Unified State Examination Test - 2017 IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

OPTION 1

(module Adaptive Adsense block at the beginning of the article)

Part 1

Read the text and complete tasks 1 - 3.

(1) The invention of the transistor in the late 1940s was one of the biggest milestones in the history of electronics. (2) Electronic lamps, which until then had been an indispensable and the most important element of all radio and electronic devices for a long time, had many disadvantages: these include, first of all, the mechanical fragility of the lamps, their short service life, large dimensions, low efficiency actions due to large heat losses at the anode. (3) ... when these lamps were replaced in the second half of the twentieth century by semiconductor elements that did not have any of the listed flaws, a real revolution took place in radio engineering and electronics.

1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Semiconductor elements in the late 40s of the twentieth century replaced fragile and large vacuum tubes in radio and electronic devices.

2) The disadvantages of semiconductor elements can be considered their large dimensions and short service life.

3) In the second half of the twentieth century, the replacement of electronic tubes, which were used in radio and electronic devices and had many significant shortcomings, with semiconductor elements can be considered revolutionary in radio engineering and electronics.

4) A real revolution took place in radio engineering and electronics when, in the second half of the twentieth century, semiconductor elements were replaced by compact and durable vacuum tubes with a high efficiency.

5) A real revolution in radio engineering and electronics in the second half of the twentieth century was the replacement of large and fragile vacuum tubes with compact semiconductor elements in radio and electronic devices.

2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

In turn, even

On the contrary though

3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word ELEMENT. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

ELEMENT -a; m.

1) A component of something; component. Decompose the whole into e. Compound e. something // Characteristic movement, one figure of some kind. exercise, dance, etc. Gymnastics, dance etc. Unlearn e. figure skating

2) Special Part of something structures, devices; unit of something multitudes. Prefabricated e. stairs. Semiconductor e. International e. vocabulary.

3) Special A simple substance that cannot be broken down into its constituent parts by conventional chemical methods. Periodic table e. Lungs e.

4) A device that is a source of electric current created by chemical energy. Galvanic e. Dry e.

4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.

acquired leisure

begging for dowry

dose

5. In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is used INCORRECTLY. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

More than a hundred beluga whales were cut off from clean water by ice and were captured by ICE in a narrow strait of the Bering Sea.

NATIVE Odessa residents are people with a good sense of humor.

ANIMAL morals reigned in this tribe.

SINGLE specimens of giant stick insects have been discovered in Malaysia.

I waited a WHOLE year for the promised letter.

6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

THEIR PROBLEMS THE KINDEST MAN

flew off her shoulders and mowed the lawn

SEVEN HUNDRED tickets

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

8. Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

prot...pt

enjoyment

inclination

pal...gardener

9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

right...equal, right...enough

p...details, imagine

neither...to lie down, to...flutter

d...dark, n...sawn

pre...yule, super...graceful

10. Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

wrap...wrap

limit

wink...wink

spy

grind

11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

putting on...my

heated...washed

squeeze...squeeze

salted

cleaned

12. Identify a sentence in which NOT is written together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

On the walls, instead of the usual hunters with green mustaches and purple dogs and portraits of (UN)KNOWN generals, there were bunches of dried herbs.

The old woman looked at me (NOT) FRIENDLY.

If you want, I won’t even TELL anyone that I was here and saw you.

Your words are (NOT) FORGOTTEN by me.

LOVED by no one, she grew up gloomy.

13. Identify a sentence in which both highlighted words are written together. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

(C) LEVA on the hillock SOMEWHERE there were red poppies.

Ivan woke up (OUT) LIGHT and (IN) FOR several seconds he could not figure out where he was.

IN THE (SEMI) DESTROYED city it was deserted, AS LIKE a powerful hurricane had carried away everyone.

STILL, I was never able to go (TO) MEETING with my classmates.

The detachment was already at the very bottom, and (FROM) THE TOP the enemy cavalry was rushing (TO) CROSSING it.

14. Indicate all the numbers in whose place N is written.

Everywhere from the broken roof dusty rays of the midday sun streamed onto the floor. At the other, destroyed (2) end of the huge structure, dozens of people with loaded (3) stretchers scurried about; On unplanned (5) boards laid on the ground (4), women drove wheelbarrows loaded (6) with crushed stone.

15. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The Order of St. Andrew the First-Called could be received for both military and civilian services.

2) The Cross of St. George was given only to military personnel for military merits and it could never be removed.

3) The numerous and heterogeneous nobility generally opposed petty officials and merchants.

4) In Ancient Rus', hitting with the back of the hand or fist was considered dishonorable and shameful.

5) Love of the Gogol era is both eternal human love and the love of Chichikov and the love of Khlestakov.

16. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

The mill wheel turned lazily (1) blackened by time (2) collecting (3) sleepily murmuring water (5) into the slowly moving boxes (5) fearing to drop an extra drop of precious moisture.

17. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

In the modern imagination, the love of dancing is associated with the image of a cheerful, sociable and (1) most likely (2) somewhat frivolous person. However (3) the serious and dry Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, prone to misanthropy and philosophical reflection, “was one of the best dancers of his time.”

18. Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Peter the Great, in a special instruction (1) whose rigidity (2) and effectiveness (3) was known to many (4), ordered Russian midshipmen to be assigned to galleys one at a time (5) hoping to speed up their learning of foreign languages.

19. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

Benjamin Franklin (1) laughing (2) assured (3) that (4) if swindlers knew all the advantages of honesty (5) they would stop cheating for the sake of profit.

Read the text and complete tasks 20 - 25.

(1) Science fiction is the most important literary genre because it is what “fits” the spirit of the times... (2) All the most important problems of our time are problems of science fiction. (3) Make a list of these problems for yourself. (4) I’ll make it up too. (5) Now let’s compare our lists.

(6) I am sure: both lists include the problem of interaction between man and machine, and in connection with it the problem of morality, morality, which organically follows from such interaction.

(7) The history of science fiction is the history of ideas that changed the world, but which were first ridiculed and rejected. (8) Let me explain this idea.

(9) If thirty years ago, in one of my stories, I wrote that we would soon be surrounded by polluted air, poisoned water, and deadly traffic, you would have exclaimed:

(10) - A vile fiction! (11) Pure fantasy!

(12) Now look around! (13) The time has come!

(14) If I wrote that the time will come and with the help of credit checks people will begin to borrow from “tomorrow” in order to live today, you would snort in indignation:

(15) - Nonsense and lies! (16) Never!

(17) If I wrote about a device that transmits an image through the air and thereby influences the mentality of mankind, I would be thrown out the door. (18) If I wrote that one day people will land on the moon, how would you react? (19) I will tell you how they treated those who tried to mention this - they simply laughed at them. (20) They laughed in 1930, in 1940, in 1950. (21) They continued to laugh until the first artificial Earth satellite was launched in October 1957.

(22) A man became convinced that the predictions of science fiction were coming true only when he saw small metal stars traveling across the sky from west to east and inscribing new turns into the bizarre pattern of the New Time.

(23) Who would have believed me if in 1920 I had written that the day was not far off when one madman and his armored "bugs" would nullify the theory of long-term defense lines?

(24) Only when fascist tanks appeared in France did everyone believe it.

(25) Hitler's tanks and armored vehicles razed Western Europe to the ground in a few weeks. (26) And only devices described in science fiction literature and called airplanes, not yet invented in 1900, still primitive in 1939, helped England defend its airspace.

(27) This is only part of a list in which one can count a thousand items.

(28) Several decades ago, radio, television, cars, and the hydrogen bomb did not exist. (29) The air was clean.

(30) All the achievements of science and technology that have brought benefit or harm to humanity over the past fifty years were born in the head of a science fiction writer long before that.

(31) Serious times have come. (32) And science fiction is especially needed now because it makes attempts to study each new machine long before it appears and begins to destroy or rebuild us and the world around us.

(33) Now that we have almost completely reaped the harvest of technical innovations, we need to develop some norms for the relationship between man and technology so as not to be insolvent in the face of the future.

(34) Plato told us about his dream state. (35) Science fiction writers subsequently also imagined states of steel, electricity, and atomic energy that would make us different. (36) In this particular world of the solar system lost in space, we are beings who are trying to know and understand ourselves better, beings who are trying to create machines that have our minds, capable of seeing, hearing, feeling the world better than us and - God willing - more kind. (37) This would make it possible to extend the life of our planet by another two billion years if we achieve harmonious coexistence with the machines we have created.

(38) Can you name a greater goal than this?

(According to R. Bradbury)

Raymond Douglas Bradbury is an American science fiction writer.

20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

1) The problems of science fiction are inextricably linked with the problems of our time.

2) Science fiction is necessary because it studies every new machine that appears in our world.

3) Airplanes described in science fiction literature helped England defend its airspace.

4) In the modern world, science fiction is no longer relevant.

5) All scientific and technical achievements of mankind, which have brought benefit or harm to it, were born long before this in the minds of science fiction writers.

21. Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Propositions 18 - 20 and 21 are contrasted in content.

2) Sentences 1 - 5 contain a descriptive fragment.

3) Sentences 9 - 13 contain an explanation of the judgment in sentence 7.

4) Sentences 17 - 19 contain reasoning.

5) Sentences 34 - 35 contain a narrative.

22. From sentences 15 - 17, write down contextual synonyms.

23. Among sentences 33 - 35, find one that is connected to the previous one using a conjunction. Write the number of this offer.

24. "Convincing the reader of the importance of science fiction as a literary genre, the writer uses a number of techniques. In the syntax of the text, attention is drawn to (A) _____ (sentences 9, 14, 17), (B) _____ (sentences 18 - 21), ( C) ______ (sentence 38), and among the tropes - (D) _____ (sentence 33)."

List of terms:

1) extended metaphor

2) syntactic parallelism

3) rhetorical exclamation

4) question-and-answer form of presentation

5) rhetorical question

6) epiphora

7) hyperbole

8) colloquial and colloquial vocabulary

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Part 2

25. Write an essay based on the text you read.

State one of the problems delivered author of the text. Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).

Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or a complete rewrite of the original text without any comments, then such work is graded 0 points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

Information about the text of part 1:

Answers:

(module Adaptive Adsense block at the end of the article)

The Unified State Examination in Russian consists of two parts and 25 tasks.

First part represents 24 tasks. They can be test-type, with a choice of one or more answers, open-ended (fill in the blank yourself).

The answer to the tasks of Part 1 is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a number (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers) written without spaces, commas and other additional characters.

Part 1 tasks test graduates’ mastery of educational material at both basic and high levels of complexity (tasks 7, 23–24).

Second part - consists of one task - 25. This task involves writing an essay based on the read and analyzed text.

Part 2 task (task 25 - essay) can be completed by the examinee at any level of difficulty (basic, advanced, high).

The work is given 210 minutes - 3.5 hours.

Distribution of tasks by parts of the examination paper

Unpointing for tasks

Below I will give the “cost” of each task performed.

For the correct completion of each task first part (except for tasks 1, 7, 15 and 24) the examinee receives 1 point. For an incorrect answer or lack thereof, 0 points are given.

For completing tasks 1 and 15, you can score from 0 to 2 points.

The answer that contains all the numbers from the standard and no other numbers is considered correct.

For completing task 7, you can score from 0 to 5 points.

For each correctly indicated digit corresponding to a number from the list, the examinee receives 1 point (5 points: no errors; 4 points: one error was made; 3 points: two errors were made; 2 points: two digits were indicated correctly; 1 point: correctly indicated only one digit; 0 points: completely incorrect answer, i.e. incorrect sequence of numbers or lack thereof.

For completing task 24, you can score from 0 to 4 points. The answer that contains all the numbers from the standard and no other numbers is considered correct.

The maximum number of points that an examinee can receive if he or she completes the task correctly second part , is 24 points.

For correct completion of all tasks of the examination paper, you can receive the maximum 57 primary points .

On the website you can find options for trial tests in various subjects, such as: mathematics, social studies, literature, history, chemistry, physics, biology, geography, computer science, Russian, English and Spanish. Tests such as the State Examination and the Unified State Exam are very serious for students, and therefore preparation for them is very important. The best way to prepare for such tests is to take the tests on this site. Practice tests consist of sequential questions and answer options. After passing the test, you will be presented with the correct answers and the mistakes you made, this will give you the opportunity to test your strength and knowledge and practice before the exam.

Advantages and disadvantages of online USE tests

There are many options for preparing for exams and one of them is online tests. Of course, the essence of the tasks presented on the Unified State Exam differs from those presented on our website, but the format is the same and this will help you practice. When a student analyzes his mistakes or understands which questions are causing problems, he is given the opportunity to practice and study the subject in more depth to get a high score. Having studied the statistics, we can say that after passing practice tests, the level of knowledge and grades in lessons improves. After preliminary tests, the child adapts much faster and completes tasks better.

Trial tests will not give a very good result if you use a large number of hints while passing them, since you must remember that while passing the Unified State Exam it is forbidden to use auxiliary sources, less time is given and the tasks are more difficult. If you allow yourself to use hints during preparation, you may get used to it and you will have a very difficult time in the exam. For more productive preparation, it is recommended to use various methods of studying the material, and use cheat sheets as self-testing of knowledge.

The need to prepare for the Unified State Exam

In order to successfully pass the exam, you must prepare properly and diligently. The Unified State Exam is one of the first serious tasks for schoolchildren. Especially for you - our website Uchistut.ru, where you will conveniently prepare for the upcoming exams. High scores obtained on the Unified State Exam practically guarantee a successful and prestigious university for you. And obtaining quality knowledge is the ticket to a prosperous and successful life. The more time a student devotes to training tests, the higher his level of knowledge and psychological readiness for exams will be, since the tests presented by us are written taking into account all generally accepted methods. It is on our portal that you have the opportunity to practice before exams so that you can pass them with ease!

Line UMK M. M. Razumovskaya. Russian language (5-9)

Line UMK V. V. Babaytseva. Russian language (10-11) (in-depth)

Line UMK Kudryavtseva. Russian language (10-11)

Line UMK Pakhnova. Russian language (10-11) (B)

Unified State Exam in Russian: detailed analysis of tasks with specialists

New materials on the Unified State Exam are available for review at the following link:

Below is a breakdown of the 2017 assignments.

3.5 hours (210 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work.

Minimum number of points in Russian language:

• to obtain a certificate - 24 points;
• for admission to a university - 36 points.

Structure of the examination paper:

Each version of the examination paper consists of two parts and includes 25 tasks that differ in form and level of difficulty.

Part 1 contains 24 short answer questions. The examination paper offers the following types of short-answer tasks:

• open-type tasks to record a self-formulated correct answer;
• selection tasks and recording one correct answer from the proposed list of answers.

Part 2 contains 1 open-type task with a detailed answer (essay), testing the ability to create your own statement based on the text you read.

Irina Vasilievna Sosnina, teacher of Russian language and literature, laureate of the Moscow Grant competition in the field of science and technology in education.
Awarded a Certificate of Honor from the Ministry of Education and Science, work experience - 34 years.

Ryabtseva Elena Aleksandrovna, a teacher of the highest category, teaches at a high school. Veteran of labor, Winner of the competition for the best teachers of the Russian Federation within the framework of the Priority National Project “Education”. Twice Laureate of the Moscow Grant competition in the field of science and technology in education. Teaching experience - 46 years.

Part 1

Read the text and complete tasks 1–3.

(1)L.N. Gumilyov, studying the features of the historical development of the peoples of Eurasia, noticed that rapid social changes on the continent associated with solar activity cycles , which are described quite fully by astronomers. (2) Following experts in the field of natural science, the scientist suggested that this connection is natural . (3)<…>he put forward and developed the hypothesis that sharp increase in solar activity favors that , which is found in large quantities on Earth “passionaries” are born - people of increased activity , promoting social change and guiding the historical movement of peoples.

1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The main discovery of L.N. Gumilyov was that he was the first to see the connection between active members of society - “passionaries” - and a number of historical events in Eurasia.

2) L.N. Gumilyov drew attention to the fact that social changes and the strengthening of ethnic processes on Earth are somehow connected with the cosmic energy of the galaxy.

3) L.N. Gumilyov, having put forward a hypothesis about “passionaries,” explained the connection between solar activity cycles and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth.

4) The peoples of Eurasia, according to L.N. Gumilyov, owe their historical development primarily to solar activity cycles, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers.

5) While studying the features of the historical development of Eurasia, L.N. Gumilyov put forward a hypothesis about “passionaries”, according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of solar activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Answer: 3 5

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Highlight in each sentence the key words that are important for understanding the issue addressed in this text.

2. Determine cause-and-effect relationships between sentences in the text.

3. Shorten the text by deleting secondary information (various types of explanations, details, descriptions of minor facts, comments, lexical repetitions).

4. Convey in one sentence the main information contained in the text.

5. Correlate your version of text compression (your sentence conveying its main idea) with the answer options.

Try to retell the text concisely:

Let's compare the retelling with the options:

1. in the first version, the emphasis is placed on the connection between active members of society - “passionaries” - and a number of historical events in Eurasia;
2. in the second option there is extra information that social changes and the strengthening of ethnic processes on Earth are associated with the cosmic energy of the galaxy;
3. in the third version, a hypothesis about “passionaries” is put forward, the connection between solar activity cycles and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth is explained, this is true;
4. in the fourth version, erroneous information is given that the peoples of Eurasia owe their historical development primarily to solar activity cycles, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers;
5. in the fifth version, the hypothesis about “passionaries” is correctly explained, according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of solar activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Correct answer options - 3 5

2. Which of the following words or combinations of words should be missing in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

But
Because
Meanwhile
However
Moreover,

Answer: 5

Algorithm for completing the task:

To correctly determine the word (combination of words) necessary for a given context:

1) Read the test carefully and understand the logic of the author’s reasoning.

2) Determine which logical link in the author’s reasoning is the sentence with a gap:

Does not indicate the cause of the described phenomena (hence, it is impossible to insert BECAUSE );

It is not an introductory phrase and does not indicate a mention of anything (hence, the meaning of the gap cannot be replaced MEANWHILE );

Used for contrast, emphasizing the contradiction (hence, in place of the gap, according to the meaning, it is impossible to insert HOWEVER, THEN, BUT );

Used to indicate of special importance the following phrase (therefore, in place of the gap according to the meaning, you need to choose MOREOVER );

3) Carry out the substitution, and then re-read the resulting option again and make sure that you have correctly established the logical correspondence between the sentence with the gap and the one that precedes it.

3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word DEVELOP. Determine in what sense this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

DEVELOP, -I’m calling, -you’re calling, owls.

1) Strengthen, give something. strengthen, strengthen. R. interest in music.

2) Bring to a certain degree of spiritual maturity, consciousness, and culture. R. child. Reading developed her.

3) Distribute, expand, deepen the content or application of something. R. idea. R. argumentation.

4) Do something. to unfold something in a wide manner with all the energy. R. agitation. R. activity.

Answer: 3.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Read the assignment carefully.

2. Find the given sentence.

3. Include each of the suggested lexical interpretations to replace the word given for analysis.

4. Determine whether the sentence lost or did not lose its semantic integrity during the linguistic experiment:

If the sentence has not lost its semantic integrity, the answer is correct;

If the meaning of the sentence has changed, the answer is incorrect.

Word DEVELOP, -I’m calling, -you’re calling, owls. used in the sense of spreading, expanding, deepening the content or application of something.

R. idea. R. argumentation.

4. Which word has an error in stress placement: WRONG Is the letter indicating the stressed vowel sound highlighted? Write this word down.

Boyhood

bleeding

vulgarize

Answer: vulgarize

Algorithm for completing the task:

It is necessary to remember: the mobility of the Russian accent creates objective difficulties when completing this task, so pay attention to the recommendations and repeat the words from the link.

1. In feminine past tense verbs, the stress, as a rule, falls on the ending A: took, took, tookA, took, poured in, rushed in, took in, recreated, drove, chased, got, got, waited, waited, occupied, locked, locked, called, lied, poured, poured, lied, overstrained, called As, poured, narwala, started, doused, hugged, overtook, stripped, departed, gave, recalled, recalled, poured, called, watered, understood, arrived, tore, removed, created, tore, removed.

Note:

The exception is feminine past tense verbs with the prefix YOU-, which draws the emphasis: Poured, called ;

For the verbs put, sneak, send, send, send, the emphasis in the feminine form of the past tense does NOT fall on the ending A, but remains on the basis: put, stole, sent, sent, sent.

5. In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is used INCORRECTLY. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

The jury returned a GUILTY verdict in the case.

Experiments have shown that when lightning strikes soil containing silicates and ORGANIC carbon, a tangle of silicon fibers and silicon carbide is formed.

“He was a very HIDDEN man who knew how to remain silent,” recalled the writer’s contemporaries.

Inside the Soviets, instead of democracy, the DICTATE of the Bolsheviks was established.

I am ready to forgive even cruelty if I see compassion COMING from the one who is talking about it.

Answer: secretive.

Paronyms are words with the same root, belonging to the same part of speech, similar in sound, but having different lexical meanings: addresser - addressee; ignorant - ignorant; put on - put on, etc.

Members of paronymic pairs

They have different lexical meanings;

Combined with different words.

The correct answer is " SECRETIVE", not inclined to share his thoughts and experiences with others.

6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

WILL ERASE from the board

sing ZVONCHE

V A HUNDRED AND A HUNDRED meters

two pairs SOCKS

Not DROPING not a word

Answer: having spoken

Algorithm for completing the task:

To complete this task you need a good knowledge of theory.

1. Formation and use of the nominative and genitive plural cases of nouns (For most masculine nouns ending in a hard consonant ( orange, tomato, fly agaric, computer, sock ), the ending is typical -OV in the genitive plural form: oranges, tomatoes, fly agarics, computers, socks etc).

2. Use of the numerals one and a half, one and a half hundred ( The numerals one and a half and one and a half hundred in all indirect cases, except the accusative, have the form one and a half, one and a half hundred ).

3. Formation and use of degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

The comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs differ from each other in their syntactic functions in a sentence: the comparative degree of an adjective acts as a predicate of a personal clause, a determiner and, very rarely, a subject; comparative degree of an adverb - in the role of circumstance.

There was a mistake in the word " uttering" This is a gerund formed from a perfective verb. Perfect participles are formed by adding a suffix -V- to the basics of the vowel infinitive: push - pushing, come - having arrived, look - after looking.

We also offer to your attention work program for teaching materials Gusarova I.V. (basic and advanced levels) for grades 10-11.

From the fifth grade you can already start working work program for teaching materials of R.I. Albetkova in Russian literature.

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

A) incorrect use of the case form of a noun

with a pretext

B) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase

C) disruption of the connection between subject and predicate

D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech

D) violation in the construction of sentences with homogeneous members

OFFERS

1) In 1915, Charlie Chaplin participated in the Charlie Chaplin look-alike competition in San Francisco, but he not only did not win, but did not even make it to the finals.

2) The student told his teacher that I had not yet prepared for the answer.

3) Nekrasov’s poem “The Railway” presents a picture of folk life.

4) Turning back, it seemed to me that the dog was still following me, but there was no one.

5) Many years ago, here, in the very center of the village, there was a wooden church, and everyone who saw it admired the elegance of the building.

6) From June 1, commuter trains will depart according to the summer schedule.

7) The beast carefully made its way along the road leading to the village and along which it had walked more than once.

8) A squad of rescuers advanced towards the group of tourists.

9) All parcels sent abroad undergo strict epidemiological control.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer:

A.8. Errors associated with incorrect use of the CASE FORM of a NOUN WITH A PREPOSITION.

B.4. Errors in constructing sentences with participial phrases.

A sentence in which the action expressed by the predicate verb and the action expressed by the gerund are performed by different persons is grammatically incorrect.

AT 5. Errors associated with a violation of the connection between the SUBJECT and the SUBJECT.

In complex sentences built according to the model “ THOSE WHO... », « EVERYONE WHO... ", with the subject CTO the predicate verb is placed in the singular, and with the subjects TE (ALL) the predicate verbs are used in the plural.

D.2. Errors in constructing sentences with INDIRECT SPEECH.

When translating direct speech into indirect speech, it is unacceptable to use the personal pronoun “I” in the subordinate part: pronouns and verbs in the first person form should be replaced with pronouns and verbs in the third person form.

D 7. Errors in constructing sentences with HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS.

The error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members (sentence 7) lies in the fact that different syntactic constructions are included in the series of homogeneous members. You need: either two participial phrases, or two homogeneous subordinate clauses.

8. Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

Noteworthy

near..native (station)

hug..mother

Sat..regulate

analog..gical

Answer: hug

Algorithm for completing the task:

1) Select test words for each word, remembering that among them there may be dictionary words, the unstressed vowel at the root of which requires memorization.

If you find words that have a vowel being tested in the root, or dictionary words, you can cross them out, as they will not be the correct answer

2) Read all the words carefully and find among them a word with an alternating vowel in the root:

GAR - GOR; ZAR - ZOR; CLAN - CLONE; TVAR - CREATIVE; LAG- LOG; BIR - BER; PIR - PER; DIR - DER; TIR - TER; WORLD - MER; BLIST - SHINE; STEEL - STEEL; JIG - BURN; CHIT - CHIT; KAS - KOS A; (I) - IM (IN); RAST - RASCH - ROS; JACK - SKOCCH; MAC - MOC; EQUAL - EQUAL; PLAV - PLOV; CHA - CHIN; MY - MIN; ZHA - bench press; NY - NIM; KLYA - WEDGE.

Things to remember:

1. Tested unstressed vowels in the root of the word

(in the unstressed position at the root of the word the same vowel is written as under stress in words with the same root or forms of this word: noteworthy - notice; save - carefully; analogous - analogy).

2. Alternating vowels in the root of the word (Hug - hug).

9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

pr..miracle, pr..gate (interpret)

pr..smear (with glue), pr..grandfather

not..bending, ..give

about..chalk, between..grove

under..yachy, over..eat

Answer: unbending, surrender

To complete the task correctly, you must know the following spelling rules:

Spelling of unchangeable prefixes: (always written the same way. You need to know them by sight: in-, in-, inzo-, you-, do-, for-, iso-, on-, over-, necessary-, not-, under-, o-, about-, about-, over-, over- , sub-, sub-, pra-, pre-, pro-, dis-, s-, co- . In the word “smear” (with glue) write the prefix PRO-, and in the word “great-grandfather” - PRA-)

Spelling of variable prefixes ending in -3 And -WITH(the prefix is ​​written with the letter Z if the root begins with a vowel or a voiced consonant, and with the letter S if the root begins with a voiceless consonant (k, p, s, t - a word for remembering “KaPuST”: without-/bes-, who-/res- (up-/sun-), from-/is-, bottom-/nis-, times-/ras, rose-/ros-, through/through (through/through) ;

Spelling of prefixes PRE- And AT-: (so as not to make a mistake in spelling the prefix AT- or PRE- in a word, you should know their meaning. These prefixes are considered semantic, that is, the choice in their spelling is based on the meaning of the prefixes, which they contribute to the lexical meaning of the word. So the root of the word “quirk” turns out to be a morpheme -MIRACLE-: Quirk-Wonderful-Wonderful. ... The semantics (meaning) of the prefix PRI- in a word is unclear, so we remember the spelling of this prefix in a given word. And in the word “misinterpret” the choice of prefix depends on the lexical meaning of the word. Words with prefixes PRE-/PRI-, which are pronounced the same, but have different lexical meanings that determine the choice of prefix: in this case - “false, distorted”, so we choose the prefix PRE-);

Spelling I, Y after prefixes (if the prefix ends in a consonant, then AND the root changes to Y: a game- draw , famous - unknown , story - background .

But, after the prefixes of inter-, super- and foreign language prefixes dez-, counter-, post-, sub-, super-, trans-, pan- And it does not change: super-refined, inter-institutional, disinfection, counter-play, post-impressionism, trans-Indian, pan-Islamism.

Excl.: charge);

Spelling separators Kommersant And b signs (dividing Kommersant written only after consonant prefixes before letters e, e, yu, i, denoting two sounds (the sound [th’] appears): entrance, overeat. Inside the word, before the letters e, e, i, yu, i(not after the prefix!): curtain, serious, nightingale, blizzard, peasant, clerk (cf. clerk) etc. write b).

The prefix is ​​missing from the words “unbending” and “surrender” WITH-. There is no prefix Z-. The prefix C- does not change. Formally, the prefix C- is used in combinations sb, sg, sd, szh, sk, sch.

10. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

nomadic

suede

outshine

thoughtful...

Answer: Thoughtful

This is an adjective, the spelling is in the suffix. Adjective name suffixes –LIV-, -CHIV-, are always written with the letter I.

Adjectives have suffixes -A LION-,-CHEV- can not be.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Determine in which part of the word the letter is missing: in the ending or in the suffix.

2) If a vowel is missing from the ending, then use the indefinite form of the verb to determine its conjugation:

vowels are written in the personal endings of verbs of the first conjugation E, U ;

vowels are written in the personal endings of verbs of the second conjugation I, A (Z) .

3) If a vowel is missing in the suffix, then analyze the nature of the spelling:

· missing vowel in participle suffixes ushch, yushch, ushch, yashch, im, eat (ohm) .

· missing vowel before participle suffix vsh, nn.

4) Spelling of participle suffixes ushch, yushch, ushch, yashch, im, eat (ohm) depends on the conjugation of the original verb:

· in participles formed from verbs of the first conjugation, suffixes are written ush, yush, eat(om) ;

· in participles formed from verbs of the second conjugation, suffixes are written yash, yash, them.

5) Spelling vowels before participle suffixes Vsh And NN depends on yat - yat or it - there the infinitive form of the original verb ends:

· if the original verb ends in at or yat, then before NN in passive past participles the vowel a(я) is retained;

· if the original verb ends in it or eat , then before NN only written e ;

before the suffix Vsh the same vowel is retained as before the ending t in an indefinite form.

Help: Put the verb into the 3rd person plural. (What are THEY doing? What will THEY do?) ending -ut-ut – verb 1 conjugation - a letter should be written at the endings E ,

Ending - at-yat - verb 2 conjugations - a letter should be written at the endings AND .

11. Write down the word in which the letter Y is written in place of the gap.

hopeful

(they) are offended...

(patients) recovered..t

sealed

(they) visit..t

Answer: They will be offended

It is a verb derived from the verb "OFFEND", relating to the second conjugation. See table:

Conjugation of verbs

12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is written together with the word.

Open the brackets and write down this word.

We lived poorly, constantly (NOT) EATED, and exchanged the things we brought with us for food.

My trained eye determined that the area was (UN)INHABITABLE, but I still decided to look for at least some signs of human presence.

It is still far (UN)CLEAR whether such an evaluation criterion is applicable to everyone and to the same extent.

The zoo is accepting (NOT) SOLD OUT fruits for the New Year, which will be enjoyed by elephants, kangaroos, bears and artiodactyls.

She is an amazing Russian actress, he is a (UN)KNOWN genius teacher, and both are true servants of the theater.

Answer: They were malnourished, because.:

UNDER-- a complex prefix indicating incompleteness, lack of action or quality, for example, underfill, under-release, underdeveloped . It consists of two independently used elements: prefixes before- , denoting achievement of a goal, completion of an action ( finish, get there, finish reading, survive ), and particles Not-, which negates what "before" denotes ( not enough to eat, not enough to eat …).

Verbs with UNDER- Incompleteness of action, manifested in the absence of a sufficient norm, is associated in verbs

1) with a lack of quantity of something ( not enough, not enough, not enough, not enough ),

2) with a lack of extension of something in time ( underexpose, undersing, undersleep, underexposure ),

3) with insufficient intensity of action ( overlook, overlook, underhear, undersee ).

The most numerous is the first group of verbs. Among the verbs with UNDER- there are those who are without NOT not used (n to bother, to misunderstand, to underuse, to underestimate, to dislike, to mishear, to be perplexed, to miss... ) Verbs to solicit, to understand, to further use, to overestimate, to cherish, to hear, to understand, to account... are absent in the language.

It should be remembered that the writing rules NOT with different parts of speech can be grouped as follows:

13. Identify the sentence in which both highlighted words are writtenFULL. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

Examining evidence (BECAUSE OF preceded by the announcement of documents formulating the accusation, and ALSO) discussion of the procedure for examining evidence.

Nihilistic philosophy does not allow any (OVER)PERSONAL values ​​on which a person could rely, TO) justify your existence.

(FIRSTLY , everything must be fair, so the spoils must be divided (EQUALLY .

(DESPITE despite the hostility of critics, Turgenev was extremely popular among Russian readers: his novels enjoyed enormous fame even ( AT FIRST XX century.

The theater was (WHITE)STONE building with a high porch and SO (SAME) tall oak doors.

Answer: Superpersonal, to

Adjective " SUPERPERSONAL "is written together, because

The first part of a compound adjective " ABOVE » enters the value of exceeding the usual measure, limit;

Word " TO " is a conjunction and can be replaced with a synonym.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Read the sentence, think about its meaning.

2) Determine which part of speech the highlighted word belongs to.

Unions so that, too, also, but, moreover, moreover, so, therefore written together; they can be replaced with synonyms of the same part of speech.

Words of other parts of speech similar in sound to these conjunctions that, the same, in the same way, for that, with that, and so, from that are written separately. They consist of two components: one of them (would) can either be removed from the sentence or rearranged to another place; another component ( that, that, with which, so, that ) replace with other words.

Derivative prepositions are written together: AS A RESULT = because of , IN VIEW = because of , ABOUT = O , TOWARD = To , DESPITE = contrary to .

Derivative prepositions are written separately: DURING = IN CONTINUATION, IN CONTRAST, FINALLY , FOR .

For continuous, hyphenated or separate writing of adverbs, apply the appropriate rules.

Derivative prepositions - during E: There was no news for a year. (time value)

Nouns with prepositions - during AND(what?) rivers. She spoke for an hour. Watch the continuation AND(what?) series. In contrast E from others (used with from). As a result E= due to

Nouns with prepositions - go up (refers to the verb),

Climb to the top of the mountain.

Participles with negation

Despite the rain, we left the city (even though it was raining). Despite the bad weather, we went hiking.

14. Indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) NN is written.

The young officers assigned to the regiment were spoiled (2) by a soft attitude towards them during the training period and knew absolutely (3) nothing about the true (4) life of ordinary soldiers.

Answer: 1,3,4.

The word "appointed" is the passive past participle should be written NN

1. The word “spoiled” is a short form (except for the masculine form) of an adjective with a qualitative meaning that matches in form the passive participles of the past tense of perfective verbs, written with NN

2. The word “True” - NN - because it is formed at the junction of a stem ending in the letter N, and suffix N

Reasoning algorithm:

1 Determine which part of speech the word with the missing letter belongs to;

2.Apply spelling rule N And NN in the suffix of this part of speech.

Noun: NN

1. If the root of a word ends in N , and the suffix begins with N: raspberry(raspberries)

2.If noun. derived from adj., having NN, or from the participle: soreness (sick), spoiled (spoiled)

3. Remember: homeless woman

1. In words formed from nouns that have suffixes -in-, -an-, -yang- : peat bog (from noun peat)

2. In words formed from adj. with one N : student (from adj. scientist), martyr, worker

3. In words: crimson (crimson), hemp (hemp), dumpling (boiled), smoked meats (smoked), kostyanika (bone), wisdom (sophisticated), Maslenitsa (butter), fescue (oat), hotel (living room), drovyanik (wood-burning), cleverness (clever), great martyr

Adjective:

1. noun -H+ -H -: pocket

2. -HE N- , -ENN- : commission, cranberry! windless

3. exceptions with -YANN-: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN

Yunnats (young naturalists)

4. -IN- : goose , exception WINDY (day, person)

5. -AN- (-YAN-) : leather Remember: young; crimson, ruddy, zealous, drunk, spicy (historical suf. -YAN- ); lamb, pork, blue, green, single, vigorous .

The same amount is written in short adjectives n, how much and in full

foggy distance - foggy distance, windy girl - windy girl

Participles:

N - NN IN SUFFIXES OF PARTICIPLES AND VERBAL ADJECTIVES

1. There is a prefix: sifted flour (except for the attachment Not-)

But: wholemeal flour

1. There is a prefix Not-: unsifted flour

2. No ¬, but there is ZS: flour sifted through a sieve

3. No ¬: sifted flour

4. there is a suffix -ova-/-eva-: pickles

Exceptions: forged, chewed, pecked (-ov-, -ev- are part of the root)

5. Formed from an unprefixed perfective verb:

Solved problem (decide - what to do?) But: a wounded soldier, wounded in the leg! Although wounded, the soldier remained in service.

The women immediately hung up the laundry. (Passive parables, because they retain a verbal meaning, indicate a temporary state, and not a permanent attribute-quality)., windless

Exception: wounded, windy

6. These same words in their literal meaning will be participles: named play, finished work.

7. When a participle changes into an adjective, the lexical meaning of the word can change: a smart child, an uninvited guest, a sworn brother, a jailed father, a dowry, Forgiveness Sunday, a finished man.

Exceptions: cutesy, desired, unheard of, unprecedented, sacred, unexpected, unforeseen, accidental, deliberate, slow, awake, swaggering, minted.

8. The spelling does not change in the composition of complex words: gold-woven, broken-broken, the word everything as a whole has the meaning adj. (high degree of quality), and not the meaning “adj. + participle."

9. Short participles: the girl is spoiled

SHOULD BE DIFFERENTIATED

Short adjective

The girl is well-mannered (herself – short adjective). Can be replaced with a full adjective: well-mannered.

Short Communion

The girl was raised in an orphanage (by whom?) - a short parable. Replaced with a verb: the girl was raised.

Exist. ? cr. ???

The matter has been thought out (what?) from all sides. Thought out - predicate.

15.Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) His relatives and colleagues and numerous friends came to congratulate the hero of the day.

2) The romantic hero finds his equal beginning only in communication with the elements: with the world of the ocean or sea, mountains or coastal rocks.

3) In the excerpt from Bunin’s Antonov Apples, one senses not so much the author’s desire to be a landowner as the desire to be free from petty matters.

4) Constant movement and striving towards other limits is the essence of creative life, and this is exactly what Pasternak wrote about in one of his poems.

5) In the morning the east lit up with a blush and the small clouds turned a delicate color.

Answer:2,3

2-sentence - repeating conjunction OR with homogeneous terms.

3rd sentence - conjunction " as much as", which expresses a comparison under constraint; same as " not to the same extent... as" A punctuation mark is placed between parts of a sentence (before the second part of the conjunction).

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Find homogeneous members in the sentence.

2. Determine what conjunctions connect them:

· if it is a single connecting or dividing conjunction (and, or, either, yes (= and) , no comma is placed in front of it;

· if it is a double union ( both... and; not so much..., but; not only but; although... but ), a comma is placed only before the second part of a double conjunction;

· if these are repeating conjunctions, then a comma is placed only in front of those that are between homogeneous members;

· a comma is always placed before adversative conjunctions between homogeneous members.

3. Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members connected in pairs. Remember: if homogeneous members in a sentence are connected in pairs, then a comma is placed between the paired groups and only one.

16. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

Mathematics (1) originated in Ancient Greece (2) has two “parents” - logic and geometry, therefore (3) without understanding (4) the nature of the “parents” (5) its essence cannot be understood.

Answer: a) 1,2 - participial phrase, standing after the word being defined, b)3,4- gerund (single)

Reasoning algorithm:

Participial phrase answers questions Which? which? which? which?;

The participle answers questions what did you do? doing what? And denotes an additional action with a predicate verb; participial phrase answers questions How? When? Why?

*the placement of punctuation marks in a participial phrase depends on its location in relation to the noun being defined;

*adverbial phrases are always highlighted in writing with commas;

*homogeneous definitions and circumstances, expressed by participial and participial phrases and connected by a single conjunction AND, are not separated by a comma.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Find participial and adverbial phrases in the sentence, correctly defining their boundaries. Always separated by commas.

2) Determine what position in the sentence the participial phrase occupies ( BEFORE- is not separated by commas. AFTER the defined word – highlighted

3) Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members with the conjunction I, expressed by participial or participial phrases. There is no comma before the conjunction I.

Difficult cases of punctuation in participial and participial phrases.

17. Place all missing punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentences.

Winds (1) winds (2) snowy (3) winds (4)

Notice my past life.

I want to be a bright boy

Or a flower from a meadow border.

I (5) would like (6) to hear horses snore

Hugging a nearby bush.

Raise your (7) you (8) moon paws (9)

My sadness goes to heaven like a bucket.

(S. Yesenin)

Answer: 1,2,4 is an appeal

8.9 is an appeal

Remember: introductory words can be removed from a sentence without changing the main idea of ​​the syntactic structure. Use the technique of eliminating highlighted words.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Check whether the highlighted words are introductory.

· Introductory words can be removed from the sentence or replaced with synonymous introductory words; they are separated by commas.

· Members of a sentence that are homonymous with introductory words cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the syntactic structure; they are not separated by commas.

Remember that the following words are not introductory and are not separated by commas: as if, as if, perhaps, for the most part, as if, literally, in addition, because, ultimately, it seems, hardly, anyway, after all, even, precisely, sometimes, as if, moreover, only, Meanwhile, for sure, extremely, I suppose, certainly, definitely, partly, at least, truly, as before, therefore, simply, albeit, decisively, nevertheless, only, allegedly.

18. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

Chekhov seemed unable to keep in focus for a long time the pattern of life (1) the essence (2) of which (3) his genius (4) picked out everywhere, so he became a master of short stories.

Answer: 1.4 - subordinate clauses are separated

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence.

2. Determine the boundaries of the main and subordinate parts.

3. Read the sentence, observing the selected signs. This will help identify an incorrectly found solution or, conversely, confirm the correct choice.

Remember! As a rule, this task presents complex sentences with subordinate clauses, in them conjunction word which stands not at the beginning of the subordinate clause, but in the middle of it, therefore A comma is not placed before a conjunctive word. (1. Eliminate the numbers around the word “which”

4. Attention to the conjunction I). Determine what it connects: parts of a complex sentence - a comma, homogeneous members of a sentence - no comma.

19. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

How nice it is to look at a ship with white sails from afar (1) and (2) when you get into this web of gear (3) from which (4) there is no way (5) and see everything from the inside (6) you immediately recognize the superiority of the steamship over the sailboat.

Answer: put commas

3-the subordinate clause has ended, a new one begins

5-between parts of a complex sentence

6-end of subordinate clause

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Identify the grammatical bases in the sentence.

2. Determine the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex syntactic structure.

3. See how these parts are connected to each other.

4. Find out if it is present in the sentence union I , and if it is present in the sentence, determine what it connects:

· If homogeneous members, then there is a comma before it not placed;

· If parts of a complex sentence, then in front of him a comma is placed.

5. Find 2 unions nearby: what if, what when, and if, and although, but when, so that if, and when:

· A comma is NOT placed between conjunctions if the words follow in the sentence then, yes, but

· A comma is placed between conjunctions if not SO, SO, BUT

Read the text and complete tasks 20–24.

(1) The sky was overcast with evil clouds, the rain sadly pounded the windows and made me sad. (2) In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin, stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the crying sky. - (4) What is she? (5) Some kind of book with a lot of pages on which more suffering and grief are written than joys... (6) Why was it given to us? (7) After all, God, the good and omnipotent, did not create the world for sorrows! (8) But it turns out the other way around. (9) There are more tears than laughter..."

(10) Judah took his right hand out of his pocket and scratched the back of his head.

(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, corruption and shame, but in reality they exist. (12) They were created by humanity itself. (13) It itself gave birth to this scourge. (14) And for what, one might ask, for what?”

(15) He took out his left hand and sadly ran it over his face.

(16) “But how easily it would be possible to help people’s grief: you just have to lift a finger. (17 For example, there is a rich funeral procession. (18) A gear of horses in black blankets is carrying a magnificent coffin, and behind it rides almost on a mile away there is a line of carriages. (19) The torchbearers step out importantly with lanterns. (20) Cardboard coats of arms dangle from the horses: they are burying an important person, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life? (22) Did you warm the poor man? (23) Of course not... tinsel!

- (24) What do you want, Semyon Ivanovich?

- (25) Yes, I find it difficult to evaluate the costume. (26) In my opinion, it is impossible to give more than six rubles for it. (27) And she asks for seven; He says the kids are sick and need to be treated.

- (28) And six rubles will be too much. (29) Don’t give more than five, otherwise we’ll go bankrupt. (30) Just take a good look around to see if there are any holes or spots left somewhere... (31) “Okay, sir, so this is life that makes you think about human nature. (32) Behind the rich hearse is a cart, on which a pine coffin is loaded. (33) Only one old woman trudges behind her, splashing through the mud. (34) This old woman, perhaps, is burying her breadwinner son... (35) But let me ask if the lady sitting in the carriage will give her even a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t give it, although maybe he will express his condolences... (37) What else is there?”

- (38) The old woman brought a fur coat... how much should I give?

- (39) Rabbit fur... (40) Nothing, strong, worth five rubles. (41) Give three rubles, and interest, of course, forward... (42) “Where, in fact, are people, where are their hearts? (43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t even care..."

(44) Judah pressed his forehead to the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

(according to A.P. Chekhov*)

*Alexander Pavlovich Chekhov (1855–1913) - Russian writer, prose writer, publicist, elder brother of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.

20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin is one of the ordinary employees of the city pawnshop.

2) The woman who gave the suit to the pawn shop had sick children.

3) In the city pawn shop of Judah, interest is taken in advance.

4) The owner of the city pawnshop is worried about the fate of the people, so he is ready to do charity work.

5) One old woman went to a pawnshop to sell a hare’s fur coat, because she was very poor and needed money for a funeral.

To complete the task, use the following algorithm:

· Read the text carefully

Find in it confirmation or refutation of this or that statement

· Choose the correct answers

Let's consider how this algorithm can be applied to complete this task.

The first answer is unfaithful, because Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin is the owner of the city pawnshop (proposal No. 2)

Statement stated in the fourth answer option is exactly the opposite of what the author says in the text itself. So this answer incorrect.

In the fifth version the answer contains only part of the correct information (the old woman was poor), but she did not need the money for a funeral

So answer number 5 too incorrect.

Statement No. 2 is correct: “He says the kids are sick and need to be treated” (sentence 27). This loyal answer.

Statement No. 3 is correct: “Give me three rubles, and the interest, of course, will be forward...” (sentence No. 41). This loyal answer.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 2.3

21. Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Sentence 2 contains a description.

2) Sentences 11–14 present the narrative.

3) Proposition 23 contains an answer to the question formulated

in sentences 21–22.

4) Sentences 34–36 present the reasoning

5) Proposition 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

Algorithm for completing the task:

Read the suggested fragments carefully;

Remember that the description shows, describes.

Varieties of description:

1) description of an object, person (its characteristics)

2) description of the place

3) description of the state of the environment

4) description of the state of the person (person)

5) description of actions

The narrative tells about the actions and deeds of the hero. We can trace a series of events that follow each other (was, is, will be).

Reasoning is built according to the scheme: thesis, evidence, conclusion.

Attention! There is not always a clear thesis statement in a passage. But if there is an explanation, a discussion of any event, phenomenon, then this reasoning, not storytelling. The presence of rhetorical questions and rhetorical exclamations, introductory words will tell you that this is reasoning.

Determine what type of speech each fragment belongs to

Let's try to apply this algorithm.

1) Sentence 2 contains a description.

“In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin, stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street.”

The fragment describes the pose and clothing. We “see” this hero.

So this one the answer is correct

2) Sentences 11–14 present the narrative.

(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, corruption and shame, but in reality they exist. (12) They were created by humanity itself. (13) It itself gave birth to this scourge. (14) And for what, one might ask, for what?”

This answer incorrect. In this passage, the hero talks about the universe, poverty, and humanity. It contains an introductory word, a rhetorical question. So, uh then the reasoning.

3) Proposition 23 contains the answer to the question formulated in sentences 21–22.

(21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life? (22) Did you warm the poor man? (23) Of course not... tinsel! Question, question and answer. This correct answer.

4) Sentences 34–36 present reasoning.

(34) This old woman, perhaps, is burying her breadwinner son... (35) But let me ask if the lady sitting in the carriage will give her even a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t, although maybe he will express his condolences...

This is the correct answer. The hero talks about kindness and condolences. We observe in this fragment introductory words, a rhetorical question.

5) Proposition 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

(44) Judah pressed his forehead to the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

A series of actions: he pressed his forehead, thought, and tears came out. So this answer incorrect, This narration.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 134

22. From sentences 39–45, write down antonyms (antonymous pair).

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Remember what antonyms are.

Antonyms are words that belong to the same part of speech, differ in spelling and sound, and mean directly opposite concepts.

Do not forget about contextual antonyms, which are the individual stylistic use of a particular word... In general use, these words do not stand in antonymic relationships with each other. Thus, in the context of A. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin,” the words “wave” and “stone,” “poetry” and “prose,” “ice” and “fire” are antonyms.

3. Define the specified lexical item

4. Choose the correct answer

(43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t even care..."

These are nouns with the opposite lexical meaning.

Therefore, we write out: poor people, rich people

23. Among sentences 15–23, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a coordinating conjunction and a personal pronoun. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).

Reasoning algorithm:

Remember what types of conjunctions there are (coordinating and subordinating)

1. Find a coordinating conjunction

2. Remember the categories of pronouns

3. Find a personal pronoun

4. See which sentence contains both a coordinating conjunction and a personal pronoun

Coordinating Conjunctions

Connecting and, yes(=and), neither, nor, too, also

Nasty a, but, yes (=but), but, however, same

Separating or, either, so-and-so, either... or, not that... not that

Personal pronouns (initial form)

Case forms

Attention! Case forms of personal pronouns HER, HIS, THEM coincide with possessive pronouns HER, HIS, THEM. How to distinguish?

For the initial form and question:

saw (who?) her, him, them .

Initial form: she, he, it, they.

Therefore, it is a personal pronoun.

Her, his, theirs books (R.p.).

Initial form: her, him, them books.

Books (whose?) her, his, theirs.

Therefore, these are possessive pronouns.

(20) Cardboard coats of arms are dangling from the horses: an important person is being buried, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life?

24. Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 20–23. This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Insert into the blanks (A, B, C, D) the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter.

Chekhov's stories are compact in form and deep in content, and the author avoids direct value judgments - his voice sounds quiet, but at the same time firmly and clearly. This is facilitated by a complex composition and, of course, a competent selection of visual and expressive means. In the presented fragment it is worth noting the trope - (A)__________ (“angry clouds” in sentence 1, “gloomy street” in sentence 2), lexical device - (B)__________ (“hanging out” in sentence 20, “we’ll burn out” in sentence 29 , “travels, spanking...” in sentence 33), syntactic means - (B)__________ (sentences 3, 14, 21). It is worth paying attention to such a technique as (G)__________ (sentence 11), which becomes, perhaps, one of the main ones in the construction of this text.”

List of terms

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

Reasoning algorithm:

Let's divide all terms into 3 groups

There is a hint in the first task:mark the trope.

Trails - words and expressions used by the author of the text in a figurative meaning.

Let's remember the tropes: personification, epithet, comparison, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, litotes, irony, periphrasis.

Let's see which of them are in the list of terms: epithet, synecdoche, hyperbole - this is first group

Let's remember the definitions: Hyperbole is an excessive exaggeration of certain properties of the depicted object. Synecdoche is a type of metonymy when the name of a part is used instead of the name of the whole or vice versa. An epithet is a figurative, emotional and evaluative definition.

Hyperbole and synecdoche are not appropriate.

« Evil clouds», « gloomy street" is a figurative, emotional-evaluative definition expressed by an adjective.

Therefore this epithet.

The second task deals with lexical means.

We add to our list: synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, neologisms, archaisms, historicisms, phraseological units, aphorisms, dialectisms, professionalisms, colloquial vocabulary.

The list of terms includes: Phraseologisms - a stable combination of words, the meaning of which is determined as a whole, and not by the meaning of the individual words included in it.

Colloquial vocabulary gives speech a character of ease and some reduction (rudeness, familiarity, playfulness).

Phraseologisms and colloquial vocabulary are second group

• The words “hanging out”, “burning out”, “tragging, splashing...” refer to colloquial vocabulary.

Therefore, the answer is: No. 4

In task “B” they ask about a syntactic device.

• Let’s remember the syntactic means of expressiveness and look at what is in the list of terms:

antithesis, inversion, gradation, oxymoron, parcellation, anaphora, epiphora, rhetorical question, interrogative sentences, rhetorical appeal, ellipsis, lexical repetition, question-answer form, syntactic parallelism, homogeneous members of the sentence.

• The list of terms includes:

Antithesis is a sharp opposition of concepts, thoughts, images.

Interrogative sentences are a question that is posed in order to obtain an answer.

Lexical repetition is the deliberate repetition of the same word or phrase.

Homogeneous members of a sentence are listed actions, objects, signs.

Antithesis, interrogative sentences, lexical repetition. homogeneous members of the sentence are the third group.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the crying sky. - (4) What is she? (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life?

These are interrogative sentences.

Therefore, answer #6

I propose to complete task “D” by the method of elimination.

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

5) series of homogeneous members of the sentence

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, corruption and shame, but in reality they exist.

The text is based on opposition. The thoughts and deeds of the hero of the story are contrasted.

Therefore, answer "No. 2"

Fill out the table: A- 3, B- 4, C- 6, D- 2

25. Write an essay based on the text you read.

State one of the problems delivered author of the text.

Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).

Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or a complete rewrite of the original text without any

• unique tasks according to 2019 specifications
• different sets of tasks for each new test
• a form of testing close to the real Unified State Examination
• the most complete information about test results - calculation of primary and test scores
• Soon you will be able to receive individual recommendations with reference material based on the test results

Description

You are given the opportunity to take the test, compiled according to the 2019 specification, under conditions that are as close as possible to those that will be on the real exam.

Firstly, this concerns the form of the exam itself. The Unified State Exam procedure requires a special form of filling out forms, which is unusual for students. Usually, schoolchildren have a fear of making mistakes when filling out a form. Our test is performed on electronic forms, similar to the forms that you will have to fill out in the real exam. This makes it possible to practice the skills of quickly and accurately entering answers into specially designated spaces. During the exam itself, thanks to this experience, you will not have to waste precious time reviewing answer forms.

Currently, 3 and a half hours (210 minutes) are given to complete the examination work in the Russian language. Previously, even less time was given and participants in the Unified State Examination of previous years complained about a catastrophic lack of time. The problem is that during the exam itself, no one will stand with a watch and monitor the degree of completion of tasks. Therefore, it is important to develop an internal sense of time and fit within the given three and a half hours. When performing a test, the site has a timer that controls the time spent working on the test and provides information about the time spent completing tasks. As a result of such training, the skills of quickly passing Unified State Exam tests are developed.

Secondly, the site presents unique tests developed in accordance with the requirements of the Unified State Exam 2019, i.e. The exam will have similar options for tasks. Regular training develops the skills to quickly and efficiently complete tasks, which will be useful in the exam itself.

Thirdly, the undoubted advantage of the presented test is that at the end, when you receive test results (primary and secondary scores), information about the time spent on work, the number of errors and correct answers, you have the opportunity to receive reference material selected for you on problematic places in Russian. This will free you from the need to look for the necessary material in numerous textbooks, reference books, and the Internet.

Instructions

The work consists of 2 parts. Part 1 contains tasks containing 4 answer options, of which only one is correct. Part 2 contains tasks to which you should give your own short answer.

Read each task carefully and the suggested answer options, if any. Answer only after you understand the question and have analyzed all the answer options.

Complete the tasks in the order in which they are given. If a task is difficult for you, skip it. You can return to missed tasks if you have time. Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the most points.

Start testing