Dysbacteriosis in gynecology: symptoms. How to treat vaginal dysbiosis

What is a violation of the vaginal microflora? Disturbance of the vaginal microflora (vaginal dysbiosis, vaginal dysbiosis) is a phenomenon associated with the functioning of the female reproductive system. Violation of vaginal microflora: symptoms, treatment depend on many factors. Such factors include the general condition of the patient, the course of concomitant diseases, diet, quality of sexual life, etc. Disturbance of the vaginal microflora is manifested by whitish discharge from the vagina. Such discharge may have different consistency, odor and abundance. Such discharge may be a normal part of the vaginal cleansing process of a healthy woman. But vaginal discharge may also indicate a pathological process, including vaginal dysbiosis.

According to statistics, a violation of the vaginal microflora occurs in every second woman. Such a disorder can occur in mature women after the onset of menopause, in middle-aged women with an established sex life, in girls before the onset of sexual activity, in girls before the onset of the menstrual cycle. Vaginal dysbiosis often goes unnoticed. A woman may not suspect a violation of the vaginal microflora for a long time. An asymptomatic course is dangerous due to its complications. It is complications in asymptomatic cases that force the patient to go to a specialized clinic.

Normally, a woman’s vagina is inhabited by normal, non-pathogenic microflora. This microflora ensures the functioning of the genital organs. The vaginal microflora consists of approximately 90% lactobacilli, 9% bifidobacteria and less than 1% other opportunistic microorganisms. Opportunistic microorganisms normally do not provoke the development of the disease, but under the influence of predisposing factors they can cause the disease. Opportunistic microorganisms cover the walls of the vagina. These include fungi of the genus Candida, Gardnerella and some other microorganisms. The body of a healthy woman controls the ratio of microorganisms in the vagina and does not allow the appearance of uncharacteristic microflora. At the same time, the immune system does not react in any way to representatives of the characteristic microflora of the vagina. If minor changes occur in the vaginal microflora, the microflora will resume on its own. This process does not affect the woman’s health in any way. Exposure to predisposing factors and disruption of the vaginal microflora reduces the number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. At the same time, there is an increase in the amount of opportunistic microflora, and pathogenic microorganisms also appear. Such a microorganism can be gardnerella, a fungus of the genus Candida, a sexually transmitted infection (trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, etc.), as well as another pathogen from the environment (staphylococcus, streptococcus, Proteus, E. coli, etc.). Such microorganisms, when multiplying and living, cause inflammation of the vagina. Inflammation depends on the woman’s level of immunity, the general condition of her body, the number of pathogenic microorganisms, etc. In the absence of treatment for inflammation and in the absence of therapy against pathogenic microorganisms, the disease will progress.

Symptoms of vaginal microflora disorders

Violation of the vaginal microflora, as mentioned above, is often asymptomatic. For a long time, a woman may not even be aware of a violation of the vaginal microflora. But still, a violation of the vaginal microflora provokes a number of symptoms. Thus, various types of vaginal discharge may be observed. Often women ignore this symptom or do not notice it at all. The discharge is not accompanied by dryness of the vagina and external tissues of the genital organs, or discomfort during sexual intercourse. Over time, the amount of discharge increases and such discharge acquires a characteristic odor. If other symptoms are observed, they refer to symptoms of concomitant diseases. After all, dysbacteriosis is often the cause and predisposing factor to the development of sexually transmitted diseases, erosion processes, inflammatory processes, tumor growth, etc.

Complications of microflora disturbances include: inflammation of the vaginal walls (vaginitis), inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis). These complications occur most often. Symptoms of inflammation include an increase in vaginal discharge, the appearance of unpleasant sensations when urinating, the appearance of unpleasant sensations in the perineal area (itching, burning, pain, stinging, etc.), pain during sexual intercourse or after sexual intercourse, and other symptoms. Pain during sexual intercourse occurs due to vaginal dryness and insufficient secretion. Long-term infection can spread to all internal genital organs. This can cause inflammation of the uterus (endometriosis), inflammation of the uterine appendages (adnexitis). Infection and pathogenic bacteria can enter the urethra. Penetration of pathogenic bacteria into the urethra provokes the development of cystitis and urethritis.

There are many reasons for the development of vaginal microflora disorders. Violation of vaginal microflora: symptoms, causes, treatment - every woman needs to avoid predisposing factors. It is better to prevent the development of a disease than to treat its consequences.

Violation of vaginal microflora - causes:

Local or general hypothermia. Hypothermia causes a decrease in immunity and is reflected in the ratio of microorganisms in the vagina.

Hormonal imbalances. Hormonal imbalances occur with irregular sexual activity, menstrual irregularities, puberty, pregnancy, after childbirth, abortion, with the onset of menopause, etc. A sharp change in hormonal levels is reflected in the condition of the genital organs.

Change of climate zone. A change in climate zone or a sharp change in climate provokes an exacerbation of dysbacteriosis.

Sexual infections. Sexual infections can be both a cause and a consequence of disturbances in the vaginal microflora.

Inflammatory process of the pelvic organs. The inflammatory process of the pelvic organs provokes the occurrence of specific symptoms, and the cause of inflammation can be an imbalance of microorganisms in the vagina.

Taking antibiotics. Long-term use of antibiotics disrupts the vaginal microflora and destroys not only harmful microorganisms, but also beneficial microorganisms. Therefore, with long-term use of antibiotics, it is necessary to colonize beneficial microorganisms in the vagina (which should be done by an experienced gynecologist).

Failure to comply with the rules of personal hygiene or sexual hygiene. Failure to maintain hygiene can cause the introduction of pathogenic microflora into the vagina.

Intestinal disease (intestinal dysbiosis). The intestinal microflora is associated with the vaginal microflora. Therefore, the presence of one of them causes a violation of the other.

Poor hygiene during menstruation. Poor menstrual hygiene involves the improper use of tampons and pads during menstruation. It is recommended to replace menstrual hygiene products every two hours. If you ignore the recommendations, then favorable conditions are created for the proliferation of opportunistic vaginal microflora, as well as for the development of inflammation.

The above factors do not always lead to disruption of the vaginal microflora. After all, a woman’s immune system is able to control and regulate the vaginal microflora if it changes. But still, it is better to avoid predisposing factors.

Violation of vaginal microflora - treatment

Treatment of vaginal microflora disorders is based on the results of preliminary diagnostics. For diagnostic purposes, the following tests are carried out: flora smear, PCR test, culture of vaginal discharge with determination of sensitivity to antibiotics. A flora smear allows you to determine the state of the vaginal microflora and identify inflammation. The PCR test allows you to determine the type of microorganism that caused the microflora disturbance. Bacterial culture also allows one to identify the pathogen and determine its sensitivity to antibiotics. In parallel with laboratory tests, an ultrasound examination of the pelvis and calposcopy are performed. Ultrasound examination of the pelvis allows you to assess the condition of the genital organs, their shape, the presence of tumors, etc. Cytoscopy allows you to assess the condition of the vaginal walls and identify uncharacteristic changes in the epithelial cover of the vagina. High-quality diagnostics are simply necessary. After all, 90% of treatment depends on the results of the diagnosis.

Treatment of vaginal microflora disorders includes:

Suppression of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. If a violation of the vaginal microflora is associated with a sexually transmitted infection, then treatment is aimed at the complete destruction of such an infection. In this case, treatment includes a course of antibiotics. But if genital infections are not caused by a violation of the vaginal microflora, antibiotics are not prescribed. Sometimes a short course of antibiotics is prescribed. Local procedures are considered very effective in treating vaginal microflora disorders. This is how special tampons, suppositories, creams, ointments, special baths, etc. are prescribed. Such drugs combine all the objectives of treatment: suppression of pathogenic microflora, restoration of normal vaginal microflora, correction of immunity. It is worth noting that in the treatment of vaginal microflora, the use of antiseptics is much more effective than the use of antibiotics. The effectiveness of antiseptics is explained by the broad action and immunity of bacteria to antiseptics.

Restoration of normal microflora. In order to restore the vaginal microflora, special vaginal preparations are used. Such drugs allow you to populate the vagina with useful and necessary microorganisms, as well as restore the vaginal walls.

Restoring the immune system of the vagina. Restoring the immunity of the vaginal wall will help maintain the normal composition of the vaginal microflora. For this purpose, various systemic and local drugs are used. It is not recommended to restore immunity on your own. Drugs that correct immunity have contraindications for use and specific application. Advanced forms of the disease require a serious approach to treatment. Immunostimulants are often combined with antibiotics. This treatment takes on average several weeks (2-4 weeks). It is worth noting that when treating vaginal microflora disorders, it is recommended to conduct a study of the health status and sexual partner of the sick woman. After completion of treatment, control studies are carried out. Control studies make it possible to confirm the quality of treatment and confirm the elimination of predisposing factors to relapse of vaginal dysbiosis.

You can prevent disruption of the vaginal microflora by following the rules of prevention. For the purpose of prevention, all women are recommended to visit the office of a gynecologist-endocrinologist at least 1-2 times a year. So, when visiting a specialist, you should report changes in the body, previous diseases, bad habits, etc. This information allows you to timely assess changes in the state of the vaginal microflora. If the gynecologist detects the influence of predisposing factors, he prescribes a number of necessary studies. Also, measures to prevent violations of the vaginal microflora include: timely treatment of sexually transmitted infections; timely treatment of acute diseases; proper nutrition; rejection of bad habits; use of mechanical contraceptives; having one sexual partner, etc.

Experienced doctors, including a gynecologist-endocrinologist, practice at the Hippocrates clinic. With us you can undergo the necessary examinations, as well as undergo treatment of gynecological diseases using modern methods. Our specialists accept appointments by appointment. You can make an appointment at any time by phone. Take care of your health.

Symptoms of the disease manifest themselves differently in women. In general, this condition is characterized by a violation of the ratio of normal microflora of the body and opportunistic microflora.

In adult women, most often with dysbiosis, there is a decrease in lactobacilli in the body and an increase in E. coli and staphylococci.

It is important to know! For successful treatment, it is important to identify this pathology at an early stage of development and prevent its progression. To do this, you should first understand the causes of dysbiosis, and then apply comprehensive treatment of the disease.

Causes of vaginal dysbiosis in gynecology

• Large number of sexual partners and lack of contraception or use of hormonal contraceptives.
• Hormonal disorders associated with abortion, menstrual disorders, long absence of sexual intercourse, thyroid dysfunction, as well as any disruption of the ovaries.

• Improper personal hygiene - frequent douching, untimely changing of the tampon, abuse of antimicrobial agents.
• Stress, nervous breakdowns, excessive fatigue.
• Long-term use of antibiotics.
• Climate change, hypothermia.
• Chronic vaginal infections.
• General decrease in the body's immunity.
• Intestinal diseases.
• Diabetes.
• Smoking, taking drugs, drinking too much alcohol.

Note! This is not a complete list of reasons characterizing dysbiosis. Symptoms of the disease in women manifest themselves differently, depending on the individual characteristics of the body. Therefore, the causes of the disease, according to information from gynecological reference books, may be different.

Provoking factors for the occurrence of vaginosis

In addition to the main causes of dysbiosis, it is important to determine the provoking factors of the disease. These include bacteria, the type of which will help determine the identified symptoms of the disease in women.
The main types of bacteria that cause vaginosis:

• Streptococci and staphylococci;
• Gardnerellas;
• Mycoplasma and ureaplasma;
• The causative agent of thrush is Candida fungus;
• Clostridia, Klebsiella, Corynebacterium;
• Escherichia coli.

When bacteria are present in small quantities, they are harmful to health, but when they multiply and spread, they cause illness.

The main symptoms of vaginal dysbiosis in women

Vaginosis can occur for a long time without any visible symptoms, however as the disease worsens, the following is observed:

• Vaginal dryness– this condition is very clearly noticeable during sexual intercourse and can give a woman very unpleasant sensations. This condition means the transition of dysbiosis to the pelvic organs. These symptoms can lead to irritability and loss of interest in sex.
• Discharge. Dysbacteriosis in gynecology is also characterized by symptoms in women such as an increase in clear discharge in the initial stage. As the disease develops, namely an increase in the number of staphylococci and E. coli, they acquire a pungent odor and become greenish.

• Itching and burning. If vaginosis is aggravated by thrush, a white coating appears on the walls of the vagina, and itching and burning are possible.
• Pain in the lower abdomen. With a long course of dysbacteriosis, pain in the lower back and lower abdomen may appear; in an aggravated form, frequent painful urination is possible.

You should know! With vaginosis at the initial stage, there are no visible signs of the inflammatory process.

Ignoring vaginal dysbiosis for a long time can lead to more serious illnesses and a significant deterioration in overall health.

Symptoms of vaginal dysbiosis in girls

According to the accepted data of modern gynecology, symptoms of vaginal dysbiosis in girls can appear at any age.

The main reasons for the development of the disease in adolescents:

• hypothermia;
• errors in personal hygiene, most often incorrect use of tampons and gels for intimate hygiene;
• weak immunity;
• poor nutrition, lack of rest and fresh air, stress;
• hormonal imbalance during puberty.

In most cases, until adulthood, the main symptoms of the disease are itching and burning in the groin area. Discharge and a specific odor appear in older girls.

If you suspect the development of this disease in a child, you should consult a doctor to determine the causes and treatment program.

Diagnosis of vaginal dysbiosis

Standard diagnosis of dysbiosis includes:

• gynecological examination;
• microflora smear;
• polymerase chain reaction analysis;
• vaginal seeding.

Before taking a smear, it is important to abstain from sexual intercourse, use of vaginal suppositories and douching for several days.

A smear is taken before the start of treatment and at the end of it.

A PRC analysis must be taken to determine the causative agent of the infection and the number of bacteria in the body. In turn, taking a culture helps determine the properties inherent in the pathogen. It is also necessary to determine the body's sensitivity to antimicrobial agents.

Vaginal dysbiosis during pregnancy

Quite often, dysbiosis in gynecology is characterized by the presence of similar symptoms in pregnant women:

• discomfort and itching in the vagina;
• an abundance of discharge that has an unpleasant, sometimes pungent odor.

Stress caused by worry about the child, excessive fatigue, and poor nutrition can lead to dysbacteriosis. The most common cause is hormonal imbalances, which lead to decreased immunity.


Self-medication is prohibited during pregnancy, all procedures must be agreed with the attending physician so as not to harm the baby.

Comprehensive treatment of vaginal dysbiosis

To achieve a positive result, it is necessary to stop the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, after which the presence of beneficial microorganisms in the vagina should be increased.

To consolidate the result, you need to strengthen the body's immunity. Treatment of vaginal dysbiosis consists of taking prescribed medications and therapy to restore normal microflora. Let's look at each stage in more detail.

Drug treatment

Let's highlight Some drugs that help treat vaginal dysbiosis and restore microflora:

Doctors warn that taking medications that were not prescribed by a specialist can negatively affect the functioning of the body and worsen overall well-being.

Microflora restoration therapy

Violation of the vaginal microflora is directly related to a woman’s immunity, so during treatment it is necessary to pay enough attention to strengthening the immune system.

Most often, restoration of microflora takes no more than 1 month. After completing the course, a re-examination by a specialist is required. If the disease is not in an advanced state, the use of immunomodulators is sufficient for treatment.


In more complex cases, for example, to restore microflora after thrush, it is necessary to take products containing lactobacilli and a component that restores epithelium.

Drugs that help restore the normal vaginal environment:

A rehabilitation course of medication should be discussed with your doctor.

Possible complications of vaginal dysbiosis

If the disease is not treated for a long time, complications are possible, which include:

• endometritis– inflammation of the uterine cavity;
• vaginitis– inflammation of the vaginal walls;
• cervicitis- development of the inflammatory process of the uterus;

• development of cystitis as a result of bladder infection;
• adnexitis- inflammation of the appendages.

Most often, the first signs of the onset of the development of such diseases are caused by the appearance of burning and itching, as well as an increase in the amount of discharge.

Traditional recipes for the treatment of vaginal dysbiosis

One should not neglect the fact that to improve the effect of treatment, in addition to the above methods, fresh fruits, vegetables and dairy products should be introduced into the daily diet.


You should take vitamins E and C, which have a positive effect on the balance of microflora.

When using traditional methods of treatment, one should not neglect the consultation of a qualified specialist. This will help you get better treatment.

According to modern gynecology, dysbacteriosis, regardless of the identified symptoms in women, is not transmitted during sexual intercourse and is not classified as a venereal disease. However, it must be treated immediately when the first symptoms are detected.

Useful videos about vaginal dysbiosis from doctors

Dysbacteriosis in gynecology. Symptoms in women:

Bacterial vaginosis, its consequences and treatment:

Oddly enough, most girls and women remember the vaginal microflora only when it begins to be disrupted. Leading experts rightly believe that maintaining normal vaginal microflora creates serious barriers to the occurrence of various infectious and inflammatory processes in the internal genital organs. As recent statistics show, from 20 to 30% of women of reproductive age have a violation of the vaginal microflora.

Normal vaginal biocenosis

Thanks to clinical studies, scientists have found that the natural microflora of the vagina is a combination of beneficial and opportunistic microorganisms. Normally, beneficial bacteria significantly outnumber opportunistic species. It is reliably known that approximately 95–97% of the vaginal biocenosis consists of lactobacilli, which, by producing lactic acid, provide an acidic environment in the vagina and protect it from infection. Opportunistic microorganisms (3–5%) are represented by the following types:

• Gram-positive rods.
• Gram-positive and gram-negative cocci.
• Anaerobic rods.
• Enterobacteriaceae.

The symbiotic relationship between beneficial and opportunistic microorganisms not only does not cause any harm, but even protects the internal genital organs from infection. Most infectious agents entering the vagina are neutralized in an acidic environment. However, it is worth noting that changes in microflora can occur during the menstrual cycle. For example, at the beginning of the cycle there is some deviation in vaginal pH towards the alkaline side. There will be a characteristic decrease in the number of lactobacilli, which is accompanied by an increase in opportunistic microorganisms. But immediately after menstruation, a rapid restoration of balance is observed.

If you notice any unnatural discharge from the genitals, do not delay visiting a doctor.

Violation of vaginal biocenosis

Not so long ago, a violation of the vaginal microflora was considered a clinical syndrome. However, it is now classified as a separate nosological entity, which is given the name bacterial vaginosis. In this pathological condition, there is a sharp decrease or absence of lactobacilli and an increase in the number of opportunistic microorganisms, in particular gardnerella and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. It should be noted that neither sexually transmitted bacterial infections, nor fungi or pathogenic protozoa are the cause of bacterial vaginosis.

As a result of the development of vaginal dysbiosis, the pH of the environment in the vagina shifts to the alkaline side and becomes more than 4.5. Such changes are associated with the presence of a large number of anaerobic bacteria, which produce volatile amines that have an extremely unpleasant odor, reminiscent of rotten fish. Changes in the biocenosis and pH of the environment deprive the vagina of a biological protective barrier, creating all the conditions for the occurrence of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the woman’s reproductive system.

What causes dysbiosis?

Bacterial vaginosis does not appear out of nowhere. The following may act as a provoking factor leading to disruption of the vaginal microflora:

• Hormonal imbalance. Often observed during pregnancy and breastfeeding, during abortion, menopause, irregular sex life, etc.
• Taking antibacterial agents. If you use antibiotics, they destroy not only dangerous, but also beneficial bacteria and other microorganisms. Uncontrolled long-term use of antibacterial drugs is particularly harmful to health.
• Constant hypothermia, physical fatigue, unbalanced psycho-emotional stress, leading to decreased immunity.
• Failure of the menstrual function of the ovaries of various types.
• Past infectious and inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system.
• Too active sexual life (several sexual partners or frequent changes).
• Both insufficient and overly thorough hygiene of the intimate area.
• Use of hormonal oral contraception and/or use of intrauterine contraceptives.

Violation of the vaginal microflora is a disease that needs to be treated purposefully.

Manifestation of dysbiosis

In the vast majority of cases, bacterial vaginosis is manifested by local symptoms. In some patients, subjective sensations may be absent. Typical clinical picture of vaginal dysbiosis:

• There is copious discharge from the internal genital organs (whitish-gray in color, strong unpleasant odor). Quite often observed after intimacy or during menstruation.
• If the disturbance of the vaginal microflora is chronic, then the discharge becomes yellowish-green, more saturated and thick, and looks like a cheesy mass.
• The amount of discharge can vary from slight to very heavy.
• Women rarely complain of itching and problems with urination. If present, they usually appear periodically.
• A characteristic symptom of bacterial vaginosis is the absence of inflammation of the vagina.
• Sometimes there is heavy menstrual bleeding and a feeling of pain in the lower abdomen.

A woman who has a violation of the vaginal microflora can contribute to the development of inflammation of the head and foreskin in her sexual partner.

How to determine dysbiosis?

Basic clinical and laboratory criteria indicating bacterial vaginosis:

• Abundant cheesy discharge with a whitish-gray tint and a very unpleasant odor, evenly covering the walls of the vagina.
• The pH of the vaginal environment is more than 4.5.
• Positive amine test. By mixing samples of vaginal discharge with a solution of potassium hydroxide in equal proportions, a characteristic fishy odor appears.
• Microscopic examination identifies “key cells.” These are desquamated epithelial cells to which various opportunistic microorganisms are attached. Normally, key cells are not detected.

If at least three of the above criteria are detected, then we can safely talk about a violation of the vaginal microflora, characteristic of bacterial vaginosis. If necessary, the diagnosis is supplemented with a bacteriological research method, which makes it possible to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of the vaginal biocenosis.

If the vaginal microflora has been disturbed for a long time, this can affect the woman’s reproductive function.

Restoration of vaginal biocenosis

To successfully eliminate bacterial vaginosis, two main tasks must be completed:

• Suppress excessive growth and reproduction of opportunistic bacteria (especially anaerobes) through the use of antibacterial drugs.
• Restore normal vaginal biocenosis with the help of eubiotics, which will help increase the proportion of beneficial microorganisms.

Currently, antibacterial therapy to suppress opportunistic flora includes the administration of the following medications:

• Clindamycin.
• Metronidazole.
• Tinidazole.
• Ornidazole.

The therapeutic course can last for 5–7 days. If a woman is pregnant and suffers from bacterial vaginosis, then Clindamycin in the form of a cream is usually used. After completion of antibacterial treatment, measures are taken to restore normal vaginal biocenosis. There are no special restrictions regarding sexual activity during therapy. To boost immunity, it is recommended to take vitamin-mineral complexes and biogenic stimulants (Actovegin, aloe extract, etc.).

With proper adherence to the regimen and compliance with all the instructions of the attending physician, the normal microflora of the vagina is restored within several weeks.

Preparations for normalization of biocenosis

How to improve vaginal microflora? Having effectively dealt with opportunistic bacteria, they move on to taking eubiotics that help restore the vaginal biocenosis. This group of drugs includes:

• Lactobacterin.
• Lactonorm.
• Bifidumbacterin.
• Acylact.
• Ecofemin.
• Gynoflor.

Lactobacterin

One of the most popular eubiotics used to correct vaginal biocenosis is Lactobacterin. Live bacteria contained in the drug ensure the normalization of microflora, maintaining the pH of the vaginal environment at a level of no more than 4.5. In the acidic environment created by lactobacilli, many pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms cannot grow and reproduce. Allergy to the components of the drug, vulvovaginal candidiasis and childhood are considered contraindications for use.

Side effects in the form of allergic reactions are very rare. Due to a decrease in the therapeutic effect, the simultaneous use of Lactobacterin and antibacterial drugs is not recommended. Restorative therapy using intravaginal suppositories can last 10–14 days. If necessary, repeated courses of treatment may be prescribed after 2–3 weeks. The cost of the drug Lactobacterin ranges from 130–150 rubles.

Gynoflor

Gynoflor is widely used to normalize vaginal microflora. Unlike the previous drug, this medicine contains not only lactobacilli acidophilus, but also a small amount of estrogen (estriol). Lactobacilli successfully cope with pathogenic and opportunistic flora. Estriol ensures the restoration of the vaginal epithelium, maintaining the biocenosis and pH of the environment, without having a systemic effect on the female body. In healthy epithelium, glycogen accumulates, which is necessary for the normal functioning of lactobacilli. Contraindications include the following conditions and diseases:

• Allergy to the main and auxiliary components of Gynoflor.
• Neoplasms sensitive to estrogen (tumors of the breast, reproductive system, etc.).
• Any form of endometriosis.
• Bloody discharge from the genitals of unknown origin.
• Young age.

I would like to note that Gynoflor does not change the level of natural hormones in the blood. In the early stages of pregnancy (1st trimester) it is not recommended to prescribe the drug. At the same time, in later stages its use is allowed if there are appropriate indications and there are no contraindications. However, there is no reliable data on the effect of Gynoflor on the course of pregnancy and fetal development, since long-term clinical studies have not been conducted.

Side effects are recorded quite rarely. Some women experienced local adverse reactions, such as redness and a burning sensation in the genital area. In addition, simultaneous use with antibiotics may lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of the drug. Spermicidal agents are also not recommended to be combined with Gynoflor. The course of treatment is determined solely by the attending physician, but on average it can last 1–2 weeks. During therapy, it is better for girls and women to use sanitary tampons.

In most pharmacies, the price for the domestically produced drug Gynoflor does not exceed 950 rubles per package (6 vaginal tablets). Packs of 12 tablets are also available for sale, costing about 1,300 rubles.

Solcotrichofac

In prolonged and recurrent forms of bacterial vaginosis, the immunostimulating vaccine Solcotrichofac is used to normalize the vaginal microflora. The use of this specific drug not only helps to stabilize vaginal biocinosis, but also prevents the likelihood of relapses and mixed infections in approximately 80% of women. Solcotrichofak is actively used as both a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for bacterial vaginosis.

Vaccination with this drug should only be carried out by a doctor. The course includes 3 intramuscular injections. The interval between each administration is 14 days. The exact time of vaccination is calculated in advance so that injections do not coincide with menstruation. Revaccination is carried out after 12 months. The main contraindications to the use of Solcotrichofac are:

• Allergy to vaccine components.
• Various infections in the acute stage.
• Tuberculous organ damage.
• Diseases of the blood system.
• Severe cardiovascular pathology.
• Serious kidney problems.
• Immunodeficiency states.

During pregnancy, whether to vaccinate with Solcotrichofak or not is decided by the doctor, taking into account the benefits for the woman and the possible risk for the child. There are practically no side reactions. In rare cases, headaches, chills, fever, general weakness, etc. were observed. The drug is also effective for recurrent trichomoniasis. You can purchase the Solcotrichofac vaccine in pharmacies with a prescription.

every woman needs at least twice a year. In a woman’s life, situations often arise when good advice from an obstetrician-gynecologist, an answer to a question, or a consultation are needed. But even if a woman has no complaints, it must be borne in mind that recently the asymptomatic course of gynecological diseases, including sexually transmitted infections and gynecological tumors, has become very common. Even pathological vaginal discharge does not always occur with such diseases. Without tests, it is difficult to distinguish them from normal discharge. With the hidden course of female diseases, there is no abdominal pain, bleeding, menstrual irregularities and other symptoms. Therefore, every woman needs preventive gynecological examinations and basic tests (general blood test, urine test, smear for flora and cytology), the results of which allow us to identify the presence of hidden asymptomatic gynecological diseases and infections in the early stages. The number of preventive gynecological examinations depends on previous diseases and other factors.

When you need good advice from a doctor, you can come for a consultation with a gynecologist at our gynecological clinic, ask the doctor questions about your health, undergo an initial gynecological examination and, if necessary, further examination and treatment.

Consultation with a gynecologist for early diagnosis of pregnancy

A consultation with a gynecologist and a gynecological examination are also necessary for early diagnosis of pregnancy. The first signs of pregnancy are inaccurate and often mislead women. During pregnancy, menstrual-like vaginal discharge is possible, and pregnancy tests may be falsely negative. For an accurate early diagnosis of pregnancy, a consultation with a gynecologist, pelvic ultrasound and determination of the hCG level in a blood test are necessary.

A good gynecologist is, first of all, a good diagnostician. Diagnosis of gynecological diseases is based on experience and knowledge. During the initial gynecological examination, the gynecologist will determine whether there is a need for more detailed diagnostics and consultations with other doctors. According to your indications, you will receive all the necessary treatment recommendations and referrals for tests. This will allow you to dispel many fears and doubts, notice unfavorable changes in women’s health in time, take measures to correct them, and begin treatment on time.

A woman is sometimes scared or ashamed to come to a consultation with a gynecologist and a gynecological examination. She is frightened by the examination procedure, and even by the sight of the gynecological chair. However, it is advisable for even a healthy woman to visit a gynecological clinic twice a year. The main task of an obstetrician-gynecologist at a gynecological clinic is to preserve the health of a woman, which is only possible through the prevention of gynecological diseases and their timely detection in the initial stages. At an appointment with a gynecologist in our gynecological clinic, you will forget about the fear of a gynecological examination. The polite staff of the clinic does everything possible to quickly and efficiently provide you with the necessary medical services.

Features of gynecologist consultation. Gynecological examination

Every healthy woman should undergo a gynecological examination twice a year to maintain her health, prevent and identify gynecological diseases in the early stages. To avoid the development of sexually transmitted diseases, infectious diseases and gynecological tumors, it is better not to postpone a visit to the doctor, but to come for a preventive examination and consultation with a gynecologist.

The gynecologist must know the individual characteristics of your body, all the gynecological diseases that you have suffered. Communication with a gynecologist at an appointment should be easy and confidential. Every woman should have her own obstetrician-gynecologist.

It is advisable to come to a gynecologist’s consultation for the first time at the age of 15-16 years, especially if the girl has not yet started her menstrual cycle. It is also necessary to come to an appointment with a gynecologist if a woman has already begun or plans to begin sexual activity. Gynecologists advise not only to undergo a preventive gynecological examination twice a year, but also to undergo basic tests, especially when a new sexual partner appears, to do colposcopy and gynecological ultrasound, because the asymptomatic (hidden) course of gynecological diseases is very common and difficult to diagnose. Many gynecological diseases, if not treated promptly, can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage.

Stages of consultation with a gynecologist and gynecological examination

Questions for a gynecologist

You can come for a consultation with a gynecologist and a preventive gynecological examination if you have no complaints or already have certain complaints. A consultation with a gynecologist begins with a conversation. First, the gynecologist asks questions and fills out a medical record. By asking questions, the gynecologist will find out what problem the woman came to the doctor’s office with. It is important for a gynecologist to know what diseases a woman has had throughout her life, which will tell him about her predisposition to certain diseases. Some questions may seem too intimate or unnecessary, but they must be answered absolutely honestly. Answer all the gynecologist's questions and do not hesitate to ask him questions, because the state of your health depends on it.

External gynecological examination

A consultation with a gynecologist may include procedures such as measuring blood pressure, determining weight, and examining the mammary glands. After which the gynecologist proceeds to a gynecological examination of the female genital organs. To do this, the woman needs to lie down in a special gynecological chair. The gynecologist conducts an external examination to identify possible discharge, irritation, rashes, condylomas, gynecological tumors and other pathological changes in the external female genitalia. Having completed the external gynecological examination, the gynecologist proceeds to the internal gynecological examination.

Internal gynecological examination

During an internal gynecological examination, an obstetrician-gynecologist inserts disposable plastic speculum into the vagina to examine the cervix. The gynecologist also evaluates the presence of discharge and other pathological processes. After removing the speculum from the vagina, the gynecologist performs a vaginal examination. The gynecologist inserts the fingers of one hand, dressed in sterile disposable gloves, into the vagina. The gynecologist places his other hand on the anterior abdominal wall. Thus, the doctor notes the size, shape, position, mobility, pain of the uterus and appendages, and draws attention to the presence of pathological space-occupying formations in the pelvis. If you experience pain when palpating, you should immediately inform your gynecologist, as this may be a sign of an inflammatory or other gynecological disease. Sometimes a gynecologist can perform a rectal examination (for example, when examining virgins) when the data from other examinations is insufficient.

Taking a smear for flora during an internal gynecological examination

A mandatory stage of a preventive gynecological examination should be taking a smear. A bacteriological study is a study of a smear of gynecological discharge. The number of leukocytes is counted in the smear and pathogens are looked for. More than 10 leukocytes in the field of view may indicate the presence of a sexually transmitted infection or inflammation of the female genital organs. Based on the results of the smear, fungi (candidiasis), “key cells” (bacterial vaginosis), changes in the normal flora in the discharge due to vaginal dysbiosis can be detected. The gynecologist prescribes culture of discharge and PCR diagnostics of discharge to clarify the causative agent of the infectious process if a smear shows the presence of infection, but does not identify its causative agent.

Taking a smear for cytology during an internal gynecological examination

Cytological examination (cytology) is a mandatory stage in the early diagnosis of cervical diseases and a mandatory analysis carried out before its treatment. Even if nothing bothers the woman and the cervix seems unchanged to the naked eye, the woman should regularly (every year) undergo a cytological examination of cervical scrapings. The gynecologist takes a scraping during an internal gynecological examination. The scraping is taken with slight pressure, while the deeper layers of cells are scraped off. This is a painless procedure. This is done because the malignant process begins from the lower layers of the cervical epithelium and progresses to the surface of the mucous membrane. Therefore, if only the superficial layer is included in the analysis, a diagnosis can only be made when the disease is already at a late stage of development.

Colposcopy

Colposcopy is an examination of the cervix under a special microscope - a colcoscope. The gynecologist uses colposcopy during an internal gynecological examination in order not to miss the initial signs of a malignant tumor, if nothing bothers the patient and the cervix seems unchanged to the naked eye.

Colposcopy has enormous diagnostic value in cases of suspected cervical cancer, for diagnostics erosions cervix, dysplasia, leukoplakia. Only extended colposcopy can help make an accurate diagnosis of cervical disease in the early stages and determine its malignancy.

Extended colposcopy is an examination of the cervix after treatment with a 3% acetic acid solution. The action of acetic acid lasts about 4 minutes. After studying the collopscopic picture of the cervix treated with acetic acid, the gynecologist performs the Schiller test - smearing the cervix with a cotton swab moistened with 3% Lugol's solution. The iodine contained in the solution stains glycogen in the cells of healthy, unchanged squamous epithelium of the cervix dark brown. Thinning cells (atrophic age-related changes), as well as pathologically altered cells in various dysplasias of the cervical epithelium (precancerous conditions) are poor in glycogen and are not stained with iodine solution. Thus, a gynecologist during colposcopy identifies areas of pathologically altered epithelium and, if necessary, marks areas for cervical biopsy.

Ultrasound of the pelvis and fetus

In gynecology, pelvic ultrasound complements the gynecological examination and is used very widely, because with its help, with a high degree of reliability, you can examine the pelvic organs and monitor the development of pregnancy (fetus). Pelvic ultrasound is an examination method that allows a gynecologist to get an idea of ​​all the pelvic organs, including the uterus and ovaries, which is of great importance in the diagnosis of gynecological tumors and inflammation of the female genital organs, and abnormalities of the uterus.

A pelvic ultrasound makes it possible to determine the causes of pathological discharge, uterine bleeding, pain in the lower abdomen and menstrual irregularities that are not visible during a routine gynecological examination.

Ultrasound allows you to determine the presence of pregnancy and fetal abnormalities. Ultrasound also plays a decisive role in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy and is necessarily performed before the abortion procedure to confirm the presence of a fertilized egg in the uterine cavity.

Consultation with a gynecologist based on the results of a gynecological examination and tests

To make a diagnosis, a gynecologist compares the results of a gynecological examination with data from anamnesis (the history of the woman’s life and illness), gynecological tests, complaints and the results of other examinations. Therefore, in order to make a diagnosis or ensure the absence of gynecological diseases, a woman needs at least two consultations with a gynecologist.

At the first consultation, the gynecologist performs the gynecological examination described above, colposcopy, pelvic ultrasound and collects material for gynecological tests. If a woman has complaints and symptoms of gynecological diseases, the gynecologist, during the first consultation, recommends to the woman what tests (except smears) she needs to undergo and prescribes symptomatic treatment to reduce the symptoms of the disease (pain in the lower abdomen, bleeding, itching, etc.).

A woman can take many tests during her first gynecological examination, but to take some tests she needs to come to the gynecologist again for fence material for analysis on a certain day of the menstrual cycle, after the necessary preparation or on an empty stomach.

At a follow-up appointment, the gynecologist advises the woman on the results of smears and other tests, if they were taken during the first gynecological examination. Test results may indicate the presence of a gynecological disease in the absence of symptoms, confirm a preliminary diagnosis made during the first examination, or indicate the need for further examination to make a diagnosis.

A complete treatment regimen for a gynecological disease is signed by a gynecologist after diagnosis. After treatment, and sometimes during treatment, a woman needs to come for a consultation with a gynecologist and take gynecological tests again to monitor the results of treatment.

Preparing for a gynecological examination

A woman needs to visit a gynecologist’s office several times a year if she cares about her health. The most optimal period for a preventive examination by a gynecologist is after menstruation. One day before consulting a gynecologist, it is not recommended to be sexually active. It is necessary to take a shower before examining a gynecologist, but douching has a negative effect, because... the doctor needs to see the real condition of the vaginal discharge and take a swab. There is no need to shave your hair before examining a gynecologist. If a woman has taken antibiotics and other medications, then it is necessary to warn the doctor about this. Sometimes testing for infections should take place no earlier than two weeks after the end of treatment in order to get the correct results. If you have to get tested for chronic infections, it is better to do this before or immediately after your period.

A consultation with an obstetrician-gynecologist and examination usually takes about 30 minutes. Try not to be nervous during the examination. Answer all the doctor's questions and do not hesitate to ask him questions, because... The state of your health depends on this.

It is necessary to come to see a gynecologist in the following situations:

Recently, the asymptomatic course of gynecological diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases, has become very common. Vaginal discharge occurs in such diseases, but more often they are the only symptom and appear periodically. Without analyzes It is difficult to distinguish them from normal discharge. Therefore, every woman needs a preventive examination by a gynecologist at least twice a year.

Pathological vaginal discharge is the main symptom of almost all gynecological diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases. If they appear, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist with an examination and tests for determining infections, including sexually transmitted ones.

Uterine bleeding in the middle of the cycle, increased and prolonged bleeding during menstruation. Consultation with a gynecologist with examination and Ultrasound in this case, they are necessary to determine the source of bleeding. Bleeding that occurs during pregnancy requires immediate hospitalization.

Abdominal pain. In female gynecological diseases, it is most often observed in the lower abdomen. A consultation with a gynecologist with an examination, tests and other examinations are necessary to identify the cause of the pain.

Problems with conception. Conceiving a child requires preparation. Gynecological diseases can negatively affect pregnancy and the unborn baby. Therefore, it is very important to come for a consultation and examination with a gynecologist to identify and treat them before conception.

At planning pregnancy a woman needs to come for an examination and consultation with an obstetrician-gynecologist, be examined and take a test in advance tests to identify infections, including - ureaplasmosis. Planning your pregnancy and performing a gynecological examination during pregnancy allows you to avoid complications and unpleasant surprises during pregnancy.

Diagnosis of pregnancy. The first signs of pregnancy before a missed period are inaccurate and often mislead women. During pregnancy, menstrual-like discharge is possible. In order to diagnose pregnancy in a timely manner, at the slightest suspicion, you need to consult a gynecologist, do an ultrasound and a blood test for hCG.

Termination of pregnancy (medical abortion). In the event of an unwanted pregnancy, you will receive qualified advice from an obstetrician-gynecologist on how to terminate it. Medical abortion is the least traumatic for a woman.

Contraception. Every woman should, with the help of a gynecologist, choose the most suitable means of protection against unwanted pregnancy for her. This requires a consultation with a gynecologist with an examination, ultrasound, and, if necessary, hormonal studies and other tests.

Hormonal disbalance. Often the main cause of diseases of the female reproductive system is hormonal changes (hormonal imbalance). During your consultation, your gynecologist will prescribe the necessary examinations to diagnose hormonal disorders.

Menstrual irregularities. Ovarian dysfunction is most often a symptom of serious gynecological diseases. A consultation with a gynecologist and an examination is necessary to identify these diseases.

From symptoms of premenstrual syndrome ninety percent of all women are affected. Before your period a woman may experience many unpleasant and painful sensations that should not normally exist. A woman should not put up with these sensations and suffer in silence; she must come for a consultation with a gynecologist.

Tides and painful sexual intercourse are the most common symptoms of menopause. During the consultation, the gynecologist will tell the woman how to alleviate the pathological menopause. A very dangerous symptom is the appearance of bloody discharge from the genitals after menopause. When they appear, a woman should consult a gynecologist for an examination immediately.

Cervical erosion. One of the most common diseases, which may not manifest itself in any way and can only be detected during a preventive gynecological examination.

Uterine fibroids. It may also not manifest itself in any way and be detected only during a preventive gynecological examination. Asymptomatic progression can lead to severe growth of the node, bleeding and surgical intervention.

Endometrial hyperplasia often asymptomatic, but more often manifests itself as dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Often the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia is made when a woman comes to see a gynecologist about infertility.

Polyps of the uterus (endometrium) and cervix(cervical canal). In recent years, polyps of the uterus and cervix have been found even in teenage girls. They do not manifest themselves in any way for a long time and over time can become malignant. For their timely detection, every woman needs a consultation with a gynecologist and a preventive examination twice a year.

Ovarian cyst. During a routine ultrasound examination, a gynecologist may detect an ovarian cyst in a woman. Some cysts may disappear on their own, but in many cases a course of hormonal treatment is required, and in some cases surgery is required to get rid of the source of the danger.

Spikes are formed when an acute inflammatory process in the female genital organs becomes chronic and the healing process extends over time. Adhesive disease is practically untreatable. Therefore, to avoid the formation of adhesions, if symptoms occur inflammation Immediately come for an appointment with a gynecologist.

Cervicitis- inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cervix. May manifest as pathological discharge, burning, itching. If the flow is hidden, it may not manifest itself in any way. Therefore, every woman needs a preventive consultation with a gynecologist with an examination at least twice a year. The causative agents of infection are often gonococci and Trichomonas.

Thrush (or vaginal candidiasis) Caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. It often becomes chronic due to improper self-medication. To select the correct treatment and identify infections that often accompany exacerbation of thrush, which a woman may not even suspect (including sexually transmitted infections), it is necessary to consult a gynecologist for an examination.

Vaginal dysbiosis- this is a violation of the normal microflora of the vagina. This disease affects most women; it is often the result of improper self-medication. Dysbacteriosis can lead to the development of inflammatory gynecological diseases. Before prescribing medications to normalize the vaginal microflora, a consultation with a gynecologist, examination and tests is necessary.

For examination on syphilis a woman can also come for a consultation and examination with a gynecologist . Syphilis is a chronic venereal disease that affects the skin, mucous membranes, many internal organs, bones and the nervous system. Recently, it has often been completely asymptomatic. The RW (Wassermann reaction) used to diagnose syphilis is often false-positive and false-negative and is very outdated.

Advantages of the Demetra Gynecological Clinic

• The consultation is conducted by highly qualified gynecologists with extensive experience.
• Considering the frequent imitation of gynecological diseases in the pathology of other organs, close cooperation is carried out between gynecologists and the therapist for the benefit of patients
• Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of diseases, incl. laboratory tests, pelvic ultrasound and pregnancy ultrasound, colposcopy
• Treatment of diseases without hospitalization (outpatient)
• Convenient location of the clinic in Kyiv: Darnitsky district, near Poznyaki metro station
• Convenient working hours by appointment only
• If you have any questions, call us, our employees will provide all the necessary information

Each disease can have different symptoms, this also applies to intestinal dysbiosis, and it has its own symptoms. Signs of vaginal dysbiosis are not numerous. A woman may not even be aware of its occurrence. Microflora disruption does not occur suddenly. A certain amount of time must pass for one row of bacteria to destroy the second row.

Signs of vaginal dysbiosis do not appear immediately. After some time, a woman may be bothered by the appearance of itching, burning in the perineum, and white discharge. The discharge may have a strong, unpleasant odor. Symptoms of dysbiosis may include loss of interest in sex and irritability.

pain in the lower abdomen

This disease is characterized by two stages of development - from the moment of exacerbation to remission. This disease is not going away. It simply turns into a chronic form of the disease. In order to prevent inflammation of the pelvic organs, vagina and urinary tract, it is necessary to urgently take measures and treat this disease.

Signs of dysbacteriosis in an acute form of the disease:

• the uterine mucosa and its appendages become inflamed;
• purulent vaginal discharge appears;
• pain in the genitals;
• the occurrence of colpitis, cystitis or vaginitis;
• pain when urinating;
• pain in the lower abdomen;
• sexual intercourse accompanied by pain

Every fifth woman may have absolutely no signs of vaginal dysbiosis. Only a gynecologist can make a diagnosis after a preventive examination.

What is vaginal dysbiosis

Normally, a woman has a large number of lactic acid bacteria in her vagina. With the onset of bacterial vaginosis, the number of lactic acid bacteria decreases and pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria begin to develop. They are the ones who can cause the disease. This applies to women with reduced immunity. As a result, there is a decrease in the level of acidity in the vagina.

In the past, many people believed that only one type of bacteria could cause bacterial vaginosis. Therefore, this disease is still called hemophilic or gardnerella dysbacteriosis. It has been established that this disease can be caused not only by some microbe. This disease occurs as a result of a violation of the ratio of different types of bacteria. Therefore, vaginal dysbiosis is not an infectious disease and is not sexually transmitted.

This disease is observed mainly in women aged 35-40 years. It is impossible to determine how common this disease is. According to statistics, vaginal dysbiosis affects every third woman throughout her life.

The main causes of vaginal microflora disturbances.

Today there are many causes of dysbiosis. For example, stress contributes to the occurrence of disturbances in the vaginal microflora. The most common causes of dysbiosis include:

When the above factors occur, the vaginal microflora is disrupted. Of course, a woman’s immune system is capable of maintaining normal microflora and restores it when minor disturbances occur.

Preventive actions

To prevent the occurrence of this disease, the following preventive measures must be taken:

• implement measures aimed at the general prevention of dysbacteriosis. To do this, you need to eat properly and adhere to a healthy lifestyle;
• do not use douches and contraceptives that contain nonoxynol;
• if you have casual sexual contact with a non-regular sexual partner, you must use condoms;
• do not take Terzhinan, Polygynax, Betadine tablets. This can lead to vaginal dysbiosis. These drugs contain antibacterial agents that have a wide spectrum of action. They also help suppress the normal vaginal microflora;
• during treatment it is necessary to limit yourself from sexual intercourse;
• For prevention, men also need to take special medications. The action of these drugs is aimed at improving the microflora.
• This disease is not a sexually transmitted disease and cannot be transmitted sexually.

Diagnosis of the disease includes:

1. microscopy - vaginal smear;
2. determination of vaginal discharge;
3. test based on potassium hydroxide.

What treatment is prescribed for vaginal dysbiosis

First, the woman undergoes a gynecological examination and undergoes a series of tests. Most doctors prescribe only antibiotics. But treatment must be comprehensive. We need to get rid of bad bacteria and restore the number of good bacteria. The following treatment is used:

• use of vaginal suppositories;
• taking tablets that have an antiseptic effect;
• the use of physiotherapy;
• use of bioadditives.

Many people consider dysbiosis not such a dangerous disease. The occurrence of this disease is accompanied by miscarriage, termination of pregnancy, and premature birth. Infection occurs in the fetus after childbirth. Dysbacteriosis causes discomfort in your personal life, negatively affects your mood, and much more.

Some patients resort to traditional methods of treatment. But folk recipes only help relieve the symptoms of the disease. Medicinal herbs only help strengthen the immune system. In this case, this applies to herbal infusions and teas.

To restore the acidic environment of the vagina, douching is used. A solution of boric acid is used. Douching is carried out daily for a week. Douching using herbal infusions has a good effect.