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An essay on a work on the topic: The profession of a doctor is a feat
When asked which profession is the most important, everyone will answer differently. And if you ask which is the most difficult and stressful, perhaps the first to be named are heavy male professions, they will remember firefighters, rescuers, police officers or watermen. Scientists and all intellectual workers will be called the most knowledgeable. But, in my opinion, there are people whose work combines all these characteristics. The work of their life is the most necessary, the most difficult, the most responsible, requiring constant improvement. These are people who are faced with the most important tasks - to recognize, treat, prevent diseases, ensure the preservation and strengthening of people’s health and ability to work, and save lives. And these people are doctors.

For a long time, they have been credited with extending life. At a time when devastating epidemics and wars claimed the lives of millions of people, doctors persistently searched for ways to get rid of and protect against dangerous diseases, and tried to reduce complications after injuries and surgical interventions. They created new drugs and vaccines, often testing them on themselves so as not to endanger other people. Thanks to them, it became possible to prevent and treat a huge number of diseases that were previously considered deadly.

New, previously unknown diseases are constantly appearing in the world, and epidemics are breaking out. And as always, “guardians of health” come to the rescue - brave, determined people who are exposed to unknown dangers, engaging in the fight against viruses, microorganisms and other pathogens. Doctors, as before, save people and protect life on Earth.

In the hustle and bustle of today's life, when every person cares primarily about their daily bread, health issues often fade into the background. And we remember about ourselves only when things get really bad. Then, in most cases, we can no longer do without the intervention of a specialist. And doctors do everything possible every day, and sometimes the impossible, to help us return to normal, familiar life again.

And how often do representatives of this difficult profession have to save lives, and it all depends on their qualifications and ability to make the right and timely decision. But you cannot make a mistake, since the price of a mistake is human life.

It is difficult to even imagine what would happen to the planet if there were no doctors. If no one was studying the causes and nature of diseases, if no one was looking for life-saving drugs and treatment methods.

Medicine is constantly evolving. New diseases require new knowledge. In addition, the knowledge and skills of a doctor are not limited to the field of pure medicine. A real specialist must also be a good psychologist - be able to listen to a person, penetrate his soul; be able to reassure, instill hope, confidence, faith; be able to convince of the correctness

and the need for prescribed treatment. After all, many people, oddly enough, are reluctant to take care of their health, and often with their stubbornness they only worsen their condition and slow down the healing process.

In my opinion, not everyone can become a doctor. For this profession it is necessary to have a special character, attentiveness, patience, calmness, kindness; and at that time - with firmness, the ability to quickly make decisions, and a huge sense of responsibility. This must certainly be a person who is wholeheartedly devoted to his work; a person who understands the importance and seriousness of this profession; one who is not afraid of dangers, difficulties, who agrees to devote his entire life to people and, while working, continue to constantly learn and improve.

In my opinion, doctors perform heroic acts every day. After all, they save people, their lives, often risking their own; they prolong the existence of all humanity. But isn’t this their real great feat?

There are two opposing points of view on the relationship between medicine and society. Supporters of the first believe that inert public opinion slows down the progress of medicine. Supporters of the second are convinced that the development of medicine violates the harmonious unity of nature and man, is the main reason for the weakening of humanity as a whole and can even lead it to degeneration. In fact, on the one hand, people have become healthier - life expectancy has increased, modern man is larger and stronger compared to his ancient ancestors. On the other hand, medications and vaccines have “weaned” the body from fighting diseases on its own. However, medicine and society do not oppose each other, being in a complex interaction. Medicine, wittingly or unwittingly, influences society, changing it. The life and health of everyone depend on compliance with medical standards in various fields of human activity, and society is interested in taking them into account. It is necessary to say about the humanizing influence of medicine. Suffice it to remember how much effort doctors had to make to explain to society seemingly obvious things: HIV-infected people should not be outcasts, mental disorders are diseases, not vices, and they require treatment, not punishment. However, society also dictates its own requirements to medicine. They slow down its development, but within reasonable limits - after all, the result of any process, if it proceeds uncontrollably, is unpredictable and sometimes tragic. The development of gynecology posed the task of limiting abortion. The successes of resuscitation have raised the question for society and doctors as to how long it is necessary to continue reviving an organism that is no longer capable of life. Advances in genetic medicine have sparked debate about the line that scientists should not cross in cloning experiments. Under public pressure, doctors already in the 20th century. began to approach the introduction of new drugs into medical practice with particular rigor. As a result, the laws of “medicine of evidence” emerged, which are now followed by doctors all over the world. The increased value of human life has influenced modern medical ethics and led to the legislative recognition of patient rights. For a long time, religious and secular prohibitions were imposed on a number of important types of medical activities. Such prohibitions primarily related to the study of the internal structure of the human body - anatomy. For many centuries, doctors were not allowed to perform autopsies on corpses. Herophilus (Ancient Greece, late 4th - first half of the 3rd century BC), who violated this taboo, was despised by his fellow citizens, dubbed a “butcher” and more than once wanted to be expelled from the city. But it was Heraphilus who made serious discoveries in the field of anatomy; he invented many methods of surgical treatment of diseases. Many scientists have suffered while trying to overcome society's misunderstanding. The ban on autopsy of a human body remains in the medieval past. But there are many other examples when doctors had (and still have to) deal with a fear of the new and a lack of understanding of their ideas. The first attempts to give blood transfusions, organ transplants, preventive vaccinations and brain surgeries, and perform artificial insemination came under fire from public opinion. Medicine will continue to develop, and, like hundreds of years ago, each new step will give skeptics reason to doubt the correctness of the chosen path. However, the strategy of reasonable containment is in many ways useful for any science, and especially for medicine. In the modern world, such a brake is served by laws that establish the rules for the use of scientific achievements. State laws today help resolve many disputes between society and the Church, on the one hand, and medicine, on the other. Society doubts the moral acceptability of abortion. A law is being created that says to whom and when abortion is allowed, and when it is absolutely forbidden to do it. People are concerned about the issue of euthanasia. Dutch law specifies the conditions under which euthanasia is possible. In Russia and many other countries, “voluntary death” is prohibited by law. Society is divided again: it is unable to unambiguously solve these and many other ethical problems. And doctors themselves often do not know exactly “what is good and what is bad.” The development of medical technologies poses new ethical problems for medicine that are not easy to resolve. Finding the right solutions, developing new ethical criteria is a lot of constant work, and it needs to be done, because otherwise scientific progress can, unnoticed by us, turn into a regression of humanity.

The sociology of medicine, organization and economics of healthcare as a scientific discipline and practice, for the scientific substantiation and implementation of forms, methods, ways and mechanisms of healthcare reforms, faces complex tasks covering 2 levels of socio-economic and legal guidelines: 1) Macro level, which assumes universal laws of the political and socio-economic structure of society, general principles for the implementation of the statutory activities of medical enterprises, firms, joint-stock companies in the existing economic system. This level reflects the ways and methods of influencing the economic situation, regulates the organizational and legal framework of the healthcare system and its intersectoral connections, segments internal and external regulators, the driving forces of the medical services market, its subjects and objects; 2) Micro level (practical), at which specific patterns associated with the implementation of medical activities are realized; financing of employers, employees, property issues, wage bases, investment and innovation policies of the enterprise, features of medical labor, etc.

Physics of medicine:

Medical and social (increasing life expectancy)

Research (scientific technologies, new treatment methods)

Axiological (formation of value orientations in society)

Prognostic (modeling the structure of diseases, preventing epidemics and pandemics)

Educational and pedagogical (educating the population about diseases, healthy lifestyle)

It is difficult to imagine what people's condition would be like without methods of maintaining health.

In fact, good health determines a person’s character, mood and behavior. Strong immunity, the absence of chronic and serious diseases will allow a person to feel more confident and stronger psycho-emotionally!

It is no secret that a person who is self-confident and cheerful - having learned about certain infectious processes occurring in his body, begins to convince himself of an unfavorable outcome of his illness, thereby complicating the treatment process and increasing the length of hospitalization. To avoid such complications, in medicine there is a term “ethical-deontological support”.

Nowadays, we can say with confidence that medicine keeps pace with civilization... The more inventions that harm the body, the more treatment methods, and for certain diseases (chronic diseases, fever, psoriasis, etc.), there are several treatment methods...

It is difficult to imagine what people's condition would be like without methods of maintaining health.

In fact, good health determines a person’s character, mood and behavior. Strong immunity, the absence of chronic and serious diseases will allow a person to feel more confident and stronger psycho-emotionally!

It is no secret that a person who is self-confident and cheerful - having learned about certain infectious processes occurring in his body, begins to convince himself of an unfavorable outcome of his illness, thereby complicating the treatment process and increasing the length of hospitalization. To avoid such complications, in medicine there is a term “ethical-deontological support”.

Nowadays, we can say with confidence that medicine keeps pace with civilization... The more inventions that harm the body, the more treatment methods, and for certain diseases (chronic diseases, fever, psoriasis, etc.), there are several treatment methods...

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1. Medicine in modern society

The ever-accelerating pace of development of modern society actualizes the problem of preserving humans as a species. The solution to this problem largely depends on the development of human beyond adaptive capabilities. To do this, it is necessary not so much to treat diseases as to prevent them, i.e., disease prevention. Successful preventive activities largely depend on the attitude towards the health of the population, the individual, and the state’s interest in preserving the health of citizens as a human resource for their existence.

Thus, solving the problem of maintaining health depends on the formation of an attitude towards health as a value at the individual, social and state levels.

However, this is not enough. Active interaction between nature and society influences the emergence of new diseases and changes the course of already known ones. This circumstance poses a number of serious challenges for modern medicine that relate to the system of medical knowledge.

First, modern medicine must develop fundamental knowledge about the relationship between man, nature and society, which affects human health. This knowledge is necessary to maintain human adaptation in the face of active changes in the environment. In solving this problem, medicine was faced with the problem of integrating knowledge in the face of growing differentiation.

The second task that Western medicine faces is the need to supplement the system of activities in extreme situations with a system of disease prevention and a health restoration system. Western medicine copes well in extreme situations. In essence, this is a rapid response institution. But in human life there are few such situations. A person’s health is made up of the little things in his everyday life: what he eats, how he sleeps, how he treats himself and others. Therefore, it is no coincidence that such a close attitude to health prevention. In this regard, health is considered as a resource for human life and the existence of a population. This attitude is typical of Eastern medicine, which primarily deals with adjusting the quality of human health. This explains the attention and study by Western doctors of Eastern technologies and principles of healing. This is where the third task of Western medicine comes from.

The third task relates to the development of fundamental science about human health. Such a fundamental science that, while building a system of knowledge about human health, would carry out a synthesis of various medical systems based on the principle of their practical effect. To accomplish this task, it is necessary to update society’s attention to the problems of population health, to adapt various principles for considering the structure of the world and its interrelations, reflected in ideas about man. This is necessary to understand the variety of medical strategies that are implemented in different medical systems. And only then comes the period of integration of medical knowledge, as the organization of relationships between different systems. This attitude is initially based on the principle of practical efficiency in the provision of medical care. As the integration of medical knowledge systems develops, more and more attention is paid to the structure of knowledge and its connection with practical activities, as a result a new system of knowledge about a person will be created.

It cannot be said that these tasks are new to medicine. And in ancient times, the doctor was faced with the same tasks, by solving which he preserved the health of the person and the population.

The peculiarity of solving these problems in modern society is that doctors, especially in Russia, are deprived of privileged treatment.

The medical crisis affected the quality of medical services, the development of medical knowledge and, ultimately, the level of specialist training. This affected the population's attitude towards the medical community as a whole.

In this regard, modern medicine, solving the problem of preserving and developing the health of the population, organizes preventive measures to prevent diseases, and develops medical knowledge. Effective work in this direction will affect changes in attitudes towards modern Western medicine.

2. Methods and means of preventionI disease and health enhancement

It is easier to prevent any disease than to treat it. I think that for people who care about their health, this thesis does not need proof.

Methods for preventing various diseases can be divided into two main groups. The first is methods aimed at generally strengthening the body and increasing immunity; This also includes basic rules of personal hygiene, the observance of which in itself is already a way to prevent many diseases. The second is methods aimed at preventing specific diseases (in medical language - specific methods of prevention).

Specific prevention, as a rule, is carried out as prescribed and under the supervision of a doctor. First of all, these are preventive vaccinations, which we begin to receive from the first days of life. It is thanks to vaccinations that residents of civilized countries have long forgotten about the terrible epidemics of smallpox and plague that wiped out entire cities in the Middle Ages. As an adult, you can get vaccinated against influenza, tetanus, tick-borne encephalitis and many other diseases.

However, we will not intrude into the competence of doctors, but will talk about those preventive methods that can and should be used independently. These are observance of personal hygiene rules and non-specific methods of strengthening the immune system and increasing the body's protective abilities. Let's also consider “publicly available” methods of preventing some common specific diseases.

Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene in itself is already the most important preventive measure. Surely you have heard the expressions: “Cleanliness is the key to health” or “Dysentery is a disease of dirty hands.” These are not empty words. Compliance with well-known hygiene rules by everyone from childhood can prevent the occurrence of many, many diseases.

Strengthening the immune system is a more difficult task. The immune system protects our body from various foreign “intrusions,” both external (viruses, bacteria) and internal (degenerated own cells). A strong, fully functioning immune system is able to “notice” almost any adverse changes in the body in time and cope with it. And a person remains healthy even in the most difficult situations, for example, during an epidemic. Unfortunately, there are now very few people with a truly strong immune system that can cope with any “enemies,” especially among residents of large cities.

There are various methods of stimulating the body's defenses and strengthening the immune system. The main ones can be considered:

elimination of adverse factors that disrupt the functioning of the immune system;

proper nutrition. A separate section on our website is devoted to proper nutrition, as one of the most important components of a healthy lifestyle. Here we will separately focus on nutritional rules, especially important for strengthening the immune system;

hardening;

psychological comfort;

drug methods of stimulating the immune system. Despite the fact that a huge number of immunostimulating drugs are sold in pharmacies without a prescription, it is strongly recommended to use them only as prescribed and under the supervision of a physician.

3. INwhat is the activity of social workers aimed athealth protection and promotion

A social worker must have high erudition and use extensive interdisciplinary knowledge - medical, legal, psychological, philosophical, economic, social, etc.

The tasks of social work in the healthcare system include: assisting the patient in increasing his adaptive resources in society, more fully using his physiological potential, taking into account his health status; assistance in employment, organization of pre-medical care and patient care; providing necessary social assistance to the dying; sanitary and hygienic measures; public health education; sanitary assistance to disabled people in providing them with sanitary transport, various devices for performing basic life skills.

The specifics of social work are determined by the state of health (physical, mental) of a particular patient, the degree of impairment of his adaptive resources in society and the possibility of their partial or complete restoration.

Social work in medicine is diverse, which is determined by the large number of social groups of the population and various pathological conditions, the severity of dysfunction of the body, the degree of disability and performance, as well as the role of certain social factors in the development of diseases.

Social work in medicine is intended to create and strengthen public and individual health, which unites it with medical activities. However, the methods they use are different.

Just as medical activities aimed at preventing disease are divided into primary and secondary, so medical and social work is often divided into primary and secondary.

Primary social work involves restoring among the population the need to maintain a healthy lifestyle, solving a number of social problems of society, family, individual, and achieving a certain level of economic development of society.

Secondary social work involves the creation of certain social conditions that allow a sick person, without harm to health, to better adapt to the social environment, to be useful to society, to feel like an individual, as well as to solve a number of other social problems (providing necessary housing conditions, transport, food, profession, corresponding to the state of health, elimination of bad habits - smoking, alcohol abuse, etc.).

4. ABOUTmain trends in the sphere of a person’s attitude towards their health

Attitude to health, in fact, integrates all psychological categories within the framework of which the concept of the internal picture of health is analyzed. This includes knowledge about health, awareness and understanding of the role of health in human life, its influence on social functions, emotional and behavioral reactions. In addition, the category of “relations” has a rich history of development, relatively clearly defined content, structure, and dictates a well-known logic of analysis. It is possible to use the experience accumulated in the study of self-relationships, as well as relationships to other objects of the surrounding reality.

Attitude to health is one of the central, but still very poorly developed, issues of health psychology. The search for an answer to it essentially boils down to one thing: how to ensure that health becomes the leading, organic need of a person throughout his life’s journey, how to help people form an adequate attitude towards their health - glavsovet.ru. At the same time, it is more accurate to talk about the degree of adequacy or inadequacy, since in real life, identifying diametrically opposed types of attitudes towards health - adequate and inadequate - is practically impossible.

Empirically fixed criteria for the degree of adequacy/inadequacy of attitudes towards health can be:

At the cognitive level - the degree of a person’s awareness or competence in the field of health, knowledge of the main risk and anti-risk factors, understanding of the role of health in ensuring efficiency and longevity;

At the emotional level - an optimal level of anxiety in relation to health, the ability to enjoy and enjoy the state of health;

At the motivational-behavioral level - the high importance of health in the individual hierarchy of values, the degree of formation of motivation to preserve and strengthen health, the degree of compliance of a person’s actions and actions with the requirements of a healthy lifestyle, as well as the normatively prescribed requirements of medicine, sanitation and hygiene;

Correspondence of an individual's self-esteem to the physical, mental and social state of his health.

Summarizing the results of experimental studies, it should be noted the paradoxical nature of the attitude towards the health of modern man, i.e. the discrepancy between a person’s need for good health, on the one hand, and his efforts aimed at maintaining and strengthening his physical and psychological well-being, on the other. Apparently, the origins of the discrepancy lie in the fact that a number of already identified reasons prevent the formation of an adequate attitude of a person towards his own health. On the following web pages we will try to reveal their contents.

5 . ABOUTthe main directions of the state's social policy inhealth protection and promotion

Preserving and strengthening the health of workers is one of the most important functions of the state, forming the basis of state social policy. State social policy for the protection and restoration of the health of the working population - a system of measures,

aimed at creating favorable living conditions, minimizing the impact of harmful and unfavorable factors, maintaining and strengthening the physical and mental health of workers, preventing diseases, increasing the duration of active life and working ability, achieving an optimal quality of life, and the efficiency of production activities.

The implementation of state social policy to protect and restore the health of the working population involves the implementation of a set of measures:

political, economic, technological, legal, organizational, social, scientific, medical, sanitary and hygienic and anti-epidemic

Main goals

improvement of preventive measures

improvement of the diagnostic and treatment process and rehabilitation

improvement of the legal, organizational and managerial aspects

improvement of information support and personnel training

improvement of scientific and methodological support for all subjects involved in the process of protecting the health of workers.

health social policy

6 . The concepts of genotype and mutation

The hereditary basis of an organism, the totality of all its genes, all hereditary factors of the organism.

Changes in the hereditary properties of the organism.

7. Factors influencing the physical development of a person

Human physical development is a process of personality formation that occurs under the influence of various factors. They are divided into: endogenous (related to the internal environment) and exogenous (related to the habitat).

Endogenous factors include: genetic factors that can be carriers of hereditary diseases and have an impact on the process of growth and development.

Exogenous factors include: climatic indicators, natural factors, area of ​​residence, water resources, ecology.

Social factors include: nutritional factors, level of education, position of the child in the family, availability of medical care.

Motor activity is understood as the sum of all movements made by a person in the process of his life. This is an effective means of maintaining and strengthening health, harmonious personal development, and disease prevention. An indispensable component of physical activity is regular physical education and sports.

Physical activity has a beneficial effect on the formation and development of all functions of the central nervous system: strength, mobility and balance of nervous processes. Systematic training makes muscles stronger and the body as a whole more adapted to environmental conditions. Under the influence of muscle loads, the heart rate increases, the heart muscle contracts more strongly, and blood pressure rises. This leads to functional improvement of the circulatory system. During muscle work, the breathing rate increases, inhalation deepens, exhalation intensifies, and the ventilation capacity of the lungs improves. Intensive full expansion of the lungs eliminates congestion in them and serves as a prevention of possible diseases. The ability to clearly, competently and economically perform movements allows the body to adapt well to any type of work activity. Constant physical exercise helps to increase the mass of skeletal muscles, strengthen joints, ligaments, and bone growth and development. In a strong, seasoned person, mental and physical performance and resistance to various diseases increase. Any muscle work also trains the endocrine system, which contributes to a more harmonious and complete development of the body. People who perform the required amount of physical activity look better, are mentally healthier, are less susceptible to stress and tension, sleep better, and have fewer health problems.

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