Cell structure. Questions for independent work. Testing and measuring materials for the discipline Biology. Cell

Option 1.

Look at the drawing. What cell is shown on it? What structures are indicated by numbers 6 and 7? Reveal the features of the structure and functions of these structures.

Option 2.

Look at the drawing. What cell is shown on it? What structures are indicated by numbers 5 and 6? Reveal the features of the structure and functions of these structures.

Option 3.

Look at the drawing. What cell structure does it depict? What functions does it perform in the cell? What is indicated by the numbers 1, 2, 5, 6, 7?

Option 4.

Look at the drawing. What cell structure does it depict? What functions does it perform in the cell? What is indicated by the numbers 1, 2, 3?

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Option 5.

Option 6.

Look at the drawing. What cell structure does it depict? What functions does it perform in the cell? What is indicated by numbers 1, 2?

Option 7.

Option 8.

Look at the drawing. What cell is shown on it? What structure is indicated by number 2? Reveal the structural features and functions of this structure.

Option 9.

Look at the drawing. What cell is shown on it? What structure is indicated by number 4? Reveal the structural features and functions of this structure.

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Option 10.

Look at the drawing. What cell is shown on it? What structure is indicated by the number 9? Reveal the structural features and functions of this structure.

Option 11.

Look at the drawing. What cell is shown on it? What structure is indicated by the number 5? Reveal the structural features and functions of this structure.

Option 12.

Look at the drawing. What cell is shown on it? What structure is indicated by the number 1? Reveal the structural features and functions of this structure.

Option 13.

Look at the drawing. What cell is shown on it? What numbers indicate its membrane organelles? Indicate their names.

Option 14.

Look at the drawing. What cell is shown on it? What is its structure indicated by the number 7? Reveal the structural features and functions of this structure.

Option 15.

Look at the drawing. What cell organelles are shown on it? In what cells are they found? What are their functions?

1. 2.

Option 16.

Look at the drawing. What cell structures are indicated by numbers 4 and 5? What functions do they perform in the cell?

Option 17.

Look at the drawing. What cell structures are designated by numbers with the letters D and Z? What functions do they perform in the cell?

Option 18.

Look at the drawing. What cell structure does it depict? What functions does it perform in the cell?

Option 19.

Look at the drawing. What process does it depict? What is its role in the cell? In what cells can it occur?

Option 20.

Look at the drawing. What cell is shown on it? What structures are indicated by numbers 7, 10, 11? What functions do they perform in the cell?

Option 21.

Look at the drawing. What cell is shown on it? What structures are indicated by numbers 3 and 6? What functions do they perform in the cell?

Option 22.

Look at the drawing. Which cells on it are marked with the letters A and B? Compare the structure of these cells.

Option 23.

Look at the drawing. What process in the cell is indicated by number 10? What is the significance of this process in the cell?

Option 24.

Look at the drawing. What cell structure does it depict? What functions does it perform in the cell? In what cells can this structure be found? What types of it do you know?

Option 25.

Look at the drawing. What cell structure does it depict? What functions does it perform in the cell? Give examples of human cells in which such structures occur in large numbers.

The first microscope was invented by Jansen in (_).

In 1665 Robert Hooke (_).

Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek discovered the world (_).

Robert Brown described in plant cells (_).

In 1838–1839 botanist Matthias Schleiden and zoologist Theodor Schwann formulated (_).

T. Schwann believed that new cells are formed (_).

In 1855, Rudolf Virchow proved that (_).

The basic unit of structure and vital activity of living organisms is (_).

All cells of living organisms have (_).

Cells are formed only (_).

Task 2. “Structure of the cell membrane”

What is indicated in the figure by numbers 1 - 5?

What two parts does the animal cell membrane consist of? Plant cell?

What is the thickness of the plasmalemma?

Task 3. “Structure of the plasmalemma”

Look at the picture and answer the questions:

The membrane of which cell in the picture? Explain your answer.

What is indicated in the figure by numbers 1-6?

What molecules form the glycocalyx?

Task 4. “Electrochemical gradient”

Look at the picture and answer the questions:

What is a concentration gradient?

What is an electrostatic gradient?

What is an electrochemical gradient?

Task 5. “Transport of substances through the membrane”

Look at the picture and answer the questions:

What types of transport are indicated by numbers 1 - 4?

What type of transport requires energy?

How do fat-soluble substances get into cells?

How are Na + ions removed from the cell cytoplasm to the outside?

Task 6. Look at the picture “Plasmolysis”

Look at the picture and answer the questions:

What is plasmolysis called?

How does water move through the cell membrane?

Causes of plasmolysis?

Task 7. “Cell shell”

Write down the sentence numbers and missing words:

The plant cell wall is represented by (_).

The plasma membrane is formed (_).

They form the hydrophobic basis of the cell membrane (_).

Most of the water enters the cell through the cell membrane (_).

Plasma membrane uptake of particulate matter – (_).

Capture of liquid droplets by the plasma membrane and draw them into the cell - (_).

The entry of substances into the cell is (_), the removal of substances from the cell is (_).

Transport of substances through the cell membrane, which occurs with the expenditure of energy ATP - (_).

The entry of water into the cell during the process of deplasmolysis occurs due to (_).

Plasmolysis is called (_).

Osmosis is called (_).

Task 8. “Golgi complex and lysosomes”

Look at the picture and answer the questions:

What is indicated in the figure by the letters A-B?

Where are lysosomes formed?

How many membranes surround the contents of lysosomes?

What are the sizes of lysosomes?

What are the main functions of lysosomes?

Task 9. “Single-membrane organelles”

Look at the picture and answer the questions:

What are the main functions of the Golgi complex?

What two types of EPS are known?

What are the main functions of the EPS?

What are the functions of cilia and flagella?

How do cilia differ from flagella?

Task 10. “Mitochondria”

Look at the picture and answer the questions:

What is indicated by numbers 1 - 5?

What are the main functions of mitochondria?

How are new mitochondria formed?

What is the mass of mitochondrial ribosomes?

What is known about the hereditary apparatus of mitochondria?

What are the sizes of mitochondria?

Task 11. “Plastids”

Look at the picture and answer the questions:

What is indicated by numbers 1 - 6?

What are the main functions of chloroplasts?

How are new plastids formed?

What is the mass of plastid ribosomes?

What is known about the hereditary apparatus of chloroplasts?

What are the sizes of chloroplasts?

Task 12. “Interconversions of plastids”

Look at the picture and answer the questions:

Give examples of the transformation of proplastids into various types of plastids.

Give examples of the transformation of leucoplasts into chloroplasts and vice versa.

What are the functions of leukoplasts?

What are the functions of chromoplasts?

Task 13. “Non-membrane organelles”

Look at the picture and answer the questions:

What is indicated by numbers 1 - 5?

What are the main functions of the cell center?

How are centrioles of the cell center formed?

What is characteristic of the cell center of higher plants?

What are the functions of microtubules and microfilaments?

Where are ribosomal subunits formed?

What are the functions of ribosomes?

What are the sizes of ribosomes?

What is included in the ribosome?

Task 14. “Cell organoids”

Write down the test numbers, against each - the correct answer options

**Test 1. Single-membrane cell organelles include:

Ribosomes. 6. Lysosomes.

Golgi complex. 7. EPS.

**Test 2. Double-membrane cell organelles include:

Ribosomes. 6. Lysosomes.

Golgi complex. 7. EPS.

Mitochondria. 8. Core.

Chloroplasts. 9. Cilia and flagella of eukaryotes.

Cytoskeleton. 10. Cellular center.

**Test 3. Non-membrane cell organelles include:

Ribosomes. 6. Lysosomes.

Golgi complex. 7. EPS.

Mitochondria. 8. Myofibrils made of actin and myosin.

Chloroplasts. 9. Cilia and flagella of eukaryotes.

Cytoskeleton. 10. Cellular center.

Test 4. Responsible for the formation of lysosomes, accumulation, modification and removal of substances from the cell:

Golgi complex.

Cellular center.

Mitochondria.

Test 5. Biosynthesis of proteins in the cytoplasm of the cell is carried out:

Mitochondria.

Chloroplasts.

Golgi complex.

Ribosomes.

Test 6."Respiratory organoids" that provide the cell with energy:

Mitochondria.

Chloroplasts.

Golgi complex.

Ribosomes.

Test 7. They break down complex organic molecules into monomers, even their own organelles and food particles that enter the cell by phagocytosis:

Lysosomes.

Ribosomes.

Golgi complex.

Test 8. The cells of higher plants lack:

Mitochondria.

Chloroplasts.

Golgi complex.

Centrioles.

Test 9. Responsible for the formation of the cytoskeleton:

Golgi complex.

Cellular center.

Myofibrils.

Test 10. Capable of converting the energy of sunlight into the energy of chemical bonds of the formed organic matter:

Mitochondria.

Chloroplasts.

Lysosomes.

Golgi complex.

Card 1

What organelles are characteristic of animal cells? (ribosomes, plastids, vacuoles).

What function do mitochondria perform? (photosynthesis, protein synthesis, fat synthesis, ATP synthesis, substance transport).

Card 2

Underline the correct answers.

What molecules does the membrane consist of? (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, ATP).

Which plastids are colorless? (leucoplasts, chloroplasts, chromoplasts).

What are the internal structures of mitochondria called? (granas, cristae, matrix).

Card 3

Underline the correct answers.

Card 4

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Which cytoplasmic organelles have a single-membrane structure? (external cell membrane, EPS, mitochondria, plastids, Golgi complex, lysosomes).

What organelles are common to plant and animal cells? (ER, ribosomes, mitochondria, nucleus, plastids).

Card 5

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a) solid or porous;

Card 6

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Which cytoplasmic organelles have a double-membrane structure? (outer cell membrane, EPS, mitochondria, plastids, Golgi complex).

Where are molecules found in mitochondria?

a) DNA (cristae, outer membrane, internal environment);

b) RNA (cristae, outer membrane, internal environment).

Which chloroplast structure contains the chlorophyll pigment? (outer membrane, cristae, grana, stroma).

Card 7

Underline the correct answers.

Which organisms are characterized by the presence of a nucleus? (prokaryotes, eukaryotes).

Which cytoplasmic organelles have a non-membrane structure? (ER, mitochondria, plastids, ribosomes, lysosomes).

Where are ribosomal subunits formed? (cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuoles).

What is the structure of mitochondria? (single-membrane, double-membrane, non-membrane).

Card 8

Underline the correct answers.

What nuclear structure carries the hereditary properties of an organism? (nuclear envelope, nuclear sap, chromosomes, nucleoli).

a) photosynthesis (leukoplasts, chloroplasts, chromoplasts);

b) accumulation of starch (leukoplasts, chloroplasts, chromoplasts).

What is the structure of mitochondria? (single-membrane, double-membrane, non-membrane).

How many subunits does a ribosome consist of? (one, two, three, four).

What is the nuclear envelope?

a) solid or porous;

b) single-membrane or double-membrane.

Card 9

Underline the correct answers.

Which membrane component determines the property of selective permeability? (proteins, lipids, fats, carbohydrates).

In which cell organelles are ribosomes located? (cytoplasm, smooth ER, rough ER, mitochondria, plastids, nuclear envelope).

In what part of the mitochondria does oxidation occur? organic matter? (cristae, outer membrane, internal environment).

With the appearance of what structure did the nucleus separate from the cytoplasm? (chromosomes, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, nuclear sap).

Card 10

Underline the correct answers.

In which cell organelles does ATP synthesis occur?

a) in plant cells (chloroplasts, mitochondria, ribosomes);

b) in animal cells (chloroplasts, mitochondria, ribosomes).

Which cell organelles contain the pigment chlorophyll? (mitochondria, chloroplasts, leucoplasts, chromoplasts).

What kind of membrane is the nuclear envelope? (single solid or double porous).

Card 11

Underline the correct answers.

What features of a living cell depend on the functioning of the cell membrane? (selective permeability, water absorption and retention, ion exchange, insulation from environment and connection with it).

How many subunits does a ribosome consist of? (one, two, three, four).

In which part of the mitochondria does the oxidation of organic substances occur? (cristae, outer membrane, internal environment).

What organelles are common to plant and animal cells? (ribosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, nucleus, plastids).

What cell structure connects organelles into a single whole, transports substances, and participates in the synthesis of proteins and fats? (outer cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus).

Card 12

Underline the correct answers.

How is the cell cytoplasm separated from the environment? (ER membranes, outer cell membrane, nuclear membrane).

In which nuclear structure does the assembly of ribosomal subunits occur? (nuclear juice, nucleolus, nuclear envelope).

Which plastids contain the pigment chlorophyll? (leucoplasts, chloroplasts, chromoplasts).

With the appearance of what structure did the nucleus separate from the cytoplasm? (chromosomes, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, nuclear sap).

What is the structure of mitochondria? (single-membrane, double-membrane, non-membrane).

Card 13

Underline the correct answers.

Which organelles are characteristic only of plant cells? (ER, ribosomes, plastids, mitochondria).

What molecules does the cell membrane consist of? (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, water, ATP).

What nuclear structure carries the hereditary properties of an organism? (nuclear envelope, nuclear sap, chromosomes, nucleoli).

Where does ATP synthesis occur? (cristae, internal environment of mitochondria, outer membrane of mitochondria, outside mitochondria).

What is included in ribosomes? (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, DNA, RNA).

Card 14

Underline the correct answers.

Why are mitochondria called the “powerhouses of cells”? (carry out protein synthesis, ATP synthesis, carbohydrate synthesis, fat synthesis).

Which cytoplasmic organelles have a single-membrane structure? (outer cell membrane, ER, mitochondria, plastids, Golgi complex, lysosomes).

Where are ribosomal subunits formed? (cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria).

What are the internal structures of mitochondria called? (matrix, cristae, grana).

Which organisms are characterized by the presence of a nucleus? (prokaryotes, eukaryotes).

Card 15

Underline the correct answers.

What function do ribosomes perform? (photosynthesis, protein synthesis, fat synthesis, ATP synthesis, substance transport).

Which plastids can have Orange color? (leucoplasts, chloroplasts, chromoplasts).

In what part of the nucleus is the DNA molecule located? (nuclear sap, chromosomes, nuclear envelope, nucleolus).

What group of organelles do plastids belong to? (single-membrane, double-membrane, non-membrane).

Card 16

Underline the correct answers.

In which organelles of plant cells does ATP synthesis occur? (chloroplasts, mitochondria, ribosomes).

In which cell organelles are ribosomes located? (cytoplasm, smooth ER, rough ER, mitochondria, plastids, nuclear envelope).

What is the structure of mitochondria? (single-membrane, double-membrane, non-membrane).

What part of the chloroplast contains DNA and ribosomes? (outer membrane, grana, internal environment, stroma).

What are the functions of the cell nucleus? (storage and transmission of hereditary information, participation in cell division, participation in the synthesis of DNA and RNA).

Card 17

Underline the correct answers.

Which cytoplasmic organelles have a double-membrane structure? (ER, mitochondria, plastids, Golgi apparatus).

Where are ribosomal subunits formed? (cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole).

Which plastids perform the following functions:

a) accumulation of starch (leukoplasts, chloroplasts, chromoplasts).

b) photosynthesis (leukoplasts, chloroplasts, chromoplasts);

What organelles are common to plant and animal cells? (ribosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, nucleus, plastids).

What components make up the kernel? (mitochondria, chromosomes, nucleolus, plastids).

Card 18

Underline the correct answers.

In which cell organelles does only protein synthesis occur? (plastids, ribosomes, mitochondria, Golgi complex).

In which part of the mitochondria does the oxidation of organic substances occur? (cristae, outer membrane, internal environment).

What organelle binds the contents of the cell into a single whole, carries out the synthesis of proteins and fats, and participates in the transport of substances? (outer cell membrane, ER, Golgi apparatus).

Which organisms are characterized by the presence of a nucleus? (prokaryotes, eukaryotes).

In which cell organelles are ribosomes located? (cytoplasm, smooth ER, rough ER, mitochondria, plastids, nuclear envelope).