Decorative drawing of a bouquet of flowers Zhostovo trays. Summary of direct educational activities in drawing “Painting a tray with the Zhostovo pattern” in the senior group

Irina Maryenkova

Target: introducing children to features paintings of Zhostovo craft.

Tasks: teach children how to apply elements step by step Zhostovo painting. Highlight elements pattern: flowers, buds, leaves, grass. To develop in children a sense of composition and the ability to arrange beautifully pattern on the tray(paper). To cultivate interest in folk crafts, respect for the work of adults, and pride in one’s homeland.

Material: Zhostovo trays of different shapes, gouache paints, brushes No. 1, No. 3, silhouette tray, cut out of cardboard, a glass for water.

Vocabulary work: interior, dynasty, elements Zhostovo painting: "petition", "shadow", "pad", "glare", "drawing", "binding", ornament.

Preliminary work: conversations about Zhostovo painting, examination trays with Zhostovo pattern, color illustrations, reading fiction about folk crafts.

Progress.

Guys, let's come up and look at our exhibition.

The teacher examines with the children Zhostovo trays and color illustrations Zhostovo painting.

What beautiful painted ones trays made by folk craftsmen in the village Zhostovo.

Blooming land, native spaces -

Spring meadow, shady forests….

In them Zhostovo graceful patterns,

Fedoskina's epic beauty!

And I am a sprout from an age-old root,

I am the flesh and blood of the Mytishchi land.

It’s not for nothing that our land, primordial, spring-fed,

They called it the Pearl of Russia!

G. Stepanova

Yes, there are many villages in the Moscow region, but about Everyone knows Zhostovo, heard about him all over the earth. For a long time trays made from papier-mâché, but in rich houses they used metal trays. Trays have become in demand, when the drink tea appeared, and before that there were other Russian drinks, like sbiten, mead. A ritual also appeared - tea drinking.

Look at this beauty, tell me your favorite flower on these trays. Tell me the name of the flower, where it grows, describe it.

Tell me, if in a meadow we collect many flowers one at a time, what will it be called? (Bouquet).

- Listen to the poem:

Flowers of Russia gathered

Weaved into a beautiful wreath

And they are not afraid of autumn.

Chamomile hides its yellow eye

Under white eyelashes.

And the leaves are curled underneath her

Green braids.

G. Stepanova

Guys, tell me what forms trays you see?

Yes, that’s right, the variety of shapes and sizes was amazing - these are oval and square, rectangular, round, six - octagonal, and even triangular trays for corner tables.

Basically the masters cover black enamel trays, Although Zhostovo trays are red, green, blue.

And now,

answer me,

who is so beautiful

on I was drawing on the tray

and surprised everyone with flowers

what is the name of the profession of people who paint trays? (Artists).

And now, I suggest you also turn into village artists Zhostovo, do you agree? Take your jobs.

I told you the stages paintings of Zhostovo trays. First we will think over a drawing of the future pattern, since we will paint directly with a brush like real masters. Stage 1 - let's make some paintings - apply silhouettes of flowers and leaves. We will place large flowers in the center of the bouquet, and they will be surrounded by smaller flowers, and small flowers and leaves will be located at the very edges.

Stage 2 - shadow - we will apply colored shadows with the help of which our bouquet will seem voluminous.

Stage 3 - we will highlight some details and we will get a more contrasting look - this stage is called padding.

Well, let's finish our tray drawing - apply small strokes with a thin brush, draw veins and edges of leaves, mark in the center of the flowers "seeds".

Next comes the binding technique - this is when we draw blades of grass and stems into the bouquet.

And then we’ll start cleaning, this is the name for decorating the sides tray.

A physical education session is being held "Flower".

It's closed early in the morning

But it's getting closer to noon

Opens the petals

I see their beauty.

In the evening the flower again

Closes the whisk

And now he will sleep

Until the morning, like a little bird.

The hands are tightly closed, bud.

The hands are connected at the wrist, and the fingers

smoothly diverge in different directions,

resembling an open flower.

The fingers are closed, forming a closed

The hands return to their original position

position.

Place your hands under your cheek, simulating sleep.

Now, let's take our brushes and start creating. Zhostovo miracles. During the lesson, the teacher monitors the techniques drawing. Reminds children, if necessary, that large flowers are drawn with the entire bristle of the brush and the hand with the brush is at an angle, and when drawing small flowers, the brush should be held with three fingers perpendicular to the surface tray.

After tray paintings children evaluate their work.

Guys, everyone Zhostovo tray there are beautiful ones titles: "Tenderness", "Rus", "Moscow morning" and others. Come up with names for yours too trays.

ABOUT Zhostovo trays have been rumored for a long time,

The golden kupava lies on the canvas.

Blue violets in they live on trays

And dashing swallows fly here and there.

Amazing with its variety and color, splashing on a black or colored surface, the painting forms bright floral patterns, decorated with the finest details. Exquisite roses and scarlet poppies, simple daisies and touching cornflowers, pompous peonies and radiant asters are combined with unknown, but no less beautiful flowers. Birds and butterflies, various berries and fruits look lifelike on such simple and ordinary objects as trays. No matter how much you search, you will not find a single identical tray - each of them is unique! Where did such art come to us from, how are such beautiful things made, where can you take lessons in Zhostovo painting? This article will tell you about this and about the features of metal painting that are characteristic of craftsmen from Zhostovo near Moscow.

The history of lacquer painting

According to historical and archaeological data, the Chinese were the first to master the art of lacquer painting. Several thousand years ago, during the Shan Yin era, the inhabitants of China decorated everyday objects, weapons and ritual vessels with lacquer designs.

Following China, the art of varnish painting conquered the countries of Indochina, Persia and India, Japan and Korea. In each region, the technique of lacquer painting developed independently, based on the traditions of folk crafts, but also borrowing the experience of masters from other countries.

How did lacquer painting come to Russia?

European merchants in the 16th-17th centuries, trading with the countries of Southeast Asia, brought beautiful examples of painted lacquerware to their homeland. Inspired by the beauty and originality of oriental objects of various shapes and purposes, decorated with lacquer images, craftsmen from many European countries begin to make and decorate various things in the “Chinese” style.

Serious development of the production of objects decorated with lacquer painting in European countries such as Holland, England, Germany and France occurred only in the 18th century.

The Ural industrialist Nikita Akinfievich Demidov traveled extensively throughout Europe, where he became interested in the idea of ​​varnish painting. In 1778, in the Urals, in Nizhny Tagil, the trade of Ural flower painting on metal began to emerge.

The emergence of Zhostovo varnish painting on metal

Metal chests and trays, jugs and buckets, made in the Urals and decorated with lacquer painting, as well as other everyday items were sold not only at the local Irbit and Krestovskaya fairs, but also at the All-Russian Makaryevskaya Fair in Nizhny Novgorod.

Perhaps it was the products of the Ural craftsmen seen here that inspired the Vishnyakov brothers to varnish painting metal trays. Since 1825, the Vishnyakov family business has developed mainly as varnish painting of various papier-mâché products - snuff boxes, cigarette cases, albums, crackers and boxes.

Since 1830, most of the workshops located in the villages of the Trinity volost, such as Troitskoye, Khlebnikovo and Zhostovo, stopped making objects from papier-mâché, and switched to the production and painting of metal trays.

The proximity to the capital allowed the fishery to do without intermediaries and have a constant sales market, as well as purchase the necessary materials at reasonable prices.

History of the development of the fishery

Starting from the 30s of the 19th century, metal trays began to be made and decorated with varnish in almost all surrounding villages. At this time, Zhostovo painting was at the peak of its popularity. In the post-revolutionary years, the demand for the products of Zhostovo artists sharply decreased, which led to the unification of disparate artists into small professional artels.

In 1928, all small artels from Troitsky, Novosiltsev, Zhostovo and other surrounding villages united into a specialized artel “Metalpodnos” with a management center in Zhostovo.

The most difficult time for Zhostovo painting, as for most other folk crafts, was the 40-50s of the last century. It was at this time that the production of trays decreased significantly, but the production of children's goods unusual for the trade increased several times. Zhostovo painting for children consists of small wooden and metal trays, buckets and shovels, decorated with individual elements.

Modern history

Khrushchev's “thaw” brought positive changes to the life of the fishery. In 1960, the Metallopodnos artel was reorganized and received its current name - the Zhostovo Decorative Painting Factory. Attention from the government, active joint work of craftsmen and scientists, participation in various domestic and foreign exhibitions allowed the fishery to emerge from a long-term crisis.

Features of formation

As already mentioned, Zhostovo painting developed under the influence of Ural flower painting on metal. But Zhostovo craftsmen, who initially processed and decorated various objects made of papier-mâché, managed to transfer all their technological discoveries to metal trays. For their primers, they used their own compositions, as well as special copal varnishes.

The nearby center of Lukutinsky lacquer miniatures had no less influence on the development of the craft. The further stylistic development of Zhostovo painting was influenced by Rostov enamel and floral motifs of Ivanovo chintz, as well as painting on porcelain, carried out in factories near Moscow.

What and how are trays made from?

Modern Zhostovo trays are produced in two ways: stamping and forging.

Blanks for trays of standard shapes and sizes are made from ordinary sheet iron using special mechanical presses. Then, on an electric press, using special molds and a combined stamp, the edges are rolled up - beading. To make the sides of the tray rigid, they are rolled.

Artists of Zhostovo painting can work not only with standard forms of trays. There are 26 standard forms to choose from, from which the most appropriate one is selected. Then, if it is unique, a farrier (blacksmith) gets to work making a forged tray. To do this, a bracket is cut out of several metal sheets using hand scissors, which is subsequently, under the influence of a hammer, pulled out and knocked out. When rolling, a special wire is inserted into the edges of the tray, which ensures its strength, and then the edge itself is leveled with a hammer.

How are trays prepared for painting?

After the trays have taken shape and have been rolled, they are primed on both sides with putty consisting of chalk diluted in drying oil. Once the primed tray has dried in a special cabinet, the master primer sands the surface with sandpaper and then applies another coat of putty. Previously, the tray was covered in two layers of black soil consisting of kaolin clay, kerosene, Dutch soot and vegetable oil. Each layer was necessarily dried and sanded. Today, the traditional priming method is no longer used, but brown factory primer applied from a spray bottle is used instead. After drying, the primed tray is puttied and dried. The putty tray is then sanded by hand with pumice.

Only after this, black turpentine-based paint is applied to the tray, and after drying again, it is coated with 2-3 layers of black oil varnish. The dried and cleaned tray is handed over to the artist for painting.

How are colored backgrounds made on trays?

The Zhostovo decorative painting factory, in addition to trays with a traditional black background, produces products with red, blue, green and light blue backgrounds. To create them, a thin layer of light varnish is applied to the surface of the tray. Until it dries, sprinkle it with bronze or aluminum powder. After the metallized background has dried, it is painted with glaze paints of the desired color, resulting in an intense and saturated, but at the same time shimmering, as if translucent, background.

Painting on a colored background requires changes in both coloristic features and technical techniques. So, the highlights are only slightly defined, and the shadows are drawn out a little.

Zhostovo trays

Zhostovo craftsmen perform painting with special squirrel brushes and oil paints diluted with turpentine and linseed oil. Each artist simultaneously works on several works. To create the ornament, white paint with varnish (gulfarba), sprinkled with aluminum powder, or the so-called created gold is used - gold powder diluted in turpentine or transparent varnish.

Zhostovo painting is performed in two stages: painting and straightening. At the painting stage, the artist uses a wide brush to draw the main silhouette of the composition on the working surface of the tray. To perform this, diluted (bleached) paints are used. Then the tray with the applied paint is dried for 12 hours in

After this, the master begins straightening and draws in light areas, applies colored shadows and paints highlights that add volume to the composition. The stamens of flowers and the veins of leaves appear as thin lines. Large elements of Zhostovo painting, such as large flowers, are associated with smaller stems, blades of grass and other parts of the composition. The very last thing to apply is the ornament on the sides.

The finished work is polished three times with colorless varnish and dried in ovens, after which the surface is manually polished to a mirror shine.

Main motives of painting

Most often, Zhostovo artists create simple flower arrangements in the form of bouquets, in which large garden and smaller wildflowers rhythmically alternate. As a rule, the basis of the composition is made up of several large flowers, such as a rose, aster, peony, dahlia or tulip, surrounded by a scattering of small flowers and buds and interconnected by thin stems, twigs and leaves. In addition to large garden flowers, some artists bring modest violets, lilies of the valley, bindweed or pansies to the foreground of the composition.

Bouquets of both garden and wildflowers can be complemented by images of fruits, berries, birds and butterflies. Sometimes painters depict only still lifes of fruits or bunches of berries, such as rowan, on trays.

In addition to flower arrangements, Zhostovo painting is also created, a photo of which you can see below. As a rule, she depicts scenes from the life of ordinary people, landscapes, landscapes, and horse troikas. By and large, Zhostovo painting (pictures are presented in the article) is truly a real art.

Expressive means of Zhostovo applied art

Initially, the compositions for the trays were borrowed from paintings, but each artist had his own interpretation of them. Today, masters implement compositions that have already become classic, but also strive to find new ones.

It should be noted that in each work of Zhostovo painting, the compositions are inscribed in a plane and related to the shape of the tray; they perfectly convey the conventional depth and volume of the painted objects. An important expressive means of Zhostovo art is the rhythmic and color balance of the drawing.

Is it possible to learn?

You can find out what Zhostovo painting is and how to paint using this technique in Zhostovo itself. The factory, whose products are famous all over the world, offers tours of the tray museum and master classes in lacquer painting. Almost every city has a travel agency offering excursions to the factory, where you can see how Zhostovo painting is done. A master class on it is also included in the program. You can organize a trip to Zhostovo on your own by first contacting the museum and checking its opening hours.

Zhostovo painting is a Russian folk art, defined in the painting of metal trays. The coloring has something in common with Tagil painting, although, in fact, it is a late branch from it at the beginning of the 19th century.

The first independent workshop was created around 1825 by Osip Vishnyakov in the village of Zhostovo in the Moscow region. He was engaged in the manufacture of trays from papier-mâché and metal using varnishes, and along with him there was a workshop for “remaking trays” by Ivan Mitrofanov. New workshops began to open along the chain. The tray-making craft has had its ups and downs. The fact is that with the advent of Soviet principles, drawings were often subject to simplification, which did not have a very good effect on the works themselves, because the masters were required to repeat the style of the ornament, which was not the principle of this particular applied art. Now the situation remains at a stable level.

To this day, mass production of trays painted with this technique is carried out; in modern art, the old traditions of ancient crafts are often supported and developed. It is not surprising that painting of trays from Zhostovo is flourishing, since the painting technique created over the years is truly mesmerizing with three-dimensional masterpieces.

Characteristic signs

Decorative painting of trays with Zhostovo motifs are magnificent flower bouquets, most often on a black or red background. The technique is accompanied by complete improvisation, mainly large open flowers and wide leaves. Flowers are not repeated exactly as in nature, but have the basic structure of a natural flower, thereby creating the line between reality and fiction, adding more tenderness and brightness to flower bouquets. Less common, but still found, are birds and animals, as well as silhouettes of dishes and people

In ancient times, gold and silver colors predominated, but now the works have gained bright colors.

Steel is used to make trays. Before painting begins, the product must be prepared for work. Primer is applied to the trays, sanded, and varnished black several times. Each layer is dried.

Techniques for drawing compositions

How do they draw such a miracle? For painting, materials such as oil-based paints, natural brushes, gold paste, a blank metal tray, varnish, linseed oil for correcting mistakes, and related tools are used - a glass for water, a ruler and a palette for mixing paints.

The drawing is applied directly to the background in stages. Compositions can be bouquets or placed along the edges of the tray. How to draw and what colors can you use? Zhostovo painting uses many colors, mainly red, pink, blue, green, and white and black will definitely be needed to completely complete the picture, giving volume to the petals.

The first stage of work will be the so-called "painting". Broad strokes of the main colors are used, this is the basis for future flowers and leaves.

Then the shadows are drawn with a brown or darker shade, while on the other side we highlight with a lighter shade. Photo below.

Here are more photos of color options that can be included in your work. The colors are varied by the master, depending on the wishes. The drawing does not end there, there is still a lot of work, because this type of painting should look voluminous and colorful. Subsequently, highlights, shading on the leaves and background, veins and openwork edges are applied. The most important step in the work is "pad": dense corpus writing. The shapes of the bouquet take on flesh, are accentuated, brightened, and a contrasting or more harmonious color structure of the entire composition is realized. With the help of thin strokes, the composition is collected into a single bouquet. At the end of the work, the tray is framed with geometric patterns in gold and white paint.

The style of Zhostovo trays will perfectly complement the kitchen decor, they look simply gorgeous and can be presented as a souvenir to friends from other countries. Setting the table with these trays will add color and warmth to any home. Pictures of trays with red and other backgrounds with a predominance of gold designs.

Zhostovo painting arose in the 18th century in the Urals, where large metallurgical plants in Russia were concentrated at that time, and in the 19th century it spread to the Moscow region, where it received its greatest development. Traditionally, only metal trays are painted in Zhostovo painting, but recently pictures in the Zhostovo style can be found both on metal dishes and on glass, ceramics, leather and even nails.

The main motif of Zhostovo painting is flowers, bouquets of them, branches or wreaths and garlands, mainly on a black or red background. Moreover, the painting is carried out immediately on the tray, without the use of preliminary sketches or templates. We can say that the artist “thinks with a brush”, and quite quickly - a real master manages to paint up to ten trays in a day. Thanks to this, no two trays are alike; each painted item is unique and inimitable.

Let's look at the basics and features of Zhostovo painting

Zhostovo painting is multi-layered, done in several stages with special transparent dyes, as a result of which the lower layers of paint are visible through the upper ones, giving a special effect of glow and depth.

A distinctive feature of the painting is that the flowers and leaves are painted with bright colors - blue, green, red or yellow, and their brightness is further highlighted due to the black background on which the painting is carried out.

The painting itself is done with oil paints, and it does not matter in what form they are produced - in jars or tubes, because in any case, immediately before painting, they are diluted with linseed oil and turpentine to the required consistency for this purpose. So that the paint does not protrude beyond the surface of the design after varnishing.

For painting, soft squirrel brushes are mainly used, which absorb a large amount of paint and, as a result, give a long stroke. In this case, an ordinary stone slab is used as a palette for mixing different colors.

There are two types of compositions of Zhostovo painting - if the main composition is located in the center of the tray, then it is an assembled bouquet, and if the elements of the design are located along the edges of the product, then it is a wreath.

Decorative painting in the Zhostovo style is applied in stages and therefore it is very complex and requires not only imagination, but also steadiness of the hand, speed of drawing, as well as knowledge of mixing dyes to obtain the desired result.

At this stage, the metal blank is prepared for painting - priming, puttying, grinding and varnishing. They are also determined by the background color - most often it is black, but in some cases it can be white, red, turquoise, silver or any other at the discretion of the artist.

Silhouettes of the elements of the future design are applied to the prepared surface of the tray with diluted paint. After this painting, the tray is dried in the oven for several more hours.

Using translucent paints, colored shadows are applied. This gives volume to the flowers, and the remaining plants show shady places.

At this stage, all the details are clarified, contrast is realized and the structure of the entire composition is harmonized - this is the most important stage of painting.

This stage is called glare, since glare is superimposed on the entire drawing, and the bouquet becomes as if illuminated by different light sources from different sides.

To complete the work, the artist uses a special thin brush to apply the finishing touches - the veins on the leaves and the seeds in the center of the flower cups.

This is the penultimate stage of painting the tray. At this stage, blades of grass, leaves and tendrils are drawn in, with the help of which the bouquet becomes part of a single bouquet and connects with the background.

At this stage, the sides of the tray are decorated. Decoration can be with a floral or geometric pattern; without it, the tray looks unfinished. Without any specific “zest”.

As a result of such complex and labor-intensive processes, a truly unique product is born that cannot be repeated, even if it is made by the same master, since this type of painting combines a strict sequence of painting with improvisation of the creative process.

Video on the topic of the article

In conclusion, we invite you to familiarize yourself with the video lessons, from which you can learn how to paint pictures using the Zhostovo painting technique, as well as how to draw unique products for interior decoration and other things in this style.

Decorative and applied art of the peoples of Russia is the calling card of our country. Among folk crafts, Zhostovo painting occupies a special place, striking with the freshness of flower arrangements, as well as the purity and delicacy of the colors.

Development area

Zhostovo painting got its name from the place of origin and production. Metal trays painted with floral arrangements originated in the Moscow region. Their homeland was the village of Zhostovo near Mytishchi.

The predecessors of Zhostovo painting were paintings on trays, which arose in the mid-18th century in the Urals, not far from the location of the famous Demidov factories. Only in the first quarter of the 19th century, the former serfs, the Vishnyakov brothers, who had bought themselves out of dependence and had accumulated a small capital, opened their workshop in the village of Zhostovo. And a little later, the fishery began to develop in other villages near Moscow. Gradually, the Zhostovo workshop became a leader in the industry.

The Vishnyakovs were miniaturists, and therefore they painted not only trays, but also boxes, cigarette cases, teapots, albums and other household items. Osip Vishnyakov went to sell goods in Moscow and gradually saved money with which he was able to rent a shop on Tsvetnoy Boulevard. A special demand for Vishnyakov trays arose with the spread of tea drinking traditions in Russia. They were used as trays for samovars.

At the beginning of the 20th century, interest in folk crafts fell, and therefore, at the end of the 30s, scattered artels in neighboring villages and in Zhostovo had to unite. As a result, an entire factory for decorative painting of metal trays was opened - “Metal Tray”. And since 1960, the Zhostovo decorative painting factory saw the light of day.

Stages of product creation

From the beginning to the end of the production of the product, the process of creating Zhostovo painting goes through a number of stages:

1. Making a tray of oval, octagonal, round, rectangular or combined shape.
2. Primer of the workpiece surface.
3. Puttying uneven areas.
4. Leveling the surface of the base until smooth.
5. Varnish coating.
6. Painting with oil paints.
7. Two-layer coating of the product with transparent varnish.

Features of base manufacturing

Typically the tray base is hand forged from sheet iron using good quality roofing steel. The sheets are first stamped and then rolled to ensure that the edges are rigid. When making trays of standard shape, large iron sheets are cut into blanks of the required shape and size. Then the tray is “cut” and “stretched” using an electric press. Using molds and a combined stamp, the sides of the future tray are formed. This process is called "beading" or "rolling".

Step-by-step painting of a Zhostovo tray

Here's how it goes:

1. At the priming stage, the background - the color of the tray - is selected and applied. Usually it is black, but there are also products with a blue, red, green background. Oil varnish is traditionally used to create a black background. The secret of the varnish is lost, but its base is known - a palm resin from Africa called copal. Thanks to a special varnish composition, the trays were unusually durable. According to the old masters of Zhostovo painting, their products are not afraid of either frost or heat and can only be compared with Chinese ones. At that time, this comparison implied the highest quality of the product.
2. At the second stage of Zhostovo painting, shading is created - the general silhouettes of the drawing are made with diluted paint and fired for several hours in a special oven. For painting and background, craftsmen use ordinary oil paint, diluted with linseed oil or turpentine, and a wide brush. When the artist writes out his bouquet, he usually rotates the tray, placing the brush under the desired area.
3. Shadowing is a stage at which shadows are also applied to the silhouettes with diluted paint to create a primary volume.
4. The laying stage is the most important in painting. It is here that volume is given to the drawing, accents and highlights are applied using whitewashing. Details are being finalized.
5. During the highlighting stage, highlights are applied so that the image appears illuminated from different angles by multiple light sources.
6. At the drawing stage, with a very thin brush and black paint, important small elements of the design are made: the teeth along the edges of the leaf, its veins, the seeds in the center of the flower.
7. The anchoring stage is necessary to attach the picture to the base, the background. This is done by drawing connecting elements: antennae, twigs, etc.
8. The last stage - cleaning - is intended for decorating the sides of the tray. The ornament is applied with gold powder diluted in transparent varnish or turpentine. This powder is called “created” gold. Or it is painted with white paint mixed with varnish - gulfabra. The gulfabra is sprinkled with aluminum powder on top. Sometimes the sides are painted with a so-called wreath - an ornament including flowers.

The complexity of Zhostovo painting lies in the fact that the applied drawing does not allow any corrections and is done immediately and with extreme precision. Each master uses his own special techniques to create a product. He writes not from nature, not from pre-worked samples, but by inspiration. Fantasy and imagination make each product unique and unique. As a rule, a master creates several products at once.

Zhostov's motives

Zhostovo trays are very elegant and festive. The range of themes and motifs of painting, formed over centuries, very vividly and figuratively reflects the traditions and soul of the Russian people.

The main motifs of Zhostovo painting are:

1. Bouquets of garden and meadow flowers.
2. Floral motifs.
3. Floral ornaments.
4. Vases.
5. Fairy lights.
6. Scenes from folk festivals.
7. Landscapes.
8. Still lifes.
9. Scenes of folk life.
10. Scenes of folk weddings.
11. Tea drinking scenes.

The most popular image is a three horses galloping at full speed, harnessed to a sleigh and surrounded by flowers.

By studying the content of the plots and samples of paintings, you can learn a lot about the history and life of the Russian people. It is interesting that during the Great Patriotic War, all the metal in the country was used to make weapons. That’s why Zhostovo craftsmen painted cans and children’s metal buckets. Toy buckets were also melted down and used to make the base for trays.

Bouquet arrangements. Principles of compilation

Bouquets in Russian Zhostovo painting decorate the mullion, or middle part of the tray, its bottom. Typically, the basis of a bouquet consists of 3-4 large garden flowers: peony, dahlia, rose, tulip, etc. Small wild and garden flowers and buds are “stuck” into the outline of the bouquet: pansies, forget-me-nots, etc. They are connected together by flexible stems and twigs with leaves - the so-called "grass". On special occasions, bouquets include fruits and berries and decorate them with birds and butterflies. As a rule, one or several large flowers are located in the center of the composition. According to Zhostovo tradition, large flowers always have a pink tint.

Small buds become very pale, and against their background, large bright inflorescences protrude in relief from the plane of the dish. Squirrel brushes are used to paint flowers. They are chosen very carefully, since the hairs cannot be trimmed.

The margins or sides of the tray are also painted. But bouquet elements are not used in their design. Traditionally, the field is decorated with golden floral patterns in the form of intricate interlacing of stems and leaves - the so-called “grass”.

According to the tradition that came to Zhostovo art from the paintings of Fedoskino, the background or individual elements can be covered with mother-of-pearl. Such products look very elegant. Elements of Gzhel and Khokhloma can also be found in Zhostovo painting, for example “grass”.

Business cards of Zhostovo

Zhostovo trays are one of the calling cards of the craft. In order for the main pattern to protrude from the depths, reminding us of the reverse perspective, the craftsmen paint barely visible small inflorescences around.

The second business card is the sign on the tray: an image of the artist’s palette, tulip and brush. This is a long-standing, historically established stigma of workshops. The master leaves his autograph next to the mark or in the mark itself. Such a mark began to be allowed only after 1970, and in the old days only a mark with the signature of the factory owner was placed on products.

Another amazing hallmark of the Zhostovo craft are the so-called “smoked” trays, painted with a remarkable pattern reminiscent of a cracked surface. This painting technique is called “turtle-like”. Why smoked? Yes, because the trays are actually smoked over a candle flame. These are the most rare products of Zhostovo masters. It is known that two of these trays were in the collection of the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy.

Zhostovo trays in modern life

In the modern world, folk crafts, including Zhostovo, occupy their special place. The range of their areas of use is quite wide: from interior decorative elements to elite table settings. In the home or on the dining table, the Zhostovo tray is a bright, elegant accent that gives the atmosphere a positive and joyful mood.

According to tradition, Zhostovo trays can be divided into two main groups: for use in everyday life (for samovars, fruit, food, etc.) and for decoration. In everyday life, people lack beauty and aesthetics; environmental problems and problems of lack of communication with nature support the desire to compensate for the deficiency by using elements of nature in the works that surround us in everyday life. People are especially drawn to products decorated with images of flowers. Apparently, this is why the fashion for such dishes remains consistently high. Designers use motifs from Zhostovo painting to create furniture, clothing, and jewelry.

Problems of modern Zhostovo fishing

With all the interest of residents and guests of Russia in Zhostovo folk art, it is necessary to note that artists have enough problems. The most pressing problem is the falsification of products, sometimes in violation of traditional technologies. By imitating the author's style, plagiarists try to profit from customers by selling low-quality and non-authored, and therefore not unique, goods. The quality of such products is extremely low, and the images are primitive and are not included in the “golden fund” of Zhostovo painting compositions.

Learn and teach

How can you learn to create products in the style of Zhostovo painting yourself? It's not difficult, you just need desire, mood and patience. Initially, you need to stock up on the necessary materials and equipment. Nowadays in hardware stores and supermarkets you can find trays, sugar bowls and other household items that are not decorated and may well serve as the basis for painting. And in art stores you can buy squirrel brushes of different sizes and oil paints, as well as the necessary solvents. How to draw Zhostovo painting and teach it to children? Let's try to figure it out.

The art of Khokhloma and Zhostovo painting is taught to children in the senior and preparatory groups of kindergarten. This type of work is not difficult. How do the guys learn? Step-by-step Zhostovo painting for children begins with sketching the future flower with a simple pencil. The sketch is in the shape of a circle. This blank is intended for dahlia. The technique used to paint a dahlia flower is called a “double stroke.” Two colors are selected. Light paint is applied to the brush, and darker paint is applied to the tip of the brush. The strokes are applied along the edge of the circle and performed in a certain sequence. This usually happens from top to bottom and from right to left. The second row is performed in the same way, and its petals seem to slightly overlap the lower part of the petals of the top row. Then the middle of the inflorescence is filled in the same way.

The step-by-step drawing of Zhostovo chamomile painting is reminiscent of drawing a dahlia head, and the “double stroke” technique is also used. The only difference is that the core is drawn first, and the petals are drawn to it in a certain sequence in one row: strictly above, below, left, right, then the spaces between them are filled evenly.

To paint a clover flower, you must first draw a circle with light pink paint, and then inside the circle, by dabbing from bottom to top in a fan arrangement, apply strokes of a darker shade, such as fuchsia. Using also dipping, the leaves of the calyx under the flower are depicted in green.

After drawing the central buds, the stage of drawing around the smaller flowers begins. To draw, for example, forget-me-nots, you can use cotton swabs instead of a brush. They are also depicted using the technique of dipping, but with the end surface. Using a thin brush, place a small white dot in the blue circle of the petal. By the way, children are not allowed to use oil paints. They paint using gouache.

Next comes the stage of drawing the “grass”. The leaves of the stems are also depicted with a double stroke. But their curved tips and curved stems are made by carefully twisting the brush counterclockwise. When depicting elongated curved leaves, strokes and twisting can be alternated so as to create a “zigzag”. When depicting more round leaves, use the “comma” technique.

Recently, interactive classes and master classes on Zhostovo painting have been held both in Zhostovo itself and in many centers of additional education for both children and adults. If you have the desire, then nothing is impossible!