ALT and AST - what they are, the norm and causes of elevated levels in the blood. What is transaminase, the norm by age in men and women. When and where is blood taken for transaminase analysis? Normal alt and ast values

Transaminase enzymes are localized inside cells. There are two types: aspartame aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Their levels in the blood increase when cells in the liver, heart, kidneys or muscles are damaged, so the test is performed when diagnosing viral hepatitis, cirrhosis or myocardial infarction. What is the normal level of ALT in the blood of women?

The value of transaminase levels in the blood

Transaminases are enzymes that have high metabolic activity in cells. Their increase reflects cell damage. The function of transaminases is to ensure the transfer of amino acids during metabolism and chemical processes within the cell. ALT predominates in liver cells, while AST is predominantly found in muscles, particularly the heart.

These enzymes are not formed elements of blood and do not perform any functions to be in it. However, there are such “accidents” when they flood the blood, in other words, their content in it indicates problems in certain organs. Transaminases can be released when various muscles are injured. The destruction of liver cells is also the reason why these enzymes are found in the blood plasma.

However, destruction of liver cells is not unusual. Like any other cells in our body, they are subject to natural turnover. Old liver cells are destroyed and release their contents into the blood. It is this natural turnover that determines the normal permissible value of the enzymes AST and ALT in human blood. An increase in these values ​​above the natural level of cell degradation indicates the presence of disorders. However, this is not enough for a final diagnosis, and for now it is just an alarm signal.

Of diagnostic importance is a specific quantitative measurement of ALT content, the ratio of transaminase levels to each other and comparison with other parameters. Thus, transaminase levels in the blood are associated with cell damage and play a major role in the diagnosis of liver disease, heart disease, or myopathy.

Blood test for ALT

In the blood of women, the norm of the ALT and AST enzymes is clearly defined. In order to study them in a specific situation, a biochemical blood test is performed. For this purpose, samples of venous blood taken from a vein in the elbow are used. Blood must be donated on an empty stomach, after at least eight hours of fasting.

Transaminase levels may vary between different analytical laboratories and also depend on the patient's gender, weight, body temperature and age.

As a rule, the ALT norm in a blood test for women under 60 years of age ranges from 7.0 to 35.0 U/L. With age, the level of enzymes in the blood gradually becomes lower. Thus, the upper limit of normal ALT in the blood of women after 50 years of age gradually reaches a value of 28.0 U/l and by old age varies from 5.0 to 24.0 U/l.

Before donating blood samples for testing, it should be taken into account that transaminase levels may increase when taking certain medications:

• anticonvulsants;
• oral contraceptives;
• antibiotics;
• antiepileptic drugs;
• statins;
• heparin.

Also, alcohol consumption, the toxic effects of cocaine or solvents lead to an increase in the concentration of enzymes. An increase in the level of ATL can occur in pregnant women as a result of gestosis in the later stages, and it decreases with a deficiency of vitamin B6.

What do deviations from the norm indicate?

During laboratory tests, which should clarify the condition of the liver, the levels of transaminases are examined in a mutual ratio. If the study reveals an increase in one of the two enzymes or their resultant, then this may with some probability mean liver damage. Moreover, the increase in level correlates with the degree of organ damage.

The ratio of AST and ALT is described by the de Ritis coefficient. In mild cases of liver cell damage it is less than 1, in severe cases it is more than 1. In extensive hepatocellular necrosis, for example as part of viral hepatitis, transaminase levels can increase significantly. A decrease in laboratory parameters in the further course of the disease may indicate either an improvement in the condition or incipient liver failure with extensive destruction of the liver cell parenchyma.

Due to the fact that ALT is contained in small amounts in the heart muscle, only an increase in AST can be expected with myocardial damage. This increase can be detected within the first four hours to 3-6 days after the onset of myocardial infarction. If an increase in ALT occurs after a heart attack, this may indicate liver damage due to failure of the right ventricle of the heart muscle or other types of concomitant diseases of this organ.

Other diagnostic indicators:

• ALT is higher than AST in hepatitis, as well as in cases of acute alcohol poisoning, right ventricular failure and liver congestion. This condition can be caused by certain medications and liver damage such as cholangitis or cholestasis.
• A 50-fold increase in ALT can occur with hepatitis forms A, E or acute mushroom poisoning.
• In the case of chronic hepatitis, the values ​​usually increase up to 25 times.

Pathological causes of elevated transaminases:

• overweight and obesity;
• hepatic ischemia;
• secondary liver damage due to autoimmune disease;
• hemochromatosis;
• Wilson's disease;
• liver tumor, cancer;
• alcoholism, cirrhosis, steatosis;
• myopathy;
• chronic pancreatitis;

When a person is sick, it is almost impossible to make a correct diagnosis and prescribe competent treatment without tests. Often it is not necessary to undergo all existing laboratory tests. Today, it is enough for a doctor to study the transcript of a biochemical blood test and the normal values ​​of ALT and AST in an adult or child in order to understand the full nature of the disease. One of the most important indicators in this analysis is the level of liver enzymes - ALT and AST. A change in the acceptable limits of these blood components may indicate serious illness.

What is AST

AST, in scientific circles, aspartate aminotransferase is a “builder” protein responsible for the synthesis of amino acids in the body. In addition, he is an active participant in all metabolic processes of the body.

AST is a component that has its own specifics. It is concentrated exclusively in tissues, and detection of it in serum is an alarming sign. The highest concentration of this enzyme is concentrated in cardiac, renal, and muscle tissues, some are located in nervous tissues. As soon as the analysis reveals the presence of this element in the biomaterial, it means that pathology begins where AST is contained most of all. Accordingly, its level in the blood begins to increase. Most often, diseases are associated with pathologies of the heart or liver. All changes in AST levels can only be detected by a biochemical blood test.

A few words about ALT

Together with the AST indicator, a biochemical blood test reveals the level of ALT, alanine transferase - an enzymatic protein synthesized in the human liver. The main percentage of ALT is found in the liver and kidneys, while cardiac tissues contain a small amount.

This enzyme is involved in the metabolism of amino acids. Thanks to this, overall immunity increases, the production of lymphocytes actively begins, and controls the production of sugar. Nature arranges it in such a way that this liver transaminase behaves more actively in the male body than in the female body.

If the level of ALT increases, then most likely we have a problem with the kidneys, liver, lungs or pancreas.

AST and ALT are indicators that are considered and interpreted in conjunction with each other.

Indications for analysis

It happens that to make a diagnosis, the attending physician only needs an analysis of ALT and AST. Biochemistry is prescribed in the following cases:

• pregnancy;
• with existing pathology of the heart and liver;
• control of prescribed therapy;
• suspected cardiac infarction;
• injury to the abdomen or chest;
• when taking potent medications that have a detrimental effect on the heart and liver. For example, in the treatment of HIV or major depression.

What can tests tell you?

AST test and ALT blood test are the most important tests. Any deviation from the norm is considered pathology. AST and ALT monitor the body's response to various stimuli.

From the liver it can be:

1. Liver damage from alcohol or excessive or long-term use of medications.
2. Liver cirrhosis, including alcoholic cirrhosis.
3. Hepatitis of any type

The level of ALAT in the blood can vary depending on the degree of physical stress on the body, the presence of burn areas, ischemic injuries, and any type of injury. Based on the results obtained, the doctor prescribes appropriate treatment.

Rules for collecting biomaterial

Absolutely any analysis requires careful preparation. This is the only way you can be sure of the reliability of the results obtained.

Since ALT and AST are the most important indicators of liver function, it is very important to adhere to a diet for at least a few days before donating biomaterial.

Don't eat salty, fatty, spicy foods. This can not only worsen your indicator, but also increase blood clotting significantly, which may not allow the examination to be carried out as required.

• The analysis is taken strictly on an empty stomach with a fasting pause of 8 hours or more.
• Avoid smoking for at least a few hours before giving your sample.
• Drink only plain water. Sugary drinks will blur the real picture.
• Alcohol is prohibited.
• Limit the consumption of eggs, cottage cheese, and any fermented milk products.
• Avoid physical fatigue on the eve of the test.
• Set yourself in a positive mood, calm down, and only then head to the treatment room.
• You should not analyze the level of AST and ALT if the day before you had an ultrasound, x-ray, visited a physiotherapist, or had fluorography.

Interpretation of analyzes

AST. Norm and deviations

In an ideal biochemistry test, the AST reading should be as low as possible. This means that no health problems have been identified to date. However, it is important to understand that norms for this study are a relative concept. They vary depending on age and gender.

Only high levels can be a sign of the disease. We are not talking about a low level of ASAT. Even if you see 0 units/l in the transcript, there is no need to worry. This is not considered a deviation or sign of a disease. The only thing that a decrease in ALT and AST in the blood can indicate is a lack of B vitamins. A decrease in levels is also typical during pregnancy, which is due to bearing a baby and hormonal changes.

Doctors divided the severity of the situation into three types:

• moderate, when the excess is 5 times;
• medium form - 10 times;
• severe form, in which the AST level is increased by 10 times or more.

The following pathologies are possible:

ALT norms

The norms of ALT, like AST, depend on the gender and age of the patient. The study in children is carried out taking into account age.

It is important to realize that all these norms are relative. Thus, the result may be increased when taking certain drugs, for example, aspirin, paracetamol or when using oral contraceptives. The same false result will be given to you by using valerian, echinacea, excessive physical activity due to non-compliance with the rules for submitting biomaterial.

Alanine aminotransferase, or ALT, and aspartate aminotransferase, or AST, are enzymes found in body cells that are involved in amino acid metabolism. They are located only in the cells of organ tissues, and enter the bloodstream only when the cell disintegrates due to traumatic injuries or pathologies.

Types of diseases

Excessive ALT content indicates the development of pathology of the organ in the cells of which its largest amount exists. The causes of increased alanine aminotransferase are liver pathologies. A feeling of discomfort and pain in the right hypochondrium, diarrhea, icteric discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, flatulence, and bitter belching are signs of an increase in ALT. When conducting a blood test, increased ALT and AST are accompanied by an increase in bilirubin levels when hepatitis develops. More often, an increase in ALT levels indicates the occurrence of other diseases. The concentration of ALT has a direct relationship with the severity of the pathology.

The necrotic process in the heart muscle causes the release of these enzymes into the blood. Their increased content in the serum also indicates the development of other cardiopathologies: failure, inflammation of the heart muscle. Additionally, the reasons for the increase in serum ALT concentration may be existing injuries in the body, which are associated with damage to muscle tissue, and pancreatitis.

If the ALT and AST blood test (interpretation) showed less than twice the normal values, it is necessary to organize observation and a 2-fold examination. This tactic is optimal for patients.

Blood test ALT and AST - interpretation for some diseases

A slight increase in transferases is indicative of fatty liver damage of the non-alcoholic type, including “fatty liver”, non-alcoholic steatohepatosis, and chronic viral hepatitis.

A moderate increase may exist in viral or alcoholic liver inflammation and various chronic liver diseases with or without cirrhotic damage.

Elevated levels are typical of severe acute hepatitis, toxic or drug necrosis, shock or hepatic ischemia.

Excessively high levels (more than 2000-3000 U/l) exist with an overdose of acetaminophen and when using the drug in alcohol-dependent patients, with shock and/or hepatic ischemia.

It should be noted that since ALT is found in red blood cells, it is necessary to prevent their breakdown when preparing serum for analysis. ALT may decrease when serum is stored for several days.

The role of medicines, herbs and other substances

A thorough history and interpretation of laboratory results are important to identify drug-induced increases in transferases. Similar liver damage is detected in 1-2% of cases of chronic liver inflammation. They are associated with the use of antibiotics, antiepileptic drugs, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and medications for the treatment of tuberculosis.

The easiest way to determine the dependence of an increase in aminotransferases with some drug is to cancel it and observe the level of enzymes. Without discontinuing the drug, this dependence cannot be determined.

All articles on the site are informational and not advisory in nature. Do not self-medicate, consult a doctor in a timely manner.

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Decoding AST norms AST in the blood of women, men, children

AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) are enzymes from the group of transaminases that are produced by the liver. To determine their level, a biochemical blood test or separate liver tests are performed, which reflect the functionality of the liver. Together with other biochemical indicators or individually, AST and ALT can indicate serious diseases of any organs and systems. Therefore, it is so important to know what the norm of these enzymes should be in women, men and children.

What do they mean

Transaminases are produced in the cells of various organs and transfer the amino acids alanine and aspartate from one biomolecule to another.

In the liver, the amount of enzymes reaches its maximum concentration. ALT and AST are also detected in the heart muscle, pancreas, kidneys and muscle tissue.

From the organs, only a small amount of enzymes enters the blood, but with various diseases their level and activity in the blood increases.

Norms

Normal liver test levels vary depending on gender and age.

• for women (over 18 years old) – 32;
• for men (over 18 years old) – 41;
• in newborns (first 3-4 days) – 48;
• 4-6 months – 55;
• 3 years – 32;
• 6 years – 28;
• 11 years – 38.

Liver enzymes in pregnant women change slightly depending on the duration of pregnancy. In the first trimester, indicators may differ from the norm by 5-10%, down or up. This is not a pathology and does not indicate any serious illness.

Fluctuations in the level of ALT and AST are due to the fact that for the proper development of the baby, a large amount of vitamin B6 is needed, which is involved in the production of transaminases. When there is not enough vitamin B6, the body begins to take it from the muscles and liver cells, so enzymes are released into the blood. To compensate for the increased load on the body during pregnancy, women are prescribed a special complex of vitamins.

If, after the first trimester, AST and ALT levels exceed the norm, the doctor may suspect gestosis and prescribe additional research to clarify the clinical situation.

During normal pregnancy in the second and third trimester, enzyme levels should be between 29 and 31 units per liter. Such indications confirm that a woman’s heart, liver and kidneys cope well with the increased load during pregnancy.

De Ritis coefficient

The normal de Ritis coefficient is 1.3. Its increase is characteristic of a heart attack, and its decrease is characteristic of liver disease.

Reasons for deviations

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

A slight increase in the activity of the ALT enzyme in the blood can occur due to the following factors:

• taking medications - oral contraceptives, antibiotics, NSAIDs (Aspirin, Nurofen, Diclofenac, Paracetamol and others), cytostatics, sedatives (valerian, motherwort), echinacea, drugs and so on;
• severe stress;
• drinking alcoholic beverages and/or eating fatty/fried foods 7 days before the test;
• intensive growth in adolescence;
• serious physical activity (typical for athletes);
• various injuries.

If the ALT level is increased in the biochemical blood test, you need to inform the doctor about all medications taken over the last 2-3 weeks, especially about drugs and their analogues such as Carbamazepine (an antiepileptic drug), Cordarone (an antiarrhythmic drug), Fluconazole and Nizoral (antifungal drugs), Ciprofloxacin (antibiotic), Atorvastatin and Simvastatin (cholesterol-lowering drugs), Metformin (diabetes drug). After taking any of these medications, the ALT level increases.

Increased ALT is the first sign of acute liver pathology. An increase in the enzyme is observed in the incubation phase (1-2 weeks before the onset of symptoms) and precedes the maximum increase in bilirubin in the blood by 8-10 days.

The acute period of the disease is accompanied by an increase in ALT levels by 5-10 times, while in indirect forms liver tests may remain normal. If the elevated enzyme level does not decrease for a long time or its increase is observed, extensive necrosis of the liver cells is likely.

Elevated ALT is typical for the following pathologies:

• obstructive jaundice due to cholelithiasis;
• acute hepatitis (with hepatitis C the rate increases 10 times);

Reasons for decreased ALT levels:

• oncological pathologies of various origins;
• genitourinary system infections;
• pancreatic diseases;
• severe liver pathologies (necrotic atrophy of the organ);
• lack of vitamin B6.

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

The enzyme often increases with injuries and burns, heat stroke, and mushroom poisoning.

High AST levels cause:

• hepatosis, hepatitis (drug-induced, viral);
• liver cancer;
• cholestasis (stagnation of bile);
• mononucleosis;
• cirrhosis and developing necrosis of liver cells;
• autoimmune diseases that involve muscle damage, for example, Duchenne muscular dystrophy;
• alcohol toxic liver damage.

The AST indicator is of great importance in diagnosing myocardial infarction and making a prognosis of the disease. The level of the enzyme increases as much as possible (exceeds the norm by 4-5 times) when cardiac necrosis occurs. If the indicator does not decrease or increases in the 5 days following the heart attack, the prognosis for the patient is very unfavorable. Increased AST activity indicates widespread areas of necrosis.

An AST reading that is too low indicates extensive liver damage or a deficiency of vitamin B6, which also takes part in enzyme reactions.

When should you get tested for ALT and AST?

Basically, when liver disease occurs, the patient experiences cytolysis, in which the cells of the organ (hepatocytes) are destroyed.

The first signs of cytolysis:

• nausea and vomiting;
• bitter taste in the mouth;
• weight loss;
• heaviness on the right side, pain in the right hypochondrium;
• yellowness of the skin;
• fatigue, weakness, lethargy;
• increase in body temperature.

Blood analysis

A biochemical blood test, AST and ALT, is prescribed for:

• taking medications that can adversely affect the liver;
• alcohol abuse;
• hereditary predisposition to the development of liver pathologies;
• after hepatitis (or suspected hepatitis);
• presence of diabetes mellitus and excess body weight;
• suspected liver dysfunction if the patient complains of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, lack of appetite, flatulence, change in the color of feces, yellowing of the whites of the eyes and skin;
• during therapy to determine the effectiveness of treatment.

The result of the ALT and AST analysis is compared with other indicators to determine a more accurate form of pathology.

In addition to aspartate and alanine, they also determine:

• Total protein in the blood. An increase in protein concentration indicates dehydration of the body and the development of chronic inflammatory processes.
• Urea concentration.
• Albumin concentration. An increase in the indicator indicates dehydration and liver failure.
• Creatinine concentration. Increased levels indicate renal dysfunction, bladder rupture, and urethral obstruction.
• ALP (alkaline phosphatase). An increase in value confirms hyperthyroidism, liver damage, biliary tract diseases, intestinal damage, Itsenko-Cushing's disease, generalized tissue damage (including neoplasms) and the presence of barbiturates in the body.
• GGT (gamma glutamyl transferase). An increase in values ​​indicates liver necrosis and hepatocellular inflammatory processes.

Also, to make an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to control the level of bilirubin, iron (to exclude hemochromatosis), cholesterol, prothrombin time, and determine antibodies to hepatitis viruses (C, D, B).

Preparation for analysis

To reliably determine enzyme levels before taking tests, you must:

How to downgrade

To reduce the level of ALT and AST, the doctor prescribes medications for the disease that has caused an increase in enzyme levels in the blood. Treatment with hepatoprotectors will help protect the liver from the effects of various aggressive factors.

These medications have a positive effect on the liver:

• protect cells from further damage, improve their nutrition;
• promote cell restoration;
• partially remove toxins from the body;
• speed up metabolism.

Hepatoprotectors differ in their mechanism of action:

• Essential phospholipids (Essentiale forte, Rezalut Pro, Phosphogliv, Phospholip, Livolin, Essliver forte), which are produced from soybeans. Effective hepatoprotectors of plant origin that help reduce liver enzymes. They are similar to human liver cells and therefore naturally integrate into diseased areas and help restore them. Plant phospholipids have virtually no side effects. Very rarely they cause an allergic reaction due to individual intolerance or loose stools.
• Plant flavonoids (Karsil, Silimar, Gepabene, Galstena, Legalon, Hepatofalk Planta). Natural compounds, natural antioxidants, the action of which is aimed at neutralizing free radicals. The composition of the preparations includes medicinal plants: fumaria officinalis, celandine, turmeric, milk thistle. The drugs not only have a hepatoprotective effect, but also eliminate spasm of the gallbladder, improve the outflow of bile and its production. Therefore, they are prescribed for hepatitis accompanied by cholecystitis and biliary dyskinesia.
• Amino acid derivatives (Heptor, Heptral, Hepasol A, Hepa-Merz, Hepasol-Neo, Hepasteril, Remaxol). They consist of protein components and other substances necessary for metabolism. They have a detoxifying effect, normalize metabolic processes and strengthen the body. They are prescribed for liver failure and severe intoxication. However, these medications often cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort.
• Ursodeoxycholic acid preparations (Ursodez, Ursodex, Urdoxa, Ursosan, Urso 100, Ursofalk, Choludexan and others). The medicine contains bile from the Himalayan bear, which improves the solubility and removal of bile from the body, leads to a reduction in damage and subsequent death of liver cells in various diseases, and has an immunomodulatory effect. Drugs that lower enzymes are prescribed for gallstone disease, biliary cirrhosis, fatty hepatosis, and alcohol intoxication.
• Vitamins (Vitrum, Supradin, Undevit and others). The drugs are effective in restoring liver function, but only in combination with other medications.

In addition to medications, dietary supplements (Ovesol, Gepatrin, Milona-10, Dipana, LIV-52, Sibektan, Gepagard, Gepafor) and some homeopathic remedies (Hepel, Sirepar) have a hepatoprotective effect.

Diet

To reduce ALT and AST levels, it is important to follow a diet.

The following should be completely excluded from the diet:

• alcoholic and carbonated drinks;
• smoked and pickled products;
• flavorings;
• fatty meat and fish broths;
• fried foods;
• grains and legumes;
• mushrooms;
• egg yolks;
• baked goods;
• lard, fatty pork, lamb;
• coffee;
• chocolate.

• soups with light vegetable broth;
• low-fat fermented milk products;
• porridge (boil until viscous);
• natural juices without sugar;
• rosehip decoction;
• black tea with lemon;
• dietary meats (rabbit, beef, turkey, chicken);
• biscuits;
• jelly;
• stale bread;
• fruits (apples, oranges);
• green leafy vegetables, broccoli, zucchini, carrots;
• nuts;
• cod liver, caviar.

You need to eat at least 5 times a day in small portions, you should also limit your daily salt intake to 8 grams per day and drink at least 2 liters of water.

How to increase

• Diagnose and treat the disease that caused the deviation.
• Take hepatoprotectors.
• Vitamin therapy is prescribed if the cause of a decrease in AST and ALT levels is a deficiency of vitamin B6.
• Stick to a healthy diet.

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ALT and AST are normal in women

Blood contains a huge number of different substances and elements. Most often we hear about red blood cells, leukocytes, and platelets. They are taught about them in anatomy lessons. In fact, in the school course something is mentioned about ALT and AST, as well as their norm in women. But, as a rule, this information safely falls on deaf ears and is forgotten.

Normal levels of ALT and AST in the blood of women

These substances belong to the group of enzymes. AST - aspartate aminotransferase - a blood component that promotes the movement of the amino acid aspartate from one biomolecule to another. ALT - alanine aminotranserase is an enzyme that performs a similar function by transporting alanine. Both substances are produced intracellularly and enter the blood in small quantities.

According to standards, ALT in women’s blood should be no more than 30–32 units per liter. And the amount of AST can vary from 20 to 40 units. If the indicators deviate from the normal value up or down, it means that changes are occurring in the body. And to make sure that they do not pose a danger, it is advisable to seek the advice of a specialist.

What do deviations of AST and ALT from the norm in a biochemical blood test mean?

The amount of enzymes may change slightly in the body of a healthy person. This can be affected by:

• excessive physical activity;
• long-term use of potent medications (antibiotics, barbiturates, narcotic drugs, sedatives, hormonal contraceptives);
• injuries;
• surgery undergone shortly before the examination.

Very often, ALT exceeds the norm in pregnant women. This phenomenon is not considered a deviation, and it does not signal illness.

The main reason is changes in hormonal levels. Usually, the enzyme levels return to normal very quickly.

A deviation that differs tens or even hundreds of times from the normal value is considered critical. The following factors contribute to exceeding the norm of ALT and AST:

1. The level of alanine aminotransferase increases noticeably in hepatitis. Sometimes, thanks to an analysis of ALT and AST, type A disease is determined a week before its first signs appear.
2. Liver cirrhosis is a very secretive disease. For a long time, its symptoms may go unnoticed. And the rapid fatigue characteristic of the disease is written off as another bad day. If the feeling of fatigue torments you with unenviable consistency, it is very advisable to take a blood test. Your alanine aminotransferase level will indicate whether there is cause for concern.
3. Exceeding the norm of ALT and AST in the analysis may indicate myocardial infarction. The disease develops against the background of circulatory disorders and is characterized by the death of heart tissue.
4. Mononucleosis can also be determined by the number of enzymes. This is an illness of infectious origin, in which not only the composition of the blood changes, but also deformations of the liver and spleen are observed.
5. An increase in the amount of ALT and AST can also signal steatosis, a disease in which fat cells accumulate in large quantities in the liver.

In order for the tests to show a reliable picture, you should not consume heavy food or alcohol before taking them. If you are taking any medications, you must inform your doctor about this.

ALT and AST are below normal

Specialists have to deal with a sharp decrease in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotranserase much less often. The problem occurs most often when:

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AST and ALT: transaminase norms in women and men before and after 50 years

A blood biochemistry test allows you to judge the condition of important organs and systems of the body. This research method shows the presence of diseases of the liver, kidneys, heart, vascular and endocrine systems in both men and women.

During the activity of a particular organ, various substances are formed. Blood is present in all tissues of the body, so its composition allows you to accurately determine the presence and level of these substances.

What are AST and ALT

AST (AST, Asat, aspartate aminotransferase) is an enzyme that is found in the blood and is involved in the transfer of amino acids from one molecule to another. The reaction can occur if there is a coenzyme, in this case it is pyridoxine (vitamin B6). It is most active in the liver, heart, kidneys, and in the cells of muscle and nervous tissue.

ALT (ALT, Alat, alanine aminotransferase) is an enzyme that is also involved in the process of amino acid metabolism. In addition to the heart, liver, kidneys, muscle, nervous tissue, it is located in the pancreas.

Diagnosis of diseases

Blood biochemistry is widely used to clarify the diagnosis of various diseases; it is prescribed first. Correct interpretation of a biochemical blood test for AST and ALT norms in adult men and women helps to identify the presence of the disease at an early stage.

Biochemical analysis determines:

• Blood sugar - this indicator is the main one in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. The normal glucose value is from 3.8 to 5.5 µmol/l;
• Total bilirubin increases with hepatitis of various etiologies, liver cirrhosis, various anemias with increased breakdown of red blood cells, due to impaired outflow of bile during cholelithiasis. Normal – 3.4-17 µmol/l;
• AST, ALT - most of these enzymes are located in the liver, so in a healthy state of the body the concentration in the blood is low;
• Cholesterol is a blood lipid that enters the body with food and is produced in small quantities by the liver. The norm of ASAT and ALaT is 3.2-5.6 µmol/l;
• Total protein – a decrease in protein in the blood occurs with some kidney and liver diseases. Norm – g/l;
• Albumin is the main protein of the body, increases with dehydration, and decreases with problems with the liver, intestines, and kidneys. Norm – g/l;
• Urea, creatinine, uric acid are the end products of protein metabolism and are completely excreted by the kidneys, so their increase indicates diseases of the genitourinary system;
• Potassium, sodium, chlorine are blood electrolytes that maintain water-salt balance;
• CRP (C-reactive protein) is a blood element that reacts faster than other indicators to inflammation and tissue damage. The higher the protein, the more severe the inflammation. Norm – up to 5 mg/l;
• Iron – found in the blood serum, is involved in the transport of oxygen. This indicator changes in diseases of the hematopoietic organs. The norm for women is 8.9-30.4 mmol/l, for men – 11.6-30.4 µmol/l.

The research indicators are quite reliable and are used in various fields of medicine: therapy, surgery, urology, cardiology, gynecology and others.

Preparing for blood collection

No special preparation is required to perform the analysis. However, to make the result more reliable, it is necessary to follow some rules:

• The study is done on an empty stomach, with the last meal no later than 12 hours;
• Eliminate alcohol for a week;
• Smoking – one hour before the procedure;
• Avoid heavy physical activity and stress the day before.
• If the patient is taking hormones or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, inform the doctor.

Normal blood transaminases

Transaminase levels in men

Men have higher enzymes than women. This is because men are more resilient and have more muscle mass.

Normal levels of ALT and AST in the blood of men:

Men more often violate a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, and try to overcome stress and nervous shock with the help of bad habits; as a result, they are more often at risk of various diseases.

Normal ALT, AST in the blood of women and men after 50 years

As you age, changes in the body's tissues can occur. In this regard, enzyme levels in the blood increase. Risk factors for increased aminotransferases in the body after 50 years are:

• Heredity;
• Previous hepatitis or contact with a sick person;
• Virus carriers of various forms of hepatitis;
• Alcohol consumption;

• Taking strong drugs;
• Diabetes;
• Having excess weight.

AST and ALT values ​​during pregnancy

Enzyme indicators are measured in conventional units; some clinics use other units of measurement; when deciphering, one should take into account how the results are translated into other measurement systems.

The accuracy of a blood test for transamnase norms in pregnant women depends on the equipment on which it was performed, so only a specialist can judge the significance of the result.

The norm of AST and ALT in women during pregnancy may differ from the usual level of enzymes in the blood and vary depending on the period. The reason is altered hormonal levels. In the first and last trimester, the concentration of enzymes in the blood increases. The excess may be several times. The presence of a serious disease is indicated by an increase in aminotransferases tenfold.

Table of normal enzyme values ​​for women in the 1st and 2nd half of pregnancy:

In the later stages, even a slight increase in transaminases indicates toxicosis (preeclampsia).

Enzyme indicators in children

The norms of AST and ALT in the blood for children of different ages are different:

• In the first days of life – up to 48 units/l;
• Up to 6 months – 56 units/l;
• From 6 to 12 months – 54 units/l;
• From 1 year to 3 years – 33 units/l;
• From 3 to 6 years – 29 units/l;
• 6-12 years – no more than 39 units/l.

After 12 years, the values ​​of children's indicators begin to be equal to adult values.

Reasons for deviations from the norm

The largest amount of transaminases is found in the liver. If there are problems in this organ, aminotransferases (transaminases) help identify damage and lesions from toxins or medications even before signs of jaundice appear.

If the number of enzymes is greatly increased, a comparison of ALT to AST can be made:

• The normal value of the coefficient is 0.91-1.75;
• If the indicator increases by more than 2, damage to the heart muscle is detected, myocardial infarction is possible;
• A decrease in the coefficient below 1 indicates liver disease; the lower the value, the greater the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome.

If men or women complain of weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, analysis is not done to exclude hepatitis.

In addition to hepatitis of various forms, the rate increases due to diseases such as cirrhosis, oncology and liver damage due to poisoning with toxic substances. You will learn more about elevated enzyme levels and treatment methods in a separate article.

The level of transaminases increases with:

• Pancreatitis;
• Cardiovascular failure;

• Burns over large areas of the body;
• Tissue necrosis;
• Shock states.

This laboratory method not only allows you to accurately establish a diagnosis, but is also used during treatment, as it allows you to monitor the dynamics of the disease, improvement or deterioration of the patient’s condition.

Blood transaminase levels may also increase in the following cases:

• With factors causing liver destruction (alcohol consumption, potent drugs);
• In contact with a patient with hepatitis;
• The presence of a hereditary predisposition;
• Diabetes;
• Excess weight.

A decrease in the concentration of enzymes in the blood is observed when the cause of the disease is eliminated within a day. For heart and liver diseases, after a course of treatment and procedures, the blood test is repeated. With effective treatment, transaminases should return to normal.

Sometimes the drugs Duphalac, Heptral, Hefitol are used to reduce liver tests. But these remedies have contraindications, they must be taken into account, and in addition, they do not eliminate the cause of the disease. Pregnant women should be especially careful when using medications.

Copyright © Before using the treatment methods described on the site, be sure to consult a specialist.

Normal ALT and AST levels in the blood

The norms of ALT and AST in the blood of women have clear boundaries.

These indicators are determined during a biochemical blood test to diagnose various diseases and mean different levels of enzymes in the blood plasma.

Normal ALT and AST in women

In women, ALT levels are considered good if the concentration of these enzymes does not exceed 31 U/l.

The normal level of ALT in women's blood is a value ranging from 20 to 40 units.

The norm of AST in women is ME.

The presence of deviations in indicators to a smaller or larger direction is evidence that certain changes are occurring in the body. If the indicators are increased by 2-5 times, then the increase is considered moderate. An increase of 6-10 times indicates an average increase in results.

If the indicators are 10 times or more above the norm, then this is a high increase. As a rule, to find out the causes and correct the results, an individual consultation with a specialist is required with the appointment of additional examinations.

Meaning of the terms ALT and AST

These are types of enzymes from the group of transferases, which are widely used in medical practice to detect the level of damage to internal organs.

Normally, only a small portion of these enzymes enters the blood. In the presence of certain pathologies, these enzymes are determined in the blood to a lesser or greater extent than normal, which is determined by laboratory methods.

The level of ALT in a woman’s blood allows us to determine the presence and extent of liver damage. The AST level allows you to assess, in addition to the condition of the liver, the degree of damage to the heart muscle.

Reasons for increased enzyme levels

Depending on the age of the woman, certain disorders in the body tissues may occur. This subsequently leads to elevated levels of ALT and AST.

Only a specialist can determine the reason for the increase, based on research.

Isolated increase in ALT

The main reason for increased ALT in women is the presence of liver diseases - hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer. Also causes at any age are diseases of the pancreas, heart disease, diseases of the skeletal muscles and muscles, hypothyroidism. An important role in the list of causes also belongs to injuries to the body, shock conditions and the presence of burns.

Isolated increase in AST

The most common reason for detecting elevated AST levels is the presence of cardiac pathologies in a woman, which increase as she gets older.

When myocardial infarction occurs, AST usually increases tenfold. Also, the presence of diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer, bile duct obstruction, and acute pancreatitis influences the increase in results.

Reasons for the simultaneous increase in enzyme levels

Simultaneous determination of the level of ALT and AST in a woman’s blood is considered a more informative and reliable result, showing the level of damage to internal organs.

In medical practice, there is the de Ritis coefficient, which denotes the ALT/AST ratio. Normally, this coefficient is 1.3. In case of heart diseases, the coefficient is higher than normal, and in case of liver pathology - lower.

After an attack of myocardial infarction, ALT and AST increase simultaneously, but AST increases by about 10 times, and ALT by about 2 times.

A simultaneous increase in these indicators can occur in the absence of external signs - this indicates that hepatitis occurs externally without symptoms, but there are active internal processes of liver destruction.

In some cases, a slight increase in results may occur in healthy women as a result of stress, physical strain and taking certain medications.

Signs that require mandatory testing:

• Presence of weakness.
• Feeling of prolonged loss of appetite.
• Presence of nausea and vomiting.
• Pain in the abdominal area.
• Yellow tint to skin and eyes.
• Darkening of the color of urine.
• Having light-colored stools.
• Feeling of skin itching.

Factors predisposing to an increase in ALT and AST signs after 40 and 50 years:

1. Previous hepatitis or contact with a patient with any form of hepatitis;
2. Alcohol abuse;
3. Hereditary predisposition to liver and heart diseases;
4. Taking medications that may adversely affect the liver;
5. Having diabetes or other chronic diseases;
6. Having excess weight.

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Research as a criterion for diagnosing diseases

A biochemical blood test, including these indicators, is prescribed if the following pathologies are suspected:

• Any diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
• Any liver pathology.
• Kidney failure.
• Various infections.
• Any autoimmune diseases.
• Cholelithiasis.
• Pancreatitis - chronic and acute.
• Pathologies of the endocrine system.
• Skin diseases accompanied by itching.
• Malignant tumors of any location.
• Poisoning of the body.
• Encephalopathy of unknown origin.

In case of unfavorable results of ALT and AST, the pregnant woman is prescribed an additional series of examinations.

Treatment of diseases depending on the results of the analysis

The results of tests for ALT and AST are necessary for treatment and monitoring of health during and after prescribed therapy.

ALT and AST indicators are used in preparation for any types of surgical interventions in order to identify contraindications and possible complications.

It is also of no small importance when taking medications for a long time that affect internal organs - broad-spectrum antibiotics, hormonal agents, chemotherapy drugs.

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Rules for taking the analysis

The analysis is carried out in any public clinic and private laboratory.

In order to obtain reliable test results for ALT and AST, a woman must adhere to the following rules:

• Do not eat food 8-12 hours before the test.
• Avoid any physical activity or overexertion 30 minutes before the test.
• Eliminate psychological stress 30 minutes before the test.
• Stop smoking 30 minutes before the test.
• Avoid drinking alcohol and fried foods the day before the test.
• Warn the specialist about the medications you are taking.

Folk remedies for normalizing enzyme levels in the blood

The indicators of ALT and AST in the body of each woman indicate the presence of her actual health. The norm is considered to be ALT - 32 units per liter, AST - from 20 to 40 units per liter, any deviation from the norm in one direction or another is considered a reason for additional examinations to identify the presence of diseases of the internal organs. I would also like to note that for women during pregnancy there are their own values ​​of ALT and AST.

Most women, before embarking on rational traditional treatment, usually use folk remedies. It turns out that this is not only possible, but even supported by the attending physicians.

There are a great many recipes for reducing inflated indicators; the most effective ones are given below.

1. Milk thistle seed drink. Crushed seeds in the amount of 1 teaspoon are poured with 200 milliliters of boiling water. The container with the contents is tightly sealed and allowed to brew for 20 minutes at room temperature. Then the infusion is filtered and taken orally 2 times a day, 1 glass half an hour before the main meal. It should be remembered that you cannot drink the decoction in one gulp. The course of treatment lasts 21 calendar days.
2. Herbal tea. To prepare it, you need to have St. John's wort, immortelle and celandine in the ratio 2:2:1 (tablespoons). Grind the herb, put it in a container that can be tightly sealed, pour a liter of boiling water and put it in a dark place for 12 hours to infuse. After the time has elapsed, the infusion is boiled for 10 minutes and then cooled at room temperature. Next, the broth should be filtered and taken orally, 100 milliliters after meals 4 times a day. The course of treatment lasts 2 weeks.
3. Dandelion root infusion. Pour 200 grams of crushed root with 100 milliliters of vodka and add 30 milliliters of glycerin. Seal the container with the contents tightly and place in a cool, dark place for 24 hours. Then strain the infusion and take 2 tablespoons orally before the main meal 3 times a day. The duration of the course of treatment should be discussed with the doctor.
4. Collect hairs from ripe ears of corn. Dry them naturally and grind them. Next, prepare a drink from 1 teaspoon of chopped dry hairs and 200 milliliters of boiling water. After pouring, it should be kept for ¼ hour, then strained and taken orally, 1 glass 2 times a day. The course of treatment can last up to six months.

The general opinion of those who took these drugs

Before starting treatment with traditional methods, many patients are interested in reviews from those people who have already tried these recipes on themselves.

So, above are the most effective folk recipes for reducing AST and ALT. Therefore, there are a great many reviews about them, but putting them all together, we get the following picture:

• after taking milk thistle, the indicators were significantly reduced by the second biochemical blood test;
• corn hairs have the necessary effect, but it is not possible to sharply reduce the indicators;
• dandelion root infusion is very effective, but it should not be taken if you drive a vehicle, since it contains alcohol;
• herbal tea helps to cope with the situation and after two weeks of daily use you feel much better, especially since it helps strengthen the immune system, but the main inconvenience is its use 4 times, you have to take it with you in a thermos to work so as not to miss a dose .

Each patient should remember that his body is individual and even with a million positive reviews, treatment may not be suitable. For example, when taking milk thistle in the first two days, a sensation of pain in the liver area may appear - this is the norm, but if this feeling does not leave the person during subsequent treatment, then this fact indicates individual intolerance.

Therefore, when starting any treatment, you should strictly monitor your body’s reaction and if you have any questions, you should definitely consult with your doctor. Because the patient needs to get rid of the disease, and not aggravate the situation.

Possible consequences of elevated enzyme levels if left untreated

Sometimes, women think that they can start treating the disease later, because nothing extraordinary will happen in one or two days, but today there is absolutely no time to go to the doctor and prescribe medications. Of course, if the indicators are not very high, then one day will not make a difference, but when the start of rehabilitation begins to be delayed for a month or more, then there is nothing good to expect. The thing is that while a person delays his visit to the doctor, the disease does not sleep, but conquers a new large territory.

And before you give up on elevated ALT and AST levels, you need to know very well how this can turn out if left untreated:

• cirrhosis of the liver;
• hepatitis;
• myocardial infarction;
• stagnation of bile and, as a result, intoxication of the body;
• liver oncology;
• hepatosis.

Each of the above diseases, in the absence of measures taken to eliminate it, can cause death. But in cases where its development is determined in the early stages, you can get rid of the disease without dire consequences.

Prevention of hypertension in women

It is better to prevent any disease than to engage in long-term treatment, which is why the concept of preventive measures exists.

To ensure that ALT and AST levels in the blood of women do not skyrocket, you should first reconsider your entire life algorithm.

1. Give up bad habits. Alcohol and smoking do not benefit anyone, and the female body is more prone to addiction.
2. Watch your diet. Avoid fried, salty, spicy and smoked foods. Enrich your diet with raw vegetables and fruits. Get into the habit of having breakfast in the morning not with sandwiches with coffee, but with porridge with tea or jelly.
3. Avoid unnecessary stress. In cases where fate nevertheless presented an unpleasant surprise, then perhaps you should take a course of sedatives rather than drive yourself into a trap.
4. Make it a basic rule to be in the fresh air at least 2 hours a day. If it doesn’t work out during the daytime, then it should be evening walks.
5. Create a daily routine and stick to it. Only the correct alternation of work and rest of the body will allow a woman to preserve it.
6. Have a permanent sexual partner. Promiscuity in intimate relationships can be a provocateur for the development of various kinds of diseases and, as a consequence, an increase in ALT and AST levels.
7. Periodically donate blood for analysis and monitor your ALT and AST levels (at least once every six months), especially after reaching 35 years of age.

All these simple rules, if followed, will allow a woman to maintain her own health, which means that ALT and AST levels will remain within acceptable values.

During a preventive examination, monitoring chronic patients or diagnosing the causes of certain disorders, patients are often prescribed a blood biochemistry test. The content of ALT and AST, the norm of which indicates the absence of severe pathologies of internal organs, is a valuable diagnostic criterion.

What it is

Alanine and aspartate aminotransferase are enzymes that are present in the cells of visceral organs and blood plasma. They take an active part in the metabolism of individual amino acids (alanine and aspartic acid). An increase or decrease in ALT and AST in the blood indicates the destruction of functional cells due to a necrotic, cancer or inflammatory process.

Alanine transferase is found primarily in hepatocytes (liver cells) and myocardiocytes (heart cells), but is also present in the kidneys, skeletal muscles, and pancreas. Its main function is the transfer of the amino group of alanine acid to ketoglutaric acid with the further formation of pyruvic and glutamic acids, which play an important role in the biochemical reactions of the body.

Aspartic transferase is found in hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, muscle and kidney tissues, etc. Its function is the formation of aspartate and ketoglutarate by transferring an amino acid group. The metabolism of these acids is necessary for the implementation of the urea cycle and endogenous glucose formation.

Aspartic transferase is present in the same tissues as the first enzyme, but due to a different functional purpose, it is found in them in different concentrations. This means that not only the nature of deviations from the norm, but also the relationship between AST and ALT helps to make a correct diagnosis for disorders in biochemistry.

Analysis for AST and ALT is mandatory when checking liver function (liver tests), studying the causes of dyspepsia, diagnosing the condition of the myocardium, muscle fibers and other internal organs.

Norms and deviations

The levels of ALT and AST in the blood differ depending on gender and age. A change in the normal concentration of enzymes is observed with heavy sports loads and pregnancy.

Due to the large number of influencing factors, a slight deviation upward or downward from the norm is not a pathology.

In adults

In patients over 18 years of age, AST and ALT are normally:

1. Alanine aminotransferase: up to 31 U/l in adult women outside the period of pregnancy, up to 32 U/l in pregnant women, up to 45 U/l in men.
2. Aspartate aminotransferase: up to 31 U/L in non-pregnant women, up to 30 U/L in expectant mothers, up to 47 U/L in men.

Reference values ​​depend on the sensitivity of laboratory equipment. The normal level of AST and ALT in the blood is given in the analysis form next to the patient’s results column.

A valuable diagnostic indicator is the ratio of ALT to AST: normally it is 0.77. More common is the Ritis coefficient, which is the inverse ratio (AST to ALT): its value ranges from 0.88 to 1.72 (1.3 with possible deviations of no more than 0.42).
In other words, it is ideal if AST is 1.5 times higher than ALT.

In children

The norm of ALT and AST in the blood of children is determined primarily by their age, and not by gender.

In adolescents over 15 years of age, the aminotransferase level gradually comes into line with adult levels.

Causes and symptoms of increase

The cause of abnormal concentrations of alanine and asparagine aminotransferases is pathological processes in internal organs that occur with massive decay of functional cells. The size of the excess enzyme content indicates the nature of the disease and the location of the lesion.

Minor deviations in the blood test for ALT and AST are allowed only if other blood parameters are normal: urea (2.8-7.2), bilirubin (3.4-17.1), alkaline phosphatase (up to 38 in women, up to 55 in men) and albumin (32-52). They are measured in mmol/l, µmol/l, units/l and g/l respectively.

Only AST is elevated

An isolated increase in AST blood test is observed in the following conditions:

• acute myocardial infarction (increase in enzyme concentration);
• myocarditis;
• high severity angina pectoris;
• acute heart failure;
• rehabilitation after cardiac surgery;
• recent angiocardiography;
• pulmonary artery thrombosis;
• acute rheumatic carditis;
• cardiomyopathy of various etiologies.

A change in the biochemical indicator may be accompanied by shortness of breath, chest pain, cyanosis of the lips and other symptoms characteristic of heart pathologies.

In addition, an increase in AST with normal ALT levels may indicate the destruction of muscle mass. The reason for this may be the problem of protein absorption, difficulty obtaining energy. As a result, muscles are destroyed as a source of energy.

Only ALT is elevated

A pathological blood test for ALT is observed in diseases such as:

• acute and chronic viral hepatitis;
• alcoholic and toxic damage to hepatocytes, incl. medications (sulfonamides, antibiotics, NSAIDs, psychotropic drugs, cytostatics, etc.);
• oncological processes in the liver;
• fatty hepatosis;
• pancreatitis;
• infectious mononucleosis complicated by damage to the spleen and liver;
• burns;
• shock, etc.

An isolated increase in alanine aminotransferase concentration is observed in rare cases. Most often, with lesions of the liver and other areas with high concentrations of the enzyme, an increase in the content of both transferases is observed with a sharp decrease in the Ritis coefficient.

An increase in ALT may be accompanied by pain in the right and left hypochondrium, a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, darkening of the urine, loss of strength, weakness and dyspeptic symptoms (diarrhea, flatulence, appetite disturbances). In the early stages of hepatitis, which occurs without jaundice, a change in the concentration of alanine enzyme may be the only sign of the disease.

Joint promotion

A simultaneous increase in ALT and AST levels is typical for the following conditions:

• gestosis in pregnant women;
• extensive injuries and inflammatory processes in muscle tissue;
• active participation in heavy sports;
• diseases of the kidneys, liver and heart.

An increase in transaminase concentrations can be observed in children and adolescents during periods of active growth.

How to prepare and donate blood

The concentration of liver enzymes can be affected by physical activity, food intake, taking medications and other toxic substances (ethanol, nicotine, etc.). To obtain the most reliable result, you should follow the preparation rules that exclude the influence of these factors.

You need to know how to correctly take blood tests for AST and ALT:

• for 8 hours before collecting biomaterial (blood from a vein), use only still water and exclude food;
• 2-3 days before the examination, reduce the intensity of sports activities, eliminate strength exercises and avoid stress;
• 3 days before taking blood, avoid fatty foods, smoked meats, industrially processed meat, fast food and other unhealthy foods;
• refrain from smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages during the week before the test;
• 8-9 days in advance, stop taking dietary supplements and medications (antibiotics, NSAIDs, etc.), if therapy suggests the possibility of a break.

Before collecting biomaterial, you should inform your doctor about medications taken for a long course.

To prevent hidden diseases, a biochemical blood test must be taken annually during a preventive examination.

How to reduce indicators

Depending on the reasons for the increase in ALT and AST in blood tests, the patient may be recommended a diet, correction of the daily routine (excluding heavy physical activity and bad habits), drug treatment and folk remedies.

A diet with increased concentrations of liver enzymes suggests:

• refusal of alcoholic and carbonated drinks, fatty meats, sausages, smoked meats, spicy and fried foods, marinades;
• limiting salt intake;
• active consumption of plant foods, lean meats and fish, and dairy products.

In the treatment of pathologies that cause an increase in the content of enzymes in the blood, the following drugs are used:

• antispasmodics (Drotaverine, No-shpa, Spazmalgon);
• hepatoprotectors (Heptral, Phosphogliv, Karsil);
• enzymatic agents (Creon, Pancreatin, Mezim);
• glucocorticosteroids (Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone);
• antivirals (Entecavir, Telaprevir, Sofosbuvir);
• interferons (Viferon, Pegasis);
• anticoagulants (sodium heparin);
• antianginal and antihypertensive drugs (Amlodipine, Timolol, Nitroglycerin);
• vitamin complexes (vitamins B, C and E).

For liver pathologies, decoctions of burdock, immortelle and St. John's wort roots, as well as milk thistle seeds, are used. If the cause of the increase in transferases is heart disease, the patient is recommended to take an infusion of adonis.

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