The branch hit the child in the eye. I pricked my eye with a needle, it hurts, what should I do? Radiation burns of the eyes

All resulting eye injuries are divided into the entry into the organ of vision of a foreign body or injury.

The entry of a foreign body almost always leads to injuries of a domestic, industrial, sports, or combat nature. The injury can cause a person to go blind in one eye.

What treatment for eye injury at home is appropriate? What to do if you have an eye injury?

What eye injuries can a person receive?

Injury to the eye and orbit (code according to ICD-10 S05) can be caused by any small and even non-sharp objects, as well as chemicals. Injury can be caused by a fist, a stone, or a snowball.

First, the optical apparatus (cornea) and lens are damaged. In case of serious damage, the retina of the eye and sometimes the optic nerve are also injured.

If a chemical burn occurs, the damaging substances include acids, household chemicals, alkalis, and cosmetics. Alkaline ones are the most dangerous.

When acid gets into the eye, it can quickly coagulate and not penetrate deep into the eye tissue. But the alkali penetrates deeply, corroding all the eye membranes.

After a few days, severe and irreversible damage occurs in the tissues of the eye, which leads to absolute loss of vision, which cannot be restored.

An eye burn can be not only chemical, but also thermal. They get it due to hot steam getting into the eye..

With a non-penetrating eye injury, the following occurs:

• severe bleeding inside the eye;
• rupture of the retina and choroid;
• retinal disinsertion;
• traumatic cataract.

This is often possible after a severe bruise or blow with a blunt object.

Manifestations:

• severe pain in the eye;
• uncontrollable lacrimation begins;
• pain syndrome, if the patient looks at the light, visual acuity is greatly reduced;
• a bloody spot may appear on the eye.

With penetrating trauma, complete destruction of the damaged eyeball, damage to the lens, and loss of vision are possible. The patient must be taken to the hospital as soon as possible.

Blunt eye trauma is divided into the following degrees: mild, moderate, severe.

Consequences of such an injury:

• erosion of the tissues that are located around the cornea;
• damage to the corneal epithelium;
• inflammation and infection may develop;
• the level of visual acuity may decrease;
• pain in the eye due to damage to the nerve endings.

Symptoms of blunt trauma:

• when an infection occurs, swelling develops after a few days;
• purulent discharge is formed;
• post-traumatic keratitis and corneal ulcer are possible;
• Visual acuity will decrease as a result.

The eye can also be damaged due to injury or bruise to the bones, tissues, and muscles located near the eye organ.

As a result of a fracture and crack in the wall of the orbit, air can penetrate under the skin, causing severe swelling of the eyelid and protrusion of the eyeball. The optic nerve can become damaged and the person may go blind.

If a person has suffered an eye injury, it is necessary to provide emergency first aid.

It is strictly forbidden to:

• rub the damaged eye, put pressure on it;
• touch it, try to remove the foreign body yourself;
• wash the eye in case of a penetrating wound (exception: penetration of chemical solutions into the eye);
• neutralize the effect of one substance with another (if the burn was caused by an acid solution, then it should not be washed with alkali);
• use cotton wool for bandaging, as its fibers can get into the eye and aggravate the situation (with the exception of eyelid wounds with severe bleeding).

Necessary:

• wash your hands before any manipulation;
• calm the victim;
• take him to the emergency room.

If the eyelids are injured:

• clean the damaged area from contamination with water or antiseptic solutions;
• apply cold without pressing on the eye, cover the wound with a sterile bandage;
• make a bandage of cotton wool and gauze in case of heavy bleeding.

In case of contact with a chemical solution, you must:

• rinse eyes and eyelids with running water;
• sit the victim near the sink, tilt his head back, open his eyelids, and rinse his eyes for 30 minutes;
• transport the victim to the emergency room.

If quicklime powder gets into your eye, under no circumstances should you rinse your eyes! Interacting with water, lime produces heat, intensifying the burn. Crystals are removed with a dry, clean cloth.

If super glue gets into your eye:

• try to remove the glue from the skin of the eyelids (you can apply tetracycline ointment 1%);
• open an eye;
• take the victim to the emergency room.

Burns

In case of flame burn:

• remove dirt from the skin of the eyelids, wipe with alcohol so that it does not get into the eyes;
• anoint the skin of the eyelids with tetracycline ointment 1%.

In case of a burn from ultraviolet rays:

• due to severe photophobia resulting from the burn, darken the room;
• apply antibacterial ointment (for example, tetracycline 1%) behind the eyelid;
• put dry ice on your eyes (place the ice in a bag, wrap the bag in a clean napkin);
• give painkillers (Pentalgin, Nurofen, Ibuprofen);
• If the pain does not go away within an hour, go to the emergency room.

Bleeding

For bleeding:

• instill antibacterial drops (Albucid (20%), Levomycetin (0.25%), Vitabact (0.05%));
• cover the eye with a sterile bandage;
• Don't put pressure on the eye.

For a foreign body protruding from the eye:

• cover the fellow eye with a napkin, since simultaneous movement of the eyeballs will displace the intraocular part of the foreign body and lead to additional damage;
• instill antibacterial drops (Albucid (20%), Levomycetin (0.25%), Vitabact (0.05%));
• without wasting time, go to the emergency room;
• You should not try to remove a foreign body yourself.

If a speck that gets into the eye does not come out with active blinking and lacrimation, you need to:

• examine the eye by pulling back the lower eyelid;
• try to wash the speck with water (without using a scarf, cotton wool, or tweezers);
• instill antibacterial drops (Albucid (20%), Levomycetin (0.25%), Vitabact (0.05%));
• go to the emergency room if you can’t get rid of the speck.

If the particle is sharp (glass from broken glasses, for example), you should not try to get it out yourself. Clumsy manipulations further injure the eye, which can lead to damage to the lens or optic nerve.

Treatment

Therapy for eye injury is aimed at achieving the following goals:

1. Save the eye as an organ, restore the location of damaged structures.
2. Preserve or restore vision.

To eliminate wounds to the eyelids and conjunctiva, surgical treatment is performed. The stitches are removed after a week or two. If the tear ducts are damaged, they are restored by implanting tubes that prevent the tear ducts from becoming overgrown.

Burns are treated by prolonged rinsing with water (if it was a chemical burn). Then conservative treatment is carried out. If the burn is moderate or severe, the patient should be hospitalized.

Penetrating wounds require urgent surgical intervention. The sutures are removed after 2-3 months, depending on the severity of the eye damage.

The damaged lens is removed surgically, as inflammation may develop and the pressure in the eye will increase. Subsequently, an artificial lens is implanted.

The foreign body in the eye is removed. The doctor determines the method individually. If hemorrhage occurs inside the eye, drug treatment is prescribed. You may need to remove blood from the eye (vitrectomy).

To save the eye, it is necessary to restore its anatomical integrity through surgery as quickly as possible, then undergo a long course of conservative therapy.

Afterwards, additional surgical procedures are possible. Observation by an ophthalmologist is a prerequisite for recovery. The duration of recovery after a corneal injury depends on the severity of the injury.

What drops should I use for an eye injury? You should first study their effect and the severity of the damage. Eye drops are prescribed by an ophthalmologist after receiving the results of an examination of the eye condition.

Kornegel has a wide spectrum of action. Regenerates tissue after a cut and even a chemical burn. The main active ingredient is dexpanthenol, which takes an active part in the restoration of mucous membranes and skin.

Prescribed for corneal erosion, infectious diseases, burns, injuries. Quickly restores, reduces dryness and burning. This drug is dripped into the conjunctival sac.

Solcoseryl is an eye gel that accelerates metabolic processes in tissues. After instillation, it can cover the damaged area for a long time, promotes the penetration of oxygen and nutrients into the injured area.

Contraindications:

• pregnancy, lactation;
• children under one year old.

Side effects:

• slight burning sensation;
• allergy.

One drop is placed into the conjunctival sac up to four times a day. In severe cases, one drop is given every hour.

Balarpan-N is created from components that make up the natural tissues of the cornea. Heals and restores various injuries and damages. Prescribed for the treatment of erosions, injuries, burns, keratitis, conjunctivitis, postoperative rehabilitation.

Eliminates dry eyes, helps to get used to contact lenses, eliminates irritation and pain.

Vitasik also promotes the regeneration of mucous tissues. A sterile clear solution that is dropped into the eyes. Helps improve metabolic processes in tissues, accelerates the regeneration of damaged areas.

Also protects eyes from germs. To avoid damage to the mucous membranes from lenses, the solution is instilled into the eyes a few minutes after removing the lenses.

Hyphenosis is a drug that creates a protective film, softens and nourishes the eye membrane. Helps accelerate the healing of damaged corneal tissue after injury, burns, and surgery.

Prescribed to persons who constantly work at a computer. Eliminates “dry eye syndrome”, fatigue, burning sensation. Moisturizes and nourishes. Helps restore the tear film and reduce discomfort.

Tobropt is indicated for the treatment of infection. Disturbs protein synthesis, stops the growth and reproduction of bacteria. Prescribed for inflammatory eye diseases and infectious complications during the rehabilitation period after eye surgery.

Contraindications:

• individual intolerance;
• pregnancy, lactation;
• childhood.

Side effects:

• slight burning, itching;
• allergy;
• crystal deposition in the cornea.

Drop one drop every four hours into the conjunctival sac. In case of acute eye damage, the drug is dripped every hour.

Naklof - pain-relieving eye drops after injury. Diclofenac sodium in the composition will relieve inflammation and pain. Almost does not penetrate into the bloodstream. Prescribed for prophylaxis during surgical interventions, reducing postoperative inflammation and pain.

Contraindications:

• pregnancy;
• age under 18 years;
• rhinitis;
• bronchial asthma;
• hives;
• sensitivity to components.

Side effects:

• hyperemia;
• blurred vision;
• ulcerative keratitis, corneal edema (rare).

For prevention, drops are applied five times a day for three hours after surgery. Afterwards the frequency of administration is reduced. To eliminate pain, drop a drop every 4-6 hours.

Immediately after use, vision decreases for some time. Bleeding may increase if Naklof is used simultaneously with medications that reduce blood clotting.

Indocollyr is a drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.. Prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, surgical treatment of cataracts, prevention of complications after surgery.

Eliminates inflammation, pain, reduces inflammation. Place a drop into the affected eye up to four times a day. Duration of therapy is up to four weeks.

Contraindications:

• hypersensitivity to components;
• rhinitis, bronchospasm,
• hypersensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid;
• herpetic keratitis;
• poor blood clotting;
• pregnancy;
• lactation.

Side effects:

• slight burning sensation;
• decreased visual acuity;
• redness on the skin.

The drug is not used with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Able to weaken the effect of beta blockers and saluretics. May enhance the effect of anticoagulants and lithium.

Can be used with other eye drops. The interval between applications should be 10 minutes.

All the drugs described should be used only as prescribed by an ophthalmologist, who also determines the course of treatment and its duration.

Eye prevention:

Prevention of injuries for children:

• hide chemicals (cleaning products, ammonia, sprays, super glue) from the child;
• choose toys for young children without sharp or cutting parts;
• take your child away from children who play with guns with plastic bullets and play darts;
• teach the baby to hold scissors, pencils, pens correctly or not allow him to pick them up if the child is too small;
• Keep your child away from a running lawn mower or open fire;
• buy him eye protection for playing football and hockey;
• do not allow your child to look at the sun without protective glasses;
• take the child away if fireworks are being launched nearby.

A scratch on the cornea of ​​the eye is a traumatic injury and can occur for a variety of reasons, including wearing contact lenses for too long or wearing cracked or chipped lenses, blows or punctures to the eye, or a foreign body (eyelash or grain of sand) or any liquid entering the eye. The cornea of ​​the eye has a dual function: it helps other elements of the eye (sclera, tears and eyelid) protect against foreign particles and remove them from the eye, in addition, the cornea controls the amount of light entering the eye, helping it focus. If you scratch your cornea, you may experience symptoms such as watery eyes, pain, eye redness, eyelid spasms, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and the physical sensation of a foreign body in the eye. Luckily, there are several steps you can take to help your scratch heal quickly.

Steps

Part 1

Try blinking your eyes. Sometimes corneal scratches occur due to a foreign body in the form of a speck of dust, a speck, a grain of sand, or even an eyelash getting under the eyelid. Before the scratch treatment process can begin, you will need to remove the foreign body from the eye. Try blinking several times in a row for this purpose. Opening and closing the eyelid can stimulate the tear glands to produce more tears to flush the foreign body out of the eye.

• With your right hand, lift the upper eyelid of the injured eye and pull it over the lower one. The eyelashes of the lower eyelid can sweep away the foreign body from the underside of the upper eyelid.
• Do not attempt to remove a foreign body from the eye with your fingers, tweezers, or any other object, as this may aggravate an existing injury.

1. Rinse your eye. If blinking does not clear the foreign body, try rinsing the eye with water or saline solution. It is best to use sterile water or solution for this purpose. You should not take water from the tap. To wash the eye, it would be ideal to take a solution with a pH of 7.0 and a temperature in the range of 15.5-37.8 ° C. However, it is generally not recommended to rinse the eyes with water from a cup. If there is a foreign body in the eye, pouring water into the eye using this method can move it further into the eye. To properly rinse the eye, follow the recommendations below for the duration of this procedure.

   • Flush mildly irritating chemicals out of the eye for five minutes.
   • Rinse off moderately and severely irritating chemicals for at least 20 minutes.
   • Rinse non-corrosive substances such as acids from the eye for 20 minutes.
   • Rinse corrosive substances such as alkalis for at least 60 minutes.
   • Be sure to pay attention to the appearance of accompanying symptoms that may indicate that a toxic solution has entered the eye. These may include nausea or vomiting, headache or dizziness, double vision or blurred vision, lightheadedness or loss of consciousness, rash or fever. If you notice these symptoms, call an ambulance immediately.

2. Use eye drops. Another way to remove a foreign body from the eye is to use eye drops with a lubricating effect to wash it out. Such eye drops can be purchased at any pharmacy without a doctor's prescription. You can instill the drops yourself or ask someone to help you. The correct procedure for using drops is described in the third part of the article.

   If the condition of the corneal scratch does not improve or worsens, consult an ophthalmologist. Once the foreign object is removed from the eye, a minor scratch should heal on its own within a few days. However, severe or infected scratches require the use of antibacterial drops to heal properly. In the following situations, you should consult an ophthalmologist:

   • if you suspect that a foreign body remains in the eye;
   • any combination of symptoms such as blurred vision, redness, severe pain, watery eyes and increased sensitivity to light;
   • if you suspect a corneal ulcer (an open wound of the cornea), which usually develops due to infection in the eye;
   • when green, yellow or bloody purulent discharge appears from the eye;
   • when light flickers in the eyes or the eye visualizes dark floating objects or shadows;
   • when fever appears.

3. Wear sunglasses. If you have a scratched cornea, it is a good idea to wear sunglasses to prevent your eyes from becoming sensitive to bright sunlight. Sometimes a scratch to the cornea of ​​the eye causes increased sensitivity to light. You can protect your eyes by wearing sunglasses with UV protection, including indoors.

   • If you suffer from extreme sensitivity to light or eyelid spasms, your eye doctor may prescribe drops that dilate your pupil. This helps reduce pain and relax the eye muscles. The correct use of eye drops is described in the third part of the article.

4. Don't wear contact lenses. Avoid wearing contact lenses until your eye doctor tells you to do so. If you constantly wear lenses, then after an injury it is recommended not to use them for at least a week until the cornea has fully recovered.

Part 3

Wash your hands. Wash your hands thoroughly with antibacterial soap before handling eye drops. It is very important to prevent bacteria from entering the injured eye, otherwise an infection may occur.

Open the bottle with drops. Drop the first drop after opening the bottle just like that (not into the eye). This is necessary to prevent possible dirt from getting into your eye from the end of the dripping spout of the bottle.

1. Tilt your head back and place a scarf under the lower eyelid of the injured eye. The scarf will absorb excess liquid that will flow out of the eye after instilling the drops. Tilting your head back, due to the effect of gravity on the drops, will help distribute them better over the eye, so that they do not flow out of the eye unnecessarily.

   • You can drip drops while standing, sitting or lying down, the main thing is that your head is thrown back.

2. Apply the drops. Look up and use the index finger of your non-dominant hand to pull down the lower eyelid of the injured eye. Place drops into the opened conjunctival sac of the lower eyelid.

   • The number of drops that you need to instill should correspond to the instructions included with the drug or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not exceed the recommended dosage.
   • Wait a few minutes before each drop so that the previous drop has time to be absorbed and not just run out of the eye.
   • The dripping spout of the bottle should not come into contact with your eye, eyelid or eyelashes, as this can introduce foreign bacteria into the eye.

The eye is a very sensitive organ, so even minor injuries always cause slight panic. In case of eye injury, the outcome of recovery largely depends on the timeliness and correctness of first aid.

What to do if you have an eye injury? What actions to take and what should not be done under any circumstances. We will learn about this further.

If we talk about the types of injuries, they will depend on the cause of occurrence, the method of receipt, they can all be divided into several groups. First of all, there will be two large groups: according to the method of injury and according to the location and depth of the damage. There are also mechanical damage and burns.

Injuries to the eye can be caused in many ways. So, what are the most common of them, as well as what first aid is necessary, we will consider further.

Wounds and scratches on the eye

They occur in the event of careless contact with sharp objects, a cut or rupture of the tissues and components of the eye. This is mechanical damage. Among the causes of such wounds are accidental scratches (with branches, a nail, the sharp edge of an object), contact with sharp objects in the eye (needle, scissors), deep penetrations (cuts, puncture wounds).

First aid for wounds on the eye.

• The type of care and treatment will depend on the depth of the wound. But even with a small scratch, it is better to go to an ophthalmologist. He will drop in special drops of Fluorescein, which will color the damaged area and help assess the depth of the damage.
• For minor scratches, treatment will consist of anti-inflammatory eye drops and ointments. They should be used according to the doctor's instructions.
• For more complex mechanical damage, surgical intervention will be required, including stitching the resulting incision.
• In difficult cases, the damaged eye should not be touched. Cover it with clean gauze or a wide bandage. If there is bleeding, place cotton wool between the layers. But under no circumstances should you put cotton wool on the wound (particles may get into the wound). Place dry cold on top of the bandage (do not press) and take it to the hospital.
• The other eye also needs to be covered. Their movements are synchronous, this can further injure damaged tissues.
• For severe pain, you can give painkillers (analgin), but only as a last resort.

This type of injury occurs from a blow to the head or eye, such as a fall. The result of a bruise will most often be hemorrhage.

First aid for an eye injury.

• With bruises, hemorrhage often occurs in the sclera. A hematoma forms. If this happens, you should immediately apply dry cold to the bruised area and eye (metal spoons or bags of frozen food will do). After which you should consult an ophthalmologist or a specialized clinic. Hemorrhage, provided that there is no mechanical damage, will go away on its own, disappear without a trace if you use eye drops and ointments prescribed by the doctor.

Getting foreign objects into your eyes

Very common. These could be small specks, eyelashes, pieces of grass, bark, or larger objects. Often small particles enter the eye and are localized on the cornea when removing grass from lawns or working with an angle grinder without safety glasses. Such a particle can be seen on the sclera. Its presence causes the eye to turn red, a feeling of stinging and pain appears, “extra” on the sclera, tear production increases, and if the speck is not removed for a long time, the eye may swell. In the presence of large objects, very serious damage to vision can be caused (up to its complete loss).

First aid if foreign objects get into your eyes.

• If you get small debris, you should blink very often. This will cause an abundance of tears and the speck will come out by itself. Afterwards, rinse the eye with running water. You can apply anti-inflammatory eye drops (Levomycetin 1-2 drops)
• If a larger object that floats freely on the sclera gets in, it is better to quickly and carefully remove it. This way the sclera will receive minimal damage. To do this, you should carefully pull back the lower eyelid and carefully remove the speck with a cotton swab or the corner of a clean scarf. In this case, under no circumstances should you put pressure on the eye. After the speck has been removed, the eye should be rinsed with running water and anti-inflammatory drops (Tetracycline, eye) should be applied. Usually no other treatment is required. The sting and pain in the eye will persist for a couple of days. The drops should be applied for 2–3 days.
• If you have difficulties with this procedure or a large object is caught, it is better to contact a specialist.
• If an object is stuck in the eye, it should not be touched under any circumstances, so as not to cause even greater injury. Here, assistance will be provided by urgent delivery to the hospital. Maximum immobility of the head and eyes should be ensured. Cover the other eye and immediately contact a specialized ambulance.

Causes of eye burns and first aid methods

Thermal burns of the eyes

They are most often obtained from a spark entering the eye (a spark from a fire or a welding machine), or a flame. In everyday life, burns occur from touching a hot object (curling iron, etc.) or steam, hot water, or fat. With a burn to the face, there is a very high probability of burns to the sclera and cornea, all the anterior areas of the eye.

First aid for eye burns.

• First of all, you need to remove the source of the burn. If it is liquid or fat, it should be washed off. Otherwise, remove the source of fire or heat.
• In case of thermal burns, you must immediately cover the affected eye with a napkin and apply cold. This can be a cold wet cloth or a cold compress.
• Burns are divided into 4 degrees depending on the area and depth of the lesion. For grade 2 and higher, treatment is carried out in a hospital. At grade 4, the likelihood of complete loss of vision is very high. 1st degree burns disappear without a trace, leaving no traces.
• You should not use anesthetic drops. Here, in case of severe pain, it is better to give an anesthetic (analgin, its analogues).
• The result of treatment depends on the degree of the burn and the speed of medical care.

Chemicals in the eye

These can be mixtures of household chemicals accidentally splashed into the eye, sometimes personal care products (hairspray), construction mixtures and compounds (super glue, lime, solvent, cement).

First aid if chemicals get into the eye.

• The first step in case of contact with chemical compounds is to rinse it with plenty of running clean water. This needs to be done for at least half an hour. The head must be tilted so that the water flows to the outer corner of the eye.
• You cannot wash acid with alkali or alkali with acid - only with water!
• If quicklime gets in, it should be removed from the cornea with a dry cloth and only then washed with water. When lime interacts with water, it generates heat and you can also get a thermal burn.
• If you get glue, be sure to wash it off immediately and open your eyes.
• Next, you should apply a cold, wet cloth (this relieves pain) and consult an ophthalmologist. But in difficult cases, it is better to call an ambulance immediately. Before her arrival, rinse your eyes with cold running water.
• When going to the ambulance, take a bottle or label from the chemical with you.
• Never delay seeing a doctor. It is important to start treatment very quickly. Drops and ointments will be prescribed depending on the characteristics of the chemical and the severity of the burn.

Radiation burns of the eyes

They are very insidious, since the first signs of a burn will appear no earlier than 6 hours after exposure to the rays. When exposed to ultraviolet radiation, burns of the eyelid, conjunctiva and cornea occur (alpine skiing without goggles, solarium, welding work). And with infrared radiation (visible light), the rays penetrate the retina and the burn affects the vascular tissue, the retina itself (laser installations, viewing a solar eclipse without protection).

First aid for radiation eye burns.

• The burn manifests itself as redness of the eyes, pain, photophobia, clouding of the cornea, and a possible decrease in visual acuity.
• If such symptoms occur after these activities, you should consult a doctor. Only he can assess the extent of the burn and prescribe adequate treatment.
• As first aid, you can instill anti-inflammatory drops and apply cold.

Eye injuries at the site of injury and first aid for them

If we consider injuries at the site of injury, we can also distinguish several types. But when providing first aid, it is very difficult to determine the degree of injury and the depth of penetration. Most often, only an ophthalmologist can do this reliably after a thorough examination.

• Superficial damage. They most often occur from debris, eyelashes and grains of sand, or from bruises. This is the least traumatic type of injury. It does not affect the structures of the eye and goes away without a trace after removal of the object or short-term treatment. Very often, only a consultation with an ophthalmologist is required. In many cases, the damage can be repaired without medical intervention.
• Foreign bodies of the cornea. These are objects that are stuck in the cornea, minor burns. Their removal requires the intervention of an ophthalmologist. Treatment will take longer. After providing first aid, the victim should be taken to an ophthalmologist.
• Wounds of the conjunctiva and retina, foreign bodies, burns. If the wounds have penetrated into the internal structures of the eye—the conjunctiva, vitreous body, or retina—then it is important to very quickly (as quickly as possible!) deliver the victim to a specialized aid station. In this case it is necessary:
  1. ensure peace and immobility of the victim;
  2. The eye should be covered with a clean napkin (but do not press!), the other should be closed;
  3. in case of bleeding, apply a gauze bandage with cotton wool;
  4. If an object is stuck, be sure to keep your head and eyes still.

If a child hurts his eye

An eye injury in a child presents a number of additional difficulties. Children usually cry when damaged, the eye turns red, and often the baby rubs it, which intensifies the redness and further injures the sclera. Young children cannot always explain the cause of pain. If a child's eye is injured:

• first of all, it is necessary not to let him rub his eye;
• it is necessary to determine the nature and extent of damage and provide first aid;
• try to establish the cause of the injury (remove the speck from the cornea, rinse the eyes with running water);
• Help with an eye injury in a child requires a mandatory consultation with an ophthalmologist.

The treatment and speed of the baby’s recovery will depend on how observant the adults are. First aid in difficult situations with penetrating wounds and burns is the same as for adults.

What not to do if you have an eye injury

1. Do not rub the injured eye.
2. You should not put anesthetic drops into the injured eye, even if the pain is severe.
3. Do not try to remove an object that is stuck in the sclera or deeper layers of the eyeball.
4. If the eye is red, the eyelid is swollen and vision problems appear, do not self-medicate. Be sure to consult an ophthalmologist. This will save your vision and reduce treatment time.

Every sighted person has the ability to see. This is one of the most amazing abilities of perception of the surrounding world and the creatures inhabiting it. But no one is immune from injuries to the organs of vision - anyone, anywhere can injure their eyes. And if this happens, it is necessary to begin treatment as soon as possible, determining the cause and type of damage.

Causes and types of eye injuries

• Entry of a foreign body.
• Mechanical impact.
• Frostbite.
• Thermal burn.
• Contact with hazardous chemicals.
• Infrared radiation, ultraviolet.

• small objects (specks of dust, specks, grains of sand and the like);
• low-hazard chemicals (detergents and cosmetics, hairspray, shampoos, soaps and the like);
• creatures (midges and other small insects).

• exposure to a sharp or blunt object (shard of glass, stick, knife, metal shavings, finger, etc.);
• compression, shaking;
• rupture, receiving a gunshot wound.

4. Thermal burn – contact with the eye by hot steam, boiling water, flames, smoldering objects (cigarette butts), etc.

5. Contact with hazardous chemicals. These include various acids, solvents, alkalis, glue, lime, cement mortar.

6. Infrared radiation, ultraviolet. It is observed when exposed to sunlight and other rays, as well as as a result of exposure to special incandescent lamps (solarium, welding, solar eclipse, laser).

Depending on the location of the eye injury, the following types of injuries are distinguished:

• household;
• industrial;
• military;
• sports;
• agricultural.

Industrial injuries can occur in factories, factories and other industries where there are mechanical, automatic and electronic units that are dangerous not only to the eyes, but also to life.

Military injuries differ in the mass of damage. Injuries to the visual organs can be caused by the use of blunt or piercing objects or foreign bodies. There is a high probability of receiving combined eye injuries.

Sports injuries can be mechanical or penetrating in nature. In martial arts, there are often cases of eye injuries through punches and kicks, as well as with the use of piercing objects. Compression and ruptures are possible.

Agricultural injuries are damage to the visual apparatus of a mechanical nature or with the penetration of a foreign body into it. While plowing a field, dirt particles can easily get into your eyes. Repairing heavy equipment is also dangerous - metal shavings have a chance of getting into the eyesight.

Depending on the severity, the following types of injuries to the visual organ are distinguished:

• lungs (eye functions preserved);
• moderate severity (temporary visual impairment);
• heavy (optical abilities are reduced);
• especially severe (possible loss of vision).

Additional Information. Regardless of the type of eye injury, you must resort to first aid and then visit an ophthalmologist.

Common eye injuries (video)

First aid for eye injury

What is prohibited to do:

• Rub an eye that has any type of damage.
• Touch the damaged area with dirty hands.
• Apply pressure to the eyelids.
• Remove an object that has fallen into the sclera or deeper.
• Rinse the eye in case of a penetration wound.
• Use baking soda to wash acid damage (and vice versa).
• Use drops for pain relief, despite the severity of the pain.
• Apply cotton-based dressings (only bandage and gauze).
• Avoid self-medication for redness, swelling and optical disturbances.

1. If a foreign body enters:

• pull down the lower eyelid;
• remove a third-party item;
• rinse with filtered water;
• use anti-inflammatory drops.

3. For a thermal burn:

• eliminate the source;
• If you get in contact with hot oil or fat, you should rinse your eyes;
• cover the damaged area with a napkin;
• make a cold compress or apply a cool cloth.
• take analgin (or its analogue) in case of unbearable pain.

• remove the substance (if not liquid) from the eye using a dry cloth;
• rinse thoroughly with purified water (sufficient time);
• Apply a cloth soaked in cold water.

• use drops for inflammation;
• apply cold.

• ensure peace and remain still;
• Apply a clean cloth without applying pressure to the damaged area.

8. If an object is stuck in the eye, ensure that it remains motionless and the head is fixed.

When providing emergency care, the following antibacterial drops are relevant:

• "Sulfacyl sodium";
• "Levomycetin";
• "Albucid".

Note! After providing first aid, you should go to an ophthalmologist.

Drops for eye injury

Symptoms and type of injury can tell you which drops will have the most positive effect on the injured eye. But before using medications, you need to consult a specialist.

• "Vitasik." Drops to restore the structure of mucous tissues. They have fast healing. Necessary for the preservation of mucous membranes, in case of various infections and injuries of the membranes of the organs of vision. When wearing lenses, you need to remove them and only after a few minutes instill the drug.
• Balarpan-N. The composition includes natural components contained in the tissues of the cornea. The drug has a healing and restorative effect. Eliminates, promotes painless adaptation to lenses. It is used for erosion and postoperative therapy, conjunctivitis and keratitis, any corneal burns and other injuries.
• "Hyphenlease." Drops provide a protective, moisturizing and nourishing effect. Regenerate the tear film and eliminate discomfort, including “sand in the eyes.” Promotes rapid healing of corneal tissue during the postoperative period, burns and other injuries. The drug is recommended for burning sensations and fatigue, as well as dry eye syndrome (especially for people who spend a lot of time looking at the monitor).
• "Solcoseryl". Eye gel helps accelerate metabolic processes, supply minerals and oxygen to tissues. Has the function of rapid regeneration and healing. It is used when wearing lenses, burns, mechanical and post-operative injuries to heal scars.
• "Korneregel". The composition of the eye gel includes dexpanthenol, which is involved in the regeneration of mucous membranes. Reduces dryness and burning. Due to its wide spectrum of action, the drug will be useful for long-term wearing of lenses, any burns and infections, as well as corneal erosion.

Survey

• Carry out an external examination for the presence of foreign bodies, wounds and bleeding.
• Determine visual acuity, which may be reduced due to various injuries.
• Determine the edges of the visual fields, identify their defects (perimetry).
• Check the cornea for sensitivity, which may decrease with various burns and injuries.
• Determine intraocular pressure - possible hypertension or hypotension.
• Examination using light - checking for the presence of foreign objects, identifying opacities in the lens and wounds in the vitreous body.
• Invert the upper eyelid (double if necessary) to search for foreign bodies.
• Detailed examination using fluorescein and a slit lamp (biomicroscopy).
• Visual examination of the anterior eye chamber (between the cornea and iris) - gonioscopy.
• Ophthalmoscopy (direct, indirect) or examination using a Goldmann lens to detect contusion and retinal detachment, intraocular foreign objects.
• Two-plane radiography of the eye orbit (preferably the skull).
• X-ray using the Baltin-Komberg prosthesis - determining the intraocular location of a foreign body.
• Computed tomography of the eye orbit and apple - identification of foreign objects that are not visible during radiography.
• Ultrasound - determining the number of foreign objects and their location, checking the condition of the entire eye and its environment.
• Fluorescein angiography – performed with a clear ocular environment.
• Complete blood count (including RW and sugar), urinalysis, HBs antigen and HIV testing.
• Additional consultation with specialists - a traumatologist and neurosurgeon, as well as a therapist.

Treatment of various types of injuries

1. Bruises. You can get by with outpatient treatment without ignoring a trip to the ophthalmologist. Apply cold to the damaged area and use disinfectant drops. If the pain is unbearable, you should take a painkiller and go to the doctor. After diagnosis, hemostatic agents are prescribed - “Ditsinon” and “Etamzilat”, and for general maintenance - iodine and calcium. An intramuscular injection of Emoxipin is given to improve trophism (in some cases, the injection is given under the eye).

2. Foreign bodies. They (including the surrounding scale) are removed after anesthesia using an injection needle. Drops and ointments with antibacterial properties are prescribed.

3. Contusion (deformation). It is recommended to apply cold to the wound site and maintain bed rest. Prescribe hemostatics (against bleeding), antibiotics, diuretics against edema, non-steroidal and hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs, physiotherapy (magnetic therapy and UHF).

4. Penetrating wounds. For this type of damage, do the following:

• use drops containing antibiotics like Tobrex, Floxal and similar;
• install a binocular bandage;
• inject painkillers (if necessary);
• anti-tetanus toxoid (serum) is administered;
• give intravenous/intramuscular antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins and others;
• inpatient treatment aimed at a speedy recovery.

• 1st degree: drops (ointments) with antibacterial properties, outpatient treatment.
• 2nd degree and higher: inpatient treatment using conservative methods.
• 3rd and 4th degrees: surgical intervention.

Important! For serious injuries, self-medication is excluded. The type of therapy is determined by the doctor.

Corneal injury, treatment

• Copious discharge from the eyes.
• Hypersensitivity to light.
• Uncontrolled contractions of the circular muscles (blepharospasm).
• Defect of the epithelial layer.
• Pericorneal conjunctival injection.
• Feeling of pain at the site of injury.
• Redness of the eyes and eyelids (vasodilatation).
• Feeling of sand in the eyes.
• Rare headaches.

• radioactive or ultraviolet radiation;
• entry of a foreign body;
• disturbances in supplying the eye with necessary substances;
• dryness (long reading or working at the computer);
• congenital pathology.

• In case of a burn, wound or foreign body, drops of anesthetics with healing properties will have a beneficial effect on the cornea.
• To eliminate discomfort and pain, lidocaine is used.
• The use of gels that restore tissue integrity.

“Sand” in the eyes. Corneal injury (video)

Consequences of injuries

• Endophthalmitis. Purulent inflammation that can cause loss of vision. Symptoms include malaise, fever, swelling and hyperemia of the eyelids and conjunctiva, and an abscess behind the lens. It is considered the most severe consequence of penetrating damage.
• Panophthalmitis. Inflammation of all membranes of the organ of vision as a result of infection (usually staphylococcus). May cause blindness. There is danger to life.
• Sympathetic ophthalmia. It is formed as a result of a penetrating wound in the neighboring eye and is accompanied by non-purulent, sluggish inflammation. It is observed some time (up to 2 months) after the injury. Primary symptoms include photophobia, mild tenderness, and conjunctival vascular injection.
• Decreased optical abilities of the eye.
• Sepsis(infection in the blood, intoxication of the whole body).
• Ptosis of the eyelid ().
• Brain abscess(purulent accumulations in the skull).
• Loss of an eye.

Additional Information. With severe burns and severe penetrating wounds, there is a high probability of immediate loss of vision.

Prevention

• Use of personal protective equipment under harmful and dangerous working conditions.
• Careful use of dangerous objects.
• Careful handling of chemicals.
• High-quality face and eye care products.
• Compliance with personal hygiene rules and reception.

Next article.

Evgeniya asks:

Good afternoon In December I had an eye injury from a blow. There was severe swelling, bruising, etc. Now everything has passed, but the left eye seems to be deeper now than the right. Everything is fine with vision, but such symmetry worries me, will it be possible to fix this somehow?

With such an injury, it is necessary to take an x-ray of the orbit of the injured eye to exclude damage to the bones of the skull and orbital structures. If such an examination was carried out and no damage was detected, it is possible that the process of resorption in the deeper layers has not yet been completed; observe for a month. But remember, an examination by a specialist is better than an in-person consultation.

Artem asks:

Hello, a piece of wire got into the eye, 2 cm long sticks out under the pupil, the eye can no longer see. What consequences? Interested in whether to save the eye or vision? Thank you.

General doctor

Hello, whether it will be possible to save the eye and vision is no longer known. If you had gone to a doctor right away, your chances would have been much higher. However, you still need to immediately call an ambulance and go to the surgical ophthalmology department, since we may already be talking about saving the vision of a healthy eye! If you don’t want to go completely blind, seek medical help immediately!

Alexandra asks:

Hello, my mother fell and hit her eye on the railing. There is no way to call an ambulance or go to the clinic (all the roads are covered in snow). Symptoms: the place of impact hurts and when the eyelid rises, “sparks from the eyes” even though 2.5 hours have passed. Tell me what to do and how it could turn out. Thank you.

Hello, Alexandra. Gently lift the upper eyelid and examine the eye. If the integrity of the eye is preserved and there is objective vision, then bed rest is necessary, followed by a visit to an ophthalmologist. If the eye is injured and vision is very poor, then be sure to find an opportunity to urgently contact an ophthalmologist! I wish your mother recovery!

Julia asks:

Hello! Please tell me, yesterday something got into my eye (most likely lint), I saw it under the upper eyelid. I started rubbing my eye very hard from above and below the eyeball, scratched with my fingernail, you could say I was picking. The eye from below turned red, and when it hurts from above you blink. My vision has not deteriorated, but I feel discomfort. I’m very afraid, tell me what to do? Thanks in advance

Prayer Oksana Vasilievna answers:

ophthalmologist of the highest category

Good afternoon. If the foreign body sensation persists, then you should go to an ophthalmologist. He will invert the eyelid and remove any foreign body, if present, under the upper eyelid. Perhaps they also damaged the cornea when they tried to pull out the foreign body and that is why there is pain. If you live in Kyiv, go to the emergency room at the Alexander Hospital (open 24 hours a day).

Evgeniya asks:

Hello, I would like to contact you with my problem, maybe tell me what it could be, because my ophthalmologist cannot identify the cause. For half a year now, every day the right eye is red in the corner to the nose, while the second eye is absolutely bright, there are days when it’s really very red, and sometimes it’s slightly red, it looks like burst blood vessels. What could it be and how can it be cured? Thanks in advance.

Kozina Ekaterina Nikolaevna answers:

Ophthalmologist of the highest category

Hello, be sure to use artificial tears in gel form - Gelt Vidisik, Korneregel, Oftagel. Find out what causes your eyes to become red. Do not use vasoconstrictor drugs such as Visine under any circumstances. If your doctor cannot figure out the cause of the redness, ask for a referral to a specialized eye department for consultation.

Miroslav asks:

Hello, what should I do in the forest, I was hit in the eye by a branch after that, one eye doubled, there was almost no pain at first, my eyes were watering now, now it’s not, about four hours have passed since the incident, there is no foreign body in the form of knots, no hemorrhage is visible either, the blow fell in the corner of the eye closer to the nose .

Prayer Oksana Vasilievna answers:

ophthalmologist of the highest category

Miroslav, good afternoon! Instill at least: floxal (tobrex, ciprofloxacin) 5-6 times a day + corneregel 3-4 times a day. If there is no improvement on the 2-3rd day, see an ophthalmologist. If the dynamics are positive, instill these drops and gel for 5 days, then replace floxal with oftamirin (okomistin) and drip 3-4 times a day for another 5-7 days, and korneregel 2-3 times a day.

Tatiana asks:

In 1998, there was an injury to the left eye, the eye cannot see - the diagnosis was vitreous opacification, then a cataract formed. In 2002, the lens was removed for cosmetic purposes. After this, the color of the eye changed - it became brown, and the other one was green, now causing discomfort. And the patient’s eye became smaller. I live in a rural area and there is no ophthalmologist. I am 26 years old to keep my eyes hunting and what to do with color.

Elena Stanislavovna Prokhvachova answers:

Ophthalmologist of the first category

Hello Tatiana. An injured eye can pose a threat to a healthy eye, which may develop the so-called. sympathetic inflammation. If the eye is blind and inflamed, then you need to part with it; if your vision is preserved, you need to treat it. If you are concerned about the difference in eye color, then there are colored cosmetic lenses to eliminate this deficiency.

Elena asks:

Hello. While separating my eyelashes, I accidentally got a needle in my eye. The only symptom is pain in the eye when blinking. Is there a remedy for healing and pain relief?

Prayer Oksana Vasilievna answers:

ophthalmologist of the highest category

Most likely, the cornea was slightly damaged, which is why there is pain. Drip oftamirin (or okomistin) and thiotrizoline 5-6 times a day with an interval of 5-7 minutes between drops, and drip corneregel (or solcoseryl ophthalmic jelly) at night; and so on for 5-7 days. Then leave the thiotriozoline for another week 3-4 times a day. If you do not feel any improvement within 2-3 days, see an ophthalmologist.

Marianna asks:

Hello! I have the following question. 2.5 months ago I was hit on the left side of the head, they diagnosed me with a concussion, and since then I have had a problem with my eyes, especially my left eye. It has been festering with me ever since and narrows. It’s starting to look bad for them. I’d really like to know what it is.

The Medical Consultant of the portal “health-ua.org” answers:

General doctor

Hello Marianna! Problems with the eye (purulent discharge) are not necessarily related to a concussion suffered 2.5 months ago, although decreased visual acuity may be a consequence of traumatic brain injury. You are unlikely to be able to cope with the problem on your own, so you should contact an ophthalmologist and neurologist for an in-person appointment. Take care of your health!

Daria asks:

As a result of the accident, the airbag deployed and hit my right eye, immediately there was just redness. The next day there were no signs, the eye saw well, the redness went away. Three days later, the sharpness in the eye disappeared, I went to the doctor, he said that he did not see any obvious changes and was selling glasses. Will my vision be restored?

Elena Stanislavovna Prokhvachova answers:

Ophthalmologist of the first category

Hello, Daria. Be sure to contact a specialized ophthalmology clinic to clarify the diagnosis. It is necessary to examine the vitreous body, retina (using OCT), and measure intraocular pressure. Hurry up! The sooner the correct diagnosis is made and adequate treatment is prescribed, the greater the chance of complete vision restoration!

Andrey asks:

Hello, I got into a fight, received a blow just above the jaw on the right and under the left eye, there was a small tear in the soft tissue above the jaw under the eye on the right, there were practically no bruises or swelling, there was little noticeable blueness under the eyes, there was difficulty breathing in the right nostril , after a day, discomfort appeared when the gaze was deviated to the side, double vision began, and the more you deviated the gaze to the side, the more it doubled, the gap healed on the 2nd day, I applied “traxovasin” ointment under the eyes at night. I went to the ophthalmologist 5 days after the injury, she looked at me, prescribed drops, checked my vision in the left eye, and began to see a little worse in the right. Tell me, does vision recover over time? And will the double vision go away? Thank you in advance. P.S. Previously, I had also suffered eye injuries, a muscle was damaged, there had been double vision before, but the difference was not so strong.

Elena Stanislavovna Prokhvachova answers:

Ophthalmologist of the first category

Hello Andrei. In your case, additional research and consultations with specialists are needed - ENT and maxillofacial surgeon, computed tomography of the brain. In order to predict an improvement in the condition, it is necessary to see the reasons that caused these changes (hematoma in the orbit, skull fractures, etc.). I wish a speedy recovery!

Alexey asks:

Good day! Yesterday an injury happened - the kitten jumped right on the open eye. At first the eye hurt and all objects became blurry. I thought it would go away after resting, but the next day everything remained the same. Now, all the letters appear blurry and not clear. Should I see a doctor or should such injuries heal on their own?

Prayer Oksana Vasilievna answers:

ophthalmologist of the highest category

Worth it to determine the depth of eye damage. But from the complaints we can conclude that the cornea is affected. Therefore, the minimum you should apply is: a/b eye drops, for example, floxal, tobrex, normax, ciprofloxacin, etc. 4-5 times a day for 5-7 days and hilo-kea or corneregel 4-5 times a day. If it doesn't get better on the 3rd day, see an ophthalmologist.

Aidin asks:

Hello. Please tell me how you can speed up the process of resorption of blood in the eye, after a fight there is hemorrhage, is there any way to speed it up? Thank you.

The Medical Consultant of the portal “health-ua.org” answers:

General doctor

Hello Aydin! Hemorrhage in the tissue of the eye is not only an annoying cosmetic defect - it is dangerous for vision. Therefore, treatment aimed at resolving the consequences of hemorrhage in the eye should be prescribed by an ophthalmologist after he has examined the eye and made sure that the eye injury will not lead to the development of severe complications. Take care of your health!

Inna asks:

Good afternoon. A child stepped on my eye with his heel. It seemed to me that something crunched. What to do? There are no normal doctors

Prayer Oksana Vasilievna answers:

ophthalmologist of the highest category

Good afternoon. I don’t agree with you: doctors are people too, but you won’t argue that there are no normal people. But the family is not without its freaks. In your situation, pay attention to the presence of crepitus (crackling) when pressing on the skin around the eye. Take an x-ray of the orbit in 2 projections. If you have any doubts, still consult an ophthalmologist.

Ksenia asks:

Good afternoon. Such situation. I hit my eye with my fingernail. At the site of contact (the left side of the eye (white)) a blood spot formed. That was 10 minutes ago. Vision has not deteriorated. Does not cause painful sensations. The eye watered for the first 3-4 minutes. What to do?

Prayer Oksana Vasilievna answers:

ophthalmologist of the highest category

In such cases, you should apply disinfectant drops, ex. Okomistin, and apply something cold to the eye to stop the bleeding. Then, for 3-5 days, you can continue to drip Okomistin 4-5 times a day and add thiotriozoline 3-4 times a day and Korneregel at night. If the discomfort does not decrease, you should visit an ophthalmologist.

only 46 pages

Sharp pain in the eye, accompanied by the sensation of a needle pricking the eye, occurs for a number of reasons. The main one is the development of an ophthalmological disease, which is accompanied by additional symptoms (conjunctivitis, blepharitis, etc.).

Treatment is aimed at eliminating the root cause that provoked the sharp stabbing pain in the eye. Drug treatment may be carried out, supplemented by therapy with traditional medicine. In severe cases, surgery is indicated.

1 Causes of severe pain in the eye

The eyes are sensitive and poorly protected sense organs. The nerve receptors located in them respond to many changes within the body, foreign objects and substances touching them or penetrating into them.

Various reactions may occur, but in many cases there is a sharp pain in the eye, as if from a needle prick. The discomfort may last a short period of time and be mild, but may continue for a long time with high intensity.

The factors leading to such an eye reaction are quite numerous:

• entry of foreign bodies (sometimes the help of an ophthalmologist is required to remove them);
• eye injuries;
• penetration of chemicals;
• allergic reaction;
• eye fatigue;
• incorrectly selected glasses or lenses;
• headache caused by overexertion;
• influence of external factors (strong wind, frost or heat);
• vascular obstruction;
• neurological disorders;
• development of inflammatory processes or other changes in the fundus;
• inflammatory process of the trigeminal or facial nerve;
• systemic diseases;
• dry eye syndrome.

The most common causes of tingling in the eye are ophthalmological diseases, which are characterized by the development of an inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the organ of vision:

1. 1. Barley. Formed on the inner surface of the edge of the eyelashes. The cause of the pathology is a bacterial infection.
2. 2. Conjunctivitis. A disease caused by a bacterial or viral infection.
3. 3. Blepharitis. The lesion in this pathology affects the edge of the eyelid. The cause of the development of the disease is vitamin deficiency or an inflammatory process. If the development of blepharitis is not stopped, it becomes chronic and difficult to treat.
4. 4. Astigmatism. A disease that affects the retina and interferes with the normal focusing of light rays. It is characterized by a chronic form. Progression leads to damage to the optic nerve and loss of vision.
5. 5. Keratitis. Damage to the cornea of ​​the eye. Caused by viruses or bacteria.
6. 6. Glaucoma. Irreversible defeat. The pain can be unbearable. The pathology should be treated immediately.
7. 7. Cataract. Partial or complete clouding of the lens. Develops against the background of endocrine disorders.

Why do my eyes and head hurt at the same time?

2 Symptoms

The manifestations accompanying sharp cutting pain depend on the cause that caused it. Additionally, the following symptoms may occur:

• deterioration of visual acuity;
• increased tearing or dryness;
• severe redness;
• increased sensitivity to light;
• swelling of the eyelids;
• formation of a tumor in the corner of the eye or on the eyelid;
• headaches and/or dizziness;
• general deterioration of the condition (nausea, drowsiness, irritability).

If a sharp pain in the eye, accompanied by a feeling of a needle prick from the inside, occurs once, there is no reason to worry. If such pain develops systematically, you should definitely consult a doctor.

3 Treatment

Therapy depends entirely on the root cause that provoked the discomfort:

• If sharp pain occurs due to an embedded foreign object, manipulations to remove the foreign body and restorative procedures are indicated.
• If the pain appears as a result of overwork, you will need to adjust your work schedule. The doctor will additionally prescribe eye drops that relieve tension, or special corrective glasses.

Drug treatment of eye pathologies may include such groups of drugs as:

• antihistamines (Cetrin, Suprastin, Tavegil);
• immunomodulators (Likopid, Derinat);
• antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Erythromycin, Lincomycin);
• antibacterial, antimicrobial agents (Tsiprolet, Tsipromed, Ofloxacin ointment);
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Indomethacin, Diclofenac);
• vitamin and mineral complexes;
• artificial tear preparations.

Surgery is indicated in severe cases (glaucoma, cataracts, retinal detachment). After the operation, the patient goes through a recovery period (following the doctor’s recommendations, taking medications).

The prescription of traditional medicine is carried out as an addition to the main course of treatment.