Speech therapy classes and exercises: developing the child’s correct speech. Exercises with special literature. Finger game "Centipedes"

Improving a child’s speech at home

When a child begins to make his first sounds, we are touched, it seems so funny and amusing to us. But if you hear such speech from an adult, then this admiration will disappear. But the ability to speak correctly needs to be developed in early childhood, and if this is not done, in the future a person will not be able to fully communicate with other people, his speech will be distorted, ugly and incomprehensible. And if your child is already experiencing difficulties in pronouncing any sounds, conduct speech therapy classes and exercises with him - they perfectly develop the articulatory apparatus, improve speech, and teach children to correctly express their thoughts.

Ideally, by the age of 4-5 years, children master clear pronunciation of all sounds. For various reasons, the process of developing correct sound pronunciation slows down for many preschool children.

Defects in sound pronunciation will not disappear on their own; to eliminate them, systematic exercises with a speech therapist, as well as joint classes with parents, are necessary. A properly structured training system is your main assistant. In this article we will reveal for you several simple techniques and exercises, by doing which your child will learn correct pronunciation

Where to start speech therapy exercises? The structure of a well-constructed lesson.

After a thorough diagnosis of the child’s speech, you can begin classes aimed at correcting it. It is worth noting that as a result of a speech examination, the specialist receives information concerning not only his speech development, but also his intellectual and psychomotor development.

A competent specialist uses this data to influence the child using the most developed resources of the child himself, based on what is interesting to the child. He will offer you the most optimal scheme for constructing a speech therapy lesson.

Remember that at this age 15-20 minutes is enough; material given in excess of the norm will not bring results and will not be absorbed in full. Also understand that play is the main activity at 4-5 years old, so the process of correcting sound pronunciation is built in a playful form.

Types of speech therapy classes for children

Speech development classes may consist of:

• finger games;
• articulatory gymnastics;
• games for onomatopoeia, hearing development, logorhythmics (poetry with movements);
• poems for replenishing vocabulary, speech development.

Speech therapy classes should be conducted daily. The most difficult thing about them is to be able to interest the child. Therefore, it is not at all necessary that such classes be conducted like lessons at school, where students humbly sit at their desks and the teacher explains a new topic in a monotone voice. For kids, such activities are akin to torture. Turn on your imagination: let your baby learn with you, playing on the rug, sitting on a pillow, hiding in his hut, jumping or running... The main thing is the final result. Build your lessons in a playful way - this way your child will remember the material better and won’t get tired at all.

In addition, when arranging speech therapy classes with your child at home, you should:

1. Start classes with 2-3 minutes, gradually increasing their duration to 15-20 minutes.
2. Make classes interesting so that the child has a desire to study. Never force your child to do exercises - you will get the opposite result.
3. Perform tasks more often, but let them be short-term.
4. Treat your child’s failures easily, without shouting, with understanding. Analyze each situation together, for example, look for the reason why the child has such a naughty tongue, and how to fix it.

Now let's look at each of the types of speech therapy games listed above.

Finger games

Through finger games, a child's fine motor skills develop. How does this help speech development? Scientists have found that there is a close relationship between the human hand and the part of the brain that is responsible for speech. Therefore, by learning texts using finger exercises, the child develops spatial thinking, imagination, reaction speed, attention and emotional expressiveness. Memorizing texts occurs faster, and speech becomes more expressive.

The effectiveness of finger games is achieved if you work with your child daily, devoting only 5 minutes to such exercises. Let's look at a few examples of finger games.

1. "Flower". Fingers pointing up, gathered together. We make a bud from half-bent palms, pressing them together. We begin to pronounce the quatrain, performing movements on every second line:

   The sun is rising -

   The bud is blooming! (spread the fingers of both hands to the sides, keeping the lower part of the palms together)

   The sun is setting -

   The flower goes to bed! (return to the starting position).

2. "Kitty." Place your palms on the table and clench them into fists. To the words “Fist - palm. “I’m walking like a cat,” we simultaneously straighten our fingers, without lifting the handles from the surface of the table, and squeeze them. To complicate the exercise, unclench your palms alternately on the count of “one, two.” You need to repeat the exercise 3-5 times.
3. "The bird is flying." Cross your arms with your palms in front of you. Interlace your thumbs together to imitate the head of a bird. The remaining fingers are wings that will need to be flapped without separating the fingers.

   The birds have flown (flapping their wings)

   We sat down and sat, (press our palms to our chests)

4. "Maple". This game is suitable for children 3 years of age. All movements are performed in accordance with the text of the poem:

   The wind quietly shakes the maple tree, (spread your fingers and pull them up)

   Tilts to the right, to the left: (swing your palms to the right and left)

   One – tilt and two – tilt, (tilt your palms as low as possible in the indicated directions)

   The maple leaves rustled. (we move our fingers quickly)

5. "Cake". We perform movements according to the text of a poetic work.

   We remember the dough with our hands (squeeze and unclench your fingers several times)

   We will bake a sweet cake. (think imaginary dough)

   Lubricate the middle with jam (make circular movements with your palms on the table surface)

   And the top with delicious cream (with three palms touching each other in a circular motion)

   And coconut crumbs

   We will decorate the cake a little (we imitate the action with both hands)

   And then we’ll make tea -

   Invite a friend to visit! (we shake our left hand with our right hand).

6. "Winter". Suitable for children 4-7 years old.

   One, two, three, four, five, (fingers bend one at a time)

   We went out into the yard for a walk.

   We sculpted a snow grandmother (we perform the movement of sculpting snow balls)

   The birds were fed grains (we throw grains, rubbing our fingers together)

   After we rode down the hill, (we run the palm of our right hand over our left palm)

   They were happily lying around in the snow. (we alternately place the pens on the table surface, either with our palms or with our backs)

   We came home in the snow, (shake off the snow from our palms)

   We ate borscht and went to bed. (we make movements with a spoon and pretend to be asleep by folding our hands, palms to palms, and placing them under our cheeks)

Finger games can be used as physical education during speech therapy classes. They help to change the type of activity without losing children's attention and desire to learn. In addition, it is interesting, fun and useful. The main thing is to tell the poems with exciting expression and clearly show the movements.

In addition, finger games help:

• develop coordination of movements of both arms of the child;
• combine the child’s speech and physical activities, use them simultaneously;
• develop precise and differentiated movements of children’s fingers and hands;
• learn to repeat the movements of adults;
• become more attentive, develop visual perception;
• improve memory, imagination, perseverance.

Finger games need to be done systematically. Classes are possible with one child or with a group of children. However, it is important to take into account the age of the children, their mood, readiness for classes, desire and opportunity.

Articulation gymnastics

You can find the presentation and musical accompaniment for articulatory gymnastics on this page.

Articulatory gymnastics is necessary for correct sound pronunciation, strengthening the muscles of the face, tongue, lips, and soft palate. There are many exercises, a specialist will help you choose the most suitable ones for your sounds.

Tasks are divided into static and dynamic. Each has a name that your baby can easily remember, which will make it much easier to understand the instructions during class. Using a little imagination, you can go on fabulous trips with your child, where the main character will be the child’s tongue. There are many variations, it all depends on you. Below are the same exercises; after reading the descriptions, you will understand that they are not complicated and do not require additional knowledge from you (parents).

Articulatory gymnastics is a group of exercises for the tongue and lips. They are the main ones in the process of sound pronunciation. If the tongue is not developed enough, a person will not be able to pronounce sounds, which means that his speech will be incomprehensible or not clear enough.

They perform articulatory gymnastics in front of a mirror - this way you can see the correct movements of the tongue and lips during exercise. It is very important for children to see how his tongue and lips move, how and where they are located. This way, understanding of their correct location quickly comes, on which the effectiveness of articulatory gymnastics depends. Speech therapists recommend doing the exercises twice a day for 5-7 minutes. As a result, your child will receive correct and clear speech.

Let's look at a few simple but effective exercises.

1. "Smile." Stretch your lips strongly in a smile, but your teeth should not be visible. Hold a smile for 30 seconds.
2. "Fence". Smile hard so that your teeth are visible, hold the smile.
3. “Let’s punish the naughty tongue.” Open your mouth slightly, place your tongue on your lower lip and, slapping it with your lips, pronounce “five-five-five...”.
4. "Tube". Open your mouth, stick out your tongue and try to bend its side edges upward in the form of a tube, hold it in this position for 30 seconds.
5. “Let’s lick the jam.” Slowly, without lifting the tongue, first lick the upper lip from corner to corner, then repeat the procedure with the lower lip.
6. “The clock is tick-tock.” Make a smile, open your mouth slightly, then use the tip of your tongue to touch the corners of your mouth one by one.
7. “Brushing our teeth.” Smile, open your mouth slightly, then with the tip of your tongue, pressing it hard enough, brush the inside of the teeth of the lower row (7-10 times). Repeat the same exercise with the teeth of the upper row (7-10 times).
8. "Swing". Smile and open your mouth wide. Then lower the tip of the tongue behind the bottom row of teeth by “one”, and lift it by the top row by “two”. Repeat – 4-5 times.
9. "Snake". Open your mouth, stick out the narrow part of your tongue from your mouth and quickly hide it back. Touching teeth and lips is prohibited.
10. "Rent a pencil." Place a pencil on the table in front of the child. Ask him to smile, place the wide front part of the tongue on the lower lip and, slowly (exhaling air), blow on the pencil so that it rolls along the surface.

In addition to articulatory gymnastics, exercises are used aimed at developing the voice, breathing, and speech hearing. In this complex, classes will allow the child to develop correct sound pronunciation.

Logorhythmics, hearing development and onomatopoeia

Phonemic hearing (also called speech hearing) is the ability to distinguish, understand and produce sounds. With insufficient development of speech hearing, the perception of what is heard is distorted, and accordingly, speech is produced incorrectly and unclearly. To correct or prevent the development of this problem, the following exercises are performed with children:

1. “Ears-hearing” is a game for developing hearing. The goal is to improve auditory attention and strengthen the ability to distinguish sounds. The adult shows the child several different objects that can make sounds - spoons, drums, glasses, rattles, maracas, etc. Together with your baby, you need to listen to how objects sound. Then the adult asks the child to turn away and guess what object will sound behind him.
2. “Where is it ringing?” - exercise for hearing development. To play you will need a bell and a spacious room. The child stands with his eyes closed, while the adult quietly moves around the room, ringing the bell in different places. The child’s task is to point with his hand where the bell rang without turning around.
3. Onomatopoeia games: in principle, any children’s story-based picture is suitable for this exercise. For example, in the picture a girl is rocking a doll: “Oksana puts the doll Masha to sleep and says ah-ah. Let's help her together! A-ah-ah!” Help your child, use movements that imitate rocking a baby, control your baby’s articulation.
4. Exercises to imitate the voices of birds and animals. To make such games more interesting, it is recommended to use pictures or figures of animals and their babies as visual material. For example, the game "Komarik". For this you will need an image of a mosquito. The adult says: “Meet this mosquito’s name Stepan. When he flies, he likes to sing the song z-z-z. Can you sing this song? Let's try it together with Stepan! Z-z-z.” Then we invite the child to catch the “mosquito” in his fist and listen to his song. We grab the air with our fist, bring it to our ear and pronounce: z-z-z. Next, we invite the child to also catch the “mosquito” and listen to its song. You can imitate everyday noises: scissors cutting - chick-chick, water dripping - drip-drip, etc.
5. Logorhythmics are speech therapy exercises that combine movements, speech and music. Children really like this type of activity - they find it fun and interesting. First, the adult reads the poem and shows the movements, all of which is accompanied by skillfully selected music. Then the children repeat everything themselves or with an adult - it couldn’t be simpler. The main thing is to prepare thoroughly in advance. For example, the game "Walk".

   Along a narrow path (we walk in place)

   Our legs walked (we walk, raising our legs high)

   Over the pebbles, over the pebbles (we slowly shift from foot to foot)

   And into the hole... bang! (jump and sit on the floor)

Poems for replenishing vocabulary, speech development

You can download poems and exercises for them.

Tongue twisters - these are small rhyming phrases - are great for speech development. With their help, speech becomes clear and correctly correct, they increase the child’s vocabulary, improve speech hearing, and improve diction.

The beavers go into the cheese forests,

Beavers are kind, beavers are kind.

Dali along with curdled milk

Our Klasha porridge.

Ate-ate porridge Klasha

Along with curdled milk.

Six little mice rustle in the reeds.

Sasha knocked off the cones with his hat,

I got a bruise on my forehead.

Mama washed Mila with soap,

Mila didn't like soap.

There are many such tongue twisters; you can find them in specialized literature for children. You shouldn’t immediately learn complex poems with your child - start small. And remember: the child knows and understands much more words than he pronounces; they are simply, so to speak, “in sleep mode.” And for the baby to start using these words in communication, you need to help him. And this can be done by constantly studying with him, reading books to the child, looking at pictures with him, commenting on what he saw or heard. Help your child become an erudite person with beautiful diction and competent speech. And then a successful and happy life will be guaranteed to him.

Speech therapy classes at home. An article about how parents can organize classes at home and what exercises they can do on their own to develop speech and improve sound pronunciation.

The role of speech cannot be underestimated. It allows a person to express his thoughts and communicate with other people. Speech is the basis of interaction in society. Speech disorders prevent a child from expressing his thoughts and maintaining a conversation; they can lead to the appearance of complexes and affect school performance.

If you find sounds in your child’s speech that are not in their native language, or if you think that the child’s speech is not sufficiently developed for his age, you should immediately contact a speech therapist. The sooner a problem is detected, the faster and more effectively it can be corrected. As a rule, they are carried out with children starting from 3 years of age. But now a new direction has emerged - “speech therapy of early age”, focused on the prevention and correction of pre-speech and primary speech manifestations of deviant development in children under three years of age. At the LOGOS Children's Center there are speech therapists who work with children from 3 years of age, as well as speech therapists who specialize specifically in early childhood.

To achieve the maximum effect and help the child make his speech correct, competent and clear, it is not enough to send the child to a children's center, where a speech therapist will work with him. An equally important role is played by the child’s activities with his parents at home. The joint work of a speech therapist in classes and parents at home will be most effective. It is important that the speech therapist explains and shows parents not only what exercise to do at home with their child, but also how exactly to do it. After all, only a specialist knows the nuances of performing this or that exercise and the secrets that will help make the task or exercise as effective as possible for a particular child. In addition, no one has canceled the main rule of all doctors and teachers, “Do no harm.” And it is not so difficult to cause harm out of ignorance, for example, by fixing an incorrectly placed sound in speech. This often happens when parents try to produce the sound on their own. It won't be easy to fix this sound. Therefore, our Center welcomes the presence of parents in class - this helps parents understand exactly how to continue studying at home. But there are simple exercises that moms and dads can easily do with their baby on their own. These exercises will not harm the baby in any way, but, on the contrary, will strengthen his speech apparatus, motor skills and auditory attention, preparing him to pronounce difficult sounds.

It is important that homework is not like lessons, but like a game. Come up with different stories to captivate your child. If you conduct classes in the form of games, your child will be more willing to learn to speak correctly, which will certainly help achieve great results in a short time.

Under no circumstances should you be angry if something doesn’t work out for your child! Correcting pronunciation is not easy; you cannot teach your child to pronounce all sounds clearly and clearly in one lesson, as well as to use complex words. In any activity, time plays an important role. Mistakes are an integral part of the learning process.

Be patient, praise your child even for the smallest successes, support him if something doesn’t work out. If you break down and scold your baby, then he will not speak better, but will only withdraw into himself, which can aggravate speech problems.

Classes must be regular. It is better to exercise 5 minutes a day than once a week for 1.5 hours. At the very beginning, you can start exercising with 3-5 minutes a day, gradually increasing them to 15-20 minutes twice a day.

Articulation exercises play a huge role, because they contribute to the development of the speech apparatus, thanks to which children learn to control it and cope with the pronunciation of even complex sounds.

You need to do articulation gymnastics daily, 1-2 times a day for 3-5 minutes. All exercises should be performed without tension (the child sits quietly, the shoulders do not rise). Each exercise should be performed five times, each approach no longer than 5 seconds (counted by an adult). Add one new exercise per day, and if you find it difficult to perform an exercise, you need to return to a simpler one.

Basic set of articulation exercises:

• “Fence” - holding the lips in a smile, the front upper and lower teeth are exposed.
• “Tube” - stretching the lips forward in a tube (teeth closed).
• “Tube fence” - alternating the position of the lips in a smile and a tube.
• “Scapula” - holding a wide tongue on the lower lip in a calm, relaxed state.
• “Needle” - holding a narrow tongue between cuts.
• “Needle spatula” - alternating appropriate exercises.
• “Barrier” - raising the tongue by the upper teeth (the mouth is open, but not too wide).
• “Swing” - alternating upward and downward movements of the tongue while holding each position for five seconds.
• “Pancake” - holding the tongue behind the lower teeth in a calm, relaxed state.
• “Stretch” - stick out your tongue and stretch it to your nose, to your chin, to the right corner of your mouth and to the left.

It is recommended to perform articulation exercises in front of a mirror. Do the exercises with your child. It is better to buy a large mirror in which not only the child, but also you can be seen. In this case, the baby will be able to repeat all the actions. Since the best option is to exercise while sitting, it is better to purchase a tabletop mirror.

Exercises with special literature.

Currently, the range of teaching aids is huge. When choosing, you need to focus on publications with bright illustrations; they attract attention and maintain the child’s interest.

If your baby pronounces all the sounds, but has difficulty coordinating words and retelling or has a poor vocabulary, then give preference to literature: N.V. Nishcheva “Teaching children storytelling based on pictures”, N.E. Teremkova “I am learning to retell”, N.E. Teremkov “Speech therapy homework for children 5-7 years old with OHP”, O.A. Novikovskaya “Speech Therapy Grammar”.

Exercises to develop fine motor skills.

The level of development of a child’s speech is directly related to the development of fine motor skills. Even ordinary plasticine will be an effective tool for training it. It is enough for kids to knead this material and sculpt simple one-color shapes. With older children, learn to make more complex multi-colored figures, for example, different animals.

Explore colors and shapes while playing with clay.

You can make several figures and come up with a story for them, in this case the child will develop his imagination and increase his vocabulary. For example, a story about going to a grocery store - you can make fruits and vegetables, put them on the “counter” and play seller and buyer. Thanks to this game, the child will expand his vocabulary, remembering the names of vegetables and fruits, and will be able to repeat colors and shapes.

Here are a few more ideas and techniques on how to develop your baby’s motor skills:

* Buy a su-jok ball, which consists of two parts: a spiky ball and a spring. Place the spring on your fingers one at a time, saying nursery rhymes or simply naming your fingers, and roll the ball over the baby’s palms and fingers.

* Compete in pulling ribbons, strings, pencils, and laces with your fingers.

* Wrap small objects in foil and let your baby unwrap them.

* Let the child in the summer, on the way from the dacha, pick off one petal from a chamomile.

* Let the bubbles press on the bubble wrap.

* Allow your child to fasten and unfasten buttons himself, unscrew and tighten the caps of plastic bottles.

* Give a bowl of mixed peas and beans or smaller grains to make the task more challenging - ask your child to sort.

* Give your child small objects and ask them to put them one at a time into a plastic bottle through the neck. A variant of the game at sea is collecting small pebbles in a bottle. This game also teaches the baby to determine the size of objects by eye.

* Let the child wrap the ribbon around a stick or finger.

* Play with clothespins! Let the child hang out the doll's clothes to dry. And if you attach clothespins to a yellow circle cut out of cardboard, you will get a sun!

The game “Who Eats What” should be in the arsenal of both specialists and mothers. This game implements a large number of pedagogical tasks, and most importantly, it is attractive and interesting for children (and adults too). You can practice grammar, vocabulary, and automate naughty sounds. This game is also useful for non-speaking children: using the correct game instructions, an adult can stimulate the child’s speech activity.

* It is very useful to do appliqué. The hand movements that are involved in cutting using scissors are very good not only for fine motor skills, but also for excellent brain development. It will be useful to make an application and come up with a story about it. For example, when making an applique of a dragonfly, invite your child to come up with a story about it. Help your child by asking him guiding questions:

What is your dragonfly's name? What is she like? What does she like doing? Where did she fly? Who did you meet?

Here's an example of a story that might come out:

"Dragonfly Fun"

Once upon a time there lived a dragonfly. Her name was Zabava. She was multi-colored and her wings shimmered in the sun with all the colors of the rainbow. One day, a dragonfly flew to hunt a pond. She dreamed of catching a fatter mosquito. Above the pond she saw a fat, very fat mosquito flying over the water and cheerfully singing a song: zu-zu-zuuuu, zu-zu-zuuuu, I don’t fight the dragonfly!

The dragonfly, Fun, liked the song so much that she changed her mind about catching a mosquito and decided to make friends with it. She flew up to the mosquito and began to sing along with it: za-za-zaaaa, za-za-zaaaa - I’m a big dragonfly. Thus began the first ever friendship between a dragonfly and a mosquito.

Such an application will contribute not only to the development of motor skills, but also imagination, coherent speech, strengthen good relationships with adults, elevate mood, and will also help to consolidate the sound [Z] in speech if this sound is at the stage of automation.

Reinforcing individual sounds.

It often happens that a child can correctly pronounce a sound in isolation, but does not use it in speech. In this case, you need to automate the difficult sound.

It is important that sound automation be staged: first, sound is automated in syllables, then in words, in phrases, and only then in coherent speech. A specialist will help you choose the right material for automation (select words where the automated sound will be in the correct position, exclude words with mixed sounds or words with sounds that the child distorts).

To introduce sound into spontaneous speech, use as much as possible in everyday communication with your child words that contain a sound that is difficult for him. For example, if the child cannot cope with the sound “r”, then in the store, approaching the fish department, ask the child: “What is for sale here”? If you see something red, ask the child to name this word: for example, “red roof”, “red ball”, etc. When opening the door, ask the child to say the action: “turn the handle”, etc.

It will be useful to memorize poems with difficult sounds, for example, for differentiation (discrimination) and consolidation of the sounds P, Рь and L, L in speech; it will be useful for a child to learn Samuel Marshak’s poem “Mary”:

At little Mary's
Big loss:
Her right shoe was missing.
In one she jumps
And cries pitifully
- You can’t live without the other!

But, dear Mary,
Don't cry about the loss.
Right foot boot
We'll sew you a new one
Or we’ll buy a ready-made one,
But just be careful!

The role of parents in teaching and raising a child is enormous. Whether parents can cope with their child’s difficulties on their own will depend primarily on what disorder caused the speech disorder. For example, those associated with dyslalia can improve on their own, but dysarthric disorders require the involvement of a speech therapist and often a neurologist. But in any case, it is important to work with the baby at home, then the child will be able to quickly cope with all speech difficulties and master communication skills.

Arouse in children the need to communicate with people. Develop the ability to listen and hear the teacher. Activate active and passive vocabulary on the lexical topic: “Pets.” Ability to recognize and name animals from pictures.
Form a holistic perception of objects (images of animals).
Development of speech breathing, general and fine motor skills. Development of visual and auditory attention. Development of thinking. Improving the grammatical structure of speech. Development of coherent speech. Tasks are implemented through game situations.

A lesson summary on the topic "T-D differentiation" is presented as part of a modern speech therapy lesson. In the course of work, elements of project activity are used: the ability to follow instructions, compare the result with what was required to be completed; inclusion of individual tasks depending on the zone of proximal development of each child. The development will be useful for speech therapists working in schools.

Target audience: for speech therapist

A lesson summary on the topic “Letter to Santa Claus” is presented with elements of brain gymnastics. During the working hour, an atmosphere of interest and mystery is introduced. There is an introduction to the rules of writing letters, and attention is also paid to Ozhegov’s dictionary. Children are active partners of the teacher throughout the entire correction. This approach meets modern requirements.

Target audience: for speech therapist

A lesson summary on the topic “Differentiation of sounds S-Sh” is presented using accompanying techniques using motor correction methods. Ensuring the interaction of the right and left hemispheres is the basis of intellectual development. During the lesson, children formulate the topic of the lesson, accept and save the learning task, and search for the necessary information. They form self-esteem based on successful activities.

Target audience: for speech therapist

Summary of an individual lesson on differentiation of sounds zh-sh. Designed for children of middle school age. A colorful presentation helps maintain the child’s interest and attention throughout the lesson. During the lesson, the child has the opportunity to independently complete tasks on the computer.

Target audience: for speech therapist

SUMMARY OF A SUBGROUP Speech Therapy Session on the Correction of Sound Pronunciation Disorders
Topic: differentiation of sounds [p] and [p’] in words.
Lexical topic: journey to the city of professions.
Technologies: gaming (travel activity), information and communication.
Goal: to develop the ability to distinguish between the sounds [p] and [p’] based on words.
Tasks:
Educational:
- train to distinguish between the sounds [р] and [р’] in words;
- develop auditory attention, phonemic analysis, synthesis and representation;
- update and clarify the meaning of words on the lexical topic “Professions”;
- develop the skill of word formation in a suffixal way;
Correctional and developmental:
- develop logical thinking, communication skills;
Educational:
- cultivate curiosity, cognitive activity and interest in learning activities in general.

Target audience: for 4th grade

Summary of an individual lesson on automating the sound Ш in the middle of a word. Designed for children of senior preschool and primary school age. The desire to help and treat Stepshka with carrots maintains the child’s interest and attention throughout the entire lesson. Special tasks for schoolchildren train reading and writing skills.

Disturbances in the pronunciation of sounds occur in many children. The most common problems are distortion of the sound of a letter (burr, lisp, etc.), its replacement with another, or omission of sounds that are difficult to pronounce. Speech therapy sessions - whether self-guided or under the guidance of a professional - will help eliminate the existing problem.

If speech therapist lessons are not available to you for some reason, then you can work with your child on your own, but following certain recommendations.

For preschool children, games for speech development are recognized as the most effective method for eliminating various speech defects.

A game aimed at improving speech abilities not only attracts a child with its fascination, but is also the most useful of all methods for developing this important skill. Speech therapy classes for children, conducted in a playful format, promote speech development, consolidation of new words, and the formation of correct pronunciation of sounds. Additionally, the future foundation for cognitive activity and the development of mental abilities is laid.

Here are examples of the main types of activities aimed at developing the richness of speech in children:

• Addition of the sentence: in summer the leaves on the maple are green, and with the onset of autumn...; We pick mushrooms in ..., and tomatoes in ..., etc.
• Completing the sentence: I want….; I can…; I'll draw... etc.
• Description of the item: pen – new, beautiful, colorful...; chamomile - white, beautiful, summer...; river – deep, wide, transparent...etc.
• Names of domestic and forest animals with young: rooster, hen, chickens; hare, hare, little hares, etc.
• Big - small (the child needs to choose a diminutive for the proposed word): vase - vase, mouse - mouse, leaf - leaf, etc.
• Catch the ball (the speech therapist throws the ball and names a noun, the child’s task is to transform it into an adjective): autumn - autumn, birch - birch, etc.
• Expressing disagreement/agreement (the task of the lesson is to develop in the child the ability to affirm or challenge a proposed thought with the ability to substantiate his opinion): It will start raining soon - No, because there are no clouds in the sky.
• Word formation (in the proposed word you need to replace a specific sound): squirrel - bun, sam - catfish, give - blow.

Try to do the exercises using pictures, children love them very much.

Speech therapy classes at home

Speech therapy sessions with a child may include:

• gymnastics to develop articulation;
• games for hearing development, onomatopoeia, logorhythmics;
• recitation of poems and tongue twisters.

You need to work with your child every day, carefully thinking through the course of the lesson, captivating him. If he is not interested, then the baby will not acquire the necessary skills.

When starting speech therapy classes at home, you need to remember the following rules:

• The duration of the lesson must be increased gradually. The first one can last no more than 3 – 5 minutes.
• The activity should be interesting and make the child want to learn. You should not force your baby to do something against his will, otherwise he may refuse to do the exercises altogether.
• You can arrange short classes, but several times a day.
• If a child doesn’t succeed in something, you shouldn’t yell at him. We need to try to find the cause of the “naughty tongue” and correct it.

Finger games

Speech therapy classes for children should include finger games, as they promote the development of fine motor skills. Scientists have long proven a direct connection between the hands and the part of the brain responsible for the development of speech skills.

Learning texts in combination with finger gymnastics helps develop skills such as:

1. the ability to think spatially and express one’s emotions;
2. imagination;
3. attention.

In addition to improved speech, the child experiences an acceleration in reaction speed. Classes conducted in a playful way help to better memorize text and make speech more expressive.

To get the desired result, you need to work with your child every day, spending about 5 minutes on it.

Exercises to develop finger motor skills:

• Flower. Palms are folded together, fingers pointing upward. We form a flower bud from our palms, pressing them together. The child says aloud the quatrain:
  The sun is rising
  The flower opens (fingers need to be spread apart, but palms remain pressed)
  The sun is setting,
  The flower goes to sleep (the fingers must be returned to their original position).
• Kitty. Palms lie on the table, gathered into a fist. The child says the words “Fist - palm. I walk like a cat” and straightens his fingers, without lifting his palms from the surface of the table, and then squeezes them again. Repeat the exercises three to five times.
• A bird is flying. Hands crossed in front of you, palms facing your face. You need to hook your thumbs together. This will be the “head”, and the palms will act as wings. You need to swing them without separating your fingers.
  The bird flew (flapping its wings)
  She sat down and turned gray (the child separates his palms and presses them to his chest),
  Then she flew.

Finger games can be used as moments of relaxation during the speech therapy session itself, helping to distract the child and allow him to redirect his attention.

Articulation gymnastics

Before starting speech therapy exercises, it is necessary to conduct an articulatory warm-up. Specialized gymnastics helps strengthen the muscles of the articulatory apparatus and prepare it for speech therapy sessions.

Articulation gymnastics is a set of exercises designed to strengthen the muscles of the lips and tongue. They are responsible for the pronunciation of sounds. If the tongue muscles are not sufficiently developed, speech will sound unclear.

You need to do gymnastics in front of a mirror. Then the child will be able to control the correct execution of the movements. It is very important for him to observe the movements of his lips and tongue. This way the baby will quickly understand what position they should take in order to pronounce sounds correctly.

Articulation exercises should be performed twice a day. The duration of the lesson is 5...7 minutes. As a result, the child will be able to learn to speak not only correctly, but also as clearly and understandably as possible.

Articulatory complex:

• Stretch your lips into a smile, but your teeth should not be visible. Hold the position for 30 seconds.
• Smile widely, opening your teeth. Hold for half a minute.
• Open your mouth slightly and place your relaxed tongue on the surface of your lower lip. Spank them, pronouncing the syllable “PYA”. In this case, the upper lip touches the tongue.
• The mouth is open. You need to stretch your tongue forward and try to curl it into a tube. Hold the position for half a minute.
• Slowly lick your lips with your tongue from corner to corner, without lifting your tongue from the surface of your lips. He must come full circle. First clockwise, then counterclockwise.
• There is a wide smile on his face with his mouth slightly open. The tip of your tongue should touch first one corner, then another.
• A smile on the face with the mouth slightly open. Press the tip of the tongue against the surface of the teeth and, with little effort, move along the back wall of the lower dentition. Repeat 10 times. Repeat the exercise, but you need to pass your tongue along the inner surface of the upper teeth.
• A wide smile on his face. On the count of “one” we touch the lower teeth, on the count of “two” we touch the upper teeth. Repeat the exercises 5 times.
• The mouth is open. Let the child quickly stick out and hide the tip of his tongue. But it should not touch the teeth and tongue.
• A wide smile on his face. The tongue is relaxed and lies on the lower lip. When exhaling air, the child should blow on a ball of cotton wool lying on the table so that it can move.

Games for hearing development, onomatopoeia, logorhythmics

Articulation gymnastics should be supplemented with other exercises. These should be exercises for developing hearing, onomatopoeia and logorhythmics.

Speech hearing helps a child understand, distinguish and reproduce sounds. If it is not well developed, then the baby’s speech is unclear and contains errors.

Examples of exercises to develop speech hearing:

• The child needs to demonstrate objects that can make sounds. These can be spoons, drums, rattles and others. Then you need to let the baby listen to the sound of each. Then he turns his back and guesses which of the objects sounded. The purpose of the exercise is to improve speech hearing and consolidate the skill in distinguishing sounds.
• An adult picks up a bell. The child stands against the wall with his eyes closed. The adult moves around the room and periodically rings the bell. The baby’s task is to point to the sounding bell with his hand without opening his eyes.

The development of onomatopoeia is another part of speech therapy classes. For the exercise, a plot picture is used in accordance with the child’s age group. This could be, for example, an image of a girl rocking a doll. Let the child begin to imitate rocking movements and cradle an imaginary doll. It is important to control its articulation.

Games based on imitating the voices of the animal world give good results. Such speech therapy exercises will be more interesting if images of animals/birds, their figures and figures of babies are used during the lesson.

An example would be the game of mosquito. The picture should show a mosquito. “Let's meet the mosquito. His name is Arseny. He flies a lot and often sings his favorite song - “Z-Z-Z”. Let us also hum it together with Arseny! “Z-Z-Z.”

Then invite your child to catch a mosquito and listen to him sing his song. We grab the empty air with our fists, listen and sing the mosquito song - “Z-Z-Z.”

Logorhythmics are speech therapy exercises that combine movements, music and speech. All children really like these classes because they always take place in a fun atmosphere.

An adult reads the poem aloud and reproduces the movements described in the work. It is very important to select the appropriate musical accompaniment in advance. Then the children repeat what they saw.

For the lesson, you can use, for example, this poem:

Along a narrow path (the child walks in one place)
Our legs walked (begins to take steps in place, raising his knees high)
Over the pebbles, over the pebbles (marking time)
And there’s a bang in the hole (the baby jumps up and sits on the floor).

Recitation of poems and tongue twisters

Speech therapy sessions with a child should include reading aloud various children's poems. There is no point in teaching complex poems to your child; it is better to start with simple quatrains.

Excellent results can be achieved if speech therapy classes for children include tongue twisters. They are short rhyming sentences. They help make speech clear, well-spoken, and also expand the child’s vocabulary and improve diction.

Six little mice rustle in the reeds.
Sasha knocked off some bumps with his hat and got a bruise on his forehead.

You can also come up with your own tongue twister; read about how to do this correctly in the “Speech Development” section on our website.

Independent speech therapy sessions with children will help solve problems with simple defects. If there are serious violations, speech correction should be done by a professional.

The first sounds and words of a little man are quite funny and bring smiles to adults. However, no one will smile if they hear inverted words and incomprehensible phrases from an adult. Communication is an important element of our life. The ability to correctly and competently express one’s thoughts, the ability to clearly formulate answers to questions posed, as well as the ability to pronounce all sounds is something that not only children, but also adults should strive for.

Speech therapy classes for children at home are constant communication with the child in a playful way. Once your child is interested, you can engage with him by playing games for speech development such as

• finger games (games for developing fine motor skills)
• articulatory gymnastics
• games for hearing development, games for sound vibration and logorhythmics (poems with movements)
• poems for speech development and vocabulary replenishment

The most difficult thing is to interest the child. And this is a very serious task. After all, sitting down a little fidget is not so easy. In general, it is not necessary to sit him down; you can work with the child when he is playing in his hut or jumping on the sofa. Classes should be held in a playful way. Then it will be easier for you, and the child will learn the material without hysterics and whims.

Are you looking for speech therapy classes for children 2 - 3 years old?

A few tips before starting homeschooling with your children:

• classes should initially be short (2-3 minutes). Then we gradually increase them. Maximum 15-20 minutes at a time.
• The child should enjoy the activities. Don’t force or insist, as this can completely discourage your child from wanting to do anything.
• It’s better to practice more often, but little by little. Frequently performing the same exercise, the child develops a skill.
• use laughter during classes. Do not scold for incorrect pronunciation or if the child fails to do something. It’s better to find out with your child why his tongue is so naughty and how to fix it. It is better to be an ally and friend to a child than a strict teacher. How to properly praise a child.

I would like to dwell in more detail on each of the types of games that you need to play with your child.

Finger games are one of the types of development. There is a close relationship between the human hand and the speech center of the brain.

Learning texts using “finger” gymnastics stimulates the development of speech, spatial thinking, attention, imagination, and develops reaction speed and emotional expressiveness. The child remembers poetic texts better; his speech becomes more expressive.

You need to exercise every day for 5 minutes, then such exercises will be effective.

Articulation gymnastics is gymnastics for the tongue and lips. The tongue is the main muscle of the speech organs. The tongue must be trained and developed so that it can correctly perform certain specific movements, which are called sound pronunciation. Lips and tongue should be flexible and strong.

To perform articulation gymnastics you need a mirror. The child must see how his tongue works and where it is located. In order to bring the exercises to automaticity, you need to constantly practice. It is important to perform the exercises correctly and carefully monitor the position of the tongue.

You need to exercise every day for 5-7 minutes. Preferably 2 times a day. The result is correct and clear speech.

For correct sound pronunciation, it is also necessary to perform tasks that are aimed at developing the voice, breathing and speech hearing.

• Games for sounds, hearing development and logarithmics

Speech or phonemic hearing is the ability to correctly hear, recognize and differentiate sounds.

Games for hearing development

1. “Ears are rumors”

Target: consolidate the ability to differentiate sounds, develop auditory attention.

The speech therapist shows wooden and metal spoons and crystal glasses. Children name these objects. The teacher offers to listen to how these objects sound. Having installed the screen, he reproduces the sound of these objects in turn. Children recognize sounds and name the objects that make them.

2. “Who said “Meow?”

Target: improve the ability to distinguish the voices of domestic animals by ear.

Material: tape recorder, audio recording with the sounds of pets' voices.

3. “Who is standing at the traffic light?”

Target: develop auditory attention, recognize and name types of transport.

Material: tape recorder and audio recording with street noise.

The speech therapist plays an audio recording with street sounds. Children listen to sounds and name vehicles stopped at a traffic light (car, truck, tractor, motorcycle, cart, tram).

4. “Where is it ringing?”

Target: develop auditory attention, the ability to navigate in space with eyes closed.

Children stand with their eyes closed. A speech therapist with a bell moves silently around the group and rings. Children, without opening their eyes, point their hand in the direction of the sound source.

5. Finger game “Thunderstorm”

Target: coordinate the movement with the text, taking into account changes in the dynamics and tempo of the sound.

The speech therapist reads the words of the game, and the children perform movements according to the text.

Drops dripped (knock on the table with two index fingers).
It's raining (quietly knock with four fingers of both hands).
It pours like a bucket (tapping loudly with four fingers).
It started hailing (knock their finger bones, knocking out a fraction).
Thunder (drum your fists on the table).
Lightning flashes (draw lightning in the air with your fingers, make the sound sh).
Everyone quickly runs home (clap your hands, hide your hands behind your back).
The sun is shining brightly in the morning (describe a large circle with both hands).

Speech imitation or onomatopoeia

This is the reproduction, following the speaker, of the sounds, words, and phrases he has spoken.

To play, use animal figures or pictures. Mothers and their babies. After all, the mother frog screams KVA, and the little frog screams KVA. Remember the fairy tale about the three bears, papa bear growls loudly, mama bear is quieter, and the cub squeaks.

Games to imitate household noises:

• The clock is ticking - TICK-TOCK
• Water is dripping - Drip-Drip
• The baby is stomping - TOP-TOP
• The hammer knocks KNOCK KNOCK
• Scissors cut CHICK-CHICK
• We swing on the swing KACH-KACH
• We eat carrots CRUM-CRUM
• The car is driving BBC

Speech therapy rhythmics or logorhythmics- a combination of movement, speech and music. The adult reads the verse and shows the movements, the child repeats. Nothing complicated. Children have fun and interesting. Of course, an adult needs to read and learn the necessary poems in advance and learn the movements to them. You also need to select musical accompaniment for the poems in advance. It is advisable to exercise in the afternoon 2-3 times a week.

Game "Walk" (development of general motor skills)
Along a narrow path (walking in place)
Our feet are walking (raising legs high)
By the pebbles, by the pebbles (shuffle from foot to foot at a slow pace)
And into the hole... bang! (sit on the floor on the last word)

• Poems for speech development - tongue twisters and vocabulary replenishment

Tongue twisters are short rhyming phrases. Tongue twisters are the best exercises for practicing clarity and literacy of speech. Tongue twisters increase a child's vocabulary, improve diction, and also develop speech hearing.

In order for a child to speak competently and be able to express his thoughts and feelings, he needs his own vocabulary.

Your child's vocabulary consists of:

• passive vocabulary (those words that the child understands)
• active vocabulary (those words that the child speaks)

Initially, the child’s active vocabulary is small, but over time, the child will transfer those words that were in the passive dictionary to the active one. The larger the passive vocabulary, the better.

To increase your vocabulary, look at pictures together, read books, comment on your actions.

I use various manuals to work with my child; one of the latest successful acquisitions is “Big Album on Speech Development” and “Lessons of a Speech Therapist. Games for speech development."

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This book consists of 3 sections, for each section detailed instructions are given on how to practice

• finger gymnastics
  • 1 group. Exercises for the hands (pages 8-29)
  • 2nd group. Finger exercises are conditionally static (pages 30-47)
  • 3rd group. Dynamic finger exercises (pages 48-57)
• articulation gymnastics. Presented using fairy tales with verses, there are additional cards plus there are images of the correct result of the exercise. (pp. 64-110). Also in this section there are games for the development of speech hearing and auditory attention.
• Tongue Twisters. They are grouped according to “difficult” sounds, which helps your child practice specific sounds. (pp. 111-169)

I bought this book here. If you have questions about the book, please ask.

This book has 3 blocks, each for a specific age:

• Developing baby's speech (pages 6-89)
  • development of speech understanding
  • development of general motor skills
  • breathing exercises
  • finger games
  • articulatory gymnastics
  • onomatopoeia
• Developing the speech of a younger preschooler (pp. 92-183). For children 3-6 years old
• Developing the speech of an older preschooler (pp. 186-277).

This book is great for increasing a child's vocabulary, developing logical thinking, attention, memory and imagination.

I have not found the same book (on Ozone appeared), but is available separately books for kids children from 3 to 6 years old And older preschoolers. Which is also very convenient if you need a book for a 4-year-old child. I found this book when my son was already 3 years old. But I wasn’t worried, my daughter is growing up, and we will study the first block with her.

Work with your child only in a good mood, believe in your child, rejoice in his successes, help him overcome failures. Speech therapy classes with your child at home will help you become even closer and closer. Be patient and good luck!

How do you work with your child? What do you use for this? Does your child like to study? Please share in the comments your methods for developing speech in a child and how much time you spend doing certain exercises.

About how to teach a child to say what to do and what not to do.