What is iodine made from? Processing of natural iodine accumulators. Alcohol solution of iodine: instructions and use Pharmaceutical iodine

Latin name: Iodum
ATX code: D08AG03
Active substance: Iodine
Manufacturer: Yaroslavl pharmaceutical factory,
PFC update and others, Russia
Conditions for dispensing from a pharmacy: Over the counter

Physical properties of iodine: a solid substance, the crystals (plates) of which have a black-gray color with a purple tint and a specific odor. Iodine is obtained in a liquid state by heating under pressure. Scientists have determined what the melting point is - 113.5 °C.

Crystalline iodine and its alcohol solution have a bactericidal effect, reduce the risk of rotting and hardening of the skin when drying (cauterizing and tanning properties), anti-inflammatory and local irritant effects.

What is the iodine needed by the body made from?

The following methods exist:

— Processing of seaweed (kelp)

— Extraction from natural solutions containing iodine (sea waters, salt lakes)

— Ionite method

— Obtaining iodine (technical) for the needs of the national economy from waste from saltpeter production.

Indications for use

An alcohol solution of iodine is recommended as an antiseptic - treatment of the skin around the wound, the surgeon's hands or the area of ​​the body within which surgery is performed, and an anti-inflammatory substance. The product can be used for the following indications:

Diseases of the nasal mucosa (ozena)

Third period of syphilis (tertiary)

Chronic disease of the blood vessels, accompanied by the deposition of cholesterol plaques

Accumulation of cellular elements mixed with blood and lymph in the inflammatory area of ​​the skin (inflammatory infiltrate)

Laryngeal atrophy

Chronic lead or mercury toxemia.

Composition of the drug

One milliliter of a five percent alcohol solution contains 50 mg of iodine, as well as additional substances: 96 percent ethyl alcohol, potassium iodide and distilled water.

Medicinal properties

Iodine is necessary to maintain the normal physiological state of the thyroid gland. Entering the body along with nutritious foods, it becomes part of the hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine. It has a hypolipidemic effect - it reduces the concentration of lipids, which has a beneficial effect on protein and lipid metabolism.

Iodine is one of the strongest antiseptics and is used to cauterize and tan skin. In medicine, the use of I is due to its irritating properties, that is, its stimulating effect on the nerve endings of the skin, mucous membranes, as well as its distracting effect - weakening the pain syndrome in the area of ​​​​affected tissues.

The product has the property of coagulating proteins (clotting), which causes their death. Therefore, iodine is widely used in the treatment of fungal diseases, since the fungus that affects the skin epidermis and nail plate has a protein environment. I has proven itself positively in the treatment of papillomas.

The substance is excreted through the kidneys, intestines and external secretion glands - milk and sweat.

Release form

The price of iodine in glass is on average 15 rubles, in a bottle with a shaving valve - 24 rubles, marker with l - 40 rubles.

Iodine is available in the form of an alcohol solution of 5, 3, 2 and 1%. The liquid for external use has a red-brown color with a characteristic odor.

Pharmaceutical companies offer the following packaging for sale:

Dark glass bottle. The form has a significant drawback - when uncorked, it leaves marks on the skin. Additional application tools are required, such as cotton swabs.

Dropper tube. After use, drops of the solution are retained in the valve, which may spill during the next use.

Medical bottle-pencil. Leaves no traces, easy to use. Disadvantage - it dries out instantly if the cap is not tightly closed.

Mode of application

The instructions recommend that when using the substance externally, moisten a cotton swab in the solution, which is used to treat damaged tissue. Iodine should be taken orally for medicinal purposes after meals, after mixing with milk. The dosage is prescribed by the doctor individually, depending on the pathology.

When fighting atherosclerosis, 10-12 drops are prescribed three times a day.

When treating papillomas with iodine, the neoplasm dies within 14 days. Before use, the nipple-like growth should be washed with soapy water and dried thoroughly, lubricate the skin around it with a rich cream and then apply the product directly to the formation.

Iodine mesh is effective for sprains, abrasions, respiratory viral infections, and diseases of the upper respiratory tract. When applied, l penetrates the skin and is absorbed into the blood, thereby activating blood flow, relieving inflammation and swelling. Indicated for use from one year of age.

An effective remedy for relieving the symptoms of a sore throat is gargling 3-4 times a day with a solution prepared as follows: mix 250 ml of boiled water (cooled to a temperature of 36-37 ° C), 3 drops of iodine and 1 teaspoon each of soda and salt. After use, do not drink or eat for 30 minutes.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding

Use during the lactation period is permissible if the benefit to the mother outweighs the potential danger to the child. Please note that the substance is excreted in breast milk, so you should consult a medical specialist. The instructions do not recommend the use of iodine during pregnancy.

Contraindications

• Individual intolerance
• Children up to 5 years of age for oral use and up to 1 year for external use
• Hyperthyroidism (excess thyroid hormones in the body)
• Dühring's disease (dermatitis herpetiformis)
• Treatment of trophic ulcers, including diabetes mellitus.

Precautionary measures

Use for treating mucous membranes requires supervision, since the alcohol contained in the composition can cause severe burns and irritation. Contact with eyes should be avoided.

Cross-drug interactions

Iodine is pharmaceutically incompatible with ammonia solution, essential oils and mercury amide chloride (an explosive mixture is formed upon interaction).

Side effects and overdose

Allergic reactions are possible. With prolonged use - iodism (iodine poisoning), which results in the manifestation of diseases such as urticaria, angioedema, increased salivation and production of tear fluid, acne.

An overdose can occur both after ingestion and through inhalation of vapors.

Symptoms of exceeding the permissible dose when using a concentrated solution orally: burn of the digestive tract, erythrocytosis, the appearance of hemoglobin in the urine.

An overdose by inhaling iodine vapor can cause complete contraction of the muscles of the larynx (laryngospasm), a burn of the upper respiratory tract, and an aseptic inflammatory process in those areas of the mucous membrane where iodine is released.

Lethal dose - 3 g.

Treatment is symptomatic; it is necessary to wash off the excess substance with running water. In case of poisoning, anti-shock therapy is used, aimed at reducing receptor irritation.

Conditions and shelf life

Iodine should be stored out of the reach of children, protected from light and fire, at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C. The drug is valid for 36 months from the date of production.

Ultraviolet radiation and air temperatures above 40 °C accelerate the process of decomposition of active iodine. Discoloration of the solution indicates a decrease in the effectiveness of the product.

Analogues

Among antiseptics, there are many iodine analogues that also have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The most popular are:

Betadine

Manufacturer - EGIS Pharmaceuticals PLC, Hungary.

Price solution for an average of 30 ml - 175 rubles.

The active ingredient is povidone-iodine. The drug has a disinfectant and antiseptic effect. Available in the form of solution, ointment and vaginal suppositories.

Pros:

• No side effects
• Variety of shapes.

Minuses:

• The product may stain clothing.

Povidone-iodine

Manufacturer - Hemofarm D.O.O. Sabac, Serbia.

Price in Russian pharmacies on average: liquid drug - 450 rubles, suppositories - 495 rubles.

Has an antiseptic and disinfectant effect. Not contraindicated for the treatment of trophic and diabetic ulcers, bedsores. According to messages on forums of patients and medical specialists, the drug in the form of suppositories is effective for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis and genital herpes. Women note that after 3-4 days of use, the symptoms are significantly reduced, the amount of discharge, the feeling of discomfort, and redness of the mucous membranes decrease.

Pros:

• Fast results.

Minuses:

• May cause itching and irritation.

Iodine is a drug that has a local irritant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, pronounced antimicrobial and, in high concentrations, a cauterizing effect. It has bactericidal activity against gram-positive and gram-negative microflora (especially Proteus spp., Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp.), pathogenic fungi and yeast. Causes the death of spores of the pathogen Bacillus anthracis.

Release form and composition

The dosage form of Iodine is a 5% alcohol solution.

Composition of the drug: iodine, potassium iodide, 95% ethanol, purified water.

Indications for use

According to the instructions for Iodine, the indications for use of the drug are:

• For external use: abrasions, injuries, wounds, myalgia, infectious and inflammatory skin lesions, inflammatory infiltrates, myositis, neuralgia;
• For local use: purulent otitis, atrophic rhinitis, chronic tonsillitis, varicose and trophic ulcers, wounds, chemical and thermal burns of I-II degrees, infected burns;
• For oral administration: tertiary syphilis, atherosclerosis (treatment and prevention).

In addition, Iodine is used to disinfect the surgeon’s fingers, wound edges and the surgical field (before and after surgery), and for antiseptic treatment of body parts during catheterization, puncture and injections.

Contraindications

Regardless of the method of application, iodine, according to the instructions, is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to the drug.

It is forbidden to take the medicine internally:

• Children under 5 years old;
• Pregnant women;
• For pulmonary tuberculosis;
• Patients with chronic pyoderma;
• For nephritis and nephrosis;
• For furunculosis and acne;
• Patients with hemorrhagic diathesis;
• For urticaria.

Directions for use and dosage

When applied externally, iodine is applied to damaged or treated areas of the skin.

Place used:

• To wash lacunae (depressions on the surface) of the tonsils and supratonsillar spaces (adjacent to the tonsils) - 1 procedure once every 2-3 days, a total of 4-5 procedures;
• For irrigation of the nasopharynx - 2-3 times a week, treatment - up to 3 months;
• For instillation into the ear and rinsing - as prescribed by a doctor;
• To gargle – several times a day with an aqueous solution (5 ml of iodine per 50 ml of water);
• In surgical practice and for burns, gauze wipes soaked in Iodine are applied to the affected areas as needed.

If it is necessary to take iodine orally, the doctor determines the dose individually in each case. The required amount of the drug should be dissolved in milk and taken after meals.

To prevent atherosclerosis, adults are prescribed 1-10 drops once or twice a day for 30 days. It is recommended to conduct 2-3 such courses per year. When treating atherosclerosis, they usually take 10-12 drops three times a day. For tertiary syphilis, a single dose varies from 5 to 50 drops; iodine solution should be taken 2-3 times a day.

The maximum single dose for adults is 20 drops, daily dose is 60 drops.

For children, oral iodine is prescribed 3-5 drops per 1/2 glass of milk 2-3 times a day.

Side effects

In most cases, the drug is well tolerated.

When taking Iodine orally, skin allergic reactions, increased sweating, sleep disturbances, diarrhea, nervousness, tachycardia may occur, and if a large concentration is taken, a chemical burn may occur.

When Iodine is used externally, skin irritation is sometimes observed. In case of hypersensitivity to the drug and with prolonged use on large areas of the body, there is a possibility of developing iodism, manifested by acne, lacrimation, drooling, urticaria, cough, rhinitis, metallic taste in the mouth, thirst, Quincke's edema, diarrhea, and general weakness.

special instructions

Iodine is pharmacologically incompatible with white sedimentary mercury, ammonia solutions and essential oils. Such combinations are strictly contraindicated!

Iodine reduces the hypothyroid and goitrogenic effects of lithium preparations, and its antiseptic activity is weakened by an acidic and alkaline environment, the presence of blood, pus and fat.

The drug should be used very carefully to prevent the solution from getting into the eyes.

High temperature (more than 40 ºС) and light accelerate the breakdown of active iodine.

The diluted solution cannot be stored for long periods of time.

Analogues

The following drugs belong to the same pharmacological group (“Iodine Preparations”) and have a similar mechanism of action: Aquazan, Braunodin B. Brown, Braunodin B. Brown Povidone-Iodine, Betadine, Iodine-Ka, Iodinol, Iodine tablets, Iodovidone, Iodonate , Yodopirone, Iodoflex, Yoduxun, Lugol, Lugol's solution with glycerin, Povidone-iodine, Octasept, Stellanin, Stellanin-PEG, Sulyodovisol, Sulyodopirone.

Terms and conditions of storage

According to the instructions, the drug should be stored in a dark place at a temperature not lower than 0 ºC. The shelf life of the solution is 3 years.

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Name:

Iodine (lodum)

Pharmacological
action:

Elemental iodine has pronounced antimicrobial properties. Elemental iodine preparations are characterized by a pronounced local irritating effect on tissue, and in high concentrations - a cauterizing effect. The local effect is due to the ability of elemental iodine to precipitate tissue proteins. Preparations that remove elemental iodine have a much less pronounced irritating effect, and iodides have local irritating properties only in very high concentrations.
The nature of the resorptive action preparations of elemental iodine and iodides are the same. During the resorptive effect, iodine preparations have the most pronounced effect on the functions of the thyroid gland. For iodine deficiency Iodides help restore impaired synthesis of thyroid hormones. With normal iodine content in the environment, iodides inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormones, the sensitivity of the thyroid gland to pituitary TSH decreases and its secretion by the pituitary gland is blocked. The effect of iodine preparations on metabolism is manifested by increased dissimilation processes. In atherosclerosis, they cause a slight decrease in the concentration of cholesterol and beta-lipoproteins in the blood; in addition, they increase the fibrinolytic and lipoproteinase activity of blood serum and slow down the rate of blood clotting.
Accumulating in syphilitic gums, iodine promotes their softening and resorption. However, the accumulation of iodine in tuberculosis lesions leads to an increase in the inflammatory process in them. The release of iodine by the excretory glands is accompanied by irritation of the glandular tissue and increased secretion. This is due to the expectorant effect and stimulation of lactation (in small doses). However, in large doses, iodine preparations can cause suppression of lactation.

Pharmacokinetics
Upon contact with skin or mucous membranes, 30% is converted into iodides, and the rest into active iodine. Partially absorbed. The absorbed part penetrates tissues and organs and is selectively absorbed by the thyroid gland. It is secreted mainly by the kidneys, intestines, sweat and mammary glands.

Indications for
application:

Iodine preparations are used externally and internally:
Externally used as antiseptic (disinfectant), irritating and distracting agents for inflammatory and other diseases of the skin and mucous membranes.
Inside- for atherosclerosis, chronic inflammatory processes in the respiratory tract, for tertiary syphilis, hyperthyroidism (thyroid disease), for the prevention and treatment of endemic goiter (thyroid disease due to low iodine content in water), for chronic mercury and lead poisoning.

Mode of application:

For external use Damaged skin areas are treated with iodine.
For oral administration the dose is set individually, depending on the indications and age of the patient.
Topically used for washing lacunae and supratonsillar spaces - 4-5 procedures at intervals of 2-3 days, for irrigation of the nasopharynx - 2-3 times a week for 2-3 months, for instillation into the ear and rinsing - for 2-4 weeks; in surgical practice and for burns, gauze napkins applied to the affected surface are moistened as needed.

Side effects:

For external use: rarely - skin irritation; with prolonged use on large wound surfaces - iodism (rhinitis, urticaria, Quincke's edema, salivation, lacrimation, acne).
When taken orally: allergic skin reactions, tachycardia, nervousness, sleep disturbances, increased sweating, diarrhea (in patients over 40 years of age).

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity to iodine. For oral administration - pulmonary tuberculosis, nephritis, nephrosis, adenomas (including the thyroid gland), furunculosis, acne, chronic pyoderma, hemorrhagic diathesis, urticaria, pregnancy, children under 5 years of age.

Interaction
other medicinal
by other means:

Pharmaceutically incompatible with essential oils, ammonia solutions, white sedimentary mercury (an explosive mixture is formed). An alkaline or acidic environment, the presence of fat, pus, and blood weaken the antiseptic activity. Reduces the hypothyroid and goitrogenic effects of lithium preparations.

Pregnancy:

Contraindicated for oral administration during pregnancy.

Composition of the medicinal product Iodine

Dosage form

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Pharmacological properties

Iodine - indications for use

Contraindications

Cautions for use

Interactions with drugs

Side effects

Overdose

Compound

pharmachologic effect

Indications for use

Mode of application

Side effects

Contraindications

Release form

Storage conditions

Active substance:

Authors

Links

• Official instructions for the drug Iodine.
• Modern drugs: a complete practical guide. Moscow, 2000. S. A. Kryzhanovsky, M. B. Vititnova.