Skin rash in adults, causes and photos

We received several letters with the same request - to provide a sign that parents could use to diagnose it themselves. childhood infectious diseases. We are, of course, talking about the most common ones - such as chicken pox, rubella. All these diseases can be combined even by purely external manifestations - they are accompanied skin rash.
We, of course, would not be sorry to give such a sign, if not for some considerations. Well, firstly, we must take into account the increasing number of cases of atypical manifestations of these diseases. And secondly, we must not forget about the so-called differential diagnosis, when doctors say: yes, indeed, this is just such a disease, and not heels similar to it, but requiring a different approach to treatment, other quarantine measures, etc. So this table could serve only as a rough, approximate guide, but nothing more.

To begin with, one general rule: any child with any skin rash should be considered potentially dangerous to others as a spreader of a possible infection. This means that you cannot come with him to the clinic for a general appointment and sit in the general queue. The doctor must examine him either at home or in a special box. This will help avoid many troubles, not so much for the sick person himself, but for those around him.

Chicken pox in a child

The disease is caused by a virus, and the source of infection can be not only a patient with chickenpox, but also a person suffering from herpes zoster - the pathogen here is the same. Chickenpox (or simply chickenpox) is transmitted by airborne droplets. Patients are contagious from the end of the incubation period until the 5th day after the appearance of the rash. The incubation, that is, hidden, period lasts from 10 to 23 days - in other words, a child cannot get chickenpox before the 10th day after contact with another patient and is unlikely to get sick after the 23rd. This is important: it turns out that a child who has been in contact with a sick person can remain in a group until the 10th day without the danger of infecting anyone else.
Mostly children get chickenpox from 2 to 7 years, but in rare cases, newborns and adults can get sick.

The main symptom of the disease is the appearance of a rash consisting of individual spots. Each spot eventually turns into a nodule (papule), the nodule becomes a vesicle (vesicle), which bursts, leaving behind a crust. The first rashes (this is important to know!) usually appear on the scalp, where the doctor tries to detect them.

It would seem that everything is simple: if you see the corresponding element, make a diagnosis. And in 90% of cases this is what happens. But what about the remaining 10%? Various tricks may lie in wait here. Firstly, the rash can be very abundant, involving even the mucous membranes, and very scanty, consisting of only a few elements. Usually new rashes recur within 3-5 days, but it also happens that after appearing on the first day, the rash no longer appears.

Along with the mildest forms of chickenpox, very severe ones also occur, when the blisters fill with blood, become dead, leave behind deep ulcers, and become infected. The rash can appear in the mouth, on the genitals, and even inside the body - on the inside of the esophagus and intestinal walls. And all this is chicken pox.

Chickenpox must be differentiated from at least six diseases, including insect bites, scabies, and strophulus. There can be only one conclusion from all this: if you see suspicious bubbles on the scalp - call a doctor and don’t take such a child anywhere. Chickenpox is extremely contagious.

Measles in a child

Measles now belongs to the so-called vaccine-preventable infections, that is, those against which vaccination is carried out. This disease is caused by a virus, transmitted by airborne droplets and is accompanied by general intoxication, as well as severe catarrhal symptoms (fever, rough barking cough,). The rash is predominantly in the form of spots, which sometimes protrude slightly above the skin.

The incubation period usually lasts 9-17 days after contact with a sick person, but if the child was previously given gammaglobulin for prophylaxis, it can last up to 21 days.

A characteristic sign of measles is that due to damage to the mucous membrane of the eyes, it becomes painful for children to look at the light. One of the main symptoms that helps make a diagnosis is not even a rash, but the appearance on the cheek mucosa opposite the small molars of small whitish spots, surrounded by a red rim, up to 1.5 mm in diameter. After two or three days they disappear.

On the fourth day of the disease, when the child coughs, sneezes, his face becomes puffy, a rash appears: on the 1st day behind the ears and on the face, on the 2nd day on the torso, on the 3rd day on the arms and legs. At the same time, the temperature rises again and intoxication intensifies. At first, the rash has the character of pink spots, which over time merge, turn red, and become more convex.

The appearance of a measles patient at this time is very typical: the edges of the eyelids are inflamed, blood vessels are clearly visible on the sclera, the nose and upper lip are swollen, the face is puffy. From the end of the 3rd day, the rash begins to fade in the same order as it appeared, leaving behind pigmentation and pityriasis-like peeling.

It would seem that I clearly described the disease, and it would be difficult to confuse it with something else. However, in addition to this typical measles, there is also atypical measles: mitigated measles, measles in vaccinated people and measles in young children.

Mitigated measles occurs when the administration of gamma globulin, blood or plasma transfusion is performed after the 6th day of the incubation period. This form of the disease is mild, the classic sequence of appearance and extinction of the rash is disrupted, and catarrhal symptoms are mild.
Measles in vaccinated people depends on their condition: in its complete absence, the typical course of the disease develops, in the presence of residual antibodies, its mild form develops.

In children in the first six months of life, measles occurs in cases where the mothers did not have measles, and is very severe.

Fortunately, the most severe forms of this disease - hypertoxic and hemorrhagic - are now almost never encountered.

As for the differential diagnosis, here too it is quite complex and includes a range of diseases from the commonplace to pseudotuberculosis and allergies, including drug allergies.

Rubella in children

There has been a lot of talk about this not at all severe viral disease due to the fact that its connection with the appearance of congenital deformities in the fetus has been established - this infection is most dangerous for women in Russia. The issue of vaccinating girls against rubella has now been practically resolved.

The disease is manifested by enlargement of the occipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes and a small-spotted rash on the skin. Please note that the main thing here is the enlargement of the lymph nodes; doctors use this to make a diagnosis.

The source of infection is a sick person, who is dangerous from the end of the incubation period until the 5th, and sometimes until the 10-15th day of illness. With congenital rubella, the virus persists in the body for up to 2 years. The infection is transmitted by airborne droplets. After an infection, lasting immunity remains.

The incubation period is from 11 to 22 days. As I already said, the first symptom is an enlargement of the posterior cervical and occipital lymph nodes, which sometimes reach 10-15 mm in diameter and remain enlarged for up to 10-14 days. Sometimes these symptoms are mild, and the diagnosis is made only after the detection of a small-spotted rash, the individual spots of which do not merge and disappear without a trace 2-3 days from the onset of the rash. Rubella is characterized by thickening of the rash on the extensor surfaces, but it should be remembered that in about a third (!) of cases, the disease can occur without a rash at all, so the main and most important sign of rubella remains lymphadenitis.
This disease is differentiated from mitigated measles, and from scarlet fever, and from. So everything is not so simple here either.

Mumps (mumps) in a child

If rubella is potentially dangerous for pregnant women and girls should be vaccinated against it, then mumps is dangerous for boys: 25% of everything comes from the consequences of orchitis - inflammation of the testicles. Mumps is also a controlled infection; vaccinations against it have been carried out for several years.

The disease is caused by a virus and affects the parotid glands, other glandular organs and the central nervous system. The source of the disease is a sick person from the end of the incubation period until the 10th day from the onset of the disease. Mumps is transmitted by airborne droplets. 95% of cases are children from one to 15 years of age.

How does the disease begin? The temperature rises, the child complains of pain when opening the mouth and when chewing solid food. By the end of the first day, the parotid gland enlarges on one or both sides. The mouth becomes dry, and ear pain may occur.

When examining the oral cavity, the doctor detects swelling and redness around the salivary duct. Both the submandibular salivary glands and the sublingual glands may be involved in the process. Damage to the pancreas is often observed. There may also be damage to the nervous system - encephalitis. And although these complications are very rare, you should not tempt fate - it is best to vaccinate your child against mumps and not think about the possibility of such serious complications as deafness or testicular atrophy.

Is it always easy to diagnose mumps? No not always. It is necessary to differentiate this disease with submandibular lymphadenitis, and with purulent lesions of the parotid gland, and with salivary stone disease, and with a number of other diseases. Vaccinated people may experience an erased form of mumps.

Scarlet fever in a child

Scarlet fever is a disease caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus group A. It is characterized by intoxication, sore throat with cervical lymphadenitis and pinpoint rash. The source of infection is patients with scarlet fever, tonsillitis, streptococcal nasopharyngitis and even healthy carriers of streptococcus.

The infection is transmitted both by airborne droplets and through infected things and food. Scarlet fever, unlike previous infections, can be contracted again. There are no vaccinations against it.

In a typical case, the disease begins acutely, with a rise in temperature to 38-40°C, vomiting, and the appearance of a sore throat when swallowing. The changes in the pharynx on the first day are small, which does not at all correspond to the degree of painful intoxication.

By the end of the first day or on the second, a pinpoint rash suddenly appears on the skin with thickening in the groin and elbow folds, popliteal and axillary fossae, on the inner surfaces of the shoulders, the lateral surfaces of the chest and on the abdomen. The rash is small, profuse, pink-red. The skin is dry, rough, and in many patients a pale nasolabial triangle is noticeable against the background of reddened cheeks. Increased fragility of blood vessels, which manifests itself when trying to measure or when examining injection sites - bruising is visible there more than usual.

The rash can last from several hours to 6-7 days. Depending on the severity of the disease, peeling of the skin begins in the first or second week: on the neck, earlobes and torso - pityriasis-like, on the palms and feet - lamellar.

Changes in the pharynx, the condition of the lymph nodes and tongue help make a diagnosis. The pharynx is bright, very red, glowing, the redness is sharply defined. Tonsillitis is required - without plaque or with plaque (in severe scarlet fever, even necrotic). The lymph nodes at the angle of the jaw are enlarged, dense and painful. The tongue is thickly covered with a white coating, from the second day it begins to clear from the edges and has a crimson tint, which persists until the 11-12th day of illness.

Scarlet fever is one of the brightest diseases, but difficulties in diagnosis lie in wait here too.
Firstly, there are several atypical forms that do not depend on damage to the pharynx. These are wound, burn, and postpartum forms of scarlet fever. There are mild forms in which the rash is ephemeral, and changes in the pharynx are insignificant, and the diagnosis is made on the basis of peeling of the skin. Scarlet fever must be differentiated from pseudotuberculosis, prickly heat, diphtheria of the throat, rubella, measles, drug allergies and a number of other diseases. So here, in a number of cases, it is not possible to get by with a short description, but considerable experience of a doctor - a pediatrician and an infectious disease specialist - is needed.

There are also a number of specific tests that make it possible to clarify the diagnosis in difficult cases, in particular, the determination of antibodies. Therefore, I can only advise one thing: if you suspect an infection, put the child to bed, isolate him from others if possible, and call a doctor. Only he can take responsibility for the final diagnosis.

A rash in infectious diseases is one of the most characteristic symptoms by which doctors can make a diagnosis after a visual examination. You need to know that for each disease the nature of the rash differs in the type of elements of the rash, its location and time of appearance.

Sometimes patients confuse such symptoms with allergies and, as a result, do not begin adequate treatment on time. This also risks the fact that a sick person will spread the infection among those around him. In addition, untimely treatment causes many complications.

In this material we will talk about how to distinguish an infectious rash from allergy manifestations, how the rashes differ depending on the type of disease and how to treat them.

Rash due to infectious diseases

How to distinguish an allergic rash from an infectious one

Rash from dangerous diseases can affect the skin and mucous membranes. It differs from allergic dermatitis by the following factors:

• rashes appear in stages;
• each disease causes a specific localization of the rash;
• the doctor will visually notice differences in the intensity of manifestations;
• rashes appear on certain days after the onset of the disease

Before determining which infectious diseases cause a rash, you need to familiarize yourself with the main symptoms of such diseases, which you need to immediately pay attention to:

1. In 99% of cases, an infectious rash is accompanied by fever and general unsatisfactory condition.
2. The patient feels weakened, gets tired quickly, and may have a headache. Often all this is complicated by a feeling of nausea, which can turn into vomiting. In some diseases, diarrhea is added.
3. A person's lymph nodes have become enlarged.
4. The skin on the feet and palms began to flake off (peeling).
5. Bubbles with pus inside appeared on the skin.
6. Similar symptoms began in family members of the sick person or in other people from his immediate environment.

If you notice one or more of these signs, contact your doctor immediately and do not try to treat yourself. The sooner you start treatment, the easier it will be to cope with the disease and avoid complications.

Infectious rash in children

Pediatricians identify several types of infectious rashes on a child’s body. Each of these types is inherent in a specific viral disease: erythema infectiosum, roseola infantile, measles, etc.

The spread of this rash in children occurs rapidly. Harmful microbes multiply quickly on a child's skin. They spread the disease throughout the body through the blood. The rash becomes the body's response to foreign bacteria.

If papules (blisters with fluid or pus) appear on the skin, this is usually due to direct infection of the skin.

This kind of rash can be a sign of an acute or chronic disease. Acute pathologies include chickenpox, scarlet fever, measles and other diseases. Chronic ones include syphilis, tuberculosis, etc. Sometimes the rash becomes the first sign of infection, sometimes it becomes secondary. For some diseases it is an atypical symptom.

Infectious rash in adults

There are several types of rash. Experts classify them according to the location, features and structure of the elements.

1. If the rash is localized on the skin, then such a rash is called exanthema.
2. If the rash appears on the mucous membranes (respiratory tract, mouth and genitals), it is classified as enanthema.
3. Roseola (in the form of small round spots measuring 1-10 mm).
4. Spots (up to 10 mm in size).
5. Hemorrhages (subcutaneous hemorrhage).
6. If small nodules are visible above the skin, the rash is called papular.
7. When the rashes are filled with pus inside, they are pustules. If they burst, a crust or small scar forms in their place.
8. And the last type of infectious rash in adults is vesicles. These are semicircular formations with serous exudate, in the place of which, upon opening, an ulcer forms.

Types of rashes in infectious diseases

Now we will list in more detail the infectious diseases accompanied by a rash and talk about the main distinguishing symptoms.

Scarlet fever

With this disease, an infectious rash on the skin appears on the first day, much less often on the second day. In appearance, the rashes appear to be continuous reddened skin, but if you look at them closely, tiny pink dots become noticeable. If the disease is severe, the rash may take on a bluish tint. After about two days, the disease becomes paler and then turns brown.

The first rash appears on the face. It affects the cheeks the most. There are practically no rashes in the nasolabial area: this area looks like a white spot and visually stands out on a reddened face. After a few hours, the rash begins to spread on the stomach, back and neck. Then it appears on the thighs, forearms, armpits, elbows and skin folds.

Along with the rash, the patient’s temperature rises, the lymph nodes become enlarged, the throat begins to hurt, and a light coating appears on the tongue. After a day of illness, the tongue turns red, and the papillae on it enlarge.

Infectious rash on the face due to mononucleosis

This disease is more common in children and adolescents. It is accompanied by tonsillitis, enlarged liver and spleen, enlarged lymph nodes and swelling of the nasopharyngeal tonsil. Mononucleosis is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. It should be noted that the causative agent of mononucleosis is cytomegalovirus and herpes type 6, all of which belong to a type of herpes. With mononucleosis, the virus enters the body through airborne droplets and remains there for life. If immunity decreases, the disease may appear again.

A rash with infectious mononucleosis appears in 20-25% of patients. It appears on the 5th and 7th days of the disease in the form of fairly intense spots ranging in size from five millimeters to one and a half centimeters. The spots may merge with each other. Most of the rashes are on the face. As the disease progresses, the rash spreads to the body.

You need to know that rashes with monouncleosis do not itch. If a patient experiences itchy skin after taking antibiotics, this indicates an allergy to the components of the medication.

There is no specific treatment for the disease. It is usually treated at home, with bed rest, and therapy is aimed at relieving symptoms.

Infectious rash on the body due to rubella

With this disease, the surface of the body is covered with small pale pink spots. They do not merge with each other and occur mainly on the lateral parts of the body, as well as on the buttocks, arms and legs. A rash begins to appear already on the first day of illness - first on the face, then on the neck and entire body.

Visual manifestations are accompanied by fever, aching joints, intoxication (insomnia, weakness), and swollen lymph nodes. In adults, the disease develops much more severely than in children.

There are no special drugs to treat rubella. Doctors only prescribe medications to relieve symptoms and speed up the body's recovery.

Meningococcal rash

With this dangerous disease, an infectious rash occurs within the first hours after the development of symptoms of intoxication. In rare cases, it appears on the second day. Most often, before the rash, the patient complains of inflammation of the pharynx and nasal cavity. These symptoms do not go away within five days.

Then the patient’s temperature rises greatly, their health deteriorates significantly and a rash appears in the form of roseola or papules.

The rash quickly increases and spreads throughout the body. They turn red (dark red rash with a bluish tint) and protrude above healthy skin. The rash is mainly concentrated on the face, buttocks, trunk and limbs.

Measles rash

With a disease such as measles, the appearance of a rash is noted on the 3rd or 4th day. The rashes look like papules. In addition, light spots appear in the mouth.

The first elements of the rash are usually localized in the area of ​​the bridge of the nose and behind the ears. They very quickly spread to the face, and the next day they appear in the upper back, chest and arms. The rash last affects the legs. When new elements of the rash stop appearing, the spots gradually become reddish-brown, and the rash ends with peeling.

All this is accompanied by fever, runny nose, conjunctivitis and cough.

Chickenpox rash

Chicken pox most often affects preschoolers and elementary school students. With this disease, a vesicular rash spreads throughout the body, as well as on the mucous membranes. Sometimes people have virtually no free space on their body. And the older the person, the more painful this disease is.

The first elements of the rash appear under the hair on the head and in the groin area and then spread to the whole body. Only the feet and palms remain clean. When the bubbles open, crusts and small pits remain in their place.

Herpes rashes

An infectious rash appears in two types of this disease. The first of them affects the face, as well as mucous membranes, the second is localized in the genital area. But sometimes each of these viruses can appear in other places.

With herpes, the elements of the rash hurt, burn and itch. After 1-2 days the bubbles become larger, and after two or four days they burst. In their place, ulcers form, which then crust over and heal.

With herpes, a person may feel tired and weak. It depends on how serious the disease is.

Infectious rash due to scabies

In babies under one year of age, scabies mites are most often located on the soles of the feet and palms. The rash can form on the back of the head, in the area of ​​natural folds of the skin, as well as in the navel and nipples.

How does an infectious rash differ in different diseases:

How to treat an infectious rash

Rashes appear not only with the above diseases, but also with others. For each disease, the nature of the rash is different. The diseases we talked about are more common than others. They pose a serious danger to adults.

Almost all such diseases begin with the manifestation of general intoxication, fever and poor health. The rash may not appear immediately. Under no circumstances should you ignore these symptoms or try to treat the rash on your own. The infection itself needs to be treated first, and the rash only helps the doctor make a diagnosis.

For each disease, the doctor prescribes a separate method of treating both the rash and other symptoms. Patients often require hospitalization or isolation from other people to prevent the spread of the disease.

Treatment of infectious diseases with rash is symptomatic: antipyretics and painkillers, plenty of fluids, bed rest. Elements of the rash are treated with local ointments, which dry out the blisters and relieve itching. In some cases, doctors additionally prescribe antihistamines and ointments with glucocorticoids. As a rule, by the fifth day of the disease, antibodies are produced in the body, and symptoms begin to decrease until complete recovery.

Cream La-Cri after an infectious rash

Due to inflammation and rashes, the skin becomes especially vulnerable and sensitive. During this period, it is advisable to abandon conventional body creams in favor of gentle products that accelerate the restoration of the skin.

La Cree cream for sensitive skin is suitable in such a situation. This product is designed specifically to treat redness, peeling and rashes. The cream reduces itching and softens inflammation.

Even children can use the cream, as the product has a safe, non-hormonal composition. All active ingredients are natural, so the cream is suitable for long-term use.

Extracts of string, walnut, violet and bisabolol, as well as panthenol and avocado oil accelerate skin regeneration, soften and moisturize the skin, heal wounds and have an antimicrobial effect.

The use of this product will speed up recovery and help restore beauty to the skin as quickly as possible and get rid of the unpleasant manifestations of the rash.

It's no secret that babies' skin is very delicate and often breaks out in rashes or turns red. First of all, this is a signal that the baby’s body is exposed to adverse factors. Parents should read the instructions rash on a child's body photo with explanations, so as not to be scared at the first manifestations, but to help your child. Parents should have clear ideas about what to do if their child has a rash.

Poor environment and food that does not meet standards are the root cause of most diseases. But sometimes we provoke ourselves rash on a child's body.

Such provoking factors may be: the use of medications without prior examination, the use of aggressive household chemicals when cleaning, washing children's clothes and washing dishes.

Including a large number of sweets or citrus fruits in the child’s menu, using inappropriate milk formula, and not maintaining hygiene in everyday life and food. Having established the reasons, there is a chance to restore the child’s health.

Allergic rash in children photo

The child’s body’s reaction to allergens is an allergic rash. This is an ominous symptom, indicating that it is necessary to identify allergens and exclude the possibility of their exposure. If measures are not taken, the allergy will develop and turn into severe incurable forms. Risk factors are products containing allergens: chocolate, honey, citrus fruits, rose hips, eggs, infant formula. At the first signs of an allergic rash, it is too early to sound the alarm, but the signal from the child’s body should not go unheeded.
Tips for parents

Infants receive allergens from their mother's milk. For example, if a mother eats a lot of oranges, then after feeding the baby, a rash will soon appear on his skin. Pregnant women can give their baby allergies if they don't eat right. There are known cases when, using rosehip decoction in large quantities, a mother provoked an allergy in her baby, who began to suffer a month after birth. Hereditary factors also matter, and if the family suffered from such a terrible disease, then certain forms of allergies will be observed in children.

A child has a rash all over his body without fever

Erythema toxic may cause a rash without fever. Irregular red spots cover ninety percent of the body . A child has a rash all over his body without fever disappears after three days as toxins are removed from the body. Water on polysorb or other sorbents will help remove toxins.

Occurs in babies up to six months old. If you regularly bathe your child with baby soap, the rash will go away without a trace. The sebaceous glands restore their function, and the skin becomes clean and beautiful. Children need more air baths and cleanliness, less chemicals, good nutrition and care.

Allergic rash almost never accompanied by fever, but can lead to shock and even suffocation. You shouldn’t be especially alarmed if this is an isolated case, but if the rash recurs, you should identify the allergens and undergo treatment. Allergies can result in asthma or psoriasis. In childhood, it is easier to restore normal functioning of the immune system. If an allergy is left untreated, the consequences can be terrifying. In the chronic stage of allergies, the body destroys itself.

Rash due to enterovirus infection in children photo

If a rash appears on the child’s face or body and is accompanied by nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, then there is every reason to believe that the baby has caught enterovirus infection. Abdominal pain also indicates a virus. Recognize rash due to enterovirus infection in children photo will help:

This rash has the configuration of red small nodules, with many nodules localized in the chest and back, arms and legs, and face.

A rash may also appear on the mucous membranes of the mouth and tonsils. In this case, the child experiences pain when swallowing and loss of appetite.

You should consult a doctor immediately, since the rash is very similar to the manifestations of measles and will require examination and collection of tests. Once the diagnosis is made, it is necessary to take the doctor’s prescriptions. As a rule, a viral rash is accompanied by a cough and runny nose, but goes away within five or seven days without a trace.

Rash on a child's back

The rash on the back is accompanied by itching and the baby experiences discomfort and cries. This localization of the rash is typical when prickly heat when the child is overly wrapped or rarely washed. With heat rash, the rash on the child’s back is pink and very small and itchy.

Pustular acne on the back appears when vesiculopusulosis. They are filled with liquid and constantly burst, causing suffering and infecting areas of the skin around them. You should not bathe a child with such symptoms. It is necessary to treat bursting blisters with brilliant green so as not to become infected again.

Rash when scarlet fever also localized on the back. If before the appearance of the rash there was a fever and a headache, then these are signs of scarlet fever - an infectious disease. You should quickly consult a doctor for help and get tests done. Treatment will help avoid complications.

Even sunbathing can cause rash on baby's back. The best time to tan is morning and evening, but during the day your baby's skin may become blistered as a result of sunburn. After-sun milk or regular sour cream will help relieve redness.

Rash on a child's stomach

At food allergies The rash appears first on the abdomen. For example, if a child eats a bucket of strawberries, then within three hours he will be covered in a rash, starting from the stomach and to the top of the head, arms and legs. There will definitely be itching, and the child will be worried.

Rash on a child's stomach may appear when psoriasis– severe immune disease. But psoriasis is usually preceded by another immune disease - allergies. This rash first appears in the form of small pink papules covered with white scales in the navel area and between the ribs, in the lower abdomen, but if the scales are removed, the papule becomes bloody.

For infectious scabies Also, the rash breaks out in the abdomen first. At the same time, dark dots are visible on the papule - scabies mites nest there. For scabies, an infectious disease doctor prescribes special medications and ointments and isolates the patient from others.

To prevent a child from getting scabies at home and in kindergarten, it is necessary to change underwear and bed linen more often, and avoid contact with sick people.

The appearance of a rash in various diseases is just a visible part of the damage to human tissue. We don’t see most of it, because the internal organs and blood suffer more.

Red rash on a child's body

Accompanied by temperature red rash on a child's body happens when rubella- infectious disease.

You can get infected easily, but it goes away rubella difficult, sometimes with complications. With rubella, the lymph nodes also become enlarged. After taking treatment and restoring health in quarantine, the disease recedes and the skin becomes clear.

Scary symptom of meningococcal infection is red star-shaped rash. These are hemorrhages of blood vessels under the skin. The color may also be purple or bluish. At the first signs of such a rash, parents should take the child to the hospital and preferably immediately to the infectious diseases department. They will do the necessary tests faster there.

Scarlet fever rash also red. It starts under the arms and then goes down. At the end of the disease, the skin peels off and turns white.

Measles characterized by a red rash. Not only the child’s body, but also the face can become covered with a solid red spot within a day.

Skin rashes appear as a sudden appearance on the skin in any area of ​​the body. The rash is characterized by changes in the skin, redness or blanching, and itching. A symptom can form as a local reaction to external provoking factors or manifest itself as a sign of the development of a pathological process. There are quite a lot of diseases that manifest themselves in the form of skin rashes, therefore the etiology of the symptom is varied.

Etiology

Skin rashes in adults and children can be formed under the influence of the following factors:

• infections;
• allergy;
• disease of the blood and blood vessels.

The most common cause of symptoms is considered to be infectious infection. Doctors include such diseases as -, etc. These diseases manifest themselves in a characteristic rash, which is accompanied by, in the head, throat and abdomen, and stool disturbances.

Allergic skin rashes are also often diagnosed by doctors. This form of symptom development can be recognized by the absence of signs of infectious infection, as well as contact with the allergen. Very often, parents can notice a similar reaction on the child’s body. Provoking factors include food, animals, chemicals, and drugs.

If blood circulation is impaired and vascular disease, the patient may experience a rash for the following reasons:

• decreased number or impaired functionality of platelets;
• impaired vascular permeability.

Sometimes a symptom develops in non-infectious diseases, these include:

• senile keratoma;
• chloasma;
• flat warts;
• intertrigo;

Skin rashes form due to liver disease. If the organ's functioning is disrupted, the patient's skin tone changes and a rash appears.

Characteristic red rashes can be from insect bites, acne, psoriasis, fungal diseases and scabies. Also, redness on the skin can be caused by prickly heat.

Classification

Clinicians have determined that the types of rashes can include the following manifestations:

• spots – there are red, brown, white macules;
• blisters - appear as a dense and rough formation on the skin;
• papules - an element that looks like nodules in the thickness of the skin;
• blisters - they can be large or small, formed in the skin cavity with a clear liquid;
• erosions and ulcers – when formed, the integrity of the skin is compromised;
• crusts - appear on the site of former blisters, pustules, ulcers.

All of the listed types of rashes on the body are divided into primary and secondary. The first type includes nodules, blisters, ulcers, and blisters. And the second group of types of rash consists of the appearance of peeling, erosion, abrasions, and crusts.

Symptoms

If skin rashes in children and adults develop against the background of deteriorating liver function, then characteristic symptoms may indicate this:

• yellow tint of the skin;
• foul odor;
• heavy sweating;
• pain in the liver area;
• itchy rashes on the body;
• sudden weight loss;
• broken stool;
• brown tongue;
• bitter taste in the mouth;
• the appearance of cracks in the tongue;
• venous pattern on the abdomen.

If the cause is an infectious disease, then a person’s skin rashes can begin on the skin of the hands, move to the face, legs, and gradually affect the whole body. With rubella, the patient is first overcome by a rash on the face and spreads throughout the skin. The first foci of inflammation are localized in places where the surface of the limbs is most often bent, near the joints, on the back and buttocks. All rashes can be of different shades - pink, red, pale, brown.

Infectious pathologies often manifest themselves not only in rashes, but also in other signs. The disease can be established in more detail using the following clinical picture:

• elevated temperature;
• malaise;
• painful attacks;
• certain areas on the patient’s body become inflamed, for example, eyes, tonsils, etc.;
• May be ;
• rapid heartbeat;
• burning.

Rashes on the skin in the form of red spots are characteristic of the development of such infectious diseases as chickenpox, rubella, measles, scarlet fever.

Diagnostics

If any manifestations of the above symptoms are detected, the patient should urgently seek the help of a doctor. You can consult about rashes on the skin at,. After an initial physical examination and minimal testing, the doctor will refer the patient to another specialist if the cause of the illness is not inflammation, allergy or infection.

Treatment

Treatment of allergic skin rashes is prescribed by a doctor only after diagnosis has been made. Therapy is based on eliminating the etiological factor, so the drugs must be selected accordingly.

If a person develops a rash from mechanical damage or prickly heat, then there is nothing wrong with such a manifestation. At home, you can anoint the inflamed area with cream or oil to slightly relieve swelling and itching. Over time, the symptom will disappear. You can also eliminate the symptoms of the disease at home with the following advice from doctors:

• wear things made of natural cotton to avoid irritation;
• wash the body with baby soap or shower gel;
• Eliminate from life all things that can cause skin rashes.

If the patient’s symptoms are more pronounced, have characteristic indicators, and cause discomfort to the patient, then a consultation with a dermatologist is necessary.

If the disease is caused by an allergy, then it is important for the doctor to identify this allergen using a test and then prescribe treatment. The patient must move away from this item or remove the product from the diet. This symptom can also be cured with antihistamine ointments and tablets.

If an external sign, namely a rash, has developed from a virus, and the symptoms of the disease are supplemented by fever, then the patient can be given antipyretic medications. When the disease becomes more complicated, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications are prescribed.

In medicine, there are usually six types of primary infectious rash in a child. These include rashes associated with scarlet fever, erythema infectiosum, mononucleosis, measles, roseola infantum and rubella.

Signs of infectious rashes in children

The infectious nature of the rash is indicated by a number of symptoms accompanying the course of the disease. These signs include:

• intoxication syndrome, which includes fever, weakness, malaise, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headaches and muscle pain, etc.;
• signs of a specific disease, for example, with measles, Filatov-Koplik spots appear, with scarlet fever, limited redness of the pharynx and others are usually noted;
• In most cases, infectious diseases can be traced to a cyclical course; cases of similar pathologies have also been observed in family members of the patient, co-workers, friends and acquaintances, that is, people who have had close contact with him. But it must be taken into account that the nature of the rash can be the same for various diseases.

In children, an infectious rash most often spreads through contact or hematogenous routes. Its development is associated with the rapid proliferation of pathogenic microbes on the baby’s skin, their transfer through the blood plasma, infection of blood cells, the occurrence of the “antigen-antibody” reaction, as well as increased sensitivity to certain antigens secreted by bacteria that cause infection.

Papular rashes, which later begin to weep, are often caused by direct infection of the skin with pathogenic microorganisms or viruses. However, the same rash can appear under the influence of the immune system upon exposure to a pathogen.

Diagnosis of infectious rashes

When diagnosing maculopapular rashes and nonvesicular rashes caused by viral infection, the palms and soles become predominantly affected, which is otherwise quite rare. Thus, for bacterial and fungal infections, immune diseases, as well as side effects on various medications, such a lesion zone is absolutely not typical.

An infectious rash in a child can accompany both acute and chronic diseases. Among acute pathologies, rashes most often manifest themselves as measles, chickenpox, scarlet fever and others, and among chronic pathologies - tuberculosis, syphilis and others. At the same time, the diagnostic significance of the elements of the rash may be different. So, in one case, the diagnosis can be made based on characteristic rashes alone, in others, the elements of the rash become a secondary diagnostic sign, and in others, the rash is an atypical symptom.

Measles rash

Measles is an infectious disease characterized by intoxication, fever, damage to the upper organs of the respiratory system, severe cyclicity and a skin rash in the form of spots and papules. This pathology is easily transmitted through contact with a sick person through airborne droplets. Rashes usually appear on the 3-4th day of illness. In recent years, the prevalence of measles has decreased sharply, this is due to timely vaccination. In the absence of antibodies to the causative agent of measles in the blood, a person is very susceptible to this disease.

The first elements of the rash may appear on the third, or in more rare cases on the second or fifth day of illness. Typically, skin manifestations of measles persist for about 4 days, after which they begin to reverse. In this case, the rash has a pronounced staged pattern. The areas of the bridge of the nose and behind the ear are the first to be affected, then the face and neck, then the torso and arms, and lastly the legs, feet and hands. By the fourth day, the elements become brownish in color and lose their papular character. Subsequently, pigmentation forms at this place, in some cases flaking. The individual elements of the measles rash are round in shape, often merge together, and rise above the surrounding skin, which remains unchanged.

To diagnose measles, the following aspects of the disease and characteristic manifestations are important:

An abrupt onset of the disease, a rapid increase in temperature, cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, severe lacrimation and severe photophobia.

On the second day, Velsky-Filatov-Koplik spots begin to appear on the inner surface of the cheeks. They are small white dots around which there is a zone of hyperemia. The spots last for about two days and then disappear, leaving behind loose mucous membrane.

There are clear stages in the course of the disease. The rash appears on day 3-4. On the first day, the rash affects the face, on the second – the torso, and on the third – the limbs. One can note the peculiar development of the elements: at first it is a spot or papule, approximately 5 mm in size, then it quickly grows to 1-1.5 cm, while individual spots often merge into a continuous surface.

Character of the rash: profuse, prone to fusion, often takes on a hemorrhagic appearance.

Regression of the rash begins approximately three days after its appearance and goes away in the same order in which it appeared.

In some cases, rashes characteristic of measles may occur in a child during the period after live measles vaccination. This period can last up to 10 days from the date of vaccine administration. In addition to an infectious rash, the child may experience low-grade fever, conjunctivitis that lasts several days, cough, runny nose and other symptoms. In such cases, the appearing elements are not abundant and do not merge. The rash occurs without the typical stages of measles. The diagnosis is made based on examination, questioning and medical history.

Rubella

The causative agent of rubella is a virus. With this disease, there is an increase in lymph nodes located in the occipital region and back of the neck, as well as the appearance of an infectious rash. This pathology often occurs in children of primary school age and adolescence. Most often it is transmitted by airborne droplets; a transplacental route is possible. Depending on this, the disease is divided into congenital and acquired.

Congenital rubella is a rather dangerous pathology, since it has a teratogenic effect on the child, as a result of which various deformities may occur. The most common is the classic syndrome accompanying congenital rubella. It is manifested by three pathologies: a defect of the cardiovascular system, cataracts and deafness. Less common is the so-called extended syndrome, in which pathologies in the development of the nervous, genitourinary or digestive systems are noted.

Acquired rubella is a less dangerous disease. In childhood, its course is usually mild, and the temperature increase is not severe. In adolescence, all symptoms are more pronounced: the temperature reaches febrile levels, signs of intoxication and joint pain are noted. An infectious rash appears already on the first day of illness, in more rare cases - on the second. Elements of rashes form very quickly, most often within a day. The face is affected first, then the rash spreads to the neck, torso and limbs. The most favorite localization is the sides, extensor parts of the legs and arms, and buttocks. The rash remains on the skin for about three days, less often – up to a week, after which it disappears, leaving no traces.

In about one in five cases, rubella occurs without a rash. Such forms are very difficult to diagnose and recognize. However, they pose a certain danger, mainly due to the possibility of contact and infection of pregnant women.

In most cases, the course of acquired rubella is benign. Complications occur rarely, most often in older children and adolescents. Complications can manifest themselves in the form of meningoencephalitis or simple encephalitis, which are characterized by a fairly high mortality rate; also, after rubella, arthralgia, thrombocytopenic purpura or arthritis can develop.

Enterovirus infection

This disease is mostly very severe, accompanied by high fever. In addition, symptoms of enterovirus infection include gastroenteritis, herpetic sore throat, muscle pain, serous meningitis, and polio-like syndrome.

An infectious rash in a child affected by enterovirus occurs approximately 3-4 days after the onset of the disease. Usually its appearance is accompanied by normalization of temperature and noticeable relief of the patient’s condition. Rashes form immediately, throughout the day. The face and torso are predominantly affected. The characteristic appearance of the rash is macular or maculopapular. The size of the elements may vary, the color is pink. The rash lasts for several days (no longer than 4) and then disappears. In rare cases, pigmentation remains in their place.

Infectious mononucleosis

The causative agent of infectious mononucleosis is the Epstein-Barr virus. Characteristic manifestations of the disease are generalized lymphadenopathy, severe fever, tonsillitis, hepatosplenomegaly and the formation of atypical mononuclear cells in the blood. Children and adolescents are more likely to develop mononucleosis. The virus that causes this pathology is a DNA-containing virus and belongs to the group of herpes viruses. It can cause cancers such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. Infectious mononucleosis is difficult to transmit, that is, it is low contagious.

In most cases, this disease does not cause a rash. If it appears, then on about the fifth day. The elements of the rash look like irregularly shaped spots, the size of which is 0.5-1.5 cm. Sometimes these spots merge into a common surface. Typically, the rash is more severe on the face, and the extremities and trunk may also be affected. The rash appears chaotically, without characteristic stages, this is the difference from measles. In infectious mononucleosis, the rashes are polymorphic and exudative in nature. The size of individual elements may vary significantly. The appearance of the rash is not associated with any specific period of the illness: it can appear both on the first day of the illness and at the end of it. Usually it remains on the skin for several days, after which it disappears without a trace or with slight pigmentation in its place.

Skin manifestations of hepatitis B

Typical skin lesions that occur with hepatitis B include Crosti-Gianotti syndrome, which is characteristic of young children and manifests itself in the form of papular acrodermatitis, and urticaria. The latter becomes a characteristic symptom indicating the prodromal stage of the disease. The rash is present on the skin for a couple of days. By the time they disappear, jaundice and joint pain begin. The rash may appear as macules, papules, or petechiae.

Crosti-Gianotti syndrome often accompanies the anicteric form of the disease. However, other signs of hepatitis B appear simultaneously with the rash or much later. The rash remains on the skin for up to three weeks.

Erythema infectiosum

This disease is caused by human parovirus. The course of erythema infectiosum is usually mild; it is a low-contagious and self-limiting pathology. The rash with this disease looks like papules or macules. With infectious erythema, the prodromal period is weakly expressed, and general well-being is practically not affected. Children are more susceptible to this disease; in adults it is much less common.

Sudden exanthema

This pathology is caused by the herpes simplex virus, belonging to the sixth type, is characterized by an acute course and affects mainly young children. The disease begins with a sharp rise in temperature to 40-41 degrees, fever can persist for several days. In this case, the symptoms of intoxication are mild or completely absent. In addition to fever, generalized lymphadenopathy and rashes are noted. Skin manifestations usually occur after the temperature has normalized, approximately on the third or fourth day. Elements of an infectious rash can be spots, macules or pustules. The rash remains on the skin for about a day, after which it disappears without any traces.

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is one of the diseases caused by streptococcus. A rash with this pathology usually appears towards the end of the first or beginning of the second day of illness. Then it quickly covers the entire body. First of all, the elements of the rash affect the face, especially the cheeks, then the neck, arms, legs and torso. Favorite localizations of the rash are the inner surfaces of the arms and legs, chest, lateral surfaces of the chest, lower back, fold areas: elbows, armpits, popliteal cavities, groin. The elements of the rash are represented by small roseola, the diameter of which is about 2 mm. The skin under the rash is hyperemic. Immediately after the appearance, the color of the rash is quite bright, and then it noticeably fades.

Meningococcal infection

With this disease, the rash appears within the first few hours, in more rare cases - by the second day. Before the rash occurs, the patient may experience symptoms of inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity and pharynx; this phenomenon lasts about five days. Then pronounced signs of intoxication appear, the temperature rises greatly, and elements of a rash appear. They can be represented by roseola or papules and quickly develop into a hemorrhagic rash that spreads and increases in size. Such hemorrhages protrude above the surface of the body. The predominant localization of rashes is the face, limbs, buttocks and torso.

Felinosis, or cat scratch disease

Another name for this disease is benign lymphoreticulosis. This is an inflammatory process that affects the lymph nodes and is characterized by a purulent nature. The causative agent of this disease is chlamydia, transmitted to humans through a scratch or cat bite. Manifestations of felinosis include fever, local lymphadenitis, and prolonged healing of the resulting skin injuries. At the beginning, the skin changes appear as reddish papules that are painless to the touch. In the future, they can fester, and when they heal, there is no scar left. Two weeks after receiving a scratch from an animal, local lymph nodes enlarge, most often the axillary nodes are affected, less often the inguinal or cervical nodes. After about two months, the lymph nodes return to normal. However, in almost a third of cases, the lymph nodes melt.

Yersiniosis and pseudotuberculosis

Symptoms of these diseases are severe intoxication, damage to the musculoskeletal system and abdominal cavity; in most cases, patients also experience the formation of an infectious rash on the skin. The clinical picture for both pathologies is quite similar. An accurate diagnosis can only be made based on certain laboratory tests.

Pseudotuberculosis is characterized by the simultaneous appearance of a rash, which usually occurs on the 3rd day from the onset of the disease. The rashes are most often located symmetrically on the sides of the torso, lower abdomen, groin, area of ​​the main joints of the arms and legs, mainly on the flexor part. But the entire surface of the body can be affected. At a time when there was no description of the etiology and mechanism of the disease, it was called DSF, which stands for Far Eastern scarlet fever.

Paratyphoid and typhoid fever

Paratyphoid types A, B or C, as well as typhoid fever, are caused by microorganisms related to Salmonella. These pathologies are characterized by all the symptoms of intoxication, severe fever, hepatosplenomegaly and a rash that looks like roseola. The clinical manifestations of both these diseases are similar. They usually begin acutely, suddenly with a sharp rise in temperature to 39 degrees and above. In addition, lethargy, weakness, apathy, malaise, etc. may be noted. Over time, symptoms tend to increase. In other words, the child becomes more and more lethargic, does not make contact, and refuses to eat. Typically, this causes an enlargement of the spleen and liver, the tongue becomes coated, and clear teeth marks are visible along its edges. By the second week from the onset of the disease, roseola appears on the skin, most often their number is small, the lateral parts of the chest and abdomen are affected.

Erysipelas

This disease is characterized by damage to the skin with the appearance of pronounced, limited lesions and symptoms of intoxication of the body. It is caused by a streptococcal infection. In this case, the element of the rash becomes hyperemia, which has a bright color, clear edges and a limited affected area. Its boundaries may take on an irregular shape. Typical areas where the rash appears are the eyelids, ears, and hands and feet. The skin under the elements of the rash swells noticeably. In this case, there is inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes and blood vessels from the site of skin lesions to regional nodes. If treatment is not started in a timely manner, erysipelas grows quickly and can lead to severe intoxication of the body and sepsis.

Congenital syphilis and rashes in children

Syphilitic rashes characteristic of the congenital form of syphilis usually occur in the first weeks and months of a child’s life. In this case, an infectious rash in a child looks like large spots, in some cases having a brownish color, or small nodules. In addition to the rash, there is an enlargement of the spleen and liver, severe anemia and positive tests for syphilis.

Borreliosis

Borreliosis is also called Lyme disease or tick-borne erythema. This pathology is characterized by an acute course and is caused by a spirochete. Infection occurs through tick bites. Symptoms of borreliosis include skin rashes and damage to the heart, nervous system and joints. This disease is common in areas where ixodid ticks are found.

Rashes due to helminthiasis and leishmaniasis

There are two types of cutaneous leishmaniasis: rural, or acute necrotizing, and urban, or late ulcerating. The first of them is carried in most cases by small rodents, such as gophers, hamsters, gerbils and others. The source of urban leishmaniasis is humans. The causative agents of this disease are carried by mosquitoes. The incubation period is quite long. In most cases it lasts about two months, but sometimes it can last several years.

A characteristic manifestation of cutaneous leishmaniasis is skin lesions in the area where the mosquito has bitten. As already mentioned, there are two types of disease, depending on the type of lesion. In the urban form of the disease, the elements of the infectious rash that appear on the skin are dry, while in the rural form they are weeping. After mosquito bites, exposed parts of the body become covered with itchy papules that grow quickly. After a few months, sometimes after six months, an ulcer with a granulosa base appears at the site of the lesion, the size of which can be more than 1 cm. It is painful to the touch, covered with a crust on top and does not heal for a long time. Healing occurs suddenly, usually a couple of months pass before this moment, and a thin, white scar forms at the site of the lesion. The causative agents of the disease can penetrate the lymphatic vessels, move along them and infect new areas, which is determined by inflammation of the lymph nodes and swelling of the tissue. As a rule, the weeping form of leishmaniasis develops more dynamically and quickly. After an illness, a strong immunity is formed.

An infectious rash in a child in the form of papules or macules may indicate the presence of helminthiasis. Most often, this manifestation occurs with echinococcosis, trichinosis, ascariasis and other diseases. The appearance of a rash in these cases is accompanied by severe itching.

Scabies in infants

Scabies in young children has some distinctive features. Thus, scabies are mostly located on the soles of the feet and palms. A rash may appear in the form of bubbles, spots or blisters, localized on the back of the head, thighs, flexor surfaces of the arms, legs, nipples and navel.

Chicken pox

This pathology is very contagious and easily transmitted from person to person; it is caused by a DNA virus. Characteristic signs of chickenpox are signs of intoxication and a characteristic rash in the form of vesicles that affects the skin and mucous membranes. Doctors classify chickenpox as an uncontrollable infection; most often it affects preschool children. In rare cases, newborn babies (if the mother did not have chickenpox in childhood) and adults can get sick.

The diagnosis is usually made on the basis of severe symptoms. The following signs are important in this sense:

1. The rash is represented by single-chamber vesicles and is located equally on the skin and mucous membranes.
2. The elements are localized on the scalp.
3. Severe itching

The rashes have false polymorphism. This is due to the periodic (every 2 days) appearance of new elements. Therefore, on the affected areas of the skin there are often elements characteristic of different stages of development: macules, papules, blisters, crusts.

Herpes and herpes zoster

The causative agent of herpes is a specific virus, which is divided into 2 types: type I mainly affects the mucous membranes and skin of the face, type II – the genital area and the lower part of the body. However, both types of viruses can appear in any location depending on the contact. Herpes clinically manifests itself as a blistering infectious rash on the skin and mucous membranes, and can also affect various tissues and organs. Before the appearance of rash elements, tingling, itching and increased sensitivity are noted at the site of the lesion; pain and neuralgia may occur in this area. Skin manifestations look like a group of vesicles with thin walls and a reddened, swollen base. Their localization can be different, although most often they appear at the border of the mucous membrane and skin. In childhood, blisters often become secondarily infected after bursting.

Herpes zoster has an acute course, its characteristic symptoms are blistering rashes, neuralgia, and increased sensitivity in certain places corresponding to the affected areas. When collecting anamnesis, it usually turns out that the patient has had chickenpox in the recent past. At the very beginning of the pathology, pain, thickening of the skin, fever, weakness, weakness and other signs of general malaise appear in the affected areas. The thoracic and lumbar regions are most often affected; in young children, the sacral and cranial nerves can also be affected, as evidenced by rashes on the genitals and legs. If the trigeminal nerve is involved in the process, skin manifestations may occur on the forehead, nose, eye area and scalp, cheeks and palate and lower jaw. After two or three days, red papules appear in a group arrangement. Then they pass into the stage of bubbles, the contents of which are first transparent, then cloudy. These blisters dry out and turn into crusts. The full development cycle of the elements of such a rash takes about 1-1.5 weeks. The rash is characterized by a one-sided location. It can take up to two days from the first symptoms to the appearance of the rash. Local lymph nodes are usually enlarged in this disease.

Dühring's disease, or hepetiform dermatitis

This pathology can develop after previous infections. Its onset is usually acute and sudden. It is expressed in the deterioration of the general condition, the appearance of fever, skin manifestations localized in the groin area, on the buttocks and thighs. The rashes are represented by blisters of different sizes, filled with transparent or hemorrhagic contents. The skin under the rash elements is not changed. Feet and hands are not involved in the process. There is a sharp, severe itching.

Dermatitis caused by insect bites

Dermatitis caused by an insect bite most often affects open areas. Elements of such a rash can become nodules or blisters. They usually itch a lot. Scratching or rashes similar to impetigo may form at the site of the lesion.

Pyoderma

This disease is characterized by purulent inflammation of the skin. The causative agents of pyoderma are often staphylococci or streptococci. This pathology can occur as a primary independent disease or become a complication of other diseases, such as neurodermatitis, eczema and others. Pyoderma can take various forms, including Ritter's exfoliative dermatitis, pseudofurunculosis, vesiculopustulosis, neonatal pemphigus and others.

Impetigo of streptococcal or staphylococcal nature

Such infections often occur in children's institutions, and due to their high contagiousness, they quickly spread and become epidemic. Impetigo manifests itself as an infectious rash represented by medium or small blisters. The disease is characterized by wavy rashes that are repeated on the scalp and face. During development, the bubbles burst, the secretion they contain dries out, leaving yellow crusts.

The disease ecthyma is very similar in appearance to impetigo, however, it also affects the deeper layers of the skin. This rash is localized mainly on the legs.

Bullous impetigo is a localized skin infection caused by staphylococcus. Its characteristic manifestation is blisters that form against the background of normal skin. The contents of such bubbles may be pale, transparent or dark yellow, and subsequently become cloudy.

Burn-like skin lesion caused by staphylococcus

This pathology is also called Ritter's exfoliative dermatitis and affects young children. The first symptoms of the disease are redness of the skin of the face, groin, neck and armpits. The lesion spreads quite quickly, the skin takes on a wrinkled appearance due to the formation of flaccid blisters. The liquid filling them is light in color and transparent in appearance. Then the top layer of skin begins to detach, the appearance is similar to a 2nd degree burn.

Pseudofurunculosis, or multiple abscesses

This disease is characterized by an infectious rash that looks like subcutaneous nodes. Their size can vary, from a small pea to a hazelnut. The color of the rash elements is usually brown-red, with a possible bluish tint. The back of the head, buttocks, back of the thigh and back are most often affected.