avoiding casual sexual contact. Even the use of condoms does not guarantee complete safety against sexually transmitted diseases. This method of contraception only slightly reduces the risk of infection with Treponema pallidum. Other preventive measures:

• avoid short-term intimate relationships, especially with people at risk (drug addicts, asocial persons);
• provide the patient with separate dishes;
• do not use personal hygiene products for an infected person;
• avoid sexual and close contact with a person at the contagious stage of the disease;
• after contact with a casual sexual partner, you need to thoroughly wash your genitals with soap for 2 hours and insert the antiseptic Chlorhexidine or Miramistin into the vagina or urethra (but this does not guarantee 100% safety).

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