Man with a cigar. How Winston Churchill extended the life of the British Empire. Brief biography of Winston Churchill

Childhood and youth

When Churchill was eight years old, he was sent to St. George's Preparatory School. Corporal punishment was practiced at school, and Winston, who constantly violated discipline, was often subjected to it. After the nanny who regularly visited him discovered traces of defects on the boy’s body, she immediately informed his mother, and he was transferred to Thomson Sisters’ School in Brighton. Academic progress, especially after the transfer, was satisfactory, but the behavioral certification read: “The number of students in the class is 13. Place is 13th.”

In October of the same year, the regiment is sent to India and is stationed in Bangalore. Churchill reads a lot, thus trying to compensate for the lack of a university education, and becomes one of the best players in the regiment's polo team. According to the recollections of his subordinates, he conscientiously treated his officer duties and devoted a lot of time to training with soldiers and sergeants, but the routine of service weighed on him, he went on vacation to England twice (including to the celebrations on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the reign of Queen Victoria), and traveled around India, visiting Calcutta and Hyderabad.

Letters from the front lines were published by the Daily Telegraph, and at the end of the campaign, his book “The History of the Malakand Field Corps” was published in a circulation of 8,500 copies. "The Story of the Malakand Field Force" ). Due to the hasty preparation for printing, a huge number of typographical errors crept into the book; Churchill counted more than 200 typos and from then on always demanded that the publisher’s proofs be personally edited.

Having returned safely from Malakand, Churchill immediately begins to push for a trip to North Africa to cover the suppression of the Mahdist uprising in Sudan. The desire to go on another journalistic trip did not meet with the understanding of the command, and he writes directly to the Prime Minister, Lord Salisbury, honestly admitting that the motives for the trip are both the desire to cover a historical moment and the opportunity to derive personal, including financial, benefit from the publication of the book . As a result, the War Department granted the request, appointing him to the supernumerary position of lieutenant; the order of appointment specifically noted that in the event of injury or death he could not count on payments from War Department funds.

Although the rebels had numerical superiority, the allied Anglo-Egyptian army had an overwhelming technological advantage - repeating small arms, artillery, gunboats and the latest innovation of the time - Maxim machine guns. At the pitched battle of Omdurman, Churchill took part in the last cavalry charge of the British army. He himself described this episode:

I broke into a trot and galloped towards individual [opponents], shooting them in the face with a pistol, and killed several - three for sure, two unlikely, and one more very doubtful.

In his reports, he criticized the commander of the British troops, his future cabinet colleague, General Kitchener, for his cruel treatment of prisoners and wounded and for his disrespect for local customs. “He is a great general, but no one has ever accused him of being a great gentleman,” Churchill said about him in a private conversation, an apt description, however, quickly became public. Although the criticism was largely fair, the public reaction to it was ambiguous; the position of a publicist and accuser did not fit well with the official duty of a junior officer.

After the end of the campaign, Churchill returned to India to take part in a national polo tournament. During a short stop in England, he speaks several times at Conservative rallies. Almost immediately after the end of the tournament, which his team won by winning a hard-fought final match, he retired in March 1899.

Debut in politics

By the time of his resignation, Churchill had gained some fame as a journalist, and his book about the Sudan campaign, The War on the River. "The River War") became a bestseller.

Boer War

By the autumn of 1899, relations with the Boer republics had deteriorated sharply, and when in September the Transvaal and the Orange Republic rejected British proposals to enfranchise English workers in the gold mines, it became obvious that war was inevitable.

Lord Loreburn, leader of the House of Lords, publicly called the Home Secretary's actions "irresponsible and reckless."

At the same time, deteriorating relations with Germany prompted Churchill to take up foreign policy issues. From ideas and information obtained from military specialists, Churchill drew up a memorandum on the “military aspects of the continental problem” and presented it to the Prime Minister. This document was an undoubted success for Churchill. He testified that Churchill, having a very modest military education, which was given to him by the school of cavalry officers, was able to quickly and professionally understand a number of important military issues.

Expenditures on the naval forces were the largest expenditure item in the British budget. Churchill was tasked with implementing reforms while improving cost efficiency. The changes he initiated were quite large-scale: the main headquarters of the Navy was organized, naval aviation was established, new types of warships were designed and laid down. Thus, according to the original plans, the shipbuilding program of 1912 was supposed to consist of 4 improved battleships of the type "Iron Duke". However, the new First Lord of the Admiralty ordered the project to be reworked for the main caliber of 15 inches, despite the fact that the design work for the creation of such guns had not even been completed yet. As a result, very successful battleships of the type were created Queen Elizabeth, who served in the British Navy until 1948.

One of the most important decisions was the transfer of the military fleet from coal to liquid fuel. Despite the obvious advantages, the Navy Department opposed this step for a long time, for strategic reasons - coal-rich Britain had absolutely no oil reserves. To make the transition of the fleet to oil possible, Churchill initiated the allocation of 2.2 million pounds to purchase a 51% stake in the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. In addition to purely technical aspects, the decision had far-reaching political consequences - the Persian Gulf region became an area of ​​British strategic interests. The chairman of the Royal Commission on the conversion of the fleet to liquid fuel was Lord Fisher, a prominent British admiral. The joint work of Churchill and Fisher ended in May of the year due to the latter's categorical disagreement with the landing on Gallipoli.

World War I

Britain officially entered the First World War on 3 August 1914, but on 28 July, the day Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Churchill ordered the fleet to move to battle positions off the coast of England, permission to do so was obtained retrospectively from the Prime Minister .

As Chairman of the Landship Commission Landships Committee) Churchill took part in the development of the first tanks and the creation of tank forces.

Interwar period

Return to the Conservative Party

Political isolation

After the Conservatives' defeat in the 1929 elections, Churchill did not seek election to the party's governing bodies due to differences with Conservative leaders over trade tariffs and Indian independence. When Ramsay Macdonald formed a coalition government in 1931, Churchill did not receive an offer to join the cabinet.

He devoted the next few years to literary works, the most significant work of that period being Marlborough: His Life and Times. Marlborough: His Life and Times listen)) is a biography of his ancestor John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough.

In parliament, he organized the so-called “Churchill group” - a small faction within the Conservative Party. The faction opposed granting independence and even dominion status to India, and for a tougher foreign policy, in particular for more active opposition to the rearmament of Germany.

In the pre-war years, he harshly criticized the policy of appeasing Hitler pursued by the Chamberlain government and, after the Munich Agreement, said in the House of Commons:

You had a choice between war and dishonor. You chose dishonor, now you will receive war.

Original text(English)

You were given the choice between war and dishonour. You chose dishonour, and you will have war

The Second World War

Return to government

On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland and World War II began. On September 3 at 11 a.m., the United Kingdom officially entered the war, and within 10 days the entire British Commonwealth. On the same day, Winston Churchill was asked to take up the post of First Lord of the Admiralty with voting rights on the War Council. There is a legend that, having learned about this, the ships of the British Navy and naval bases exchanged a message with the text: “Winston is back.”

Although there were no active hostilities on land after the defeat of the Polish army and the capitulation of Poland, the so-called “strange war” was going on; combat operations at sea almost immediately entered the active phase.

Prime Minister

Anti-Hitler coalition

After the war

On January 1, 1946, the King presented Churchill with the honorary Order of Merit (which only 24 people have been awarded) and offers to make him a Knight of the Order of the Garter (Churchill refuses).

Most famous performances

Churchill's speech in the House of Commons about Stalin

Russia was very lucky that when it was in its death throes, it had such a tough military leader at its head. This is an outstanding personality, suitable for harsh times. The man is inexhaustibly brave, powerful, direct in his actions and even rude in his statements... However, he retained a sense of humor, which is very important for all people and nations, and especially for great people and great nations. Stalin also impressed me with his cool wisdom, in the complete absence of any illusions. I hope I have made him believe that we will be faithful and reliable comrades in this war - but this, after all, is proven by deeds, not words.

Original text(English)

It is very fortunate for Russia in her agony to have this great rugged war chief at her head. He is a man of massive outstanding personality, suited to the sombre and stormy times in wich his life has been cast; a man of inexhaustible courage and will-power and a man direct and even blunt in speech … Above all, he is a man with that saving sense of humor which is of high importance to all men and all nations, but particularly to great men and great nations. Stalin also left upon me the impression of a deep, cool wisdom and complete absence of illusions of any kind. I believe I made him feel that we were good and faithful comrades in this war - but this, after all, is a matter which deeds not words will prove.

This statement becomes more understandable when compared with the following (from a radio speech on June 22, 1941):

If Hitler invades hell, I will at least present the House of Commons with a positive account of the devil.

Original text(English)

If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favorable reference to the devil in the House of Commons.

A similar speech by Churchill about Stalin in the House of Commons on December 21, 1959 is often quoted, the authenticity of which has been questioned by some researchers. A number of researchers consider this speech to be a hoax, since its original was not discovered on the specified date.

In early November 1945, Churchill gave a speech in the House of Commons in which he said, in part:

I personally cannot feel anything other than the greatest admiration for this truly great man, the father of his country, who ruled the destiny of his country in times of peace and a victorious defender in times of war. Even if we had strong disagreements with the Soviet Government regarding many political aspects - political, social and even, as we think, moral - then in England no mood should be allowed to exist that could disrupt or weaken these great ties between the two. our peoples, the connections which constituted our glory and security during the period of recent terrible convulsions.

On October 9, 1954, in a speech before the Conservative Party Conference, Peace Through Strength, he said:

Stalin was the dictator of Russia for many years, and the more I studied his career, the more shocked I became at the terrible mistakes he made and the extreme cruelty with which he acted towards the people and the masses. Stalin was our ally in the fight against Hitler when Russia was attacked, but when Hitler was destroyed, Stalin became our main threat.

After our common victory, it became obvious that his actions had once again divided the world. Apparently, he was driven by dreams of world domination. He turned a third of Europe into a satellite of the Soviet Union by imposing communism on them. It was an unfortunate event after everything we had been through.
But it’s already been a year since Stalin died - this is certain, and since then I have cherished the hope that a new perspective is opening up here for Russia, a new hope for peaceful coexistence with the Russian people, and it is our duty to patiently and courageously make sure that there is a chance here, or not.

Original text(English)

Stalin was for many years Dictator of Russia and the more I have studied his career the more I am shocked by the terrible mistakes he made and the utter ruthlessness he showed to men and masses with whom he acted. Stalin was our ally against Hitler when Russia was invaded but when Hitler was destroyed Stalin made himself our principal object of dread. After our victory joint certain became his conduct divided the world again. He seemed to be carried away by his dream of world domination. He actually reduced a third of Europe to a Soviet satellite condition under compulsory communism. These were heartbreaking events after all we have gone through. But a year ago Stalin died - that is certain - and ever since that event I have cherished the hope that there"s new outlook in Russia, a new hope of peaceful co-existence with the Russian nation and that it is our duty patiently and daringly to make sure whether there is such a chance or not.

Fulton speech

Notes

Links

• D. Medvedev. Churchill: Private life. M. "RIPOL Classic Publishing House", 2008, ISBN 978-5-386-00897-0
• N. Rose. Churchill. Fast paced life. lane E. F. Levinoy, M. "Publishing House Ast", 2004, ISBN 5-17-014478-4
• Never Give In! The Best of Winston Churchill's Speeches. (Selected Speeches of Churchill), Hyperion, NY, 2003, ISBN 0-7868-8870-9
• R.Holmes,In the Footsteps of Churchill. Basic Books, NY, 2005, ISBN 0-465-03082-3

140 years ago, on November 30, 1874, Winston Churchill was born, and contrary to popular belief, he was not born in a women's restroom, and most likely, at full term.
This is one of the most common tales regarding the great Briton, they say: “Winston Churchill was born at seven months old during a ball at Blenheim Palace, in the women's restroom (option: in the ladies' dressing room on coats piled in a heap).” As with most tales, there is a mixture of fact and fiction.

“And they teased me as a ‘premature baby,’ even though I was born at normal term” (c) Vysotsky

Winston Churchill's parents married on April 15, 1874, after eight months of engagement and long negotiations regarding the financial aspects of this, one of the first weddings of British titles and American money. In the early autumn of 1874, the newlyweds settled in Blenheim Palace, the family estate of the Dukes of Marlborough, where they planned to give birth to their first child.

State Room of Blenheim Palace

On Sunday, November 29, the next annual St. Andrew's Ball was supposed to take place at Blenheim Palace, which they decided not to cancel due to Lady Churchill's pregnancy. And naturally, the hostess of the ball was present at it, although there is no reliable information that she danced pirouettes there.
The party was not yet over when Lady Churchill felt labor pains and they tried to take her to her own bedroom. But the pain was so severe that they decided to place the woman in labor in the room with a bed closest to the ballroom.

Winston Churchill was born in this room

Currently, Blenheim Palace is open to tourists, who are also shown the room where Winston Churchill was born. It once belonged to the chaplains of the Dukes of Marlborough, and although modest, it has a completely decent appearance. There is a bed in the center and there is nothing resembling a women's changing room/wardrobe/restroom/toilet.
And it’s unlikely that on that significant evening of November 30, 1874, this room was used as a dressing room, where guests piled up their furs, muffs and boas (on which Lady Randolph Churchill allegedly gave birth). The tea palace of the Dukes of Marlborough is not the Palace of Culture of the Plant named after. Malysheva".

Seven-year-old Winnie Churchill. Cute boys often grow into guys who are far from handsome

Moreover, she gave birth to her Winnie (as Winston Churchill was affectionately called even in old age) at 1:30 a.m., and by that time the guests had long left. And in the morning, the London Times notified the public: “On November 30, at Blenheim Palace, Lady Randolph Churchill gave birth prematurely to her son,” although many of the Times did not believe it.
One of Churchill’s biographers, G. Pelling, formulated these doubts in a gentlemanly manner: “We cannot say for sure whether Winston’s early birth was due to his own haste, or whether it was Lord Randolph’s haste.” Everyone knows that in sanctimonious Victorian England, premarital sex was condemned, which did not stop the English from debauchery before marriage left and right (usually left).

Childhood and youth

When Churchill was eight years old, he was sent to St. George's Preparatory School. Corporal punishment was practiced at school, and Winston, who constantly violated discipline, was often subjected to it. After the nanny who regularly visited him discovered traces of defects on the boy’s body, she immediately informed his mother, and he was transferred to Thomson Sisters’ School in Brighton. Academic progress, especially after the transfer, was satisfactory, but the behavioral certification read: “The number of students in the class is 13. Place is 13th.”

In October of the same year, the regiment is sent to India and is stationed in Bangalore. Churchill reads a lot, thus trying to compensate for the lack of a university education, and becomes one of the best players in the regiment's polo team. According to the recollections of his subordinates, he conscientiously treated his officer duties and devoted a lot of time to training with soldiers and sergeants, but the routine of service weighed on him, he went on vacation to England twice (including to the celebrations on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the reign of Queen Victoria), and traveled around India, visiting Calcutta and Hyderabad.

Letters from the front lines were published by the Daily Telegraph, and at the end of the campaign, his book “The History of the Malakand Field Corps” was published in a circulation of 8,500 copies. "The Story of the Malakand Field Force" ). Due to the hasty preparation for printing, a huge number of typographical errors crept into the book; Churchill counted more than 200 typos and from then on always demanded that the publisher’s proofs be personally edited.

Having returned safely from Malakand, Churchill immediately begins to push for a trip to North Africa to cover the suppression of the Mahdist uprising in Sudan. The desire to go on another journalistic trip did not meet with the understanding of the command, and he writes directly to the Prime Minister, Lord Salisbury, honestly admitting that the motives for the trip are both the desire to cover a historical moment and the opportunity to derive personal, including financial, benefit from the publication of the book . As a result, the War Department granted the request, appointing him to the supernumerary position of lieutenant; the order of appointment specifically noted that in the event of injury or death he could not count on payments from War Department funds.

Although the rebels had numerical superiority, the allied Anglo-Egyptian army had an overwhelming technological advantage - repeating small arms, artillery, gunboats and the latest innovation of the time - Maxim machine guns. At the pitched battle of Omdurman, Churchill took part in the last cavalry charge of the British army. He himself described this episode:

I broke into a trot and galloped towards individual [opponents], shooting them in the face with a pistol, and killed several - three for sure, two unlikely, and one more very doubtful.

In his reports, he criticized the commander of the British troops, his future cabinet colleague, General Kitchener, for his cruel treatment of prisoners and wounded and for his disrespect for local customs. “He is a great general, but no one has ever accused him of being a great gentleman,” Churchill said about him in a private conversation, an apt description, however, quickly became public. Although the criticism was largely fair, the public reaction to it was ambiguous; the position of a publicist and accuser did not fit well with the official duty of a junior officer.

After the end of the campaign, Churchill returned to India to take part in a national polo tournament. During a short stop in England, he speaks several times at Conservative rallies. Almost immediately after the end of the tournament, which his team won by winning a hard-fought final match, he retired in March 1899.

Debut in politics

By the time of his resignation, Churchill had gained some fame as a journalist, and his book about the Sudan campaign, The War on the River. "The River War") became a bestseller.

Boer War

By the autumn of 1899, relations with the Boer republics had deteriorated sharply, and when in September the Transvaal and the Orange Republic rejected British proposals to enfranchise English workers in the gold mines, it became obvious that war was inevitable.

Lord Loreburn, leader of the House of Lords, publicly called the Home Secretary's actions "irresponsible and reckless."

At the same time, deteriorating relations with Germany prompted Churchill to take up foreign policy issues. From ideas and information obtained from military specialists, Churchill drew up a memorandum on the “military aspects of the continental problem” and presented it to the Prime Minister. This document was an undoubted success for Churchill. He testified that Churchill, having a very modest military education, which was given to him by the school of cavalry officers, was able to quickly and professionally understand a number of important military issues.

Expenditures on the naval forces were the largest expenditure item in the British budget. Churchill was tasked with implementing reforms while improving cost efficiency. The changes he initiated were quite large-scale: the main headquarters of the Navy was organized, naval aviation was established, new types of warships were designed and laid down. Thus, according to the original plans, the shipbuilding program of 1912 was supposed to consist of 4 improved battleships of the type "Iron Duke". However, the new First Lord of the Admiralty ordered the project to be reworked for the main caliber of 15 inches, despite the fact that the design work for the creation of such guns had not even been completed yet. As a result, very successful battleships of the type were created Queen Elizabeth, who served in the British Navy until 1948.

One of the most important decisions was the transfer of the military fleet from coal to liquid fuel. Despite the obvious advantages, the Navy Department opposed this step for a long time, for strategic reasons - coal-rich Britain had absolutely no oil reserves. To make the transition of the fleet to oil possible, Churchill initiated the allocation of 2.2 million pounds to purchase a 51% stake in the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. In addition to purely technical aspects, the decision had far-reaching political consequences - the Persian Gulf region became an area of ​​British strategic interests. The chairman of the Royal Commission on the conversion of the fleet to liquid fuel was Lord Fisher, a prominent British admiral. The joint work of Churchill and Fisher ended in May of the year due to the latter's categorical disagreement with the landing on Gallipoli.

World War I

Britain officially entered the First World War on 3 August 1914, but on 28 July, the day Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Churchill ordered the fleet to move to battle positions off the coast of England, permission to do so was obtained retrospectively from the Prime Minister .

As Chairman of the Landship Commission Landships Committee) Churchill took part in the development of the first tanks and the creation of tank forces.

Interwar period

Return to the Conservative Party

Political isolation

After the Conservatives' defeat in the 1929 elections, Churchill did not seek election to the party's governing bodies due to differences with Conservative leaders over trade tariffs and Indian independence. When Ramsay Macdonald formed a coalition government in 1931, Churchill did not receive an offer to join the cabinet.

He devoted the next few years to literary works, the most significant work of that period being Marlborough: His Life and Times. Marlborough: His Life and Times listen)) is a biography of his ancestor John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough.

In parliament, he organized the so-called “Churchill group” - a small faction within the Conservative Party. The faction opposed granting independence and even dominion status to India, and for a tougher foreign policy, in particular for more active opposition to the rearmament of Germany.

In the pre-war years, he harshly criticized the policy of appeasing Hitler pursued by the Chamberlain government and, after the Munich Agreement, said in the House of Commons:

You had a choice between war and dishonor. You chose dishonor, now you will receive war.

Original text(English)

You were given the choice between war and dishonour. You chose dishonour, and you will have war

The Second World War

Return to government

On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland and World War II began. On September 3 at 11 a.m., the United Kingdom officially entered the war, and within 10 days the entire British Commonwealth. On the same day, Winston Churchill was asked to take up the post of First Lord of the Admiralty with voting rights on the War Council. There is a legend that, having learned about this, the ships of the British Navy and naval bases exchanged a message with the text: “Winston is back.”

Although there were no active hostilities on land after the defeat of the Polish army and the capitulation of Poland, the so-called “strange war” was going on; combat operations at sea almost immediately entered the active phase.

Prime Minister

Anti-Hitler coalition

After the war

On January 1, 1946, the King presented Churchill with the honorary Order of Merit (which only 24 people have been awarded) and offers to make him a Knight of the Order of the Garter (Churchill refuses).

Most famous performances

Churchill's speech in the House of Commons about Stalin

Russia was very lucky that when it was in its death throes, it had such a tough military leader at its head. This is an outstanding personality, suitable for harsh times. The man is inexhaustibly brave, powerful, direct in his actions and even rude in his statements... However, he retained a sense of humor, which is very important for all people and nations, and especially for great people and great nations. Stalin also impressed me with his cool wisdom, in the complete absence of any illusions. I hope I have made him believe that we will be faithful and reliable comrades in this war - but this, after all, is proven by deeds, not words.

Original text(English)

It is very fortunate for Russia in her agony to have this great rugged war chief at her head. He is a man of massive outstanding personality, suited to the sombre and stormy times in wich his life has been cast; a man of inexhaustible courage and will-power and a man direct and even blunt in speech … Above all, he is a man with that saving sense of humor which is of high importance to all men and all nations, but particularly to great men and great nations. Stalin also left upon me the impression of a deep, cool wisdom and complete absence of illusions of any kind. I believe I made him feel that we were good and faithful comrades in this war - but this, after all, is a matter which deeds not words will prove.

This statement becomes more understandable when compared with the following (from a radio speech on June 22, 1941):

If Hitler invades hell, I will at least present the House of Commons with a positive account of the devil.

Original text(English)

If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favorable reference to the devil in the House of Commons.

A similar speech by Churchill about Stalin in the House of Commons on December 21, 1959 is often quoted, the authenticity of which has been questioned by some researchers. A number of researchers consider this speech to be a hoax, since its original was not discovered on the specified date.

In early November 1945, Churchill gave a speech in the House of Commons in which he said, in part:

I personally cannot feel anything other than the greatest admiration for this truly great man, the father of his country, who ruled the destiny of his country in times of peace and a victorious defender in times of war. Even if we had strong disagreements with the Soviet Government regarding many political aspects - political, social and even, as we think, moral - then in England no mood should be allowed to exist that could disrupt or weaken these great ties between the two. our peoples, the connections which constituted our glory and security during the period of recent terrible convulsions.

On October 9, 1954, in a speech before the Conservative Party Conference, Peace Through Strength, he said:

Stalin was the dictator of Russia for many years, and the more I studied his career, the more shocked I became at the terrible mistakes he made and the extreme cruelty with which he acted towards the people and the masses. Stalin was our ally in the fight against Hitler when Russia was attacked, but when Hitler was destroyed, Stalin became our main threat.

After our common victory, it became obvious that his actions had once again divided the world. Apparently, he was driven by dreams of world domination. He turned a third of Europe into a satellite of the Soviet Union by imposing communism on them. It was an unfortunate event after everything we had been through.
But it’s already been a year since Stalin died - this is certain, and since then I have cherished the hope that a new perspective is opening up here for Russia, a new hope for peaceful coexistence with the Russian people, and it is our duty to patiently and courageously make sure that there is a chance here, or not.

Original text(English)

Stalin was for many years Dictator of Russia and the more I have studied his career the more I am shocked by the terrible mistakes he made and the utter ruthlessness he showed to men and masses with whom he acted. Stalin was our ally against Hitler when Russia was invaded but when Hitler was destroyed Stalin made himself our principal object of dread. After our victory joint certain became his conduct divided the world again. He seemed to be carried away by his dream of world domination. He actually reduced a third of Europe to a Soviet satellite condition under compulsory communism. These were heartbreaking events after all we have gone through. But a year ago Stalin died - that is certain - and ever since that event I have cherished the hope that there"s new outlook in Russia, a new hope of peaceful co-existence with the Russian nation and that it is our duty patiently and daringly to make sure whether there is such a chance or not.

Fulton speech

Notes

Links

• D. Medvedev. Churchill: Private life. M. "RIPOL Classic Publishing House", 2008, ISBN 978-5-386-00897-0
• N. Rose. Churchill. Fast paced life. lane E. F. Levinoy, M. "Publishing House Ast", 2004, ISBN 5-17-014478-4
• Never Give In! The Best of Winston Churchill's Speeches. (Selected Speeches of Churchill), Hyperion, NY, 2003, ISBN 0-7868-8870-9
• R.Holmes,In the Footsteps of Churchill. Basic Books, NY, 2005, ISBN 0-465-03082-3

Winston Churchill's brief biography of the Prime Minister, political and statesman of Great Britain is presented in this article.

Winston Churchill short biography

Born on November 30, 1874 in Blenheim, Oxfordshire into a wealthy and influential family. Until the age of 8, he was raised by a nanny, and then he studied at school in Barighton.

Churchill studied at the prestigious Harrow School, where he acquired excellent fencing skills. At the age of 19, he entered Sandhurst Royal Military College, after which he went to serve in South India.

He did not serve long in the hussar regiment - he was sent to Cuba. There Winston was a war correspondent, publishing articles. Then he went on a military operation to suppress the uprising of the Pashtun tribes. At the end of hostilities, Churchill’s book “The History of the Malakand Field Corps” was published. The next campaign in which Churchill took part was the suppression of the uprising in Sudan.

When Churchill retired, he was known as an excellent journalist. In 1899 he unsuccessfully ran for parliament. Then, while participating in the Anglo-Boer War, he was captured, but was able to escape from the camp.

In 1900 he was elected to the House of Commons as a Conservative. At the same time, Churchill’s novel “Savrola” was published. In December 1905, if we consider Churchill’s brief biography, he took the post of Deputy Secretary of State for Colonial Affairs.

In 1908, Churchill met his future wife, Clementine Hozier. They got married that same year, and the couple subsequently had five children.

In 1910 he became Home Secretary and in 1911 First Lord of the Admiralty. In 1919, he received the post of Minister of War and Minister of Aviation. In the 1920s, Churchill worked mainly in parliament, holding various positions, and was interested in painting. In 1924 he again entered the House of Commons. In the same year he became Chancellor of the Exchequer. After the elections of 1931, he founded his own faction within the Conservative Party.

Churchill was elected Prime Minister of Great Britain twice. The first time at the age of 65, and the second time at the age of 77, when power returned to the Conservatives in 1952. During his tenure as Prime Minister, in 1941, Great Britain signed an agreement with the USSR on joint action against Nazi Germany. Then the Atlantic Charter was signed with the United States, which the Soviet Union later joined. In 1953, Queen Elizabeth herself awarded the politician a knighthood, and he became Winston Churchill. At the same time he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Whiston Churchill first saw the light on November 30, 1874, he was the first-born in the family of Lord Andolf Churchill and became famous by becoming one of the best politicians in Great Britain of the 20th century.

He received his first education at a private privileged school in England, Harrow School, this school was considered one of the oldest boys' schools in the old world, he began studying there at the age of 12.

Then in 1893, young Churchill entered Sandhurst King's College. After studying there for 3 years, in October 1896 he entered service in Bangalore.

Serving in South India, as part of the Malakand Army team, he suppresses the Pashtun uprising. Service in this detachment and participation in military operations greatly influenced Churchill; in 1898 he wrote and published his first under the title “The Malakand Armed Forces”.

She brought success to the newly minted writer and not a bad fee. Whiston Churchill becomes a war correspondent for the Morning Post and insists on his transfer to Egypt to join the British military unit for the armed suppression of the rebellion in Sudan. He will share his impressions with readers in the two-volume work River War."

In 1899, Churchill left military service and ran for parliament. No matter how sorry he was that he lost his first elections, he was supported by the Conservative Party. Finding the strength in himself, he goes to South Africa as a military correspondent for the Morning Post newspaper, and in the fall of 1899 the Anglo-Boer War begins.

During the hostilities, Churchill was captured on November 15, 1899. He was captured by Louis Both, who would later occupy a high post in the Union of South Africa. After his captivity, Churchill lectured in the United States and, with the money he earned, began his own political career in England.

In 1900 he became a Conservative and Member of Parliament for Lancashire. One day, while taking part in an election campaign in the Scottish town of Dundee, he meets the daughter of a retired army officer and a close relative of Countess Airlie, Clementine Hozier. They were married on September 12 of the same year.

Churchill was lucky in his family life; he had a very happy one. In this marriage, children appeared - son Randolph and daughters Diana, Sarah, Marigold and Mary. Becoming First Lord of the Admiralty in 1911, he led Britain's navy in the First World War.

His most significant achievement in the same year was the creation of the Royal Air Force of Britain. Having appreciated his services to his homeland in 1919, Whiston Churchill was appointed Minister of War and Minister of the Air Force, and already in 1921 Minister of Colonial Affairs. He immersed himself in government work and holds various positions there, but over the years he has been passionate about painting.

In 1939, almost at the very beginning, Prime Minister Chamberlain invited Churchill to take the post of Minister of the Navy, the post that he held during. Churchill's return to this post was enthusiastically received by the people of Britain.

In May 1940, Whiston Churchill, who by that time was 65 years old, became Prime Minister of Great Britain due to the resignation of the Chamberlain government. In July 1941, the British government signed an agreement with the USSR on joint military action against Nazi Germany.

Already in August of the same year, a meeting took place between Churchill and Roosevelt, the President of the United States, which resulted in the signing of the Atlantic Charter, a little later the USSR joined them, thereby completing the creation of the Big Three. But after the victory over Nazi Germany, close relations between the allies of the anti-Hitler coalition practically ceased to exist.

The term "Iron Curtain" belongs to Churchill. In July 1945, Churchill's government resigned due to the victory of the Labor Party in the elections. But already in 1951, the Conservatives again won and Whiston Churchill was reappointed prime minister.

By that time he was already 77 years old. In April 1953, for services to his fatherland, he received the Order of the Garter, Britain's highest award, and became Sir Winston Churchill. In the same year he was awarded the Nobel Prize for his literary works. He writes and publishes his latest four-volume work entitled "History of the English-Speaking Peoples." On January 24, 1965, in London, the heart of a prominent politician, an unrivaled speaker, a talented and Whiston Churchill.