Etiquette as a social phenomenon

The term “etiquette” (from the French etiquette) means the form, manner of behavior, rules of courtesy and politeness accepted in a particular society. Etiquette is a combination of formal rules of behavior in predetermined situations with common sense, the rationality of the content embedded in them.

The essence of etiquette:

Etiquette allows people to effortlessly use ready-made forms of politeness accepted in a given society by different groups of people and at different levels. Etiquette these days (modern etiquette) describes the behavior of people in everyday life, at work, in public places and on the street, at a party and at various kinds of official events - receptions, ceremonies, negotiations.

The role of etiquette in society has always been very great, which is confirmed by its long historical and social evolution, functions in society, multifaceted structure, diverse types and forms.

Unlike ritual, whose ritual ceremonies are demonstrative in nature, etiquette is based on practical social expediency. The most important feature of etiquette is that it is always subordinate to the established system of cultural values. Accepting etiquette norms means recognizing oneself as a member of a given social group or society as a whole and submitting to the cultural values ​​that have developed here.

The social significance of etiquette is manifested in the fact that it reflects the equality and inequality of individuals and groups (both external and internal), the social hierarchy that has developed in society, the democracy or conservatism of social relations. Etiquette allows people to navigate repeated sociocultural situations (greetings, making acquaintances, behavior in public places, etc.). Etiquette also reflects the general cultural level of people (education, good manners, conformity).

Despite the fact that etiquette norms are associated with a significant limitation on the egoism of an individual, they are taken for granted by the majority. This also reveals the uniqueness of etiquette, which can have a significant impact on people’s consciousness and their moral guidelines.

The most important social function of etiquette is the prevention of conflict situations in interpersonal communication, where it plays the role of a strong preventive tool. Here etiquette can relieve psychological tension. In conflict situations (family, interpersonal conflicts), etiquette norms perform the function of “synton” (“psychological stroking”). Tactfulness, as a sign of respect for the conflicting party, creates conditions for a civilized resolution of the conflict.

Etiquette norms help people find a common language and behave with dignity in difficult situations. Failure to use etiquette worsens relationships between people and leads to human drama.

Etiquette, being the greatest asset of human culture, not only regulates social relations, but also enriches people's lives, since it has a vivid “game effect”.

History of world etiquette. Much of the rules of etiquette come from the past, and even from the ancient world. Useless and insignificant rules were forgotten as historical development progressed; only the most rational of them, time-tested, were preserved for posterity.

England and France are usually called the "classic countries of etiquette." However, they cannot be called the birthplace of etiquette. Rough morals, ignorance, worship of brute force, etc. in the 15th century they dominated in both countries. There is no need to talk about Germany and other countries of Europe at that time; only Italy of that time is an exception.

The improvement of the morals of Italian society began already in the 14th century. Man was moving from feudal morals to the spirit of modern times, and this transition began in Italy earlier than in other countries. If we compare Italy in the 15th century with other European nations, we immediately notice a higher degree of education, wealth, and ability to decorate our lives. The French at that time did not recognize any merits other than military ones; they not only did not respect science, but even disdained them and considered all scientists the most insignificant of people.

While the rest of Europe was drowning in civil strife, and feudal orders were still in full force, Italy was a country of new culture. This country deserves rightly to be called the birthplace of etiquette.

In Russia at the beginning of the 18th century. Western etiquette began to be increasingly introduced. Clothes, manners and external forms of behavior were transferred to Russian soil. The observance of these rules by the boyars and the noble class (especially in capital cities) was constantly and persistently, sometimes cruelly, monitored by Tsar Peter I himself. Violations of these rules were severely punished. Subsequently, during the reign of Elizabeth and Catherine II, those rules of etiquette were selected that met the requirements and characteristics of the national culture of Russia. Russia, as a Eurasian country, in many ways combined the opposites of Europe and Asia. And there were many of these opposites not only in the 18th century, but there are many of them now. R. Kipling said that the West is the West, the East is the East, and they will never meet. So, in Europe the mourning color is black, and in China it is white. Even within the borders of the Russian Empire, the rules of behavior of different peoples differed significantly. Of course, social progress contributed to the interpenetration of rules of behavior and the enrichment of cultures. The world was getting smaller. The process of mutual enrichment of rules of conduct made it possible to develop mutually acceptable etiquette, recognized in its main features, and enshrined in customs and traditions. Etiquette began to prescribe standards of behavior at work, on the street, at a party, at business and diplomatic receptions, in the theater, on public transport, etc.

Objectives of etiquette: connecting the spheres of relationships between people in society. The main and only task of etiquette is to regulate relationships between people in the process of activity and communication.

The tasks of professional etiquette include identifying moral norms and assessments, judgments and concepts that characterize people in the role of representatives of a certain profession.

The norms of etiquette, in contrast to the norms of morality, are conditional; they have the nature of an unwritten agreement about what is generally accepted in people’s behavior and what is not. Every cultured person should not only know and observe the basic norms of etiquette, but also understand the need for certain rules and relationships. Manners largely reflect a person’s internal culture, his moral and intellectual qualities. The ability to behave correctly in society is very great importance: it facilitates the establishment of contacts, promotes mutual understanding, creates good, stable relationships.

It should be noted that a tactful and well-mannered person behaves in accordance with the norms of etiquette not only at official ceremonies, but also at home.

Legal and moral aspect of etiquette. The established moral norms are the result of a long-term process of establishing relationships between people.

Ethics describes real relationships between people, strives to create a certain ideal of these relationships, analyzes what exists, and outlines the outlines of what should be. Etiquette seems to connect a person’s inner world with its outer manifestation. Etiquette regulates what is permissible and acceptable in a given society or group of people and what is not.

It is associated with the concepts of politeness, culture, and intelligence. The basis of etiquette is respect for people. Even if a person does not love his neighbor, he must respect him; this is the key to the survival of everyone, so that there is no tragedy and death from overcrowding and hunger. In some ways, ethics and etiquette may coincide, for example, telling the truth must be done both from the point of view of etiquette and morality. But only etiquette requires polite treatment, and the truth is not always pleasant.

Both ethics and etiquette show a person how he should behave. Ethics and etiquette

walk next to each other. It is important to understand that in order to succeed, you must correctly navigate issues of ethics and good manners, and learn the specifics of correct behavior in certain situations. Then it will be possible to solve problems related to professional training. The moral qualities of a person: conscience, duty, honor, dignity, nobility are of a basic nature, while the moral requirements for communication - politeness, tact, accuracy, modesty, etc. belong to etiquette.

Etiquette is an integral part of the external culture of a person and society. It is believed that although etiquette ultimately expresses the content of certain principles of morality, in a traditional society it, as a rule, becomes a ritual, has a purely external form, often divorced from its moral content, and is strictly canonized in nature. It is expressed in a complex system of detailed rules of courtesy, clearly classifying the rules of behavior in accordance with the priorities accepted in a given society. However, it seems obvious to us that the etiquette ritual is associated with moral standards and educates both those who perform it and those who observe it, even if they are not bearers of this mentality. That is, etiquette not only has a moral basis, but there is also a feedback relationship - compliance with etiquette norms contributes to the education of morality.

Modern etiquette. In modern society, when many things depend on correct behavior and the ability to win over your interlocutor, the basics of etiquette are an integral part of the culture of society. Knowledge of the basic rules of behavior speaks not only of a person’s high intellectual level, but also of his respect for his partner and good upbringing. Moral, human attitude towards another, regardless of his social status, national and cultural criteria, is the main indicator and evidence of true upbringing.

Etiquette in its modern understanding is unthinkable without ethics. Ethics shows the moral side of an act, its content, while etiquette shows the aesthetic orientation, the form of its manifestation. A person’s ethical ideas can be expressed, in particular, in manners, speech, clothing, communication style, etc.

The basic rules of modern etiquette have evolved over quite a long time in the process of developing relationships between people both in public and in family life.

Etiquette is a word of French origin meaning manner of behavior.

Principles of modern etiquette:

Humane attitude towards others

Principles of appropriate action

Principles of beauty and aesthetic appeal

Compliance with folk customs and traditions

Etiquette requirements are not absolute; their observance depends on place, time and circumstances. Modern etiquette has become more democratic and less ceremonial.

History of etiquette. Types of etiquette. Ethics. ABOUTEtiquette again. Meetings, greetings, farewells. Business Cards. Rules of behavior in public places. Present. Etiquette for official receptions. Table etiquette. The image of a modern person. Modern speech etiquette: culture of oral speech. Etiquette of business conversations, business meetings, negotiations. Business correspondence. Etiquette of official relations.

GSE.V.02 Fundamentals of the Russian language/History of Russian literature 78 hours.

GSE.V.02 Fundamentals of the Russian language

The role of speech communication in the “contact zone”. The concept of language and speech style. Improving the main types of speech activity: reading, writing, listening and speaking. Speech technique. Speech communication tactics in the provision of socio-cultural services. Ways to achieve agreement in speech communication. Client's ego states and their use in communication. Ethics and psychology of speech behavior.

GSE.V.02 History of Russian literature

The origin and development of Russian literature. Oral and written cultural traditions. The concept of national literature. Specifics of Old Russian literature. Periodization of Old Russian literature. System of genres of ancient Russian literature. Oratorical prose (word genre). Pilgrimage literature. Literature XIII-XIV centuries. Literature of the late XIV - early XVI centuries.

Literature XVI-XVII centuries. Literature of the 18th century.
GSE.V.02 Fundamentals of in. language/Foreign language workshop 78 hours.

GSE.V.02 Fundamentals of in. language

Specifics of articulation of sounds, intonation, accentuation and rhythm of neutral speech in the target language; the main features of the complete pronunciation style, characteristic of the field of professional communication; reading the transcription.

Lexical minimum in the amount of 4000 educational lexical units of a general and terminological nature.

The concept of differentiation of vocabulary by areas of application (everyday, terminological, general scientific, official and other). The concept of free and stable phrases, phraseological units.

The concept of the main methods of word formation. Grammatical skills that provide general communication without distorting the meaning in written and oral communication; basic grammatical phenomena characteristic of professional speech.

The concept of everyday literary, official business, scientific styles, and the style of fiction. Main features of the scientific style.

Culture and traditions of the countries of the language being studied, rules of speech etiquette.

GSE.V.02 Workshop in a foreign language

The concept of the graphic and sound system of language. Specifics of articulation of sounds, intonation and rhythm of speech in the target language. The concept of differentiation of vocabulary by areas of application: everyday life, general scientific, terminological and others. The concept of free and stable phrases, phraseological units. Basic methods of word formation. Grammatical skills that ensure communication without distortion of meaning in written and oral communication of a general nature. Speaking. Dialogue and monologue speech using the most common and relatively simple lexical and grammatical means in basic communicative situations of informal and official communication. Fundamentals of public speech (oral communication, report). Listening. Understanding dialogic and monologue speech in the field of everyday and professional communication. Reading. Types of texts: simple pragmatic texts and texts on broad and narrow specialty profiles. Letter. Types of speech works: abstract, abstract, theses, messages, private letter, business letter, biography.

GSE.V.02 Conflictology/Leadership and team building42h.

GSE.V.02 Conflictology

Conflictology, its subject and tasks, the history of its formation as a science. Formation of a national school of conflictology.

The nature of social conflict. Sources and causes of its occurrence. Positive and destructive functions. Structural elements of conflict. Process and dynamics of conflict.

The problem of conflict typology. The human factor in conflict. The problem of emotions and psychological incompatibility. Types of conflicting personalities. Typical behavior in a conflict situation (K. Kilman test). Characteristics of the main styles: confrontation, avoidance, adaptation, compromise, cooperation.

The problem of communications in conflict situations. Communications as a source of conflict. Communication as a process with feedback. Mechanism of information distortion. Basic functions of communications. "Barriers" of communications.

Regulation and resolution of social crises and conflicts: definition of basic concepts - regulation, resolution, management, prevention, minimization of consequences. Stages and sequence of optimal conflict resolution. Institutionalization of conflicts. Legitimization of conflicts. Conditions of legitimacy and institutional procedure. Structuring conflicting groups. Analysis of the main forms of conflict regulation and resolution.

The problem of preventing and preventing conflicts.

Information confrontation in conflict. Principles of organizing your own information flow. “Public relations” as a means of crisis management, as a means of preventing conflict or minimizing its consequences.

GSE.V.02 Leadership and team building.

History and theory of leadership and team building. The difference between a leader and a manager. Leader and team. Leader as a person. A leader for yourself. Types of goals and skills to work with goals. Leadership team. Roles in the team. Management team as a form of self-organization of professionals (union of like-minded people). Team culture. Types of corporate cultures. Corporate culture as a “tool” for team building. Life cycle of an organization. An effective management team is a leadership ensemble (“constellation of leaders”). Psychological and acmeological foundations for the formation of leadership qualities and teams

EN General mathematics and natural sciences 1200

ENF.00 Federal Component 900

ENF.01 Mathematics 300 hours:

Introduction to Discrete Mathematics; elements of set theory; vector algebra; matrices; elements of functional analysis; probability and statistics; probability theory; statistical estimation and hypothesis testing; parametric and non-parametric methods; elements of analysis of variance; statistical methods for processing experimental data.

ENF.02 Computer science in psychology 100 hours.

Purpose and device of a personal computer; the concept of formalization, algorithmization, programming; office applications; work with text; data protection; computer networks; Internet; search for information; psychological resources Internet; electronic databases in psychology; computer statistical systems.

ENF.03 Concepts of modern natural science 60h.

Natural science and humanitarian cultures; scientific method; history of natural science; panorama of modern natural science; development trends; corpuscular and continuum concepts of describing nature; order and disorder in nature; chaos; structural levels of matter organization; micro-macro- and mega-worlds; space, time; principles of relativity; principles of symmetry; conservation laws; interaction; short-range, long-range; state; principles of superposition, uncertainty, complementarity; dynamic and statistical patterns in nature; laws of conservation of energy in macroscopic processes; principle of increasing entropy; chemical processes, reactivity of substances; features of the biological level of organization of matter; principles of evolution, reproduction and development of living systems; the diversity of living organisms is the basis for the organization and stability of the biosphere; genetics and evolution; human: physiology, health, emotions, creativity, performance; bioethics, man, biosphere and cosmic cycles: noosphere, irreversibility of time, self-organization in living and inanimate nature; principles of universal evolutionism; the path to a unified culture.

ENF.04 Anthropology 60h.

The problem of human origins; individual human development and constitution; population and ethnic anthropology; human ecology.

ENF.05 Anatomy of the central nervous system 120 hours.

Microstructure of nervous tissue; ontogenesis of the central nervous system; structure of the central nervous system; pathways of the central nervous system and cranial nerves; vegetative nervous system.

ENF.06 Physiology of the central nervous system 120 hours.

The contribution of neurobiology to the understanding of mental activity; physiological patterns of embryonic and postnatal brain development; fundamental processes – excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system; physiology and neurochemistry of neurons and glia; somatic and autonomic nervous systems; physiology of pain, role of tachyquinones and opiate receptors; physiology of the autonomic nervous system; organization of the bulbar respiratory center. Brain reaction to hypoxia and asphyxia, sudden respiratory arrest syndrome; integration of autonomic, neuroendocrine and central regulations in the implementation of behavior based on basic biological motivations; nervous structures, neuro-hormonal mechanisms in the regulation of drinking, eating, sexual behavior; sexual differentiation of the brain; thermoregulatory reflexes; functions of the limbic system of the brain.

ENF.07 Physiology of higher nervous activity and sensory systems 140 hours.

Basic concepts of the physiology of higher nervous activity, mechanisms of associative learning, memory and individual differences, needs, motivation and emotions; neural mechanisms of information processing in sensory systems

E.R.00 National-regional (university) component 180 hours.

ENR.01 ​​Anatomy, physiology, hygiene 36 hours .

Man as an integral biological system. Basic patterns of growth and development of the human body. Anatomical and physiological characteristics of the body of children and adolescents, psychophysiological functions at different stages of its development.

Physiological and mental performance in different periods of development of the child’s body. Psycho-physiological manifestations of sexuality in children and adolescents. Adaptation. The concept of the adequacy of physical and mental stress to the functional capabilities of the body of a child and adolescent. Biorhythms and biorhythmology. The concept of functional disorders in children and adolescents and their correction. Hygiene of children and adolescents.

ENR.01 ​​Computer technologies 72 hours.

ENR.02 Ecology 36 hours.

Fundamentals of general ecology. Ecology as the science of supraorganismal biosystems. Subject and tasks of ecology. Sections of ecology as a biological system. Fundamentals of the doctrine of the biosphere. Definition of the biosphere, its boundaries. Living matter, its quantity and functions. The fundamental difference between living matter and nonliving matter. Property of living matter. Geological role of living matter. Stability of the biosphere and its properties as an open self-regulating system. Evolution of the biosphere. Fundamentals of the study of ecosystems. Ecosystem concept. Ecosystem as the main structural link of the biosphere. Ecosystem elements. Environmental factors and classification. Adaptations in ecosystems at the population level. The concept of population, its ecological aspects.

ENR.02 Life safety 36 hours.

Dangerous and harmful environmental factors, their characteristics, patterns of occurrence and methods of protecting against their consequences. Emergencies of natural, man-made and social origin. Legal, regulatory, technical and organizational foundations for ensuring life safety. Protecting students and staff from the effects of wartime and peacetime emergencies.
EH.V.00 Disciplines and courses of the student’s choice, established by the university 120 hours.

E.V.00 Fundamentals of mathematics / Fundamentals of computer literacy 36 hours.

EH.V.00 Fundamentals of Mathematics

Analytical geometry and linear algebra; differential and integral calculus; rows; differential equations; probability theory. Axiomatic method, basic mathematical structures, probability and statistics, mathematical models, algorithms and programming languages, standard software for professional activities.

EH.V.00 Fundamentals of computer literacy

Hardware properties of modern computing technology. The Windows operating system is a computer management tool. Basics of working with the Windows operating system. Personal computer software. Working with the Microsoft Word word processor. Working with Microsoft Excel spreadsheet processor. Working with the Microsoft Access database management system. Computer networks. Internet, computer security.

E.V.00 Ethnopsychology / Legal psychology 54 hours.

EH.V.00 Ethnopsychology

Ethnopsychology and its place among other sciences. History of the formation of ethnopsychology. Main directions of ethnopsychological research. Ethnopsychological problems of personality research. Features of interpersonal communication and culture. Methods of ethnopsychological research.

EH.V.00 Legal psychology

Subject, system and content of legal psychology. Legal psychology in the system of scientific branches of knowledge. Mental processes, mental states and reactions, will, their psychological and legal assessment. Personality as an object of psychological cognition in law enforcement activities. Psychology of criminal behavior, personality of the criminal and psychology of the criminal group. Psychology of preliminary investigation. Forensic psychological examination in criminal and civil proceedings. Psychological features of advocacy. Psychological features of legal proceedings in criminal and civil cases.

E.V.00 Political psychology / Historical psychology30 hours.

EH.V.00 Political psychology

Political psychology as a science. Politics as a professional, scientific and practical activity. The formation of political and psychological ideas (from Antiquity to the 19th century). The role of the behavioral approach in political psychology (the development of behaviorism from J. G. Watson to B. F. Skinner). Classical psychoanalysis (S. Freud). Analytical psychology K.G. Cabin boy. Individual psychology of A. Adler. Humanistic psychology (K. Horney, E. Fromm, A. Maslow). Existential psychology. Psychology of masses. Psychology of mass political sentiments and spontaneous forms of behavior. Political psychology of personality. Political psychology of leadership. Political psychology of small groups. Political psychology of large social groups. Psychology of national-ethnic groups. Political psychology of power.

EH.V.00 Historical psychology

Historical psychology as a science. Cultural psychology of the USA. Critical psychology of Germany. The program of historical psychology in “Psychological functions and creations” I. Meyerson. Childhood and cultural and historical variations of character.

OPD General professional disciplines 3500

OPD F.00 Federal Component 2800

OPD.F.01 Introduction to the profession 60 hours.

Everyday, scientific and practical psychology; psychology as a profession; specifics of educational and professional training of psychologists; psychologists as a professional community; professional personality; professional ethics of a psychologist.

OPD.F.02 General psychology 540 hours.

General characteristics of psychology as a science; the main stages in the development of ideas about the subject of psychology; the concept of subject and object of science; the soul as a subject of study; transition to the study of consciousness; psychology as a science of behavior; modern ideas about the subject of psychology; cultural-historical paradigm in psychology; higher mental functions; activity approach in psychology; activity structure; mechanisms for regulating actions and operations; evolutionary introduction to psychology; the concept of reflection and psyche; classification of mental phenomena and processes; the emergence and development of the psyche in phylogenesis; the emergence and development of consciousness.

General idea of ​​perception; classification of sensations; phenomenology of perception; sensations and images; basic properties of perceptual images; theories of perception; learning in perception, the problem of innate and acquired in perception; perception and activity; psychophysics of sensations; perception of space and movement; constancy and objectivity of perception.

General idea of ​​memory; basic facts and patterns of memory psychology; types of memory and memory processes; memory abnormalities; memory and learning; principles of memory organization; memory research in cognitive psychology; memory and activity; memory development and training; memory as the highest mental function.

General idea of ​​attention; types and properties of attention; attention and consciousness; theories of attention; attention research in cognitive psychology; experimental studies of attention; attention and activity; development of attention.

The main directions of development of ideas about emotions; purpose and types of emotional processes; emotional states; experimental study of emotions; needs and motivation; the problem of motivation in the psychology of activity; theories of motivation in foreign psychology; motivation of certain types of activities; empirical studies of motivation.

Mental states. State definition. The role and place of states among other mental phenomena. State functions. Classification of conditions. Diagnosis of conditions. State management.

Subject and methods of research in the psychology of thinking; types of thinking; basic approaches to the study of thinking; theories of thinking; the study of thinking as a cognitive process; individual-personal determination of thinking; research of thinking from the perspective of the activity approach; imagination and creative thinking; thinking and intelligence, structure of intelligence; phylo-, socio- and ontogenesis of thinking; development of conceptual thinking; consciousness and thinking.

Speech and speech activity, language and speech, types of speech, mechanisms for generating and understanding speech; development of speech in ontogenesis; psychosemantics, verbal and nonverbal communication.

Will and volitional processes. The concept of will in psychology. Signs of volitional phenomena. Voluntary and strong-willed. Will as the highest level of regulation. Volitional processes and their study.

Consciousness. Consciousness and psyche. Signs and properties of consciousness. Unconscious phenomena in the psyche, their classification (subconscious, superconscious and unconscious), and dynamic connections with the conscious. Various approaches to the study of the unconscious. Defense mechanisms and factors of their awareness.

Consciousness as a mental process. Definition, functions, empirical characteristics of consciousness (spatial, temporal, informational, energetic). Structural analysis of consciousness. Statistical and dynamic model.

The concept of personality in the system of human knowledge. Personality in philosophy, sociology and psychology. The concept of personality in general, differential and social psychology. Individual, subject of activity, personality, individuality. Personality as a subject of psychological research. Mental processes, states and properties. Genotypic and phenotypic, biological and social in individual human development. Properties, structure and typology of personality. Nomothetic and ideographic description of personality.

OPD.F.03 Experimental psychology 180 hours.

Theoretical and empirical knowledge in psychology. Methodology of experimental psychological research. Classification of research methods in psychology. The theory of psychological experiment. Experimental design and control of variables. Quasi-experiment. Correlational studies. Measurement in psychology Systematization and specificity of experimental research in various areas of psychology (sensory, perceptual, mnemonic processes, attention). Analysis and presentation of the results of psychological research.

OPD.F.04 General psychological workshop 310 hours.

Research methods in psychology; procedures for obtaining and describing empirical data; standard ways of presenting and processing data and analyzing results; planning empirical research; types of observation in psychology: standardized, laboratory, field, included, not included; skills in maintaining, processing and interpreting protocols; skills in creating psychological and behavioral portraits of a person based on observation; types of conversation in psychology: standardized, partially standardized, free; conversation skills; preparing and conducting a partially standardized conversation; psychological measurements: methods of zero-dimensional (classical and modern procedures for measuring sensitivity thresholds), one-dimensional and multidimensional scaling; types of scales; experiment and its varieties in various psychological schools, presented as types of research in psychology.

OPD.F.05 History of psychology 180 hours.

Subject and tasks of the history of psychology; functions of the history of psychology in modern psychological science; development of psychological knowledge within the framework of the doctrine of the soul and the philosophical doctrine of consciousness; the development of natural science and the separation of psychology into an independent science; development of psychology before the period of open crisis; foreign psychology of the period of open crisis; behaviorism; psychoanalysis and neo-Freudianism; Gestalt psychology; French sociological school; descriptive psychology; development of domestic psychology; ideology and psychology; behavioral direction; cultural-historical theory; development of an activity approach; integrated and systematic approaches in domestic psychology; psychology of attitude; theory of systematic formation of mental actions; the current state of foreign psychology; intercultural studies; humanistic psychology; cognitive psychology.

OPD.F.06 Animal psychology and comparative psychology 90 hours.

General characteristics of the animal psyche; congenital and acquired in animal behavior; evolution of the psyche; development of the animal psyche in ontogenesis; evolution of the human psyche in phylogenesis; ethology as one of the areas of study of the psyche of animals.

OPD.F.07 Psychogenetics 60 hours.

Basic principles of modern differential psychology and genetics, necessary for a professional understanding of psychological data; methods of psychogenetics and their resolution; results of studies of hereditary and environmental determinants in the variability of psychological and psychophysiological traits in individual development and some forms of dysontogenesis; the place of psychogenetics in the system of psychological knowledge.

OPD.F.08 Personality psychology 60 hours.

Man in the mirror of nature, history and individual life; driving forces and conditions for personality development; periodization of the development of the individual, personality and individuality; individual properties of a person and their role in personality development; personality in sociogenesis; socio-historical way of life is a source of personality development; personogenesis of personality: individuality of a person and his life path; personality structure and various methodological approaches to its study in psychology; problem of will; volitional regulation of activity and its semantic nature; psychological defense and coping – mechanisms for mastering behavior; personal choice; freedom and responsibility; personality theories.

OPD.F.09 Psychodiagnostics 240 hours

Psychodiagnostics: principles, scope of application, classification of methods, differential psychometrics, validity, reliability, representativeness, reliability, test standards, methods for diagnosing intelligence, personality, mental functions and mental states; standardized and non-standardized personal techniques; projective, drawing techniques; psychosemantic methods; conducting and interpreting 8-10 universal methods for studying personality and intelligence: for example, the Minnesota Questionnaire (MMPI); Cattell questionnaire (16 PF), Methodology for studying self-attitude (MIS), level of subjective control (USC), drawing techniques (RLJ, drawing of a person), projective techniques (TAT, Rorschach test), intelligence tests (Wechsler test); principles of constructing a comprehensive psychological portrait of a person; psychodiagnostic tasks and completing psychodiagnostic batteries. Ethics, deontology and legal foundations of psychodiagnostics; methods for making psychological diagnoses.

OPD.F.10 Methodological foundations of psychology 60 hours.

OPD.F.11 Mathematical methods in psychology 120 hours.

Measurement in Psychology; types of scales; data presentation; descriptive statistics; communication measures; metrics; methods of one-dimensional and multivariate applied statistics; multidimensional scaling; multidimensional data analysis (factorial, cluster); analysis of variance; computer data analysis, statistical packages; approximate calculations; capabilities and limitations of specific computer data processing methods; data processing standards; standards for presenting the results of data analysis in scientific psychology; methods of mathematical modeling; models of individual and group behavior, modeling of cognitive processes and structures, the problem of artificial intelligence.

OPD.F.12 Developmental and age psychology 180 hours.

Subject, tasks and methods of developmental psychology; the problem of determinants of a child’s mental development; the problem of the relationship between training and development; the problem of age and age-related periodization of mental development; development crises; infancy, early age, preschool age, primary school age; psychological characteristics of adolescence and youth; psychology of adulthood; aging and old age; personality development in conditions of deprivation and special conditions.

OPD.F.13 Educational psychology 120 hours.

Basic principles and patterns of the relationship between the processes of learning and development of the human psyche; theories of learning and their comparative role in the organization of modern education; structure, functioning and conditions for the development of learning activities and interactions between participants in the educational process at different stages of ontogenesis; characteristics and comparative features of the development of cognitive processes and the process of personality development in situations of training and education; psychological analysis of the developmental functions of traditional and innovative strategies for organizing education; design and constructive activity of the teacher in organizing teaching and educational situations.

OPD.F.14 Social psychology 120 hours.

History of the formation of socio-psychological ideas: socio-psychological ideas within the framework of philosophical and sociological teachings, social and theoretical prerequisites for the separation of social psychology into an independent discipline. The first social psychological theories; patterns of communication and interaction between people: the relationship between the categories of communication and activity; communication as communication, communication as interaction and communication as social perception; group psychology; psychological characteristics of large social communities; structural and dynamic characteristics of a small group; personality problems in social psychology: socialization, social attitude, problems of the individual and group; practical applications of social psychology.

OPD.F.15 Psychology of work 120 hours.

Labor psychology as a field of knowledge, a branch of science, an academic discipline and a profession; ergatic system, ergatic functions, job position in the organization and its components; subject of labor and its structure; methods of labor psychology; psychological professional studies; work motivation and job satisfaction; development of man as a subject of labor; individual style of work; psychology of professional self-determination; professionally important personality qualities, general and special abilities; psychological foundations of professional selection, placement and certification of personnel; psychology of professional performance; psychological aspects of social and labor rehabilitation of sick and disabled people; professional conflicts; psychology of safety at work; history and development trends of applied psychology in the field of professional work.

OPD.F.16 Clinical psychology 120 hours.

Subject and structure of clinical psychology; definitions of clinical psychology; history of the origin and development of the specialty; object of clinical psychology; clinical psychology focus; “Health psychology”, the double meaning of this concept; field of application of clinical psychology; practical tasks and functions of clinical psychologists; theoretical foundations and research problems of clinical psychology; basic categories of theoretical apparatus; characteristics of the main sections of clinical psychology (specializations) and prospects for their development; pathopsychology, its subject, scientific foundations, current problems; neuropsychology: definition, problems, methodological foundations; problem of cerebral localization of mental functions; restoration of impaired higher mental functions; psychosomatic problem; psychological research in the clinic of somatic diseases; psychological aspects of the problem of physicality and intraception; psychological problems of abnormal ontogenesis; types of mental development disorders; the relationship between biological and social developmental anomalies in nature; psychological counseling, correction and psychotherapy; typology of disorders of mental processes, properties and conditions in different types of human pathology; disturbances of perception, voluntary movements and actions, speech, memory; pathology of thinking, emotional-volitional sphere, consciousness and self-awareness; the role of clinical psychology in solving general problems of psychology; soul and body; brain and psyche; psychological diagnostics and impact; personality and its changes and anomalies; psychopathology.b

OPD.F.17 Special psychology 60 hours.

The concept of mental dysontogenesis; parameters of dysontogenesis; types of mental development disorders: underdevelopment, developmental delays, damaged development, distorted development; development in the face of complex developmental disabilities; the concept of primary and secondary developmental defects according to L.S. Vygotsky; methodological, theoretical and applied aspects of the prevention and correction of deviations from the norm of mental development in children with congenital or acquired defects in the sensory, intellectual, and emotional spheres; general psychological, psychophysiological, clinical and psychological principles of age-related developmental dynamics of children with mental and behavioral disorders; theoretical analysis of directions and methods of corrective and restorative education; applied aspects of stimulation of compensatory mechanisms of behavior, psychological and pedagogical principles of design and organization of situations of joint activity in the teacher-child-parent system; methods of organizing a system of comprehensive psychological and pedagogical services; psychological support for the effective integration of persons with developmental disabilities into the general cultural and educational space.

OPD.F.18 Psychophysiology 60 hours.

Principles of information processing in the central nervous system; psychophysiology of sensory processes, movements, memory, learning, functional states; psychophysiology of orientation-research activity and decision-making; psychophysiology of higher mental functions; cognitive psychophysiology; applied psychophysiology; methods of psychophysiological research; systemic psychophysiology, psychophysiology of individual differences (differential psychophysiology).

OPD.F.19 Methods of teaching psychology 120 hours.

The specifics of the content, goals and methods of teaching psychology as a humanitarian discipline, the role and place of psychology as an academic subject in the training and education of schoolchildren, students, and teachers; taxonomy of educational tasks in psychology as a means of developing various forms of cognitive activity and consciousness; methods and forms of organizing productive interactions and holistic teaching and educational situations in secondary and higher schools; culture of self-organization of activities of a psychology teacher.

OPD.R.00 National-regional (university) component 550 hours.

OPD.R.01 Professional ethics 36 hours.

The concept of ethics as a science and a phenomenon of spiritual culture. Normative patterns of personality. The concept of professional ethics. Ethics of business. Managerial ethics. Ethics of partnerships in the field of socio-cultural services and tourism. Ethics of a specialist in socio-cultural services and tourism.

Etiquette as a social phenomenon. History of world etiquette. Objectives of etiquette: connecting the spheres of relationships between people in society. Legal and moral aspect. Requirements of modern etiquette. Business person etiquette. Business dress culture. Behavior in public places.

OPD.R.02 Career building 36 hours.

Determination of psychological and psychophysiological characteristics that contribute to career building; identifying leading motives and needs for building a career;
determination of the most favorable areas of activity. formation and updating of basic skills and abilities directly related to personal effectiveness in building a career: the ability to make decisions; effective communications; time management; self-management; basics of public speaking and self-presentation; updating leadership potential; the ability to think positively; psycho-emotional relief.

OPD.R.03 Methodology of research activities 72 hours.

General understanding of the methodology of science. Psychology methodology, theory, method and methodology. Specificity of psychological knowledge; scientific and non-scientific psychological knowledge. Basic methodological principles of psychology. Main categories of psychology: activity, reflection, personality; consciousness and communication. The structure of psychological teachings. Scientific research. Methodological problems in psychology, psychophysical and psychophysiological problems.

OPD.R.04Design and project management 36 hours.

Project management: models and methods of decision making. Project management object. Theoretical foundations of project management. Project management systems. Project management programs. Design and methods. Precedence connections (logical dependencies) Network diagram (network, network graph, PERT diagram) Network planning methods. Critical path method. Time reserve. Gantt chart. Work Breakdown Structure. Structural Chart of the Organization. Resource assignment and leveling. Resource histogram. Resource scheduling. Project feasibility analysis. Original plan.

OPD.R.05 Labor law 36 hours.

Subject, method and system of labor law. Basic principles and sources of labor law. Subjects of labor law. System of legal relations in labor law. Social partnership in the sphere of labor. Legal regulation of employment and employment. The concept of an employment contract. Types of employment contracts. Conclusion and termination of an employment contract. Working time and rest time. Labor of minors. Youth work. Methods of legal regulation of wages. Tariff system of payment for workers and employees. Labor discipline. Occupational Safety and Health. Material liability of the parties to the employment contract. Protection of labor rights of workers. Individual and collective labor disputes and the procedure for their resolution. International legal regulation of labor.

OPD.R.06 Business communications 36 hours.

Business relations as a subject of psychological research. Difficulties and conflicts in business communication and the possibilities of overcoming them. Communication in the professional activity of a psychologist.

OPD.R.07 English for specific purposes: psychology 36 hours.

Speaking. Dialogue and monologue speech using the most common and relatively simple lexical and grammatical means in basic communicative situations of informal and official communication. Fundamentals of public speech (oral communication, report).

Listening. Understanding dialogic and monologue speech in the field of everyday and professional communication.

Reading. Types of texts: simple pragmatic texts and texts on broad and narrow specialty profiles.

Letter. Types of speech works: abstract, abstract, theses, messages, private letter, business letter, biography.

Strategies and planning of the marketing mix (economics) Product policy. Price policy. Distribution and product distribution channels. Demand and sales promotion. Communication policy in marketing. Advertising in the marketing communications system. Organizational structures of marketing. Planning of marketing activities. Monitoring marketing activities and assessing their effectiveness. Marketing in advertising.

OPD.R.09 Psychology of communication 144 hours.

Theoretical foundations of the psychological understanding of communication. Psychological features of communication. Psychological structure, types, functions and stages of communication. Man as a subject of communication. Difficulties and barriers in communication. Conflict as a form of difficult communication. Effective communication. Technologies for effective communication. Specific types and forms of communication in the professional activities of a psychologist.

OPD.R.10Counseling psychology 82 hours.

Subject and tasks of counseling psychology: types of psychological assistance; specifics of psychological counseling; mechanisms of psychological changes in the counseling process.

Ethical and substantive principles of counseling: principle of confidentiality; client activity principle; the principle of respecting the boundaries of relationships with the client; the principle of compliance with the consultant’s competence, the principle of respect for the norms and values ​​of the client.

Model of an effective consultant: requirements for the consultant’s personality; the process of professional development of a psychologist-consultant; the place of the profession of “psychologist” among helping professions.

Basics of interaction between consultant and client during consultation: basic skills of contact with the client; types of advisory hearing; verbal and non-verbal levels of interaction during consultations.

Counseling process: stages of counseling; typology of counseling interventions: clarification, confrontation, interpretation.

Theoretical approaches to counseling: group and individual psychological counseling; psychodynamic, behavioral-cognitive, humanistic, existential and other approaches. Specifics of training consultants within different approaches.

Typical advisory requests and work with them: crisis counseling, family and marriage problems, child-parent relationships; intrapersonal problems, psychosomatic counseling.

OPD.V.00 Disciplines and courses of the student’s choice, established by the university (faculty) 150 hours.

OPD.V.01 Psychology of Management / Psychology of Social Work

OPD.V.01 Psychology of management

OPD.V.01 Psychology of social work

Basic psychological theories and their influence on psychosocial practice. Modern schools and areas of psychosocial work. The main stages of development of psychosocial practice. Development of the diagnostic approach. Individual counseling in psychosocial practice and its methods.

OPD.V.02 Differential psychology / Health psychology

OPD.V.02 Differential psychology

Subject, history of differential psychology. Methods of differential psychology. Sources of individual differences. Concept individual characteristics. Theories of individual-psychological differences.

OPD.V.02 Health Psychology

Health as a social value. Social medicine. Social and hygienic problems of health disorders. Health and lifestyle. The main directions of organizing medical care for the population. Organization of medical and social patronage. Physiology and pathology of reproduction. Organization of valeology services.

SD Special disciplines are established by the university (faculty), including disciplines of the student’s choice. 1200 hours

SD.01 Concepts and methods of psychological assistance in individual counseling 180 hours.

Problems and principles of studying concepts and methods of psychological assistance. Individual psychology of A. Adler. Characteristic analysis by K. Horney. Analytical psychology K.G. Cabin boy. The essence of a humanistic approach to counseling. Using the ideas of A. Maslow in counseling. K. Rogers' client-centered approach. The existential approach of I. Yalom and R. May. Logotherapy by V. Frankl. Concepts and methods of Gestalt therapy. Behavioral counseling. Psychosynthesis by R. Assagioli. Symboldrama. Concepts and working methods of M. Erickson. Neuro-linguistic programming.

SD.02 Workshop on psychological counseling 108 hours.

Psychological consultation. Theoretical and organizational foundations of psychological counseling. Main features of person-oriented psychological counseling. Thematic psychological thesaurus. Ethical rules of a psychologist-consultant. Empathy. Sincerity. Unconditional positive regard. Specificity. Self-awareness. Ethical aspects of showing empathy. Situational tasks. Psychological information. Different types of information in counseling. Isolation of psychological information. Hearing. Situational tasks. Practical work with records of psychological consultations.

Psychological information. Semantic units of text. Topics present in the client's speech. Highlighting the main topic. Practical work with records of psychological consultations. Situational tasks. Technology of conducting a consultative conversation. Features of the relationship between the client and the psychologist-consultant. Various aspects of information provision. Confrontation. Situational tasks. Using learned techniques when working with a hypothetical client. Confrontation. Facilitation. Facilitation styles. Limitations of the use of facilitation. Situational tasks. Typology and clarification of problems. Hypothesis development. Implementation of the action plan. Assessing the effectiveness of problem solving. Self-assessment. Assessment with the help of others (colleagues). Working with feelings. Verbal and non-verbal manifestations of feelings. Focusing technique. Exaggeration. Early memories. Situational tasks. Practical psychological counseling. Supervision.

SD.03 Fundamentals of group counseling and psychotherapy 136 hours.

History of the development of group psychotherapy. Factors in group psychotherapy. Group and its characteristics. Group dynamics. Types of psychotherapeutic and psychocorrectional groups. Psychotherapeutic groups from the point of view of ways to realize their goals (according to M.F. Ettin). Psychotherapeutic groups based on various personality theories. Leadership of a psychotherapeutic group. Basic methods of group psychotherapy.

SD.04 Workshop on group psychotherapy and psychocorrection 54 hours.

Introduction to psychological correction and psychotherapy. Fundamentals of psychological correction. Basics of psychotherapy. Dynamic direction in psychotherapy. Cognitive-behavioral direction. Existential-humanistic direction. Other directions in psychotherapy. Family psychotherapy. Group form of work in psychotherapy. Introduction to psychological correction and psychotherapy. Fundamentals of psychological correction. Basics of psychotherapy. Dynamic direction in psychotherapy. Cognitive-behavioral direction. Existential-humanistic direction. Other directions in psychotherapy. Family psychotherapy. Group form of work in psychotherapy.

SD.05 Fundamentals of psychological assistance to youth90 hours.

Features of mental development at different age stages.

Psychology of education. Personality as a subject of teaching and education. Psychological features of professional self-determination. General and distinctive features of the psychological make-up of boys and girls. Social relations and interpersonal relationships. Socio-psychological characteristics of large social groups. Psychology of mass social processes and movements. Social and psychological characteristics of small groups. Social-psychological analysis of intergroup relations. Groups in a control system and group dynamics. Psychological foundations of management activities in extreme situations.
SD.06 Theory and practice of organizational consulting 126 hours.

Theory and practice of organizational consulting" as an applied branch of scientific knowledge. History of the formation and development of organizational consulting. Organizational consulting as a type of professional activity. The concept of organization and the main characteristics of organizations. Organization as an object of consultation. Organizational consulting process. Diagnostics and research of the organizational field of problems. Technologies of organizational consulting. Methods and techniques of counseling. Consulting the organization's personnel. Management consulting. Consulting.

SD.07 Basics of family counseling 144 hours.

The main sources of psychological assistance for family-related problems. Structural model of psychological family counseling. Psychodynamic model of family counseling. Sociometric techniques for working with families. Communication model of family counseling. An experiential model of family counseling. Strategic model for working with families. Arrangement method by

SD.08 Psychological service72h.

Psychological services of the education system. A brief historical overview of the development of ShPS abroad. Psychological service in the education system in Russia. Current state and models of PSO. Goals, objectives, main areas of activity. Psychological service of social and psychological centers: career guidance, family counseling, crisis situations, creative development, etc. Psychological services of organizations and institutions. Business consulting. Organizational consulting. Psychological service in correctional institutions. Goals of work. Tasks of psychodiagnostics and correctional work with prisoners. Psychological service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. Main activities. Psychological services in the system of the Russian Armed Forces and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Psychological service in sports. Possibilities of self-realization of a psychologist-consultant.

SD.09 Consultative work with children 90 hours.

Introduction to the basics of psychological counseling for children of various age groups. General issues of psychological counseling of children. Features of psychological counseling for children of different ages. Professional - personal requirements and ethical standards in the work of a psychologist involved in counseling children of different ages. Features of the procedure for psychological counseling of children of various age groups. The structure of psychological consultation taking into account the age characteristics of children. Review of diagnostic methods used in psychological counseling of children. Procedures and techniques of influence used in counseling situations with children, adolescents, adults and the elderly.

Features of psychological counseling of preschool children. Features of psychological counseling for children of primary school age. Psychological counseling of adolescents and youth.

SD.10 Theory and practice of emergency psychological assistance 100 hours.

Methods aimed at reducing the level of anxiety and emotional arousal (relaxation techniques and reduction of general tension, somatic therapy techniques for trauma. cognitive-imaginative approach. body-oriented approach) Art therapy approach when working with crisis conditions. Methods that promote the expression of feelings (debriefing, defusing, verbalization) Methods of working with “fixation” on events (rapid eye movement therapy, “scrolling”, “reduction of traumatic impressions”, visual-kinesthetic dissociation technique) Methods of activating psychological resources (searching for resources in family history, psychodramatic resource techniques, dialogic storytelling) Methods of integrating trauma into personal history (general approach to integrating trauma, integration techniques in a time perspective, searching for the “meaning of trauma” in logotherapy, reframing techniques) Method of neurolinguistic programming in providing emergency psychological assistance. Methods of providing emergency psychological assistance to children

SD.11 Career guidance counseling 64 hours.

Career guidance counseling, concept and principles of work of a career consultant. Scheme of career guidance consultation. Diagnostics in career guidance counseling. Career guidance psychological counseling in the employment service. Scheme of career counseling in situations of loss or job search.

Career guidance psychological counseling in the school system. Methods of career counseling at school. Scheme of professional consultation.

SD.12 Training of professional skills of a consultant 36 hours.

The emergence, development and specifics of psychological counseling. Goals and objectives of psychological counseling. Approaches to psychological counseling in domestic psychology. Types of clients and features of the psychologist-client relationship. Spatial and temporal aspects of counseling conversation. Technology of conducting a consultative conversation. Stages of conducting a consultative conversation. The specifics of psychological counseling depending on the nature of the client’s request. Research into psychological counseling and psychotherapy. Application of the category “understanding” in psychological counseling and psychotherapy for psychosis using the method of the concept of S.L. Rubinstein. Psychological counseling and psychotherapy from the point of view of the psychology of the collective subject. Application of the categories “adaptation” and “self-determination” in psychological counseling and psychotherapy. Application of the category “understanding” in psychological counseling and psychotherapy. Study of psychological counseling and psychotherapy using the methods of the cultural-activity paradigm in psychology (L.S. Vygotsky, A.R. Luria, A.N. Leontiev). General scientific concepts as methods of analysis of psychological counseling and psychotherapy. The problem of structuring the process of psychological counseling and psychotherapy. The concept of psychological diagnosis by A.F. Anufriev as a method for developing applied programs for psychological counseling and psychotherapy.
FTD.00 Electives 450

FTD.00 Psychological training212 hours.

Historical and methodological prerequisites for training work. General methodological principles of training. Definitions and types of training. Ethical aspects of training. Stages of training. Group dynamics. Preparation of training materials. Trainer training. Methods for developing motivational and physical readiness. Didactic methods. Behavioral methods of formation and development of skills. Analysis of training during psychological and pedagogical practice.

FTD.00 Training in solving diagnostic problems 36 hours.

Work of a diagnostic psychologist with the structural components of psychodiagnostics. Development of skills in working with the stages of the psychodiagnostic process. Methodology for correcting diagnostic errors. Technology for solving psychodiagnostic problems compiled on the material of adolescence by a practical psychologist. Theoretical solution of model problems.

FTD.00 Psychology of stress 32 hours.

Stress as a biological and psychological category. The problem of stress in biology and medicine Features of psychological stress. Stress level assessment. Forms of manifestation of stress. Methods for assessing stress levels. Dynamics of stress. General patterns of stress development. Factors influencing the development of stress. Consequences of stress. Causes of stress. Subjective and objective causes of psychological stress. Professional stress. General patterns of professional stress and their specificity. Methods for optimizing stress levels. General healing methods for relieving stress. Methods of self-regulation of psychological state. Neutralizing stress with psychotherapy. Inappropriate behavior as a cause of stress. Addressing the Causes of Stress by Improving Behavioral Skills

FTD.00 Time management36h.

New goal setting techniques. Personal management accounting system. Strategic self-determination. Strategic planning: simple tools for solving complex problems. Personal reengineering. Corporate time management. Technical support for a personal time tracking system.

FTD.00 Methods of working with information 18 hours.

Methods of working with information. Principles of working with information. Methodology for working with information. Forms of working with information. Types of working with information. Methodology for working with information. Techniques for working with information. Tools for working with information.

FTD.00 Diagnosis of children's giftedness and its development 36 hours.

History of studying the problem of giftedness. Modern approaches to the problem of abilities. Basic concepts. Age-related characteristics of the manifestation of different types of giftedness and diagnostic problems. Intellectual giftedness. The crisis of the testological approach. Academic talent. Mathematical abilities and their diagnostics. Research into creative talent (creativity). Approaches to diagnosing artistic talent. Personal characteristics of gifted children. Problems of adaptation of gifted children. Work of a practical psychologist with gifted children.

FTD.00 Fundamentals of Management16 hours.

Essence, content, basic principles of management. The nature and composition of management functions. General (basic) and specific (specific) functions of management. Development of the company's mission, goals and management strategy. Intra-company planning. Strategic and operational planning. Organizational structures of company management, organizational relations in the management system; forms of organizational structure of a company, legal regulation of the formation and activities of a company; regulation and control in the management system; assessment of management effectiveness; information support for management. Management of innovation and technology policy of the company. Manufacturing control. Company financial management. Logistics. Logistics management. Sales management. Personnel Management. Motivation for activity. Corporate organization and corporate culture. Management infrastructure; sociofactors and ethics of management; integration processes in management; modeling of situations and decision-making process; group dynamics and leadership; leadership: power and partnership; management style and image (image) of the manager; Conflict Management. State and international regulation of business activities. Experience in management of foreign companies. Management in advertising.

FTD.00 Applied psychodiagnostics 32 hours.

Applied psychodiagnostics: principles, scope of application, classification of methods, differential psychometrics, recruitment and selection of personnel, monitoring of the socio-psychological climate, norms, methods for diagnosing intelligence, professionally important qualities and mental states of the individual; personnel adaptation, personnel certification; standardized and non-standardized personal techniques; projective, drawing techniques; psychosemantic methods; conducting and interpreting 8-10 universal methods for studying personality and intelligence: for example, Sociometry; Herzberg test, Martin and Ritchie motivational profile, Cattell questionnaire (16 PF), Self-attitude research technique (MIS), level of subjective control (LSC), drawing techniques (RLN, drawing of a person), projective techniques (TAT, Rorschach test), intelligence tests (Wechsler test); principles of constructing test batteries, assessing the innovation climate in an organization.

Speech technique and oratory. Voice and breathing control. Development of voice data (strength and clarity of sound); Development of consistency and logic of speech; Behavior in front of an audience. Features of speech, posture and gestures; Acting skills. Managing audience attention. Ways to attract listeners; Concentration of one's own attention; Removing emotional pressures and complexes; Features of the work of teachers.

Practice- 15 weeks

1. Training and orientation - 15 weeks

2. Pedagogical - 5 weeks

3. Diagnostic - 5 weeks

4. Research - 2 weeks
Final state certification - 6 weeks. Disciplines taken for state exams: general psychology with methods of teaching psychology, psychological counseling. It is envisaged to write a thesis on one of the disciplines submitted to the state exam (at the student’s choice)

Applications:

1. 
   State educational standard of higher professional education in the relevant specialty/area of ​​training;
2. 
   Sample curriculum;
3. 
   Explanatory note to the curriculum;
4. 
   Educational and practical training programs;
5. 
   Work programs of disciplines;
6. 
   Interim and final certification programs.

6. Characteristics of the environment that ensures the development of general cultural competencies of the graduate.

7. Regulatory and methodological support for educational technologies and a system for assessing the quality of mastering educational programs.

Requirements and recommendations for the organization and educational and methodological support of ongoing monitoring of academic performance, intermediate certification and final state certification and the development of appropriate funds of assessment tools.

An integral part of human culture and society is etiquette communication. Etiquette (from the French “tag, label”) – established by order

doc, a set of rules of behavior relating to the external manifestation of attitudes towards people (dealing with others, forms of dealing

And greetings, behavior in public places, manners and clothing). The term “etiquette” in the modern sense of the word was first used at one of the receptions the “sun” king Louis XIV, when the courtiers and guests were presented with cards (labels) with a list of rules of behavior at court. The concept of etiquette entered the Russian language in the 18th century as a set of rules adopted at the court of monarchs.

The practical significance of etiquette is that it allows people to effortlessly use ready-made forms of generally accepted politeness to communicate with different groups of people.

And at various levels.Culture of behavior acts as a quality that is socially necessary and valuable due to its moral basis. In the broadest sense of the word, this concept includes a set of developed and experience-tested ways of organizing everyday life and communication between people and is an integral part of universal human culture.

IN In the activities of a modern public relations specialist, etiquette plays an extremely important role, contributing to the development of constructive, friendly relationships with clients and colleagues

And partners. Compliance with etiquette contributes to the creation of a creative atmosphere in the work team. Not only the trust in him and the efficiency of his work, but also the

And public opinion about PR services and their work in general.

The basis of etiquette is the system-forming principles of a culture of behavior, which reflect the moral requirements for a culture of relations. Among them are 4 basic principles: humanism, expediency of actions, aesthetic appeal of behavior and consideration of folk customs and traditions.

The principle of humanism includes politeness, tact (delicacy), modesty, sensitivity, attentiveness, accuracy.

Modern etiquette differs from the etiquette of the Middle Ages and its expediency. Its basic rules contain, in one form or another, the requirement not to cause trouble with your actions to others and to yourself.

Aesthetic appeal behavior (beauty of behavior)

obvious in situations of etiquette communication. Compare the ritual of eating at a set table and eating it straight from the pan among the unwashed dishes in the kitchen.

The principle of taking into account folk customs and traditions it is very important to observe

give in any activity so as not to accidentally get into an awkward position. Specialists should study the traditions and customs of the people with whose representatives they work.

“All virtues have their source in etiquette,” said Confucius. The rules of etiquette apply to all aspects of business communication. This also applies to the speech of partners, their appearance, manners, gestures..., even smells.

In all communication situations it is necessary to observe speech etiquette. In business communication, it provides for a loyal, respectful attitude towards the interlocutor, the use of general cultural norms of communication, judgment, and forms of expression.

Speech etiquette involves following the cultural norms of the language (not only grammatical and stylistic literacy, but also the absence of vulgar words, obscene expressions), the application of the rules of greeting, introduction, farewell, respectful attitude towards the interlocutor, the use of “polite” words, the correct form for expressing disagreement and etc.

In speech etiquette there is a certain technology for conducting conversations, conversations, negotiations. It is associated with business manners of meeting, addressing, greeting, and saying goodbye. Cultural norms of speech etiquette regulate the expression of gratitude, wishes, apologies, requests, invitations, and advice. In addition to discussing specific practical issues, the content of a business conversation presupposes the ability to correctly express consolation, condolences, as well as formulate a compliment, approval, or disagreement.

Phone conversation. Talking on the phone is an integral part of professional PR activities, so it is important to know the basic rules of communicating on the phone. Rules of business ethics

They require communication only by work phone. However, there may be situations where an employee calls a client or another employee at home. In this case, the rules of modern etiquette recommend not calling early in the morning (before 10 o'clock) or late in the evening (after 22 o'clock), unless this has been agreed upon with your subscriber in advance. Telephone communication begins with waiting for the subscriber to answer the call. You must wait 5–7 rings for the call to be answered.

The conversation should always begin with a greeting and introduction, and the employee not only states his last name, first name (first name, patronymic), but also the organization he represents.

Etiquette recommends observing a certain time frame for a telephone conversation - no more than 5 minutes (based on the fact that more extensive information requires a face-to-face meeting). Over the phone, the place and time of the meeting, any changes are usually discussed (clarified), and brief answers to questions asked in advance can be given (received). When determining the duration of a conversation, it is necessary to be guided by the situation - it is awkward to crumple up the conversation if the client did not understand something, did not hear something, asked to repeat it or explain it. Compliance with the usual forms of speech etiquette is also mandatory during telephone conversations.

The person who called is the first to end a telephone conversation. If the connection is interrupted, the person who called also calls back.

If a client calls you and you are busy with urgent work at the time, you need to apologize and ask to wait on the line.

Appearance of a business man. Modern manuals on cultural

· A casual suit, carefully ironed, complemented by a fresh shirt (long sleeves only) and a beautiful tie, the length of which reaches the middle of the belt buckle.

· It is recommended to wear a white shirt for official and festive events. Tie – any soft color. Bow ties are accepted only on formal occasions. A plain black tie (if it is not a uniform one) is worn only in cases of mourning.

· In a formal setting, the jacket should be buttoned

below the bottom button). It can only be unfastened at the table or

V auditorium.

· A thin wedding ring is acceptable for jewelry. Massive rings and chains reduce the status of a business person.

· A comb, pencil, pen, handkerchief are placed in the inner

jacket pockets. On the outside - only a handkerchief from the set with a tie. By the way, it is better to have two handkerchiefs: one in your trouser pocket (for intended use), the second, immaculately clean

first, in the inner pocket of the jacket (for unforeseen situations: wipe the lenses of glasses, remove a speck from an eye, offer it to a lady, etc.).

· Thick-soled boots, sports shoes and sandals are not suitable for a business suit.

· Patent leather shoes are worn only with a tuxedo or tailcoat.

· The color of the socks should in any case be darker than the suit, representing a transition from the color of the suit to the color of the shoes.

· The choice of a single or double breasted jacket depends on your height. For a short person, a single-breasted jacket is more suitable; it makes him visually taller. A double-breasted jacket makes a tall person's figure more proportional.

· Wearing smoky glasses lowers the image of a business person,

V while ordinary glasses with good frames increase the value.

Appearance of a business woman. A business woman should also

Please remember some rules.

· The most conducive to the success of a business woman is a business suit: a skirt with a jacket, jacket, blouse. Today, the trouser suit is becoming increasingly popular.

· Dresses are acceptable only in hot weather, and in plain colors

And with covered shoulders.

· Don't wear sexy clothes to work(miniskirts, see-through blouses, deep necklines, open shoulders, tight sweaters, fishnet stockings, etc.).

· It is necessary to avoid extravagance in clothing, avoid wearing loose, sporty, evening style clothes (jeans, shorts...).

· The image of a business woman dictates that she avoid jewelry that is too shiny and bright, ringing and of low quality. Moderation

And Taste is necessary in the selection of jewelry, costume jewelry and accessories.

· In any weather, a woman at work should wear tights or stockings.

· Makeup and manicure are mandatory, but discreet

· Hair must be clean and neatly trimmed. Long hair should be tied up.

An integral part of human culture is the culture of smells. “The language of smells” has been known since time immemorial. Perception for

Social etiquette

Manners of behavior in human life

Etiquette in human life

PLAN

MODERN BUSINESS PERSON

ETIQUETTE IN ACTIVITY

LECTURE No. 17

Lesson summary

Business communication is a complex, multifaceted process of establishing and developing contacts between people, generated by the needs of joint activities and including the exchange of information, the development of a unified interaction strategy, perception and understanding of the other person.

Despite the purpose of communication, those communicating always have three tasks: assessing a person from a business point of view; receiving and transmitting information; influence on motives and decisions;

The very last moment of communication, the last words, glances, handshakes are very important, as they can completely change the result of a long-hour conversation;

The effectiveness of business communication is largely determined by the degree to which real psychological portraits of employees correspond to ideas about the requirements placed on them and their activities in specific positions;

An important psychological prerequisite for effective communication is to identify the main representative system of interactants (vision, hearing, touch, smell, body position in space) and rely on it in the process of direct contact;

There are six phases in business communication: making contact, concentrating attention, motivational sounding, maintaining attention, argumentation and persuasion, recording the result;

The rules of politeness accepted by every nation are a very complex combination of national traditions, customs and international etiquette. No matter what country you are in, the hosts have the right to expect from the guest attention, interest in their culture, respect for their customs;

Calmness, diplomacy, a deep understanding of the interlocutor’s argumentation, well-thought-out counter-argumentation based on accurate facts, allow us to resolve the contradictions between the requirements of “good form” in discussions and firmness in defending one’s opinion.

Etiquette is a manner of behavior, an example of the best experience in moral solutions to specific business and management problems.

Italy is considered the birthplace of etiquette. In Italy, the improvement of the morals of society began in the 14th century, and by the 15th century, compared to other European countries, Italy had a higher degree of education, wealth, and the ability to decorate one’s life.

Modern etiquette inherits the customs of almost all nations from hoary antiquity to the present day. At their core, these rules of behavior are universal, since they are observed by representatives of the most diverse socio-political systems existing in modern world. The people of each country make their own amendments and additions to etiquette, determined by the social system of the country, the specifics of its history, national traditions and customs.

There are several types of etiquette, the main ones of which
are:

court etiquette- strictly regulated procedure
and forms of treatment established at the courts of monarchs;

diplomatic etiquette- rules of conduct for diplomats
and other officials when contacting each other during various diplomatic receptions, visits, negotiations;

military etiquette- a set of rules and norms generally accepted in the army
and behavior patterns of military personnel in all areas of their activities;

general civil etiquette- a set of rules, traditions, and conventions observed by citizens when communicating with each other.

Most of the rules of diplomatic, military and civil etiquette coincide to one degree or another. Difference between
them is that compliance with the rules of etiquette by diplomats
is given greater importance, since deviation from these rules
or violation of them may damage the prestige of the country or its official representatives and lead to complications in relations between states.

As the living conditions of mankind change, education and culture grow, some rules of behavior are replaced by others. What was previously considered indecent becomes generally accepted and vice versa. But the requirements of etiquette are not absolute: compliance with them depends on the place, time and circumstances. Behavior that is unacceptable in one place and under some circumstances may be appropriate in another place and under other circumstances.

Unlike moral norms, etiquette norms are conditional; they have the character of an unwritten agreement about what is generally accepted in people’s behavior and what is not. Every cultured person should not only know and observe the basic norms of etiquette, but also understand the need for certain rules and relationships. Manners largely reflect a person’s internal culture, his moral and intellectual qualities. The ability to behave correctly in society is very important: it facilitates the establishment of contacts, promotes mutual understanding, and creates good, stable relationships.

A tactful and well-mannered person behaves in accordance with
with etiquette standards not only at official ceremonies, but also at home.
Genuine politeness, which is based on goodwill,
determine tact, a sense of proportion, suggesting what is possible and what
cannot be done in certain circumstances. Such a person will never
will not violate public order, will not offend another by word or deed, will not insult his dignity.

There are people with a double standard of behavior: at work, with acquaintances and friends, they are polite and helpful, but at home they do not stand on ceremony, are rude and tactless with loved ones. This indicates a person’s low culture and poor upbringing.

Modern etiquette regulates the behavior of people in everyday life,
at work, in public places and on the street, at guests and at official events - receptions, ceremonies, negotiations.

Introduction

Etiquette has a very wide history, from ancient times to our time. And he has always played a decisive role in people’s communication and behavior, dictating norms and rules. Thus, a person was limited from rash actions and facilitated communication.

Relevance of the work is that etiquette is a very important part of a person’s life even today. Especially now, when everything is resolved diplomatically, from trade and economic relations to conflicts between countries. And in order to be successful in life and in business, a person needs to know all the rules of etiquette and behave in society in accordance with them.

Goal of the work- trace the development of etiquette from past eras to the present day.

Tasks:

Show the meaning of etiquette;

Consider types of etiquette;

Compare modern and ancient etiquette;

Consider the features of etiquette in Russia.

Object work is a general idea of ​​etiquette, general norms, concepts, types.

Item- features of the development of the history of etiquette, and its changes as society develops.

Basic concepts of etiquette

The meaning of etiquette

etiquette tradition ritual behavior

Modern man every now and then finds himself in situations that require specific behavior and communication skills from him. He travels abroad, enters into business and personal relationships; attends diplomatic receptions, presentations and vernissages; he leads a lifestyle that encourages him to establish contacts with people who speak other languages ​​and are associated with distant, sometimes exotic cultures. All this places new demands on his behavior and appearance, on his language and cultural outlook.

Etiquette is usually understood as a set of rules of behavior in which a person’s attitude towards other people is manifested in one way or another. Etiquette has a pronounced situational character. The need to choose a particular word, gesture or some other etiquette sign is primarily determined by a specific situation. Etiquette situations can be associated either with everyday communication, or with festive events, the performance of certain rituals, or with special circumstances such as receiving a guest or a dinner party.

The word “etiquette” is borrowed from the French language, in which it has two meanings: 1) “label”, “label”, “inscription” and 2) “ceremonial”, “etiquette”. In turn, it was borrowed from Dutch, translated from which it means “peg”, “peg”, and originally meant a peg to which a piece of paper with the name of the product was tied, and later the piece of paper with the inscription itself. Based on the meaning of “inscription”, a narrower meaning developed - “a note indicating the sequence of ceremonial actions” and then “ceremonial”. Even at the beginning of the 20th century, the word “etiquette” had the meaning in Russian of “a label pasted on bottles and wrappers of goods, indicating the name of the company, merchant and manufacturer,” but the word “label” was still stuck with this meaning. The words “ethics” and “etiquette” are perceived by us as close in meaning, but historically they go back to different languages ​​(the word “ethics” is borrowed from Latin), and have become closer to each other relatively recently.

Scientists identify four main subsystems of etiquette:

Speech or verbal etiquette.

Speech etiquette regulates the verbal formulas of greetings, introductions, congratulations, wishes, gratitude, apologies, requests, invitations, advice, suggestions, consolation, sympathy, condolences, compliments, approval; Speech etiquette also includes the manner of speaking (including on the phone) and the art of conducting a conversation; facial expressions and gestures. Many nations have their own specific gestures of greeting, farewell, agreement, denial, surprise, and these gestures can have different colors: neutral, ritually solemn, familiarly vulgar. The attitude towards the interlocutor and the topic of conversation is also expressed through facial expressions, smiles, and direction of gaze;

Organization of space in etiquette (or etiquette proxemics).

The relative position of the interlocutors in space, the choice of a certain distance, and the presence or absence of physical contact between them are also important in etiquette. You need to know which place in the house or at the table is considered honorable, what positions are acceptable in a given situation; etiquette paraphernalia (or the world of things in etiquette).

Label paraphernalia primarily includes clothing, jewelry and headwear, as well as gifts, flowers, and business cards.

Types of etiquette

There are several types of etiquette:

I. Court etiquette is a strictly established order and forms of behavior at the courts of monarchs. Currently used in the courts and in secular society of countries with a monarchical form of government.

2. Military etiquette is a set of rules, norms and behavior generally accepted in a given army by military personnel in all spheres of their life and activities in units, on ships and in public places.

3. Diplomatic etiquette - rules of conduct for diplomats and other officials in relations with each other and at various official diplomatic events (receptions, visits, presentations, negotiations, meetings of delegations, etc.).

4. General civil etiquette is a set of rules, traditions and conventions observed in communication between private individuals of a given society.

Most of the rules of general civil and diplomatic etiquette are identical or coincide to one degree or another. However, among diplomatic and official circles, strict adherence to the rules of etiquette is given great importance.

Representatives of the business community must not only know the rules of etiquette well, but also strictly observe them in practice.

Many aspects of diplomatic protocol are important not only for professional diplomatic activities, but also for those cases where its application can be useful for communication both in various fields of activity and in informal contacts.