Candidiasis of the head. Cutaneous candidiasis: symptoms and treatment Skin candidiasis infections

Candidiasis on the human body is an infection of fungal origin, the development of which occurs under the influence of yeast-like microorganisms Candida. In fact, such a fungus is present in the body of any person, however, in an inactive state, they do not cause any harm to a person. Under the influence of certain factors, the fungus begins to actively reproduce and the result is the development of a disease such as thrush.

Most often, the main location of candidiasis is the genitals, but sometimes the foci of pathology are localized in different parts of the body. If thrush affects the skin, then they talk about a pathology such as cutaneous candidiasis. Elimination of diseases of the skin and mucous membranes involves the use of antifungal agents, which is supplemented by taking tablets.

Reasons for the development of the disease

Skin candidiasis is a fungal disease that occurs in skin folds and on the palms of the hands. Often, a yeast-like fungus enters the body in childhood and remains on the skin as a natural inhabitant. Candidiasis begins to progress only when yeast-like microorganisms transform from a saprophytic state to a pathogenic one. This is usually observed as a result of various changes occurring in the body. The largest number of yeast-like fungi are located in the gastrointestinal tract, and their active development can be avoided thanks to its normal microflora.

There are some factors that can trigger the development of candidiasis on the skin:

• Violation of metabolic processes in the body;
• Progression of dysbacteriosis, which causes disruption of the intestinal microflora;
• Violation of the body's protective functions;
• Progression of chronic pathologies in the body;
• Increased sweating;
• Insufficient intake of vitamins and nutrients.

In some cases, thrush may develop as a result of drug therapy using:

• Cytostatics;
• Corticosteroids;
• Antibacterial drugs.

Thrush often develops on the skin when the body is exposed to certain external factors. The active development of yeast-like fungi can occur when the humidity is too high, and at the same time they can be transformed into a pathogenic state. Candidiasis is most often diagnosed in those people who work in baths and swimming pools and are in constant contact with water.

Another factor that can trigger the development of skin thrush is increased ambient temperature. In such a situation, increased sweating and meceration of the skin are observed, which causes the development of the disease.

Forms of pathology and symptoms

Modern medicine identifies the following forms of pathology:

• Oral thrush is most often diagnosed in infants. Infection usually occurs during breastfeeding and when using the same care items.
• Candidal cheilitis is detected in older children and adult patients. This form of the disease is accompanied by the appearance of swelling of the red border of the lips and the formation of gray scales along their edges.
• Thrush of smooth skin and folds is characterized by the formation of small bubbles, the opening of which is accompanied by the formation of erosions.
• Candidal paronychia and onychia at the very beginning of its development causes pain in the area of ​​the nail fold and its swelling.
• Urogenital candidiasis is accompanied by the appearance of white discharge with a cheesy consistency and severe itching in the vulva area.

Thrush begins with the formation of foci of redness on the skin, which are complemented by the appearance of swelling and rash elements such as:

• Bubbles;
• Pustules;
• Papules.

After the opening of such elements occurs, the formation of weeping, eroded areas of skin is observed in their place. At first, such erosions appear small in size and are located at a distance from each other. Gradually they merge with each other and form one large eroded area of ​​​​tissue on the body, which has clearly defined boundaries.

If the formation of such areas occurs in the face or groin area, this causes a lot of inconvenience and discomfort, both aesthetic and physical. The surface of such erosions is smooth and covered with a whitish coating.

Often thrush with such signs appears on the skin of patients who are overweight and also have large folds on the skin.

Experts identify the following forms of pathology:

• In the erythematous form, a large number of edematous - erythematous tissue foci are observed;
• The vesicular form of the disease is accompanied by the formation of many papules, vesicles and pustules on the inflamed areas of the skin.

Thrush often occurs in a chronic form, and is accompanied by relapses. In such a situation, the disease can occur on the skin of patients several times during the year. Pathology on the body can appear against the background of various diseases that are accompanied by a violation of the body’s immune system.

The chronic course of candidiasis can develop into a generalized form, which is complemented by the progression of pathologies such as:

• Bronchitis;
• Pneumonia;
• Anemia;
• Problems with the gastrointestinal tract.

More often, on the hands between the fingers, the disease is localized in preschool children, as well as adults who spend a lot of time doing gardening.

This disease on the hands causes the formation of areas of maceration with red skin and severe swelling, along the borders of which papules and blisters are observed.

If the nails become the site of thrush, this is accompanied by thinning of the skin, peeling and swelling. Candidiasis causes problems with the nutrition of the fingernails and the result is a thinning of the plate, turning it yellowish-brown and separating from the bed.

Control methods and prevention

Skin candidiasis is considered an unpleasant disease that must be treated. Elimination of such pathology involves a complex effect on the body using the following means.

Antifungal drugs, among which the most effective are considered:

• Amphotericin B;
• Levorin;
• Nystatin.

Medicines from the azole group:

• Fluconazole;
• Miconazole;
• Clotrimazole.

If the disease is mild, it can be treated with laser and topical fungal preparations. When large areas of the skin are affected, experts recommend supplementing local treatment with antibacterial agents.

Treatment of thrush can be divided into several stages:

1. The fight against infectious agents, which involves the use of antiseptic and antimycotic drugs. Skin candidiasis can be treated with: Rivanol, an aqueous solution of brilliant green, ointment with boric acid.
2. The fight against thrush, which is localized in the intestines or genitourinary system. Usually, the elimination of pathologies is carried out by douching with medicinal solutions and internal medication is prescribed.
3. Treatment of chronic diseases and elimination of environmental factors that have an adverse effect on the body.

Treatment of pathology requires mandatory supervision by a specialist and elimination of the cause that caused the development of candidiasis. In addition, it is important to get rid of the disease that caused the development of cutaneous candidiasis. If thrush causes severe itching of the skin, then experts recommend supplementing the therapy with the use of a spray such as Epigen Intim for 7-10 days.

In order for the treatment to be most effective, it is recommended to combine antifungal therapy with a specific diet. When the disease is localized in the skin and fat folds, experts recommend that the patient lose excess weight. The diet should be dominated by vegetables and fruits, and the consumption of sweet and fatty foods should be limited.

To strengthen the body's immune system, a complex of vitamins is prescribed and it is important not to forget to observe the rules of personal hygiene.

Thrush is an unpleasant disease that affects the skin and causes a lot of discomfort to a person.

• Organizing proper nutrition plays an important role;
• It is necessary to promptly treat dysbacteriosis;
• If you are prone to developing candidiasis, it is recommended to limit your consumption of sweets;
• You should avoid drinks that are based on fermentation;
• When the first signs of the disease appear, you should consult a specialist and undergo mandatory treatment.

It is important to observe good personal hygiene and monitor your health, which may be sufficient to prevent candidiasis infection.

Candidiasis of the skin is not as harmless a disease as it might seem at first glance. In the absence of effective therapy, it is possible for the acute form of the pathology to transform into a chronic form, as well as the penetration of fungi into the internal organs and blood. In such a situation, candidiasis becomes a dangerous pathology that can cause the development of unpleasant complications.

The diagnosis of candidiasis (or thrush) almost always causes associations with gynecological problems, which are faced mainly by women. At the same time, few people know that thrush can occur on the skin. Moreover, it can occur at any age – in both men and women.

The causative agents of the disease are fungi of the genus Candida - representatives of opportunistic microflora, which are found in certain quantities in the body of every healthy person.

Up to certain levels, they do not pose a danger and do not cause pathological conditions. But due to the presence of factors favorable for reproduction, their numbers begin to increase, which can cause the onset of such an unpleasant disease as cutaneous candidiasis.

This pathology is a lesion of the upper layers of the epidermis and develops for the following reasons:

• changes in hormonal status, in particular in women and menopause, taking hormonal contraceptives, hormonal changes due to taking certain medications or diseases;
• metabolic disorders leading to endocrine pathologies (diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus, obesity, thyrotoxicosis, thyroiditis and other pathologies);
• intestinal dysbiosis;
• decreased immune response;
• conditions that lead to weakening of the body - chronic inflammatory or infectious pathologies, deficiency;
• unreasonable, excessive, uncontrolled or incorrect use of certain medications. , sulfonamides or hormones without “covering” with probiotics or prebiotics lead to an imbalance in the microflora.

All these factors help create favorable conditions for the growth of colonies of pathogenic fungi.

Along with internal problems, candidiasis of the skin is also caused by environmental factors. Excessive humidity and elevated temperature cause the development of the disease in housewives, cleaners, and catering workers. People who, by the nature of their professional activities, come into contact with active chemicals (acids, sugars, various reagents) that cause maceration of the skin are also familiar with this disease.

Characteristic symptoms and signs

Signs of skin thrush depend on its location. But in any case, the following will be characteristic (increasingly):

• the appearance of hyperemic areas;
• small rashes of various types (pustules, papules, vesicles);
• then the rash opens, forming erosions;
• the affected areas of the body become wet and begin to merge into large lesions;
• a white coating appears on the surface;
• the edges of the formations swell and become covered with blisters.

Depending on the place where the fungi “settle”, the following symptoms may be observed:

• Seizures are most common in old age; they form folds in the corners of the mouth, constantly becoming wet and covered with a whitish coating. The process is often bilateral, although in rare cases it may be present on only one side;
• cheilitis - damage to the lips. Often accompanied by seizures. The lips become swollen, covered with grayish scales, crack, and sometimes bleed;
• thrush of folds of large sizes. It often appears in infancy and in older women of “impressive shape.” In this case, thrush on the skin of a baby is localized in the groin, thighs, buttock area and under the armpits. In women, the folds under the breasts are involved in the process;
• interdigital lesions are typical for people who work in conditions of high humidity. Such candidiasis, as a rule, spreads both on and on the legs;
• Nail fungus is characterized by acute pain. When pressing on the swollen surface, droplets of pus appear. Subsequently, the nail plates are involved in the process;
• Candidiasis of the palms is accompanied by similar damage to the nail folds or interdigital lesions. It is a “natural” continuation of a process that was treated incorrectly or not treated at all. It is this type of skin thrush that can become chronic, since the lesion has a fairly pronounced and advanced form, which is difficult to treat;
• candidiasis of smooth skin is most typical for infants and bedridden patients. Thrush in these cases is secondary and spreads from lesions in the folds or in infants from the mucous membranes. Manifests itself in the form of a small blistering rash, which over time acquires characteristic clinical signs;
• mainly appears in lactating women. A whitish coating with a keratinized ridge forms around the halo. As the pathology develops, a crack may appear at the base, causing pain that worsens during feeding. Very often such cracks begin to bleed;
• lesions of the scalp are a rare form of thrush. It is secondary and develops in the presence of candidiasis in other parts of the body;
• candidal balanoposthitis is a purely male disease that affects not only the skin, but also the skin. It develops imperceptibly, practically asymptomatically, with only the appearance of whitish, crumbly discharge. Then small rashes appear, developing into erosions, which are very quickly covered with epithelial tissue;
• chronic candidiasis of the epidermal surface and mucous membranes - a serious and severe infection by fungal flora with an often recurrent course;
• allergic thrush is a secondary lesion that develops when candida enters the bloodstream and spreads throughout the body. It has the form of allergic dermatitis, conjunctivitis, and damage to the respiratory tract. One of the signs may be cutaneous, not associated with lesions of the epidermis.

It is impossible not to notice such manifestations of pathology. And if you identify something wrong in the early stages, treatment will be easier, and the prognosis for a full recovery increases.

Treatment of cutaneous candidiasis

Therapy for skin thrush should be prescribed only by a specialist who will take into account the severity of the pathology, the localization of the process, the patient’s age, and the presence of concomitant diseases.

In addition, the doctor will take into account all the contraindications that broad-spectrum antimycotic agents have, often used in generally accepted protocols.

Among women

Thrush on the skin of women can develop as an independent disease (a consequence of exposure to negative environmental factors) or secondary (as a complication). Depending on the etiology, treatment is prescribed.

1. For an uncomplicated local form of skin lesions, it is sufficient to treat the affected surface with antifungal agents in the form of gels or creams (,). If the process is started or is acute, the doctor may prescribe the use of corticosteroid drugs (topically) for a short time.
2. If the pathology is secondary, treatment is carried out comprehensively. General oral agents and local drugs (Nystatin, Terzhinan, etc.) are used.
3. Nipple thrush is carried out by treating the affected surface and surrounding areas with antimycotic agents and decoctions (only in combination with medications).

In men

Thrush on the skin in men in the initial stages of the disease and in mild cases is also treated with local medications. Recommended use:

• Clotirmazole cream is applied to the damaged surface twice a day for up to a week;
• Nystatin ointment and cream according to the same regimen;
• Pimafucin cream twice a day until symptoms disappear completely.

Sometimes the use of general-spectrum oral antifungal drugs is required to eliminate candida. Fluconazole is recognized as one of the most effective (analogs - Diflucan, Flucostat, Forkan).

In children

Thrush appears on the skin of a child quite often, especially. It is absolutely impossible to treat it yourself, since the drugs, course and dosage must be selected by a pediatrician or dermatologist, taking into account all the characteristics of the baby, his age and the severity of the disease.

Often, candidiasis in children is treated with topical medications. Antimycotics are not taken orally, with rare exceptions, which is a severe degree of damage with general intoxication of the body.

Prevention

Thrush is a disease like any other. It needs to be treated on time and with adequate methods. But it is better to take preventive measures that will help avoid not only candidiasis, but also other diseases.

1. Strengthening the body, increasing immunity. Walk more in the fresh air, play sports, and lead an active lifestyle.
2. Proper nutrition. Minimize the consumption of high-carbohydrate, spicy, smoked and canned foods. Try not to eat foods with “food chemicals”. Introduce fermented milk, fresh vegetables and fruits, light proteins and other healthy foods into your diet.
3. Cloth. Give preference to linen made from natural cotton fabrics. Toilet items should not be tight, rub or irritate the skin.

Be sure to monitor your general health. Treat chronic illnesses regularly and consult a doctor promptly in case of acute illnesses.

In most cases, the symptoms are nonspecific and the diagnosis is made only based on the totality of all data (both clinical and laboratory).

The most common forms are:

• Candidiasis seizures- observed, as a rule, in persons with malocclusions and elderly people. It looks like an easily removable white coating in the corners of the mouth, with red smooth erosions underneath it.
• Candidiasis of the red border of the lips- reddened lips (usually the process is more pronounced on the lower lips) are thickened, flaky, swollen, cracks are possible.
• Candidiasis of large skin folds(inguinal-femoral, intergluteal folds and folds of the axillary region).
• Interdigital yeast erosions- most often occurs between the 3rd and 4th, 4th and 5th fingers of the hands, rarely on the feet, and is characterized by the formation of eroded lesions of a rich red color with a smooth, shiny, as if varnished surface, clear boundaries, with flaking epidermis.
• Yeast paronychia- nail folds are affected.
• Nail candidiasis- nails thicken, detachment of the nail from the nail bed, splitting of the nail plate may occur, and the color of the nail changes (as with other onychomycosis).
• Candidiasis of the palms- occurs in two forms: 1) with rashes of small bubbles (vesicles); 2) with thickening and peeling of the skin.
• Nipple candidiasis typical for lactating women. In this case, red, irregularly shaped, flaky rashes appear in the area of ​​the nipple areola, and sometimes cracks can form.
• Candidiasis of the scalp. The hair itself is not affected by Candida fungi, and changes in the scalp are similar to the manifestations of seborrheic dermatitis.
• Candidiasis balanoposthitis characterized by damage not only to the mucous membrane, but also to the skin of the penis.

There are also candidiasis of the genitourinary organs (the well-known “thrush”) and systemic candidiasis, when (as a rule, against the background of serious illnesses) internal organs are affected, but this is a topic for other articles and, probably, other specialists.

Is skin candidiasis contagious?

Conditionally yes. Despite the fact that candida also exists in the microflora of healthy people, contact with an untreated patient with cutaneous candidiasis can trigger the onset of candidiasis in weakened patients or with some other problem that contributes to its occurrence. Agree, this is not a very likely, although not impossible, coincidence. So, although ordinary hygiene is sufficient in everyday life, if there are concerns (contact with the elderly, children, sick people), fungal prevention measures would be useful.

What to do?

Firstly, do not self-medicate under any circumstances. “True remedies” recommended by neighbors and other equally competent sources (including Internet forums) significantly complicate the diagnosis of the disease without bringing results. Many “well-known” remedies, for example Nystatin tablets, are completely useless for cutaneous candidiasis, since they are not absorbed from the intestines.

Secondly, sowing is necessary to determine not only the type of fungus, but also its sensitivity to antimycotics. Unfortunately, recently the frequency of detection of candida other than Candida albicans has increased, and this pathogen itself has become less sensitive to traditionally used drugs, which makes adjustments to treatment.

Thirdly, the most important thing in treatment is not the prescription of antifungal drugs systemically and/or locally (although this cannot be avoided), but mitigation of the effect or (if possible) elimination of those factors that contributed to the onset of the disease. It is clear that we cannot correct the consequences of serious diseases, but we can control obesity and diabetes, avoid prolonged contact with detergents, wean a child from biting his lips, and change into more suitable clothes.

Unfortunately, healthcare optimization does not always leave time for the doctor to analyze each specific situation in detail. However, in the case of cutaneous candidiasis (and, I remind you, elimination of the pathogen is impossible, since it is found everywhere, including in the skin microflora of healthy people) - without taking measures aimed at the factors contributing to the development of candidiasis - relapse of the disease is almost inevitable.

Therefore, if you have been diagnosed with cutaneous candidiasis and even cured quite quickly, this is still a reason to think about your state of health and have a thorough examination.

Good health!

Leonid Shchebotansky

Photo istockphoto.com

When it comes to thrush, most people think of the genital type or, in extreme cases, the stomach type. Many people don’t even know that simple redness and pimples can be a symptom of facial skin candidiasis. This infectious fungal disease can affect virtually any area of ​​the body. It has noticeable external manifestations and therefore can really interfere with leading an active lifestyle. How can you notice the appearance of thrush on the skin in time and is it really possible to prevent it?

Pathogenesis of candidiasis

Cutaneous candidiasis cannot be called an exclusively contagious disease, since its actual causative agent, an opportunistic fungus of the genus Candida, constantly inhabits the mucous membranes of the human body. Because this microorganism is part of the microflora along with many others, its population is kept within safe limits by a constant struggle for survival. This is not a separate process from the whole body; it is controlled by the human immune system. Accordingly, if its protective functions are weakened, then difficulties arise in resisting infections.

Thus, other strains of fungi can enter the body, with which the microflora of the mucous membranes is not familiar; accordingly, it does not have a mechanism to resist them. Against the background of weakened immunity, bacterial invasion may develop. This makes thrush a rather unpredictable disease because problems with the immune defense are often hidden just before such an infection occurs. Actively reproducing candida begins to displace other microorganisms, and their waste products accumulate in such quantities that they become toxic to the host organism.

Forms of cutaneous candidiasis

The types of candidiasis are divided depending on their location. Regarding skin manifestations, the following forms can be listed:

• Balanoposthitis.

In fact, this is superficial genital thrush in men. It manifests itself in inflammation of the glans penis and foreskin. At first it is characterized only by redness and swelling, but later a white coating and small erosion ulcers appear.

• Thrush of the lips.

It can be localized in the corners of the mouth, on the outer and inner surfaces of the lips. Manifestations range from a red rash to ulcers and scaly, inflamed areas. Very often combined with a fungal infection of the mouth, which is accompanied by a thick, cheesy white coating.

• Yeast paronychia.

This is a fungal infection of the nails and surrounding skin. This condition is quite painful due to the fact that the inflamed areas are constantly affected by mechanical and chemical factors. As you might guess, this is a highly contagious form that can spread to other parts of the body.

• Facial skin fungus.

Red spots of a clear shape with flaky edges appear on different parts of the face. If left untreated, the disease becomes severe and wet ulcers (erosion of the epidermis) appear. This also includes infection of the scalp, which “descends” further to the face.

• Inguinal.

It is distinguished as a type of skin disease, since it is not necessarily localized on the inner walls of the vagina in women. It can affect the outer labia and inguinal skin folds. Manifestations are standard for fungal infections - itchy red areas with a white coating and peeling. If left untreated, the disease spreads further to the genitals, and small erosion wounds form.

• Candidiasis of the palms and feet.

This form is not as common as other types. It is characterized by a smooth, stretched surface of erosion, dryness, and peeling. May also be accompanied by infection of the skin between the toes. It is more common on the legs than on the hands because the feet can spend long periods of time in damp conditions with poor air circulation.

• Fungus of large skin folds.

It occurs due to the fact that in these places an optimal environment for the appearance of fungus is formed - humid, dark, without proper air circulation. This form can become truly dangerous and is characterized by frequent relapses. Without treatment, wounds form in the folds, in which secondary infection occurs. This can lead to necrosis and penetration of the fungus into the blood. In women, it is most often localized under the breasts. It is also common for people who are very overweight.

• Interdigital.

A rather specific form, which is typical for people in those professions whose hands are constantly in a damp environment (cleaning, washing, washing). Redness, peeling, and, in certain cases, skin erosion appear between the fingers or toes.

How does skin candidiasis manifest?

Superficial skin candidiasis varies in manifestations depending on its form, but there are common symptoms that allow you to suspect it. These include:

• redness;
• peeling along the edges of the red areas;
• skin erosion;
• itching, burning;
• the slightly moist surface beneath the top exfoliating layer of the epidermis.

In the groin area, the disease may be accompanied by standard manifestations of thrush of the mucous membranes of the genital organs - an unpleasant odor, white heterogeneous discharge, a light thin coating.

On the body, cutaneous candidiasis can be localized on the scalp, for example, on the head. Moreover, it is not necessarily immediately accompanied by hair loss, but in advanced cases it is almost always.

Candidiasis of the scalp may initially be confused with dandruff, because it is also characterized by some redness and active separation of white scales. The main difference here will be that the fungus is not distributed evenly over the head, it appears in “spots”, while dry or oily dandruff covers the entire area of ​​the scalp. If left untreated, the itching gets worse, and scratching can lead to wounds and blood poisoning.

Why does skin candidiasis appear?

Fungal infection usually occurs against the background of a significantly weakened immune system. That is, many are at risk of this, since a weakened body can hold on for a long time with all its strength before finally giving in.

There are certain risk factors that increase the risk of contracting cutaneous candidiasis. In addition to the objective impact of personal hygiene, professional “risks” can also be noted.

Professions in which a person is constantly in conditions of high humidity, or has wet hands or feet, contribute to the development of fungal infections on the skin.

Speaking about personal hygiene, we are not just talking about frequent hand washing and showering, but about the right approach to them. First, you should use gentle detergents that do not cause dryness. If the skin is too dry, it cracks, small wounds appear at the site of the cracks, through which the unprotected layers of the epidermis can become infected.

Secondly, after washing you should definitely wipe yourself dry, since a humid environment is optimal for the growth of fungi. You should not share your towel with anyone if there is a possibility that the immune system is weakened or the other person may be carrying a bacterial infection.

Finally, these microorganisms survive even outside the host, so many public places can contribute to infection. Thrush is not necessarily transmitted only through direct contact with a sick person. We are talking about the need to comply with sanitary and hygienic standards in bathrooms, baths, medical offices, and beauty salons.

Smooth skin candidiasis is typical for children, which is explained by not yet fully developed immunity, communication with a large number of potential carriers of various forms of thrush (doctors, teachers, family friends and relatives), and being in a children's group (nursery, kindergarten, school).

The development of this form of infection is preceded by ordinary fold candidiasis. Unfortunately, children also often suffer from thrush of the lips and nails due to violation of sanitary rules.

Doctors note that weakened immunity occurs not only against the background of chronic endocrine or immune diseases, but also under unfavorable living conditions. These include food insufficiently rich in nutrients, aggressive ecology, sluggish lifestyle, and overwork. Human nutrition should be complete, not excessive.

Healthy physical activity is important as it affects normal metabolism. If possible, you should take preventative vitamin courses. If it is difficult to choose them yourself, then you can contact an endocrinologist or even just a therapist - both doctors will be able to give the necessary advice. This is especially important for chronic patients suffering from congenital pathologies and people with cancer.

How to treat?

Treatment of skin candidiasis is carried out locally, using ointments, gels, and creams. For preparatory cleaning of the affected area, you can also use special antifungal solutions, sold ready-made in pharmacies. Due to the fact that the epidermis is very flaky, before applying medicinal products it is necessary to cleanse the skin as much as possible so that the active substance can really be well absorbed. Thick texture, for example, ointment should be applied with a slight rubbing motion. Light creams and gels can be used by gently patting.

Some forms of the disease are more difficult to care for than others. Candidiasis of the inguinal folds is a case where it is not so easy to regularly apply medications and at the same time maintain an active lifestyle. To speed up recovery, an integrated approach to treatment is used, which combines external agents and tablets. If genital thrush is present, vaginal or rectal suppositories are also recommended. When treating candidiasis of large folds, it is imperative to dry the affected areas with disposable napkins before applying ointments or creams. If possible, you should avoid arguing and sweating in the area of ​​the fungal infection.

Candidiasis of the skin and nails requires a special approach to treatment. On the one hand, you should try to cleanse your skin to avoid worsening your symptoms. On the other hand, if you overdo it with washing, you can dry out the already significantly damaged epidermis.

It is necessary to take into account the time it takes for the gels and ointments used to absorb. This does not happen instantly, so in addition to not getting your hands wet for a while, you should not eat food during this period. It is unlikely that your mouth or lips will become infected during treatment, but the medicine itself may get into your food.

Speaking about the treatment of skin candidiasis with tablets, we mean the use of immunomodulators and capsules containing “beneficial” bacteria that help restore the damaged balance of the body’s microflora. They should not be used uncontrolled. Particular care should be taken when using general antibiotics. They can be the initial cause of dysbiosis, since they destroy those microorganisms that are necessary.

When treating nail candidiasis, doctors may prescribe vitamin complexes specifically for hair and nails. They will strengthen the damaged plates and avoid their delamination after recovery. Strong complexes of antifungal drugs are prescribed for advanced or severe cases of cutaneous thrush. This is also necessary if there is a risk of spreading infection.

Skin candidiasis is not the most severe form of fungal disease, but it looks very unattractive. Spreading rapidly, it becomes more and more noticeable. That is why you should start treating candidiasis of the face and body as quickly as possible. It is not recommended to select medications on your own, since most likely the doctor will want to find out the reason why the body could not cope with the infection. Equally important will be examination to identify hidden foci of thrush. With an integrated approach to treatment and lifestyle changes according to medical recommendations, the disease can be dealt with fairly quickly.

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Cutaneous candidiasis is an infectious fungal disease that develops when the microscopic yeast family Candida increases in the body. A new disease according to the ICD (International Classification of Diseases) is called candidiasis. Thrush on the skin is a rather insidious disease that can occur without significant symptoms. This can lead to serious complications. Therefore, the sooner treatment measures are taken, the better.

Candidiasis of the skin develops with the progression of dangerous types of fungus of the genus Candida in the body. In total, 130 varieties of yeast-like microorganisms can be distinguished, among which only 10 species pose a danger to humans.

The fungus can be localized on the skin, in the area of ​​skin folds and on smooth skin. The possibility of damage to the hands, feet, head and face cannot be ruled out. If candidiasis is not treated in a timely manner, there is a high probability of the fungus entering the bloodstream, which can lead to the spread of colonies throughout the internal organs. In this case, we are talking about the development of systemic candidiasis, which requires systemic drug therapy, since it poses a danger to human life.

Reasons for development

With the development of skin candidiasis, we are talking about the presence of an internal (endogenous) infection. In a healthy person, Candida albicans lives in small quantities on the mucous membranes and skin. The typical inhabitant is part of the natural microflora of the vagina and digestive tract.

The growth of opportunistic microflora in the body is inhibited by lactic acid bacteria, which are part of the beneficial microflora. A decrease in general or local immunity leads to the fact that pathogenic microflora begins to progress. Candidiasis develops due to internal and external causes.

Internal reasons

They are pathological disorders that occur inside the human body. Such processes occur mainly against the background of the following diseases:

Past illnesses can cause candidiasis

• Dysfunction of the stomach and intestines.
• Leukemia and oncology.
• Diabetes mellitus and other endocrine pathologies.
• Vitamin deficiency and impaired absorption of nutrients.
• Previous operations and rehabilitation therapy.
• Long-term intoxication of the body (alcohol abuse, smoking, hazardous production).
• A long and uncontrolled course of antibacterial drugs.
• Immunosuppressive therapy and AIDS.

External reasons

Characterized by the impact on the body of certain unfavorable factors:

1. Wearing the wrong clothes. Leads to disruption of heat exchange and increased sweating.
2. Harmful professional activity. Accompanied by exposure of the skin to various acids and alkalis.
3. Cracks, ulcers and microtraumas. Constant chapping of the skin, damage during manicure and failure to take therapeutic measures for cuts and abrasions leads to the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms under the skin.
4. Lack of personal hygiene. Rare use of water procedures is fraught with the progression of fungus on the skin.

The risk group for developing skin thrush includes housewives and workers whose activities involve constant contact with water: workers at car washes, swimming pools, laundries, vegetable stores and warehouses, and medical institutions.

Classification of the disease

Depending on the area of ​​damage, experts distinguish the following types of fungal infection:

Smooth skin candidiasis is often confused with allergies

• Smooth skin. A whitish yeast-like coating appears on large areas of the skin. This is accompanied by slight redness and itching. Smooth skin candidiasis is often confused with an allergy and people begin to take therapeutic measures that reduce the severity of symptoms, but do not cure the disease completely. In this case, candidiasis can degenerate into a chronic form.
• Skin folds (intertrigo). In the area of ​​the inguinal and axillary folds there is a moist, warm environment. Such conditions are acceptable for the life and reproduction of the fungus. Candidiasis of large folds causes a lot of discomfort, as it is accompanied by pain. The symptoms of the disease resemble diaper rash and require complex drug therapy.
• Scalp. Candidiasis can also progress on the scalp. This is accompanied by the appearance of excessive dryness. The skin begins to peel, which leads to a violation of aesthetic qualities. If treatment is not started in a timely manner, there is a risk of developing alopecia.

Cutaneous candidiasis in children and adults with weakened immune systems often degenerates into a fairly severe form - granulomatous generalized candidiasis. In this case, we are talking about a serious illness that can cause death.

General symptoms

Itching of the skin at the site of the lesion

With a disease such as cutaneous candidiasis, the symptoms are mainly associated with the appearance of acute and even unbearable itching of the skin. Along the edge of the red area of ​​the skin there is a so-called rim of exfoliated epithelium. The symptoms of thrush depend on the area affected and the degree of progression of the disease.

Candidiasis of the skin on the body is often accompanied by fungal microflora affecting the mucous membranes in the oral cavity. In this case, the tongue acquires a bright red color, becomes dry and shiny. In the morning, a white coating forms on it, which can be easily removed with a toothbrush. Small ulcers appear in place of the plaques. A companion to skin thrush is the vaginal form of candidiasis.

The main signs of skin thrush:

1. Redness and the appearance of a white coating, which in appearance resembles grains of semolina.
2. Over time, these grains merge, forming a dense white film that is easily separated from the skin.
3. Gradually the film thickens and becomes gray. It blends tightly with the skin.
4. When removing gray plaque, erosions form on the skin, which can bleed.

It is best to seek help from a doctor when the symptoms of the disease just begin to progress. This helps prevent complications from developing. Urgent medical attention is necessary if the body temperature rises, areas of suppuration and severe pain appear.

Establishing diagnosis

Treatment of a disease such as cutaneous candidiasis should be started only after the diagnosis has been confirmed. The simplest and most accurate methods for determining fungal microflora are the following:

Taking a skin scraping for analysis

• Microscopy of scrapings for pathogenic microorganisms.
• PCR diagnostics.
• Staging an immunofluorescence reaction (RIF)
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Determining the amount of fungal microflora is of great importance in diagnosis, because a small amount of Candida is considered normal and does not require taking any measures. To obtain an accurate identification of the causative agent of the disease. The research procedure is based on determining the sensitivity of the fungus to antimycotic drugs by inoculation on Sabouraud's medium. This will help prescribe the most effective drug therapy.

To determine concomitant pathologies and infectious processes in the body, a CBC, OAM, immunogram and HIV diagnosis are prescribed. If necessary, diseases such as seborrheic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis and erythematous lupus are differentiated.

Therapeutic measures

Self-medication of skin thrush can only worsen the situation. In order to relieve the symptoms of the disease and eliminate the causes of development, comprehensive treatment under the supervision of a specialist is necessary. The goal of drug therapy is to eliminate external and internal causes of thrush and correct existing disorders.

First of all you need:

1. Cure concomitant diseases such as dysfunction of internal organs and eliminate infectious processes in the body.
2. Restore protective functions by taking multivitamin complexes and hardening.
3. Normalize your diet and daily routine. The daily menu should include fortified foods. Sweets and yeast foods should be excluded.
4. Stop antibacterial therapy or replace the antibacterial drug under the supervision of a specialist.

Medication correction

Skin candidiasis, treatment of which should be carried out under the supervision of an experienced doctor, requires the adoption of comprehensive measures:

• To eliminate limited foci, antimycotic agents with local effects (gels, creams and ointments) are prescribed. Among the most effective drugs against skin fungus are Bifonazole, Ketoconazole and Natamycin. They should be applied in a thin layer to the fungus-affected areas of the skin 2-3 times a day for 5-6 days, even if the symptoms of the disease go away earlier.
• To treat fungus in the area of ​​skin folds, it is recommended to use antiseptics with a broad spectrum of action. Among the most effective means, the solution “Miramistin” and “Chlorhexidine” should be highlighted. If these measures are not enough, then antimycotic and antibacterial drugs of systemic action are prescribed.

Treatment of skin candidiasis in the initial stages of progression can be carried out using folk remedies. This measure can also be used during drug therapy, as an additional measure, in order to increase the effectiveness of treatment.

Equine candidiasis can be treated using the following natural remedies:

• Infusion of medicinal herbs (chamomile, calendula, chamomile and juniper). Take 1 tsp. crushed dry raw materials and brew with boiling water (1 l). leave for 2-3 hours and strain. You can take the infusion internally and externally, treating fungal-affected skin areas. The course of treatment is from 5 to 7 days.
• Mint and salt. Mix dry mint leaves (1 tsp) with salt. (2-3 tsp). Stir the mixture with water until a thick paste is obtained. Apply to damaged skin and cover with a sterile bandage. Leave applications for 45-60 minutes. Traditional therapy is recommended for 10 days.
• Buckwheat grain. Pour the cereal into boiling water and cook for 10 minutes. Strain the resulting broth and cool. Treat damaged skin areas. The procedure is recommended to be carried out 2-3 times a day. Continue treatment for 10-14 days.

Therapy should continue for as long as indicated above. Otherwise, you may encounter relapses of the fungal disease. If the effectiveness of folk remedies is not enough, then there is a need for complex drug therapy.

Possible complications

As a rule, cutaneous candidiasis goes away quickly if measures are taken in a timely manner. If the disease is neglected, there is a risk of the fungal infection becoming chronic. This leads to pathogenic microorganisms penetrating into the deep layers of the epidermis and contributing to the progression of the disease.

Candida fungus can penetrate into the blood, which can lead to its spread in the body. Infection of internal organs gradually occurs, which requires serious systemic therapy in a hospital setting.

Prevention measures

In order to prevent fungal damage to the skin, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

Strengthen your immune system with exercise and fresh air

1. Periodically strengthen your immune system: exercise, walk in the fresh air every day, and include healthy foods in your diet.
2. Eliminate exposure to such negative factors on the body that contribute to the development of equine thrush.
3. Promptly treat diseases that reduce the body’s protective barrier.
4. Maintain personal hygiene and do not use other people's things.
5. Wear loose clothing made from natural fabrics.
6. Do not use antibacterial and hormonal drugs without first consulting your doctor.

Candidiasis of skin folds is quite common. The sooner treatment measures are taken, the more likely it is that complications will not arise. Do not try to cure skin candidiasis in a child or adult on your own. Consult a doctor who will diagnose and prescribe effective therapy.