Course work: Soft dosage forms for topical use. Soft dosage forms. Comparative characteristics of soft dosage forms

Introduction

Pharmacology– fundamental medical and biological science about medicinal substances and their effects on the body. Pharmacology studies the effect of drugs used for the treatment and prevention of various diseases and pathological conditions, and one of the most important tasks pharmacology - finding new effective medicines.

This discipline serves theoretical basis pharmacotherapy and the foundation for the study of clinical disciplines: therapy, pediatrics, surgery, etc. Knowledge in the field of pharmacology is necessary for all future medical specialists.

Successful mastery of material in this discipline largely depends on optimization educational process. It is for this purpose that a workbook has been developed, which will allow you to systematize the information obtained in theoretical classes, deepen and consolidate knowledge, and cover a wide range of logical, interdisciplinary and intra-subject connections.

Dear students!

The workbook offered to your attention is a didactic addition to textbooks and a lecture course on pharmacology.

At the discretion and direction of the teacher, assignments are completed in writing or orally, in class or at home, and are used for control, self-control or learning. Free space, blank pages in workbook designed to complete tasks and solve problems.

The main purpose of creating this workbook was the author’s desire to make your work easier and increase its efficiency.

Good luck with your studies!

TOPIC: “Soft and hard dosage forms”, “Liquid dosage forms. Dosage forms for injections"

Date of______________

Practical lesson № ____________

Solid dosage forms

Rules for writing prescriptions

Pills

Powders in capsules

Soft dosage forms

Official, having a commercial (company) name

Task No. 1.

Solve the crossword puzzle. Give answers to Latin.

Vertically:

1. The conjunction “so that.”

9. The case in which medicinal substances are prescribed in a prescription.

15. Cocoa is used as a base for making candles.

16. Equally.

17. Dosage form, melting at body temperature.

18. The preposition “from”, which is used when prescribing infusions and decoctions.

19. Sterilize.

20. Memory.

21. Alcohol extract from medicinal plant materials.

22. Preposition "before".

23. Soft dosage form with stickiness.

25. Solid dosage form for external and internal use, obtained by pressing.

26. Label.

27. Liquid dosage form formed by mutually insoluble or poorly soluble liquids in each other.

28. The solution can be aqueous, alcoholic or...

Horizontally:

1. Dosage form for external use, soft consistency.

2. A mixture of liquid or liquid and solid medicinal substances.

3. Solid dosage form with flow properties.

4. Aqueous extraction from solid parts of plants.

5. The soft part of the plant.

6. Dough-like thick ointment containing more than 25% powdery

7. Aqueous extract from soft parts of plants.

8. Divide.

9. An approximate measure of dosage for liquid dosage forms, depending on the surface tension of the liquid and the pipette opening.

10. Take it.

11. Dosage form consisting of a solvent and medicinal substances.

12. Mix.

14. Liquid dosage form, consisting of a liquid and a suspension of medicinal substances insoluble in it.

Task 2.Writing the recipe.

Task 3.Define dosage form.

Pills………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Dragee…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Capsules…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Powders…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Ointments…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Pastes………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Liniments……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Control questions:

1. What types of forms are used to prescribe medications and the necessary points in their preparation (what seals and signatures should they have)?

2. Acceptable generally accepted prescription abbreviations (dosage forms and special prescription expressions).

3. Modern solid dosage forms, rules for their administration, their positive characteristics.

4. Which tablets cannot be divided or crushed and why?

5. Which tablets need to be crushed and why?

Liquid dosage forms

Sample recipes

Dosage forms for injections

Task No. 1.Fill out the table.

Task 2. Give a definition.

Solution………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Emulsion……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Suspension…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Decoction………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Infusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Solutions for injection……………………………………………………………………………………...

Task 3.Write out the recipe, arrange it in the form of a table.

Task 4. Insert missing words.

INJECTION DOSAGE FORMS INCLUDE…………. and …………..solutions made both in……… and in …………….according to the main recipes.

TOPIC “MAIN ISSUES IN GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY”

Date of___________________

Practical lesson No._________

Task No. 1.

Solve the crossword puzzle

Horizontally:

1. A negative side effect on the fetus is called... action.

2. Information about the mechanisms of action, therapeutic and side effects studies...

3. When the medicine is reintroduced into the body, it may weaken therapeutic effect or...

4. The science of medicine is called...

5. The action of a medicine directly on an organ or some system of the body is called... action.

6. Negative effects on the organ of hearing are called... toxic effects.

7. Science that studies the dependence of the effect of medicinal substances on the body on manufacturing technology, on the nature of medicinal substances, on the nature of excipients, on the method of administering the drug to the body, on the age of the patient, on the dosage form is called...

8. Negative effects of the drug on nervous system called... toxic.

9. The body's resistance to action medicinal substance called...

10. If a medicinal substance affects a symptom of a disease, then ... treatment takes place.

11. An action that develops as a consequence of a direct action is called... action.

12. Aqueous extraction from solid parts of plants is called...

Vertically:

1. The complex of pleasant sensations associated with drug use is called...

4. Studies the processes of absorption, distribution and transformation of medicinal substances in the body....

8. The negative effect of a drug on the kidneys is called... toxic.

13. While abstaining from drugs, a person experiences a complex of mental and physical nature which is called....

14. The harmful effect of a medicinal substance on the body’s defense systems is called... toxic.

15. The synthesis of something in the body is called...

16. The absorption of drugs is called...

17. In cases of liver and kidney dysfunction,...

18. The harmful effects of a drug on the liver are called... toxic.

19. A collection of mandatory national standards and regulations regulating the quality of medicines is called...

20. Totality chemical reactions in the body is called...

21. Diseases due to fault medical worker called... diseases.

22. The effect of a medicinal substance on the offspring, leading to deformities, is called... gene action.

23. Aqueous extract from medicinal plant materials is called...

24. Oil is used to make candles...

25. If a medicinal substance affects the cause of the disease, then ... treatment takes place.

Task No. 2 Fill out the table.

Classification of dosage forms

Homework:

Prepare for a knowledge test on the listed concepts.

1. State Pharmacopoeia

2. Pharmacokinetics

3. Pharmacodynamics

4. Biotransformation, metabolism

5. Anabolism

6. Catabolism

7. Mechanism of action

8. Enteral routes of administration

9. Parenteral routes of administration

10. Resorption

11. Cumulation

12. Types of interaction of drugs with the body: local, resorptive, reflex

13. Types of action of drugs: main, side (hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, ototoxic, fetotoxic or embryotoxic, teratogenic, ulcerogenic, carcinogenic), direct, indirect

14. Types of treatment: etiotropic, symptomatic, pathogenetic, combined, replacement therapy

15. Types of doses: single, highest single, daily, highest daily, course, shock, toxic, lethal

12. Latitude therapeutic action

13. Increased sensitivity: idiosyncrasy, sensitization

14. Reduced sensitivity or resistance or tolerance

15. Tachyphylaxis or rapid addiction

16. Synergy

17. Antagonism

18. Addiction

19. Euphoria

20. Abstinence

21. Iatrogenic diseases

22. Addition

23. Concepts about medicinal substances from the “Venena” and “Heroica” groups

24. Elimination

Task 2.

Working solutions of antiseptics are obtained by diluting concentrates. Complete the formula for calculating the amount of concentrated solution (matrix). Formula for diluting solutions.

Task 3Solve problems using the solution dilution formula.

1. Prepare 1 liter of a 0.5% solution from a 10% ammonia solution.

2. Prepare from a 50% solution calcium chloride 300 ml of 10% solution.

3. Prepare 250 ml of its 6% solution from 34% perhydrol.

4. Prepare 600 ml of 10% magnesium sulfate solution from a 25% solution.

5. Prepare 5 ml of 0.5% novocaine solution from a 2% solution.

To solve problems, you need to answer the following questions:

a) how many ml of matrix solution must be taken to obtain a diluted solution? Specify the name of the matrix solution and its concentration.

b) how much ml should be taken. water for diluting the concentrate?

c) how many ml. what solution and what concentration will you get?

Task 4. Write the names of the following antiseptics in Latin

Solution ammonia _________________________________________

Ethanol____________________________________________________

Brilliant green solution________________________________________________

5% alcohol solution of iodine___________________________________________

Potassium permanganate solution__________________________________________

Concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution or perhydrol__________________________________________________________

Salicylic acid solution 2% alcohol__________________________________________________________

Birch tar__________________________________________________________

Ichthyol______________________________________________________________

Ethacridine lactate or rivanol_____________________________________________

Silver nitrate______________________________________________________________

Copper sulfate_______________________________________________________________

Task 5.Fill out the tables. List the means used:

Task 6.Fill out the table. List the means used:

Task 7.Write prescriptions in Latin in the following drugs:

1. Alcohol solution of iodine

2. Furacilin solution for rinsing:

3. Furacilin tablets for preparing a solution:

4. Alcohol solution of brilliant green:

5. Ethyl alcohol for treating injection sites:

6. Alcohol solution boric acid– drops in the ear:

7. Hydrogen peroxide solution for treating purulent wounds:

Control questions.

1. Prepare to test knowledge on the topic in accordance with the theoretical minimum

2. What are antiseptics?

3. What is disinfectants?

4. Differences between the group of antiseptics and chemotherapeutic agents.

5. Classification of antiseptics.

6. Drugs, synonyms, indications for use, routes of administration of antiseptics from the groups into the body:

a. halogens,

b. aromatic derivatives,

c. aliphatic derivatives,

d. dyes,

e. oxidizing agents

f. acids, alkalis,

g. detergents,

h. salt heavy metals

7. To prepare working solutions of antiseptics (less concentrated) from matrix solutions (more concentrated - concentrates), it is necessary to make calculations using the formula?

8. Types of antimicrobial action, spectrum of action of antimicrobial agents.

9. Mechanisms of bacteriostatic and bactericidal action.

Antibiotics

Natural penicillins

Solutions, emulsions, infusions, decoctions, tinctures, mixtures and other methods of their administration:

enteral (orally and rectally),

parenteral (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, etc.),

external (instillation into the eyes, application to the skin and mucous membranes, use in the form of lotions, washing, etc.);

Solution.

Solution.Solutio(nom. p., singular part), solutionis (gen. p., singular part) - a homogeneous transparent liquid without sediment and turbidity, obtained by dissolving one or more medicinal substances in a solvent. The solvent most often used is:

1.water (distilled or boiled). A solution for external or internal use is usually prepared with distilled water (Aq. destil-lata), and for injection - with double distilled water (Aq. bidestillata), boiled water (Aq. cocta), and drinking clean tap water (Aq. fontana).

2. Ethyl alcohol (Spiritus aethylicus). Alcohol solutions are more stable than water solutions. They act locally (depending on the concentration as astringent, bactericidal) and generally (resorptive). Official alcohol concentrations are 40, 70, 90 and 95%. For intravenous administration, 20-33% ethyl alcohol is used, oral - 20, externally - 70% ethyl alcohol.

3. fixed oils, ethyl ether (Aether aethylicus), petroleum jelly (Oleum Vaselini), etc. Oil solutions are prescribed externally, internally, subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Solutions for injections are prepared with peach (Oleum Persicorum) or almond (Oleum Amygdalarum) oil, and for external use - with olive (Oleum Olivarum), sunflower (Oleum Helianthi), linseed (Oleum Lini), castor (Oleum Ricini) and other oils .

When a solvent is not specified in the recipe, water is used;

When the alcohol strength is not indicated, 90% alcohol is used.

Solutions are divided into three groups:

1 internal use,

2 for injection.

3 external use

Solutions for internalAPPLICATION. Administered orally through the mouth (per os) and rectally (per rectum) in enemas. Dosing of solutions is carried out: spoons, drops, graduated cups, glasses, bottles.

Solutions for internal use are prescribed in dosed doses in full or short form. In the full form, all components of the prescription are listed, indicating the amount of medicinal substance and solvent. In the signature, it is necessary to note how the substance is dosed (spoons, glasses, etc.) and the number of doses per day.

Rp.: Calcii chloridi 15.0

Aq. destillatae ad 150 ml

M.D.S. Internal. 1 tablespoon 3 times a day.

Abbreviated copybook form

Rp.: Solutionis Calcii chloridi 10% - 150 ml

Calculation. For 1 dose of calcium chloride, the calf needs 1.5 g, and for 10 - (1.5 10) = 15 g. It was decided to dose in tablespoons: 15 10 = 150 ml. Therefore, you need to take up to 150 ml of water.

When prescribing alcohol or oil solutions in short form, after the name of the drug, write the words “alcohol” or “oil” (Spirituosa seu oleosa).

Rp.: Solutionis Kalii iodidi spirituosae 4% - 150 ml

D.S. Internal. 1 tablespoon 3 times a day.

Liquids are administered into the rectum in the form of enemas. They can be cleansing or medicinal. The volume of cleaning liquid for large animals is up to 10 liters, for small animals - from 300 ml to 2 liters.

Medicinal enemas, the volume of liquid is small: for large animals - up to 1 liter, for small animals - 100...150 ml or less. Medicinal enemas are given after cleansing ones. If the drug is irritating, add mucilage (Mucilago) in an amount approximately 10 times the dose of the drug. The temperature of the medicinal enema should be within 38...40 °C. When prescribing them, you need to know: 1 dose of the medicinal substance per 1 administration,

2 volume 1 enema

3 number of injections (usually 1...2).

Rp.: Chlorali hydrati 30.0

Mucilaginis Amyj£

Aq. destillatae aa 300 ml

M.D.S. Rectal. For 1 introduction.

Starch mucilage is added to the recipe due to the fact that chloral hydrate has an irritating effect.

Solutions for injections. must be dosed accurately and prepared sterilely. Administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, etc. Parenterally - bypassing digestive tract drugs are administered using a syringe and needle.

Sterilization- this is the process of depollution of medicinal substances, utensils, auxiliary materials, instruments from microorganisms and their spores. There are several ways:

1 in the drying cabinet at 180 °C for 20-60 minutes or at 200 °C for 10...30 minutes;

2 in an autoclave at:

119-121 °C (0.1...0.11 MPa) for 8...15 min

110°C (0.05 MPa) - 30-60 min;

3 flowing steam in a steam sterilizer or autoclave at 100 °C for 30...60 minutes;

4. tyndalization (fractional) - daily heating once a day for 1 hour at 60...65 °C for 5 days

5. boiling in a water bath.

Medicinal substances that decompose at 100 °C are subjected to tindalization, and from those that decompose at 60 °C and below, solutions are prepared aseptically - only the bottle and solvent are sterilized, and various antiseptics are added to the solution (0.5% phenol, 0.3 % tricresol, etc.).

Parenteral administration Solutions are produced in bottles or ampoules. Sterile solutions in ampoules are prepared at the factory. When prescribing solutions in injection bottles, you need to know:

1 dose of medicinal substance

2 quantity (volume) of solution per injection,

3 number of injections.

They are written out in a divisional manner in expanded or abbreviated form. When prescribing injection solutions, it should be indicated that the solution must be prepared sterilely (sterilis, sterilisata, sterilisetur or pro injectionibus).

Potent and toxic medicinal substances are prescribed in such a way that 1 ml of solution for small animals or 3-5 ml of solution for large animals contains a single dose.

Example. To the dog. Galantamine hydrobromide at a dose of 0.001 g per 10 subcutaneous injections. With the dosed method, you need to take 0.01 g of the medicinal substance (0.001 10), and 1 ml of the solvent - distilled water. Therefore, for 10 injections you need 1 ml 10 = 10 ml.

Rp.: Galanthamini hydrobromidi 0.01

Aq. destillatae ad 10 ml

M.f. solutio sterilisata

D.S. Subcutaneous. 1 ml 2 times a day.

The abbreviated form is given as a percentage.

The first digit is the concentration of the solution (%),

the second is the total amount of solution (ml);

Calculation of solution concentration as a percentage:

1 ml of solution contains 0.001 g. substances, and in 100 ml:

x- 100, x = 0.001·100= 0,1%.

Rp.: Sol. Galanthamini hydrobromidi sterilisatae 0.1% - 10 ml

D.S. Subcutaneous. 1 ml 2 times a day.

Solutions for intravenous administration are prescribed in abbreviated words.

To the cow...

Rp.: Sol. Glucosi sterilisatae 10% - 50 ml

D.S. Intravenous.

Solutions in ampoules:

Rp.: Sol. Atropini sulfatis 0.1% - 1 ml

D.t. d. N. 5 in ampuliis

S. Subcutaneous. 1 ml 2 times a day.

When prescribing solutions in ampoules, the signature should include 1 ml, not 1 ampoule.

Solid preparations sensitive to atmospheric influences are also dispensed in ampoules. Solutions from them are prepared aseptically before use.

Rp.: Novarsenoli 0.3

D.t. d. N. 5 in ampuliis

S. Dissolve the contents of the ampoule in 5 ml of water for intravenous administration.

In such cases, the solvent should be prescribed at the same time in prescriptions or a separate prescription should be written for it.

Rp.: Aq. destillatae pro injectionibus 5 ml

D.t. d. N. 5 in ampuliis

S. For the preparation of novarsenol solution.

Solutions for external use. They are usually prescribed in large quantities. Used for disinfection of instruments, disinfection of premises and irrigation of body cavities. Solutions are prescribed in full or short form, the concentration of the drug substance is indicated in percentages or ratios.

Rp.: Solutionis Kalii permanganatis 1: 1000 -500 ml

D.S. For mouth irrigation.

Rp.: Chloramini B 1.0

Aq. destillatae ad 1200 ml

D.S. External.

Sometimes concentrated solutions are prescribed for external use, followed by dilution to the desired concentration before use. In this case, the signature must accurately indicate the volumes of the concentrated solution and solvent in order to obtain the desired dilution.

Rp.: Sol. Kalii permanganatis 5% - 100 ml

D. S. External. 20 ml per 1 liter of water to wash the wound.

Calculation. To wash the wound, the concentration of potassium permanganate should be 1: 1000, the volume per treatment is 1 liter. Calculation is carried out according to the formula

Required amount of solution, ml Required concentration, %

Available concentration, %

100 ml 0.1% _=20 ml

Therefore, to prepare 1 liter of potassium permanganate solution with a concentration of 1: 1000 (0.1%), you need to take 20 ml of a 5% solution.

Medicine. Mixtura(n.p., singular part), mixturae (gen. p., singular part) - a dosage form obtained by dissolving or mixing (mixtura - mixture) of medicinal substances in liquids. Medicinal substances included in the mixture can be solid or liquid, dissolve completely or form opalescent mixtures or suspensions.

Water, decoctions, infusions, mucus, emulsions and other liquids are used as solvents.

Rp.: Pulveris radicis Ipecacuanhae 5.0

Natrium hydrocarbonatis 20.0

Aq. destillatae ad 200 ml

M.D.S. Internal. For 1 appointment.

Shake before use.

Rp.: Sol. Natrii bromidi 5% - 50 ml

Tincturae Menthae piperitae 5 ml

Infusions.Infusum(n.p., singular part), infusi (gen. p., singular part) - a dosage form obtained by extracting the active principles from medicinal plants with water. They are prescribed to animals of all types internally, less often externally.

Infusions are prescribed in an abbreviated form in a non-dosed manner. When prescribing infusions you need to know:

dose of plant material for 1 dose,

number of receptions,

volume of infusion for 1 dose.

The first number in the recipe indicates the amount of plant material, the second - the volume of infusion. It is taken into account that the infusion, which includes non-poisonous plants, is prescribed in a ratio of 1: 10; from adonis herb, lily of the valley, ergot, valerian root and rhizome, senegia root - 1:30, and from poisonous plants (foxglove leaf, thermopsis herb) - 1:400.

Rp.: Infusi herbae Bursae pastoris 60.0 - 600 mi

D.S. Internal. 1 glass per 1 dose, 2 times a day.

Calculation. For 1 dose of grass for a cow shepherd's purse you need 20.0 g, for 3 doses - 60.0 g. The infusion is prepared in a ratio of 1:10, therefore, the total infusion will be 600 ml for 3 doses, or 1 glass for 1 dose.

Decoction.Decoctum(im. p., unit) - a dosage form obtained by extracting the active principles from plants with water. To prepare decoctions, roots, bark, rhizomes are used, less often - grass, leaves, seeds, flowers.

Decoctions are prescribed and used in the same way as infusions.

Rp.: Decocti corticis

Frangulae ex 30.0 - 400 ml

D.S. Internal. 1 glass per day.

Rp.: Decocti seminis Lini - 200 ml

M.D.S. Internal. For 1 appointment.

Emulsion.Emulsum(nominal item, unit part), emulsi (gen. item, unit part) - liquid dosage form, according to appearance resembling milk, is a mixture of water with substances undissolved in it: oils, resins, protein substances.

There are two types of emulsion:

1. true (seed)

2.false (oil).

True emulsions are obtained from the seeds and fruits of plants containing fatty oils. If the recipe does not indicate the number of seeds to prepare the emulsion, the pharmacist, guided by the pharmacopoeial rule, prepares it in a ratio of 1: 10, which is the official ratio.

When prescribing false emulsions, the recipe indicates its ingredients: vegetable oil, water, and to give them stability and obtain a homogeneous mass - an emulsifier. As the latter, protein substances, gum arabic, starch, gelatin, gelatin, agar, etc. are used, which contribute to the fragmentation of oil particles and prevent their gluing.

Emulsions are stable if the ratio of all components included in them is:

1 part oil

0.5 parts emulsifier

10 parts water.

All emulsions are prescribed in non-dose prescription form in short and long form. They are used internally, less often externally. Other medicinal substances can be added to the emulsion; in this case, the recipe ends with the expression M.D.S.

Rp.: Emulsi seminis Cannabis 200 ml

D.S. Internal. For 1 appointment.

Rp.: Olei Ricini 30 ml

Ag. coctae ad 300 ml

D.S. Internal. For 1 appointment.

Rp.: Seminis Cannabis 20.0

Aq. destillatae ad 200 ml

D.S. Internal. For 1 appointment.

Tincture.Tinctura(nom. p., singular part), tincturae (gen. p., singular part) an opaque liquid alcohol, alcohol-water or alcohol-ether extract of active principles from plant raw materials, obtained without heating and removing the extractant. It is prepared mainly in pharmaceutical factories. This is the official form. Prescribed internally or less often externally.

The tincture is prescribed in a short form in a divisional manner, indicating its quantity. Tinctures are prepared from non-potent medicinal raw materials in a ratio of 1:5, and from potent medicinal raw materials - 1:10.

Rp.: Tincturae Valerianae 40 ml

D.S. Internal. 20 drops 3 times a day.

Extracts.Extractum(nom. p., singular part), extracti (gen. p., singular part) - concentrated extracts of active principles from medicinal plants. Extracts are distinguished:

1. aquatic (Extracta aquosa),

2.alcohol (Extracta spirituosa)

3.ethereal (Extracta aetherea).

By consistency:

1. liquid (Extractum fluidum),

2. thick (Extractum spissum)

3. dry (Extractum siccum). Liquid extracts prepared in a ratio of 1:1 or 1:2.

To prescribe extracts you need to know:

dose for 1 dose

number of receptions.

Liquid extracts are prescribed in the same way as tinctures - officially and in small doses; dry - in the form of powders, tablets, suppositories, etc. The consistency of the extract should be indicated in the recipe.

Calf...

Rp.: Extracti Aloes fluidi 50 ml

D.S. Internal. 1 teaspoon 3 times a day.

Calculation. The dose of liquid aloe extract for a calf is 5 ml per dose (teaspoon). For 10 doses - 50 ml.

The extracts are stored in a well-sealed container, protected from light at room temperature.

Slime.Mucilago(n.p., singular part), mucilaginis (gen. p., singular part) - a thick viscous liquid obtained by dissolving or extracting mucous substances from plants with water, as well as by swelling of gum (Arabic, or Arabic).

Aerosols. Tiny droplets of liquid or solid particles suspended in a gaseous medium. Aerosols of solid particles formed by fragmentation are called dust, and those resulting from condensation are called fumes.

Soft dosage forms are thick mixtures that are most often used externally by rubbing. They are most often used to treat skin diseases, ruptured ligaments, muscles and some other diseases. Such medications are usually stored in vials, tubes, jars, etc.

Classification

Here are the main types of soft dosage forms:

• Ointments.
• Gels.
• Jelly.
• Creams.
• Liniments.
• Pastas.
• Plasters.
• Suppositories.

Let's look at all of them in more detail.

Ointments

Ointments are most often used externally - to affect the skin and mucous membranes (ocular, vaginal, urethral, ​​rectal). Ointments consist of a hydrophobic (oily, water-repellent) or hydrophilic (water) base and active ingredients, evenly distributed in the base. Sometimes the ointment contains active ingredients that are easily absorbed through the skin into the blood or lymph (for example, ointments containing nitroglycerin as an active ingredient). Some ointments are used as remedies against harmful effects acids or alkalis on the skin.

Depending on the consistency, ointments themselves are distinguished, as well as gels, jellies, creams, liniments and pastes.

All ointments (gels, jellies, creams, liniments, pastes) are stored in the original packaging, which ensures the stability of the active substance during the specified shelf life, in a cool place, protected from light, unless otherwise indicated in the instructions for the drug.

Gels

Gels are transparent ointments on a hydrophilic basis (derivatives of cellulose, gelatin, polymers of acrylic acid and other substances) with active ingredients distributed in it.

Gels are:

• for external use;
• ophthalmic;
• nasal (for the nose);
• dental;
• for internal use;
• rectal;
• vaginal.

Unlike ointments, gels are better absorbed, do not stain clothes and, most importantly, as a rule, release active ingredients more easily.

Currently, more and more soft dosage forms are produced in the form of gels (for example, alpizarin gel for the treatment of herpes, benzyl benzoate gel for the treatment of scabies, gel with chloramphenicol and methyluracil for wound healing, etc.).

Jelly

Transparent ointments on a hydrophilic basis for external use. Jelly has a more viscous consistency than gel and is applied to the skin in a thicker layer. Jelly is prescribed by a doctor infrequently, for specific diseases; only a few companies produce them.

Creams

Emulsion ointments, which contain a hydrophobic base, water and an emulsifier (a substance that promotes the penetration of active substances through the cell membrane).

Creams are less viscous in consistency than ointments; they are more often used in medicinal cosmetics ( antifungal creams Clotrimazole, Lamisil and Terbifin, herpes cream Zovirax, etc.).

Liniments

Ointments, which are a thick liquid or gelatinous mass, applied externally by rubbing into the skin (from the Latin linire - “to rub”), for example, streptocide liniment for the treatment of skin diseases, Vishnevsky liniment (anti-inflammatory), lidocaine liniment (used for pain relief in dentistry and pediatrics), etc.

The most common liniments are based on fats: vegetable oils (sunflower, flaxseed, etc.), lanolin, and sometimes lard and etc.

Pastes

Pastes are the most viscous of all ointments. The solids content in them exceeds 20%,

Most toothpastes are produced in this form, as well as, for example, Lassara paste, consisting of zinc oxide, etc.

Plasters

Dosage form for external use, providing therapeutic effect on the skin subcutaneous tissue, and in some cases - to the entire body. IN last years transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS) have been created that have the property not only of adhering to the skin, but also of carrying medications (most often cardiovascular, lowering) through the skin barrier. arterial pressure, painkillers, sleeping pills). The advantage of TTS is that the entire dose of the active substance is outside the human body, and the patient himself can regulate it by removing a strip of patch from the skin or reducing its area.

Plasters are produced in the form of a plastic mass (corn plaster), on a special substrate (adhesive plaster, pepper patch) and without it, as well as in the form of a pad with active ingredients attached to an adhesive tape (pepper patch with extract capsicum, arnica and belladonna).

Plasters without active ingredients in the form of adhesive tape (adhesive plasters) are used to fix bandages and for other purposes.

Store the patches in a dry place, protected from light, unless otherwise indicated in the instructions.

Suppositories

Suppositories are dosed soft dosage forms that melt or dissolve at body temperature.

There are suppositories:

• rectal (for insertion into the rectum);
• vaginal (for insertion into the vagina);
• urethral (for insertion into the urethra);
• sticks (for insertion into the vagina and urethra).

The rectal suppository (maximum diameter 1.5 cm) may be a cone or have another shape.

The weight of one suppository for adults is 1-4 g. If the weight is not indicated, then it is 3 g. The weight of the suppository for children is 0.5-1.5 g.

Vaginal suppositories can be spherical (balls), ovoid (ovules) or flat with a rounded end (pessaries). Their weight is 1.5-6 g. If the weight of the vaginal suppository is not indicated, then it is not less than 4 g.

Sticks (candles) - have the shape of a cylinder with a pointed end and a diameter of no more than 1 cm. The mass of the stick is 0.5-1 g.

Suppositories packed in paraffin paper, cellophane, foil or plastic cases are stored in a cool, dry place.

Preferanskaya Nina Germanovna

Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, First Moscow State Medical University named after. THEM. Sechenova, Ph.D.

Solution (Solutio)- a liquid dosage form obtained by dissolving one or more medicinal substances (solid, liquid or gaseous, low molecular weight or high molecular weight) in an appropriate solvent (Aqua purificato, spiritus aethylicus, etc.). The process of obtaining solutions is accelerated by using preliminary grinding of medicinal substances or by stirring or heating. Pharmacies often use standard concentrates (specially made concentrated solution, placed in a burette system). Solutions are intended: for internal, parenteral or external use. Depending on the nature of the dispersion medium, they can be manufactured using purified water, an organic solvent (ethanol, glycerin, oil) or viscous dispersion media (for example, polyorganosiloxane liquids). Solutions are dosed by weight, volume or mass-volume concentration.

Drops (Guttae)- liquid dosage form dosed in drops. They use aqueous, oily, alcoholic solutions, the finest suspensions or emulsions of medicinal substances. They can be for enteral (internal) and parenteral use (eye drops, nose drops, ear drops). Drops are prescribed in small volumes from 3 ml to 30-50 ml.

Potion (mixtura,from lat.mixtus - mixed)-This liquid dosage form for internal use, dosed in tablespoons, dessert spoons or teaspoons. Potions - complex liquids for internal use, in which the dispersion medium is purified water . E then combined dispersion systems are written out in expanded form, i.e. The recipe lists all the ingredients included in the mixture and their quantities. The word “potion” is not indicated in the recipe. A feature of medicines for internal use is the indication of doses of medicinal substances per dose and the number of doses.

Dosage forms for injections are manufactured mainly by the pharmaceutical industry in the form of ampoules and vials. They are characterized by sterility, pyrogen-free (do not cause an increase in the patient’s body temperature); stability, absence of mechanical impurities and, in some cases, isotonicity (certain osmolarity). Solutions dispensed by injection are administered using a syringe and, depending on the injection site, are distinguished: subcutaneous, spinal, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intravenous and other injections. Intravenous injection infusions have been used since 1690. The first syringe of a modern design with a thin needle for piercing the skin was independently created by the Scot Alexander Wood and the Frenchman from Lyon Charles Gabriel Pravaz. A patent for a disposable syringe was received by Arthur Smith in 1850. In 1851, a Russian doctor at the Vladikavkaz military hospital, Lazarev, was the first to use subcutaneous injection using a silver tip extended into a needle. Currently, syringe ampoule, penfill, subcutaneous injector and other devices are used.

Infusions (Infusa)-water extracts from parts of plants: leaves, flowers and grass.

Decoctions (Decocta)- aqueous extracts from bark, rhizomes, roots; from leathery leaves (for example, from bearberry).

Infusions and decoctions contain, in addition to biologically active substances, impurities, or so-called ballast substances: sugar, mucus, bitterness, tannin, pigments, etc. Infusions and decoctions are prepared in pharmacies ex temporae, because they quickly decompose and lose their specific activity. Store in a cool place for no more than 4 days!

Slime- dosage forms of high viscosity, as well as those prepared using starch from an aqueous extract of plant materials.

Suspensions(suspensions) - systems in which a solid substance is suspended in liquid medium, particle size ranges from 0.1 to 10 microns. There are suspensions: inside, for local application, external use, inhalation, injection, intradermal.

Emulsions- dosage forms formed by liquids insoluble in each other. Emulsions are available: for external, injection, intravaginal, nasal use, for intramuscular administration, orally, for inhalation and infusion.

Ethanol solutions are manufactured in volumetric or mass-volume concentrations, where the solvent is spiritus aethylicus different concentrations.

Tinctures -Tinctura, alcoholic, aqueous-alcoholic or alcohol-etheric transparent extracts from medicinal plant materials, obtained without heating and removing the extracts, are a stable dosage form. All tinctures are official, i.e. the concentration of each tincture is determined by the State Pharmacopoeia and is prepared in the factory.

Extracts (extracta)- concentrated extracts from medicinal plant materials; distinguish between liquid, thick, dry and other types . All extracts are official and factory produced. Liquid extracts are dosed in drops. Thick and dry extracts are prepared in powders, tablets and other dosage forms. Extracts for oral administration are liquid, oil for external (local) use. The dry extract is usually dosed in tablets.

Balms (Balsam) There are several types: for oral use, for external use, external, for joints, for the body, feet, lips, as well as conditioning balm.

Elixir -for external and oral administration, oral, dental, for children. Breast elixir, Phytoimmunal, Cliofit, Bronchicum, etc. are produced in the form of an elixir.

Medicinal syrup- a solution of a medicinal substance in a thick sugar solution. Syrups are for children and homeopathic. Many children's medicines are prepared in the form of syrup, because... It's easy to dose and covers well bad taste, for example, 2.4% paracetamol syrup for children in bottles of 50 and 100 ml or 0.8% butamirate syrup in bottles of 200 ml.

Soft dosage forms

Soft dosage forms are thick mixtures, often for external use, these include: ointments, gels, creams, pastes, liniments, suppositories, etc.

Ointments (unguenta)- dosage forms of soft consistency for external use. When the ointment contains a powdery substance of more than 25%, the ointment is called Pastas. Ointments are in non-dosed dosage forms; in prescriptions they are prescribed in total quantities. Only in exceptional cases, when substances with a pronounced resorptive effect are prescribed in ointments, are ointments prescribed divided into doses. There are simple and complex ointments, consisting of one or more active ingredients, respectively. Currently, most ointments are produced by the pharmaceutical industry in finished form, they are prepared according to official recipes, without indicating the composition and concentration of medicinal substances.

Liquid ointment for rubbing from soap and ammonia with camphor is called Opodeldok, Opodeldoks are produced - oral, homeopathic, external. Liquid opodeldocs are a type of liniments.

Liniments- thick liquids or gelatinous masses. Balsamic liniment is produced according to A.V. Vishnevsky for the treatment of burns, wounds, ulcers or liniment to soften the skin.

Suppositories (Suppositoria)- dosage dosage forms, solid at room temperature and melting at body temperature, intended for administration into body cavities (rectal, vaginal). Suppositories can be shaped like a ball, cone, cylinder, cigar, etc. There are rectal (suppositories) - suppositori and rectalia, vaginal - suppositori and vaginalia, urethral and sticks - bacilli. Vaginal suppositories can be spherical in shape (balls - globuli), ovoid (ovula), urethral - in the form of a flat body with a rounded end (pessaries - pessaria) or in the form of a vaginal or rectal cone. In suppositories, medicinal substances are used for both local and resorptive effects, and are dosed for both adults and children. In rectal suppositories containing toxic and potent substances, the same rules about higher doses, as well as for dosage forms used internally. Suppositories are prepared on different bases - cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, homeopathic. Most of the suppositories used are factory-made.

Pills- dosage dosage form in the form of a ball weighing from 0.1 to 0.5 g, prepared from a homogeneous plastic mass containing drugs and excipients. Currently, they are practically not prepared or used. A pill weighing more than 0.5 g is called Bolus. Currently, the only Chinese-made drug “Huato Boluses” is produced, which is used internally for correction cerebral circulation age and vascular origin, treatment and rehabilitation after stroke.

Different dosage forms

Aerosols (Aerosola)- a dosage form in a special package in which solid or liquid medicines are contained in a gas or gaseous substance. High bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness of medicinal substances is achieved when they are sprayed in the form of highly dispersed systems. Aerosol packaging involves placing the medicine in a special container equipped with a spray head and a valve device. A propellant gas is added inside the aerosol can. In addition, there are special inhalers for spraying highly dispersed powdered medications. Aerosol preparations include: “Efatin”, “Camphomen”, “Beclomet”, “Troventol”, “Ingalipt”, “Levovinisol”, “Proposol”, etc.

Aerosol for inhalation, dosed, for local and external use, nasal, sublingual dosed. Spray for local and external use, dosed, nasal, for children, sublingual, sublingual.

Plasters- dosage form for external use in the form of a plastic mass that has the ability to adhere to the skin after softening at body temperature. The patches are available in the form of t transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS), for example, the drugs “Durogesic”, “Nitropercutan TTS”, “Nitroderm TTS 5”, “Nitroderm TTS 10”, “Extraderm TTS 25 (50 and 100)”, “Nicotinell TTS10 (20 and 30)”.

Intrauterine therapy system(IUD) combines the advantages of the two most reliable methods of contraception - hormonal and intrauterine and at the same time eliminates their disadvantages. This unique method of long-term contraception was created by the Finnish scientist Tapani Lukkainen in 1970. The IUD is available in sterile packaging under the trade name “Mirena”, which is opened only immediately before its installation. The IUD is T-shaped, in its vertical part there is a miniature cylindrical capsule, it contains synthetic analogue the female sex hormone progesterone (levonorgestrel), responsible for menstruation and pregnancy. After introduction into the uterine cavity, levonorgestrel is released in microportions through a special membrane for 5 years, the release rate is initially 20 mcg/day, and after 5 years it decreases to 10 mcg/day. This is a reliable and safe method that protects a woman from unwanted pregnancy.

Sachet(from Latin saccus - bag, bag; French sachet - bag, bag) is a package that is a flat four-seam bag or pouch. The drug "Maalox" 15 ml, 8 and 55% gel "Phospholugel" 16 g for oral administration are available in sachet form.

Medicinal films- dosage form in the form of a polymer film. We produce eye films used in ophthalmological practice, as well as gum films and dental films.

Eye films (Membranulae ophthalmicae) compared to eye drops, make it possible to dose more accurately and maintain therapeutic concentrations of substances for a long time (24 hours), maintaining sterility and stability, without causing irritation of the conjunctiva. Currently in medical practice use eye films containing pilocarpine hydrochloride (Membranulae ophthalmicae cum Pilocarpini hydrochlorido), atropine sulfate (cum Atropini sulfate), florenal (cum Florenalo), sulfapyridazine-sodium (cum Sulfapyridazino-natrio), neomycin sulfate (cum Neomycini sulfate), dicaine (cum Dicaino) and other substances.

Medicinal pencils medical ( Lapis)- cylindrical sticks 4-8 mm thick and up to 10 cm long with a pointed or rounded end. A “Medical Pencil” for cauterization and a pencil for inhalation are produced.

On the pharmaceutical market there are such modern dosage forms as Chewing gumMeryK fruity or mint Candy sucking, plate diagnostic and for external use (sticky), Medical glue for external use; Lotions; Poultices; Washings, Teas and etc.

The same medicinal product It is produced in different dosage forms and is used for various indications. The task of the doctor, patient and pharmacist is to choose the correct dosage form that provides therapeutic concentration in the blood or diseased organ, rapid maximum pharmacological effect and achieve the desired result.

Soft dosage forms include ointments, pastes, creams, suppositories and patches.

Ointments –Unguenta.

Name singular - Unguentum.

Rod.p. singular - Unguenti.

Ointment- a soft dosage form for external use with a viscous consistency. Consists of one or more medicinal substances (basis) and formative substances (ointment base) (constituens). Vaseline, lanolin, and pork fat are most often used as an ointment base.

Vaseline (Vaselinum)- a product of oil refining. It is almost not absorbed from the surface of the skin, so it is used to prepare ointments that act on the surface of the skin.

Lanolin (Lanolinum)- a fat-like substance obtained from the rinsing waters of sheep wool. Penetrates easily through the skin and is well preserved. In pharmaceutical practice, anhydrous lanolin (Lanolinum anhydricum) or aqueous lanolin (L. hydricum) is used.

Pork fat (Adeps suillus). Well absorbed through the skin. It is unstable during storage and quickly goes rancid, so ointments prepared on this basis are unsuitable for long-term storage.

In addition to Vaseline, lanolin and pork fat To prepare ointments, Vaseline oil (Oleum Vaselini), paraffin wax (Paraffinum durum), beeswax, and spermaceti are used.

There are simple and complex ointments. Simple ointment consists of one medicinal and one formative substance. A complex ointment includes more than two ingredients.

Ointments are prescribed in two ways: in the form of an abbreviated or expanded prescription.

Abbreviated form of copybook used when prescribing official ointments produced by the pharmaceutical industry in finished form. In this case, the prescription begins by indicating the dosage form in the genitive case, then indicates the medicinal substance, its percentage concentration (if the ointment is produced with different contents of the medicinal substance) and the total amount of ointment.

Recipe examples:

Prescribe 30.0 g of official zinc ointment(Unguentum Zinci). For application to affected areas of the skin.

Rp.: Unguenti Zinci 30.0

Prescribe 60.0 g of ointment containing 10% streptocidum (Streptocidum). Apply to affected areas of skin.

Rp.: Unguenti Streptocidi 10% - 60.0

D.S. Apply to affected areas of the skin.

Expanded copybook used for prescribing magistral ointments in prescriptions. In this case, all ingredients are listed: the medicinal substance (one or more) and the ointment base, indicating their quantity in units of weight. The recipe ends with the prescription M.f. unguentum (Misce ut fiat unguentum. - Mix to make an ointment). If the ointment base is not specified in the recipe for the main ointment, the ointment is prepared with Vaseline. All complex ointments that are prepared on other ointment bases are prescribed only in expanded form. For eye ointments use a base consisting of 10 parts anhydrous lanolin and 90 parts petroleum jelly.

Recipe examples:

Prescribe 50.0 g of ointment containing 10% dermatolum (Dermatolum). For application to the wound surface.

Rp.: Dermatoli 5.0

Vaselini ad 50.0

Prescribe 30.0 g of ointment containing 10,000 units of erythromycin (Erythromycinum) per gram. For application to affected areas of the skin.

Rp.: Erythromycini 300000 ED

Vaselini ad 30.0

D.S. Apply to affected areas of skin.

Prescribe 30.0 g of ointment containing vaseline and lanolin in equal parts, containing 10% tannin (Tanninum). For lubricating affected areas of the skin.

Rp.: Tannini 3.0

Lanolini ad 30.0

D.S. Apply to affected areas of skin.

Prescribe 10.0 g of ointment containing 20% ​​sulfacylum-natrium. Under the eyelid 3 times a day

Rp.: Sulfacylum-natrii 2.0

Vaselini ad 10.0

D.S. Under the eyelid 3 times a day.

Pastes –Pastae.

Name units – Pasta.

Rod.p. units – Pasta.

Pasta – a thick, doughy consistency ointment containing from 25 to 60% powdery substances. Due to the high content of powdery substances, pastes have pronounced drying and adsorbing properties, and therefore they are most often used to treat weeping wound surfaces. There are main and official recipes for pastes.

Official pastes prescribed only in an abbreviated manner indicating the medicinal substance and its total amount (paste complex composition– by the author’s surname or indicating the commercial name).

Trunk pastes written out in expanded form indicating all ingredients and their weight quantities. If the content of the powdery substance in the paste is less than 25%, one of the indifferent powders, such as starch (Amylum), zinc oxide (Zinci oxydum), White clay(Bolus alba). Vaseline or lanolin are used as an ointment base for pastes, and glycerin is used in dentistry. The recipe ends with the prescription M.f. pasta (Misce ut fiat pasta. - Mix to make a paste).

Recipe examples:

An example of a main copy:

Prescribe 100.0 g of paste containing 5% streptocidum. Apply to affected areas of skin.

Rp.: Streptocidi 5.0

Vaselini ad 100.0

D.S. Apply to affected areas of skin.

In the given task, the thickness of the paste was not indicated, so an arbitrary value of indifferent powder (starch) was taken - 20%. If the task specifies a certain density, then you should calculate the amount of indifferent powder required to obtain a paste of the required consistency.

Prescribe 50.0 g of paste containing 10% novocaine - Novocainum- (paste thickness 50%). Apply to the wound.

Rp.: Novocaini 5.0

Vaselini ad 50.0

D.S. Apply to the wound.

An example of an official copy:

Prescribe: 50.0 g of official zinc-salicylas (Zincum salicylas) paste. Apply to the wound surface.

Rp.: Pastae Zinci salicylatis 50.0

D.S. Apply to the wound surface.

An example of a paste recipe for dentists:

Prescribe 10.0 g of paste containing 75% strontium chloride (Strontii chloridum). Rub into hard tissues tooth

Rp.: Strontii chloridi 7.5

Glycerini ad 10 ml

D.S. Rub into hard tooth tissues.

Suppositories- Suppositoria

Name units - Suppositorium

Vin.p. units – Suppositorium

Vin.p. plural – Suppositoria

Suppositories- dosage form that is solid at room temperature and melts at body temperature. There are rectal suppositories (suppositories) - Suppositorium rectale, intended for insertion into the rectum, and vaginal - Suppositorium vaginale - for insertion into the vagina. They consist of one or more medicinal substances (base substance) and a base. Cocoa butter (Oleum Cacao) and other auxiliary substances and their alloys are used as a base. Weight rectal suppositories ranges from 1.1 g to 4.0 g, vaginal suppositories 1.5 g-6.0 g. If the doctor does not indicate their weight, then rectal suppositories are made weighing 3.0 g, and vaginal ones - 4.0 g.

Suppositories, which are prepared in pharmacies according to main prescriptions, are prescribed in expanded form.

There are several options for prescribing suppositories.

1st option provides for a listing of all ingredients indicating their single doses. The following is the recommendation of M.f. suppositorium rectale (vaginale) (Mix to make a suppository) and instructions are given on the number of suppositories D.t.d. N....(Give such doses in number...). If the amount of formative substance is not indicated, write q.s. (quantum satis - as much as needed).

Example recipe:

2nd option. If the medicinal substance and base are used for all prescribed suppositories, then the prescription contains an indication - M.f. suppositoria rectalia (vaginalia) N. ... (Mix, get suppositories in number ...). The recipe ends - D.S.

Example recipe:

Write out 10 rectal suppositories, containing 1 decigram of promedol (Promedolum). Prescribe 1 suppository per rectum.

Rp.: Promedoli 1.0

M.f. suppositoria rectalia N.10

D.S. 1 suppository per rectum

Rp.: Promedoli 1.0

ut f. suppositoria rectalia N.10

Suppositories (candles) produced by the pharmaceutical industry are prescribed in an abbreviated form. In this case, the prescription begins with the name of the dosage form - Suppositorium (vin. p. singular), then follows the preposition "cum" (s), the name of the medicinal substance (vint. p. singular) and its dose. The prescription ends with the prescription - D.t.d. N. ... and signature.

Example recipe:

Prescribe 10 rectal suppositories containing 0.1 g of anesthesin (Anaesthezinum). Prescribe 1 suppository for pain in the rectum.

Rp.: Suppositorium cum Anaesthezino 0.1

S. 1 suppository per rectum.

In cases where official suppositories of complex composition have a commercial name, when prescribing, only their name and quantity are indicated.

Example recipe:

Prescribe 10 rectal suppositories "Bethyolum" Prescribe 1 suppository per rectum.

Rp: Suppositoria "Bethyolum" N.10

D.S. 1 suppository per rectum.

ASSIGNMENTS FOR INDEPENDENT PREPARATION

Write out:

1. 50.0 g of ointment containing 10% streptocidum (Streptocidum). For application to affected areas of the skin.

2. 30.0 g of ointment containing 10,000 units of erythromycin (Erythromycinum) per gram. For application to affected areas of the skin.

3. 30.0 g of ointment containing 10% dermatolum (Dermatolum). For application to the wound surface.

4. 50.0 g of official zinc ointment (Unguentum Zinci). For application to skin.

5. 5.0 g of ointment containing 5% etazol (Aethazolum). Eye ointment.

6. 50.0 g of ointment based on petroleum jelly and lanolin (equal parts), containing 10% tannin. (Tanninum). For lubricating affected areas of the skin.

7. 50.0 g of paste based on petroleum jelly and lanolin (equal parts), containing 5% anesthesin (Anaesthezinum). For application to affected areas of the skin.

8. 50.0 g of Vaseline paste containing 2% salicylic acid (Acidum Acethylsalicylicum), 25% zinc oxide (Zincum oxydum) and 25% starch (Amylum). For application to affected areas of the skin.

9. 50.0 g of naphthalan ointment paste containing 8% ichthyol (Ichthyolum). For application to affected areas of the skin.

10. 25.0 g of official zinc paste (Pasta Zinci). For application to affected areas of the skin.

11. 10 rectal suppositories containing 5 decigrams of anesthesin (Anaesthezinum). 1 suppository into the rectum 1 time per day.

12. 10 official suppositories containing 50 milligrams of indomethacin (Indometacinum). 1 suppository into the rectum 2 times a day.

13. 10 official suppositories "Bethiol" ("Bethyolum"). 1 suppository into the rectum 1 time per day.

14. 6 rectal suppositories containing 50 milligrams of barbital sodium (Barbitalum-natrii). One suppository into the rectum at night.

15. 12 rectal suppositories containing 1 decigram of digitalis leaf powder (Pulvis folii Digitalis). One suppository into the rectum 3 times a day.

16. 6 rectal suppositories containing 10 milligrams of dry belladonna extract (Extractum Belladonnae siccum) and 12 milligrams of Omnoponum. 1 suppository into the rectum at night.

17. 12 vaginal suppositories, containing 30 milligrams of quinosol (Chinozolum) and 1 decigram of boric acid (Acidum boricum). 1 suppository into the vagina 1 time per day.

18. 6 vaginal suppositories containing 25 centigrams of aminoacrichinum. 1 suppository in the vagina 1 time every 2 days.

19. 10 vaginal suppositories containing 25 centigrams each of Osarsolum and boric acid (Acidum boricum). 1 suppository in the vagina at night.

20. 10 official vaginal suppositories “Osarcidum”. 1 suppository in the vagina at night.