The occurrence of infectious toxic shock requires emergency assistance from medical personnel, since this condition is characterized by a cascade complex of pathological reactions of vital organs that lead to death.
Infectious toxic shock (ITSH) is a condition characterized by a sharp decrease in blood pressure. occurs as a complication of a disease caused by the toxic effects of infectious microorganisms. The syndrome is a consequence of exposure to viruses that disrupt the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, breathing, and nervous system.
The pathological condition requires immediate relief with medications, otherwise the development of irreversible changes in the body cannot be avoided.
All viral microorganisms produce toxic substances that poison the body. However, only some of them lead to this. Most often, cases of ITS are recorded when the body is damaged by microorganisms of a protein nature. This pattern is due to 2 reasons:
For this reason, ITS condition is most often provoked by staphylococci and streptococci. Staphylococci synthesize proteins that bind immunoglobulins and destroy collagen. Streptococci destroy blood cells, completely dissolving them.
However, it should be noted that the infectious process leading to shock also develops in other diseases. Let us list the pathological factors that cause ITS:
The presence of these pathologies is not a prerequisite for the development of a shock state. For pathology to occur, one of the following factors must be present:
Infections should be separated into a separate group, at the first manifestations of which toxic shock (especially in children) occurs most often. This is meningococcal disease. It is dangerous for babies at an early age. Thus, one of its subtypes (meningococcemia) causes disturbances in hemodynamics and the functioning of the adrenal glands. In this case, the symptoms and treatment will differ from the usual regimens.
It should be noted the conditions, during the development of which there is also a slight risk of developing ITS:
This is interesting!
Even women who regularly use tampons are susceptible to ITS. The risk is minimal, but such cases have been recorded.
A state of infectious shock occurs as a response of the body to the structural cellular components of bacteria or viruses that have entered the blood in significant quantities. Their fragments cause leukocytes to become so activated that the body “triggers” the uncontrolled release of biologically active substances. They are called cytokines.
In a healthy person, cytokines play a protective role, helping to maintain balance in the body. However, in the case of ITS, there are so many of them that they become aggressive towards organs and systems. The point of contact between aggressors is the wall of blood vessels. And since the vasculature crosses all organs, cytokines have the opportunity to penetrate and affect each of them.
The lungs have the most unenviable position: it is through them that all blood reserves in the body are transported. Trying to “filter out” toxins, they are affected more than other organs. The kidneys take second place in terms of intoxication, followed by the heart and blood vessels.
There are several signs of infection. They are determined during a visual inspection:
Any of these signs is a signal for immediate hospitalization. The rapid development of pathology without medical intervention will lead to death within 1-2 days.
10-12 hours after the “started” process of intoxication, the following symptoms will be added to the above symptoms:
Symptoms will have certain features depending on the number and degree of organ damage.
There are 4 stages of infectious-toxic shock, each of which has its own characteristics.
Body temperature quickly and sharply rises to 39 degrees. Increased respiration and heart rate are observed, but these indicators may return to normal for a short time. The patient feels anxious and has a headache.
A decrease in blood pressure, and diastolic data may not be heard at all. With pronounced tachycardia, the pulse is very weak. The patient is lethargic and apathetic. The face swells and breathing becomes difficult.
Signs of circulatory failure appear: the skin becomes cold and damp, turns blue.
The person is constantly on the verge of losing consciousness. The pulse is threadlike against the background of increasing tachycardia. Blood pressure and body temperature reach critically low levels, and there is a complete absence of urine output. The skin becomes covered with spots that resemble. Legs, hands and nails turn blue.
The patient's face resembles a mask, constricted pupils do not react to light. Convulsive syndrome appears.
The patient has no consciousness, the manifestation increases. The skin takes on an earthy color.
The degree of infection may vary slightly depending on the cause of the pathology.
Note!
A specific manifestation of intoxication, which indicates the development of ITS, is small red dots on the body that resemble sunburn.
In children, symptoms develop faster. They almost immediately experience sudden, critical levels of vomiting and convulsions.
We have already mentioned that emergency care for infectious-toxic shock is provided by medical personnel, since the situation cannot be corrected without medical intervention. However, it is the patient’s relatives and friends who must recognize the development of a critical situation in time in order to seek help from professionals.
Before the arrival of specialists, you need to perform the following sequence of actions:
It is not possible to help the patient further at the stage before hospitalization.
The actions of doctors providing emergency care for infectious-toxic shock are performed in the following sequence. After using an oxygen mask, with the help of which the patient’s body is enriched with oxygen, the administration of medications begins:
Then the patient is urgently hospitalized, since the causes of the disease can only be identified and treatment prescribed in an inpatient setting.
After the patient is hospitalized, treatment begins before diagnostic tests are performed. This is due to the high rate of development of pathology. Therefore, diagnostics are carried out in parallel with medication prescriptions.
Therapy of infectious-toxic shock involves the use of the following medications:
The main condition for the treatment of ITS is the sanitation of infectious foci. If necessary, surgical intervention is used to eliminate them.
Other treatment methods are used exclusively according to indications. However, given the high probability of death, treatment is carried out only in intensive care conditions.
If the developing pathology was detected on time, the prognosis for recovery is favorable. However, it is much more important to prevent such a dangerous condition. To do this, you need to follow simple rules of prevention:
Timely seeking medical help for infectious pathologies will minimize the risk of ITS.
Intensive therapy for septic shock is carried out by an obstetrician-gynecologist together with a resuscitator.
Measures to combat shock should focus on restoring tissue blood flow, correcting metabolic disturbances, and maintaining adequate gas exchange.
The first two problems are solved by performing infusion therapy, which must be started as early as possible and carried out for a long time. As nifusion media in the first stages of treatment, it is preferable to use derivatives of dextran (400-800 ml of rheopolyglucin and/or polyglucin) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (400 ml of hemodez). The speed and amount of fluid infused depends on the patient’s response to the therapy.
The total amount of fluid on the first day is usually 3000-4500 ml, but can reach 6000 ml. Against the background of replenishment of the bcc and improvement of the rheological properties of blood, the mandatory use of cardiac and vasoactive agents is necessary to correct hemodynamics and restore tissue blood flow. Along with the normalization of hemodynamics, the goal of infusion therapy for septic shock should be the correction of acid-base and electrolyte homeostasis.
With septic shock, metabolic acidosis develops quite quickly, which at first can be compensated by respiratory alkalosis.
To correct acidosis, it is necessary to include 500 ml of lactasol, 500 ml of ringer lactate or 150-200 ml of 4-5% sodium bicarbonate solution in the infusion therapy. Along with the restoration of hemodynamic disorders and correction of metabolic disorders, ensuring adequate oxygenation is of great importance. The introduction of oxygen must begin from the first minutes of treatment, using all available means for this, including artificial ventilation. Along with anti-shock measures, infection control is an integral part of intensive care for septic shock.
Antibacterial therapy for septic shock is emergency. At the same time, semi-synthetic penicillins are widely used.
Methicillin sodium salt is administered 1-2 g every 4 hours and ampicillin sodium salt (pentrexil) - 1.5-2 g every 4 hours or 2 g every 6 hours intramuscularly or intravenously (maximum dose 8 g). Cefamezin is prescribed 1 g every 6-8 hours, intravenously or intramuscularly, the maximum daily dose is 4 g. In addition, the fight against shock includes eliminating the source of infection. The experience of obstetric and gynecological practice shows that the approach to eliminating the source of infection in septic shock should be purely individual.
The most radical way to fight is to remove the uterus. To obtain the desired effect, surgery must be performed in a timely manner.
According to the majority of domestic and foreign authors, surgery should be resorted to if intensive conservative therapy carried out within 6 hours is unsuccessful.
The operation of choice is hysterectomy with removal of the fallopian tubes, drainage of the parametrium and abdominal cavity. In some cases, in patients in extremely serious condition, in the absence of macroscopic changes in uterine tissue, supravaginal amputation of the uterus is permissible. In these cases. removal of the fallopian tubes and drainage of the abdominal cavity is mandatory. Treatment of the late stage of septic shock with the appearance of hemorrhagic syndrome, including uterine bleeding, requires a differential approach.
Depending on the coagulogram parameters, replacement therapy is carried out (“warm” donor blood, lyophilized plasma, dry, native and fresh frozen plasma, fibrinogen) and/or antifibrinolytic drugs are administered (trasylol, contrical gordox).
It comes across a huge number of different bacteria, which also penetrate into the blood. If a person is healthy, then such contacts do not threaten him in any way, since the normal functioning of the immune system provides protection from such attacks. Bacteria are quickly absorbed by blood cells - leukocytes, which are responsible for protecting the body. If the immune system is disrupted for some reason, the bacteria are not destroyed, and the person develops sepsis - an infectious blood infection. In certain cases, this pathological condition can provoke septic shock.
Septic shock is usually classified as a condition that is accompanied by an extremely sharp decrease in blood pressure caused by the action of toxic elements synthesized by bacteria. It must be considered a serious threat to life.
In most cases, septic shock occurs in newborns, as well as people over fifty years of age, and various patients with a decrease in the body's defenses.
Very often, such a pathological condition develops in patients who have a reduced number of leukocytes in the blood. These include cancer patients and people with various chronic illnesses, for example, diabetes mellitus or cirrhosis of the liver.
How to recognize?
The very first symptom of septic shock, which develops a day or more before the drop in blood pressure, is confusion. This is explained by a significant deterioration in cerebral circulation. The patient experiences a noticeable increase in blood output from the heart valves, but at the same time there is dilation of the blood vessels, which leads to a significant drop in blood pressure. The patient begins to breathe especially quickly, as a result of which the lungs eliminate excessive amounts of carbon dioxide from the body, and its level in the blood drops.
Early symptoms of septic shock make themselves felt with stunning chills, a sharp and significant increase in body temperature, reflex redness of the skin and rapid pulse. Initially, pathological processes lead to an increase in blood pressure, but then this figure drops sharply.
Subsequently, body temperature also often drops below normal. Progressive shock leads to disturbances in the functioning of various organs, which causes decreased urination, difficulty breathing, swelling, etc. In some cases, blood clots form inside the blood vessels.
Urgent Care
If the development of septic shock is suspected, the patient should be hospitalized immediately. The patient is sent to an inpatient department, which has intensive care units and intensive care units.
The patient should be transported exclusively on a stretcher, and his body position should remain horizontal and only on his back. It is strongly recommended to raise the head end of the stretcher.
Immediately before evacuation, the patient is given cardiac and respiratory analeptics into the ambulance. While traveling to the hospital, the patient is provided with constant monitoring of blood pressure, respiration, and pulse. If necessary, carry out emergency treatment and resuscitation measures designed to eliminate respiratory failure and restore blood circulation.
To increase blood pressure, the patient is given a significant amount of fluid. To narrow blood vessels, which also helps to increase blood pressure and establish optimal blood circulation in the brain and heart, dopamine or norepinephrine is used. If respiratory failure develops, the patient is immediately transferred to artificial ventilation.
After blood is taken for laboratory culture, a significant amount of antibiotics is immediately administered intravenously. Until laboratory technicians discover the bacteria that provoked septic shock, they use a couple of antibiotic drugs, which significantly increases the likelihood of complete destruction of aggressive microorganisms.
Existing abscesses are immediately drained, and any catheters that could become a source of infection are removed. Excision of existing dead tissue, for example, gangrenous intestinal tissue, is carried out through surgery.
Purulent foci are actively sanitized with various antiseptic compounds, antibiotic and enzyme preparations.
Despite all treatment measures, about twenty-five percent of patients with septic shock cannot be saved.
Timely seeking medical help is extremely important for successful treatment. So, if a patient with a bacterial infection exhibits confusion, rapid breathing and pulse, it makes sense to call an ambulance. It is also recommended to dial 03 if the patient experiences chills, sweating and a rapid increase in temperature, and if his blood pressure readings sharply decrease.
Septic shock is an extremely serious condition for which emergency care, as well as timely correct
ITS or infectious toxic shock is a sharp decrease in blood pressure due to a person being affected by infectious bacteria. Their toxic effects put the body into shock. The syndrome is caused by the action of endo- and exotoxins or viruses and disrupts the functioning of vital systems, primarily the cardiovascular, nervous and respiratory systems. This exacerbation requires immediate medical intervention, without which the risk of death increases.
Today there is an opinion that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can cause infectious-toxic shock. But there is no 100% confirmed data.
After toxins enter the blood, infectious-toxic shock develops in three stages:
The patient is clearly conscious, but there is anxiety. The mucous membranes and tongue turn red (in some cases, the feet and palms), swelling of the face occurs, breathing is erratic, the pulse ranges from 110 to 120 beats/min, but may at times return to normal. Blood pressure rises, and difficulties arise with urination (urine output decreases). Diarrhea and pain in the upper abdomen are most often characteristic of children.
The patient is overcome by apathy, his actions and thought processes are difficult. The skin becomes cold, damp and pale. Nails and limbs turn blue, the temperature drops critically, shortness of breath appears, and the heart rhythm is disturbed, which can reach up to 160 beats/min. Blood pressure also drops to critical levels, urine output is difficult (most often absent in the second stage). Markings similar to bruises or a rash that resembles sunburn appear on the skin. The possibility of gastric bleeding cannot be ruled out.
The patient's consciousness is confused, there is no reaction to the outside world, and constant fainting cannot be ruled out. The limbs turn blue, body temperature drops below normal levels, and blood pressure is sometimes not monitored. Urination is completely absent, shortness of breath increases. In some cases, the patient may fall into a coma.
Due to the fact that infectious-toxic shock rapidly progresses, it is diagnosed only by the symptoms that appear. Treatment is prescribed before laboratory tests respond, since tests only establish the type of infectious agent. To do this, the following series of analyzes is required:
If the first symptoms go unnoticed, the skin becomes pale and cold, the skin on the extremities peels off, and the nails take on a blue tint and, when pressed, the white marks last for more than three seconds - this indicates a worsening of the situation and the onset of the second stage. Before the ambulance arrives, the patient must provide independent first aid:
The first symptom is high temperature, sometimes reaching critical limits of 41 degrees. The child's consciousness is confused, there is motor agitation, vomiting, and headache. Convulsions may occur. The mucous membranes and skin turn pale, severe chills occur, the pulse is weakly palpable, and the heart rate increases. Blood pressure drops, which can lead to acute renal failure.
In addition to diseases, infectious-toxic shock can be caused by scratching scratches, burns or abrasions. It is worth paying attention to all, even minor, injuries of the child, treating them in a timely manner and changing bandages. Infectious-toxic shock requires immediate hospitalization in the intensive care unit, since any delay can be fatal.
Symptoms begin to appear within a few hours in the form of an increase in temperature to 39-40 degrees, rapid heartbeat and wheezing in the lungs. Pulmonary failure progresses, turning into pulmonary edema, the feeling of anxiety can sharply change to an apathetic state, the skin takes on a purple tint, and the lips and fingertips turn blue. After 12 hours, a hemorrhagic rash appears, and blood pressure decreases. As shock increases, partial or complete failure of some internal organs is observed, and acute renal failure develops.
Treatment should be prescribed without delay, because in such cases the probability of death reaches 60-70%. Antibacterial therapy is prescribed with removal of the purulent focus or drainage of the uterus.
Among the initial symptoms, respiratory alkalosis, cerebral disorders expressed through apathy or anxiety, and hyperventilation may be observed. Often, these symptoms may not attract attention, which does not allow the disease to be detected in time, thereby worsening the prognosis for recovery. With the progression of toxic shock, shortness of breath increases, tachycardia and a tendency to hypertension appear. The skin becomes warm and dry.
Treatment is carried out with antibacterial therapy under constant monitoring and recording of all clinical data.
Possible complications:
As a preventative measure, it is better for women after childbirth to refrain from using tampons.
Next article.
Septic shock is the last stage of sepsis, dangerous for organ failure and death.
The main reason for the development is ignoring the growing symptoms of general sepsis, the lightning-fast course of some infectious diseases, the reluctance to consult a doctor (or the lack of proper attention from medical personnel to the patient).
When the first symptoms of pathology are detected, you should urgently call an ambulance, since the possibility of survival depends on the speed of initiation of therapy and the degree of organ damage.
Septic shock is a complication of the infectious process, which is manifested by impaired microcirculation and tissue permeability to oxygen.
In essence, this is severe poisoning of the body with bacterial poisons and decay products of tissues damaged during the disease. The pathology is extremely life-threatening and has a high mortality rate, up to 50%.
In ICD 10, the disease is indicated together with the main disease with the additional code R57.2.
The precursor of the pathology is considered to be a diffuse infectious process, or sepsis.
The infection is caused by bacteria, protozoa, viruses and other agents entering the body, as well as an immune response to various foreign substances in the bloodstream.
One of the manifestations of the process is inflammation, which is a key link in pathogenesis.
The body's immunity responds to the appearance of foreign bodies in two ways:
Normally, this speeds up the fight against the disease. However, with a long-term and widespread infection, cytokines lead to severe vasodilation and a drop in blood pressure.
These factors lead to impaired absorption of oxygen and nutrients into the walls of blood vessels, causing hypoxia of organs and disruption of their function.
Septic shock has three sequential stages:
The first is characterized by a strong rise in temperature, up to 40-41 degrees Celsius, a drop in blood pressure up to collapse, increased breathing and severe muscle pain. The duration varies from 1-2 minutes to 8 hours. It is the body's primary response to the release of cytokines.
Additionally, in the first stage, symptoms of damage to the nervous system may increase - the appearance of hallucinations, depression of consciousness, and incessant vomiting. Preventing collapse is especially important for obstetrics - newborns have a very difficult time with circulatory disorders.
A sign of the second stage is a drop in temperature to 36 degrees and below. Hypotension does not go away, leaving a threat of collapse. Symptoms of cardiac and respiratory failure increase - rhythm disturbances, tachycardia, which abruptly gives way to bradycardia, severe increased breathing. Necrotic areas appear on the skin of the face and mucous membranes - small dark spots.
Hypodynamic septic shock is reversible - oxygen starvation has not yet led to terminal changes in the organs, and most of the side pathologies that have arisen are still treatable. Typically the duration is from 16 to 48 hours.
The irreversible stage is the last phase of septic shock, which ends in multiple organ failure and death. The process of destruction of the heart muscle progresses, massive necrosis of the lung tissue begins with disruption of the gas exchange process. The patient may develop jaundice and hemorrhages caused by deterioration of blood clotting. Areas of necrosis form in all organs and tissues.
If the patient was able to survive, then the main problem is organ failure and the consequences of hemorrhages due to concomitant DIC syndrome. The prognosis at this stage is complicated by the slowing of blood flow, which complicates the already impaired blood circulation.
And also, septic shock has a classification according to the stages of compensation:
Varieties are important for the choice of treatment method. For a person, they differ in the amount of symptoms - the further the disease progresses, the stronger the negative effects are felt. The last stage cannot be treated.
The disease is also classified according to the site of primary infection. This division is important in surgical treatment, when the intervention is aimed at removing purulent formation.
The following symptoms indicate the development of septic shock:
The temperature depends on the stage of the disease, and an increase in temperature is an indicator that the body is still struggling.
Tachycardia can be replaced by sharp drops in heart rate, which is especially dangerous in the presence of pathology of the heart muscle. The breathing rate reflects the total lack of oxygen to the tissues and the body’s attempt to reflexively restore balance.
Some symptoms of septic shock may also include:
These clinical criteria allow us to identify specific lesions in the body. The first group reflects disorders in the brain, such as stroke.
Necrotic spots reflect a severe lack of blood in the superficial tissues. The last group speaks of damage to the digestive and excretory systems, with damage to the muscular system.
A decrease in the amount of urine indicates the development of kidney failure and the need for artificial blood purification - dialysis.
A test for septic shock begins with a blood test - an immunogram.
Important diagnostic indicators are:
The pathology is directly related to the immune system, and its altered state is a direct indicator. White blood cells may be decreased or increased, depending on the stage and strength of the response. More often, patients with this diagnosis experience an excess of one and a half to two times the norm.
Since this process is the result of the entry of a huge amount of cytokines into the blood, their level will be significantly exceeded. In some cases, cytokines may not be detected.
The leukocyte formula helps determine the cause of the pathology. With a microbiological cause, there is an increased number of young forms of leukocytes, which are formed to respond to an emerging infection.
A general laboratory blood test will also help to conduct a differential study to exclude certain pathologies. In septic shock, the ESR will be significantly increased, as a result of changes in the protein composition of the blood - an increase in the concentration of markers of the inflammatory process.
Bacteriological analysis of the discharge to determine the infectious agent is important. The material can be taken from the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx or purulent focus. Blood cultures are required.
Determining the type of pathogen allows you to more accurately select antibiotics.
Another diagnostic method is the study of hemodynamics, in terms of the amount of oxygen transferred and carbon dioxide removed. In shock, there is a sharp decrease in the amount of CO2, which means reduced oxygen consumption.
An ECG is used to diagnose myocardial lesions. In a state of shock, signs of coronary heart disease are noted - a significant jump in the ST segment (“cat’s back”).
Therapy for septic shock consists of first aid measures, medication and surgical treatment.
Most patients with severe infection are sent to the hospital to monitor the development of pathology. However, people often refuse specialized help.
If this condition develops outside the hospital, then you should urgently call an ambulance, accurately determine the patient’s stage and provide emergency assistance.
The hyperthermic stage is determined by the presence of:
When the body temperature rises above 41-42 degrees, protein coagulation begins, followed by death, and the work of enzymes stops.
Seizures also indicate the beginning of damage to nerve tissue. Cooling of the body can be done using ice heating pads or a cold water bath.
The hypothermic stage can be determined by:
If your heart rate is low, there is a risk of cardiac arrest, so you need to be prepared to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
To alleviate the condition, emergency doctors can introduce drugs that increase vascular tone and support heart function. If necessary, artificial ventilation of the lungs and oxygen supply are performed to improve oxygenation of the brain and other tissues.
In the hospital, the patient is connected to a ventilator and the temperature is lowered or raised.
The location in the intensive care unit allows the team to quickly respond to organ damage, cardiac arrest and take measures to restore the activity of the cardiovascular system.
For septic shock, the drug treatment algorithm consists of:
The first step is to detoxify the body and restore the electrolyte balance needed to easily transport oxygen and nutrients. For this, infusion therapy with glucose-saline solutions and the introduction of sorbents can be used.
Hypoglycemia is eliminated by administering glucose and glucocorticoids, which accelerate metabolic processes in cells. They also help prevent blood clotting, so they are usually administered along with Heparin.
Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase cell permeability. Vasopressor substances - Adrenaline, Norepinephrine, Dopamine - also contribute to the achievement of this goal. Additionally, inotropic agents such as Dopamine are prescribed.
In the presence of acute renal failure, the administration of solutions is contraindicated - too much fluid in the body will cause swelling and intoxication, therefore for such patients, blood purification is carried out using hemodialysis.
Septic shock itself cannot be treated surgically, but side processes such as suppuration, necrosis and abscesses can significantly interfere with recovery. Respiratory and heart failure may be a complication for the operation, and therefore the indications for the operation are determined by a council of doctors.
Radical surgical intervention is performed in the presence of purulent lesions on the extremities - for example, gas gangrene. In this case, the limb is amputated, preventing further development of septicopyemia (or septicemia).
If pus accumulates in certain parts of the body, they are opened and sanitized to remove it, preventing further spread throughout the body. In order to ease the impact on the heart, sanitation is carried out under local anesthesia.
Interventions in pregnant women are particularly difficult. Gynecological sepsis has very complex specifics due to the danger of pregnancy disruption. The spread of bacterial infection often leads to the baby dying in the womb.
It is possible to prevent the development of septic shock by timely treatment of its cause.
To do this, you should contact the clinic in time if symptoms characteristic of bacterial lesions of the body develop.
In case of severe infection, this requires prompt treatment with antibiotics, which have an intensive effect on the existing pathogenic microflora. Surgical correction involves timely removal of purulent foci.
The main possible complication is multiple organ failure. Gradual organ failure leads to the death of the patient.
Due to the large toxic load, renal and liver failure develops first, with a worsening of the picture, and then pulmonary and cardiac failure.
Another possible consequence is disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Clinically, two stages are important: hypercoagulation and.
The first is characterized by massive thrombosis, and the second by bleeding.
Massive internal bleeding complicates the situation created by hypotension, and the patient dies within a few days. The syndrome can be prevented either in the first stage, by administering heparin, or in the second, by transfusing plasma with clotting elements that prevent bleeding.
Very often, the clinical picture of the syndrome develops as a consequence of a difficult birth, which in septic shock is dangerous for both the mother and the child, whose immune system is not ready to respond to a bacterial agent. The baby often dies.
In general, even in patients with milder diagnoses, DIC is often fatal, and in conditions of severe sepsis it becomes the primary cause of death. Medical statistics show that the chance of survival is significantly higher when treatment is started in the first phase.
And often, with the development of severe sepsis or septic shock, the patient begins to develop a superinfection - re-infection with another bacterial or viral agent.
As already mentioned, the pathology has a mortality rate of up to 50%. Recovery depends on how quickly treatment was started, how adequate the antibiotics were, and how severe the complications were.
The infectious agent that caused the septic lesion also plays a role. Hospital strains are considered the most dangerous, for example Staphylococcus aureus. It is usually resistant to most antibiotics, which is why the process is most difficult for the patient’s body.
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