Small rash in a child. Rash on a child's body. Photo with explanations: in the form of pimples, small, itchy, red, without fever, itching, allergic. What could it be

Red dots on a child’s body can be a symptom of various skin and infectious diseases. The appearance of such rashes should alert parents. It is necessary to consult a specialist, because treatment cannot be carried out without a diagnosis.

Allergic reaction

Allergies can manifest themselves in the form of diathesis or urticaria. The following factors contribute to its development in children:

1. 1. Antibodies enter the child’s body during breastfeeding or during the prenatal period.
2. 2. Short-term breastfeeding.
3. 3. Dysbacteriosis.
4. 4. Reduced immunity.

The most common allergen is cow's milk. The reaction to milk is formed in a child in the first year of life during the transition to artificial feeding.

The second place among allergens is fish and seafood. Fish protein intolerance does not disappear with age. The following products contain a large number of allergens:

• milk;
• fish;
• eggs;
• nuts;
• citrus;
• chocolate;
• coffee;
• strawberry.

Allergies are also caused by food additives, preservatives, emulsifiers and dyes.

There is a drug allergy that occurs as a result of prolonged use of a drug or its overdose. Treatment of drug allergies consists of eliminating the drug from use. Penicillin antibiotics most often cause an allergic reaction. Drug allergies do not go away over time. If a reaction to a medicine is detected, it will last for life. There are special diagnostic tests that determine the tolerability of certain medications.

Irritating substances may be chemical in nature. Heavy metal compounds are sometimes present in household chemicals and clothing. Small red dots appear on the child’s body at points of contact with the irritant. The rash can be localized throughout the body and be accompanied by itching.

Diagnosis of allergic dermatitis involves identifying the allergen. At the first stage of treatment, allergenic foods should be excluded from the diet. Antihistamine drugs and ointments for external use are prescribed. An advanced form of allergic dermatitis can develop into eczema.

Chicken pox in children

Chicken pox is an acute infectious disease. A characteristic rash in the form of red blisters appears on the child’s body. Initially, the rash appears on the scalp, then spreads throughout the body. The palms and soles remain untouched. The first phase of the disease occurs in an acute form, the child’s body temperature rises to 38-39ºC. Chickenpox can occur in mild, moderate and severe forms.

The mild form of the disease is characterized by a slight rash and low-grade body temperature. Chickenpox in its moderate form is accompanied by high fever, headache and vomiting. Skin rashes are profuse and last for 5-6 days. Severe chickenpox is characterized by high fever, reaching 39-40ºC, severe headaches, delirium, vomiting and loss of appetite. The rash remains on the skin for 7-9 days. The child will need bed rest, the vesicles are treated with brilliant green or an alcohol solution.

Manifestations of prickly heat and rubella

Miliaria is a skin irritation that occurs due to impaired thermoregulation. The skin of young children is distinguished by its thinness and vulnerability. Ducts in the sweat glands are formed before the age of 6 years, and therefore sweating in infants is difficult. With heat rash, the skin of children becomes covered with small pink or red dots. They appear on the head, on the back and chest, in natural folds of the skin. For treatment, baths with medicinal herbs - chamomile, string - are recommended. The rash should be covered with talcum powder or baby powder.

To prevent heat rash, it is necessary not to overheat the child.

The air temperature in the children's room should not exceed 22ºС. It is necessary to bathe the baby at least once a day and change diapers more often.

Rubella is a viral disease transmitted by airborne droplets. The incubation period for rubella lasts 16-18 days. Then there is an increase in the occipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes. A spotty, red-pink rash appears on the skin after the incubation period ends. The rash is localized to all areas of the skin and lasts for 3 days. The body temperature of a sick child does not exceed +37.5ºС.

What other reasons could there be?

Red dots on the baby’s body may appear for some other reasons:

1. 1. Molluscum contagiosum is an infectious disease that affects children aged 1 to 10 years. Infection occurs in public swimming pools, on beaches and through other people's clothing. Nodules of a bright pink color, semicircular in shape and a small depression in the center appear on the body. The disease can be confused with chickenpox or measles. Molluscum contagiosum occurs against a background of reduced immunity. Therefore, treatment will consist of increasing the body's defenses. To prevent infection of healthy areas of the skin, use Viferon cream, Acyclovir ointment, and oxolinic ointment.
2. 2. Scarlet fever is an infectious disease caused by hemolytic streptococcus. Newborns have innate immunity to the pathogen; children from 2 to 10 years old are susceptible to the disease. Accompanied by symptoms of sore throat and the formation of a pinpoint rash. The method of spreading scarlet fever is by airborne droplets. The incubation period varies from 2-10 days, then the child’s temperature rises sharply and the headache intensifies. General malaise and intoxication can cause vomiting. A bright red rash covers most of the body, with red streaks forming in the folds of the skin. The skin rash persists for 4-5 days, then it changes color, peels off and gradually disappears. Treatment is carried out with antibiotics. To eliminate itching, antihistamines and creams containing corticosteroids are used.
3. 3. Roseola infantum is an infection that affects children under two years of age. The symptoms of the disease are similar to those of rubella, ARVI and allergies, which makes diagnosis difficult. The causative agent of infantile roseola is herpes types 6 and 7; infection with the virus is assumed to be airborne. The disease most often develops in spring and autumn. The incubation period lasts on average from 3 to 7 days. The disease begins with a high temperature, reaching 39-40ºC, which lasts for 3-5 days. The child may have enlarged cervical lymph nodes, decreased appetite and general weakness. On the 4th day, the temperature subsides, pink spotty rashes appear on the body. There is no specific treatment for roseola rosea. The rash will disappear without leaving any traces. A sick child is given antipyretic drugs and plenty of fluids.
4. 4. Tinea rosacea. The reasons for its occurrence are not fully understood. Often the disease occurs after an infectious disease or hypothermia. Pityriasis rosea begins with the appearance of a red or pink "mother's plaque" patch on the skin. After 2 days, the spot begins to peel off, and then the rash spreads throughout the body. Newly formed plaques are smaller in size than the maternal plaque. Pityriasis rosea is localized on the shoulders, abdomen, and can sometimes appear on the scalp. To confirm the diagnosis, a scraping is taken for analysis. Treatment of pityriasis rosea is limited to eliminating itching and strengthening the immune system. The disease will last 2-3 weeks, after the rash disappears, pigment spots will remain, which over time will also disappear without a trace.

A rash in a child can appear for various reasons - it can be caused by either a banal food allergy or a severe infectious disease. How to determine: when you can treat a skin rash on your own, and when your child urgently needs medical help?

It is difficult to find at least one adult in the world who never had a rash on their body as a child. Fortunately, in the vast majority of cases, this rash is only a “response” to the appearance of a new product in the baby’s diet...

Causes of a rash in a child

The rash itself in a child (whether on the face, stomach, or any other part of the body) is a local change in the normal condition of the skin. The rash can be of different types - just a red spot (and not only red, by the way, but almost any shade from pale pink to bright brown), a vesicle, a lump, and even in the form of a hemorrhage or bruise.

A skin rash is never a separate disease and is never the cause of any disease. A rash on the body of a child (as well as an adult) is always a symptom, a consequence of certain circumstances: for example, the baby ate “something wrong,” rubbed his skin with the “wrong” clothes, was bitten by mosquitoes, or contracted an infection.

Based on the frequency of causes of rashes on children's skin, several of the most common can be identified:

• Insect bites (the most common and “worst” culprits of childhood rash are mosquitoes);
• Infection (for example: rubella, and even such a dangerous one as meningitis);
• Bleeding disorders, one of the most common in this category is hemophilia (in which case the rash usually appears as small bruises);
• Mechanical damage (most often tissue friction);
• The so-called sun allergy (a more correct name is photodermatitis);

The vast majority of cases of rash in a child are associated either with allergic reactions or with mild forms (not life-threatening) of various infections. In third place are mosquito bites.

It is interesting that not every rash on a child’s body is accompanied by itching - there are also ones that do not itch at all. As a rule, the most severe itching is caused by allergic rashes and rashes from insect bites.

In addition, some infections can cause itchy rashes, chickenpox being a prime example. But almost always such a rash does not itch at all at first (the first 1-2 days), but begins to itch very much later (because sweat acts as an irritant on the elements of the rash).

Allergic rash on the child's body

A rash in a child, which appears as an allergic reaction, is mainly of two types:

• Food (the child ate some food, and within 24 hours a rash appeared on his face, or on his stomach, or on his arms and legs);
• Contact (the baby was dressed in clothes made from the wrong fabric, or these clothes were washed with too “aggressive” powder; the water in the pool where you swam had chlorine, etc.).

In the case of manifestations of an allergic rash in a child, it is mothers and fathers (and sometimes even nannies) who are the best experts, because they are the ones who have the opportunity to vigilantly observe and analyze: in response to what exactly the reaction occurred, how much the child was “sprinkled”, where exactly areas of the rash appeared, how long it does not go away, etc. Having analyzed these circumstances and made the right conclusions, parents can themselves and quite easily rid their child of a rash - they just need to eliminate the allergen from his life (remove foods from the diet, change washing powder, etc.)

Infectious rash in a child: what to do

Often the appearance of a rash on a child’s body indicates that the baby has been “struck” by one or another infection. Most often, these are viral infections (like chickenpox, rubella or measles), which do not require any special complex treatment and after some time (but with medical supervision!) go away on their own. The disease passes and the rash disappears.

For bacterial infections (for example), antibacterial treatment is usually given.

Fungal infections that are accompanied by a rash also occur in children. For example - . Only in this case, the rash does not affect the skin, but the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.

One way or another, if you have reason to believe that your child’s rash appears due to an infection, you should consult a doctor.

If a skin rash is one of the symptoms of any infection, then there will certainly be other signs: increased body temperature, loss of appetite, general weakness, etc. In this case, the child must be immediately shown to a doctor to determine exactly what kind of infection “ attacked” the baby and, in accordance with the diagnosis, select an adequate treatment plan.

In addition, one of the most compelling reasons to suspect the infectious nature of the appearance of a rash is the child’s probable contact with an infectious patient. For example, if you know that someone in kindergarten or school was diagnosed with or - you can safely assume that your child also “caught” it along the chain...

What you can do before the doctor arrives:

• create a humid and cool climate in the room (while dressing the child adequately);
• do not feed, but give plenty of water;
• give an antipyretic (if the temperature exceeds the threshold of 38 ° C).

In all other circumstances of the appearance of a rash on the child’s body (when you know for sure that there are no signs of infection in the baby), you can treat the skin yourself - at least until some other alarming symptoms appear (the temperature suddenly rises , behavioral disturbances have appeared - for example, the child has become capricious, lethargic, drowsy, his speech is impaired, etc.).

A dangerous disease, the symptom of which is often a rash

We have already mentioned that if a child, along with a rash, also has some other symptoms - high fever, behavioral disturbances, and others - then the baby must be shown to a doctor. Since the chances are high that in this case the rash is one of the signs of an infectious infection.

But there is an infectious disease, which is also expressed, among other symptoms, by a rash on the body, but in which you need to rush with your child to the doctor not just quickly, but with lightning speed! This disease is called meningococcal meningitis - a very dangerous variant of a severe neuroinfection.

This disease is caused by a microbe that is terrible in all respects - meningococcus. It gets into the child's throat, then enters the bloodstream and travels through the bloodstream to the brain, causing meningitis. It is important to remember here that this infection is not fatal and can be treated - but only if you quickly get to the doctor, he correctly diagnoses and promptly prescribes antibacterial treatment.

Before the advent of antibiotics in human history, 100% of children infected with meningococcal meningitis died. Nowadays, the vast majority of infected children who undergo antibacterial therapy in a timely manner recover without consequences. But it is extremely important to organize an examination of the child by a qualified physician as soon as possible and begin treatment.

Often, with meningococcal meningitis, a specific blood infection occurs - this is what manifests itself as a rash on the child’s body in the form of numerous hemorrhages.

So, if you notice a rash on your child’s skin in the form of small hemorrhages (outwardly they look like varicose “stars”) or any kind of rash on the skin, but accompanied by a sharp increase in temperature and vomiting, immediately run with your child to the doctor!

It is advisable to immediately see an infectious disease specialist. The listed symptoms are a direct indication for emergency care for a child. Moreover, the count is not by hours, but by minutes!

By the way, with meningococcal meningitis, the rash is never accompanied by itching.

How to reduce itching and rashes on a child’s body

The first step is to take measures to eliminate the causes of the rash itself. After all, itching does not occur on its own, but precisely against the background of rashes. If the skin rash is allergic, it is necessary to identify the allergen and “separate” it from the child. If it is a rash from insect bites, finally install a fumigator or something similar that will prevent bites.

In addition, the cause of the itching itself may be a specific disease (for example, scabies, the causative agent of which is a microscopic mite); in this situation, any attempts to relieve the itching will not give any result until active treatment of the disease itself begins.

The second step in reducing the itching of a rash is to try to eliminate the various irritants that affect the rash and thereby provoke the itching. For example - fabric. Dress your child in loose, light, cotton clothes - he will itch much less.

But the most “violent” irritant that causes severe itching during skin rashes is sweat. The more the child sweats, the more itchy the skin on which the rash appears. Moreover, on sensitive skin, even sweat itself (for no other reason) can cause a short-term rash - usually called a "sweat rash" by parents. Accordingly, any prevention of reducing sweating will lead to a reduction in rash and itching. To do this you can:

• bathe the child twice a day (and the water should be no more than 34 ° C);
• maintain a cool climate in the room (in general, make sure that the child does not overheat);

In addition, there are various medications (most often of local action) that successfully relieve itching and reduce the appearance of the rash. However, it is highly desirable that such a remedy (most often an ointment or gel) be selected for your child by a doctor, and not by a pharmacist, a neighbor next door or an elderly relative.

Let us remind you that in the vast majority of cases, a rash in a child is not a dangerous and relatively quickly passing symptom. There are only two situations (they happen relatively rarely in life) when a child with a rash needs to be taken to a medical facility or call emergency help at lightning speed:

• the rash manifested itself in the form of hemorrhages (which look like varicose veins);
• the rash is accompanied by vomiting and/or high fever.

However, most often a rash in a child appears only as an allergic reaction to one of the products or medications, or “unwanted” contacts (with hard fabric, with the remnants of some cleaning substance, with mosquitoes, etc.). Coping with such manifestations of a rash does not present any difficulty for parents; it is enough to simply exclude the allergen from the child’s life.

But if you are in doubt about what exactly causes the rash to appear on your child’s body, or whether the rash is accompanied by any other symptoms that worry you, do not hesitate to consult a doctor. He will be able to establish the exact reasons and give specific recommendations - what to do with the child, what to do with the rash, and how to behave so that these “two” never “meet” again.

Every mother sooner or later asks the question: if a rash appears on a child’s body, what to do? Sometimes rashes are a reaction to physiological changes in the child’s body that are not dangerous, but there are also pathological causes of rashes that require immediate action to eliminate them.

Some parents simply ignore this, especially if the child has a rash on the body without fever, and some start giving various medications without consulting a doctor. In both the first and second cases, a mistake is made, because for some diseases it is very important to quickly identify the cause of the rash and prescribe appropriate treatment.

What the rash might look like

A child’s rash does not always appear all over the body; very often it occurs in a limited area. It is formed both symmetrically and asymmetrically, acquiring all sorts of shapes:

• Spots are a limited area of ​​skin of a different color (can be white, red, pink, etc.). As a rule, the spots do not protrude above the surface of the skin.
• Bubbles and vesicles are small or large formations with liquid inside.
• Papules are formations above the surface of the skin without a cavity inside. You can feel it well.
• A pustule is a cavity with pus inside.
• A plaque is a formation that has a large area and is raised above the skin.
• Tubercles are formations that do not have a cavity and are clearly felt upon palpation.

The color of the rash can also vary - from pale pink to purple. The child's photo is shown below.

Each type of rash can indicate completely different reasons, so determining the location of the rash and its type is very important for making a diagnosis.

Causes

If a rash appears on a child’s body, the causes of this condition are very diverse, but they can still be divided into main categories:

The symptoms of the rash are quite multifaceted. It depends on what reason contributed to it. Next, we will look at what pathologies can cause a rash and what signs they are accompanied by.

Non-communicable diseases. Newborn acne

Approximately 20-30% of infants develop so-called neonatal acne, which is characterized by the appearance of a rash on the child’s body without fever. The main location is the face and scalp, neck. The rash in this case looks like papules and pustules. This occurs due to the fact that maternal hormones affect the functioning of children's sebaceous glands. Does not require special care, except for moisturizing and careful hygiene. As a rule, it goes away on its own within the first 6 months of the baby’s life.

Prickly heat

A rash that occurs in newborns during the warm season or when tightly wrapped in clothes. The reason is difficulty in sweat escaping and increased humidity when wrapped. Often occurs in areas of diaper rash. This rash rarely causes inflammation, but it causes discomfort as it can be very itchy. It goes away quite quickly with proper care.

Atopic dermatitis

This is a disease that a large number of mothers encounter during the first days of a baby’s life. Dermatitis has a genetic predisposition and an allergic nature. Characterized by the appearance of red itchy spots and dry skin. The rash can cover either a small area - in a mild form - or spread over a large area of ​​the body. In some cases, when the rash is extensive, the child develops marks from scratching all over the body, as unbearable itching occurs. As a result, a secondary infection is sometimes associated with dermatitis.

Since dermatitis has several stages of development, there are also many variants of rashes for this disease. These can be spots, papules, vesicles, plaques, crusts. Sometimes, if treatment is not done in a timely manner, scars and pigment spots remain on the skin after rashes.

Teething rash

Sometimes during teething the baby is bothered by a rash located in the mouth area. They are small pimples that appear due to increased salivation and then friction of this area. This rash does not leave any consequences and, as a rule, goes away on its own. To make the healing process faster, you can gently wipe the mouth area from drool and prevent the child from licking dirty hands, as there is a risk of infection.

Allergic rash in children

If parents notice the appearance of a rash on a child’s body without fever, this is most likely an allergic reaction. Nowadays, people are surrounded by a huge number of all kinds of allergens. Children are most susceptible to them, so at the first manifestations you need to identify the cause and get rid of the irritant. Allergic reactions can be of the following types:

• Food. When a child eats a product that is an allergen for him. Appears within approximately 24 hours. In this case, the rash occurs on the child’s face, stomach, arms and legs.
• Household. In this case, the allergen can come from laundry detergent, chlorinated pool water, new shampoo, and many other household products.

An allergic rash looks like red spots on the child’s body, but sometimes plaques and scratches appear, since with such rashes itching of the skin is very disturbing. One type of rash in this case is hives - pink or red blisters that are very itchy. When scratched, they increase in size and can merge with each other, forming large affected areas. In addition to the rash, symptoms may include irritability, moodiness, runny nose and cough.

In newborn children, the allergen can enter the body with mother's milk. A nursing woman needs to review her diet as soon as possible. There are also cases when an allergy is provoked by the diet of the expectant mother during pregnancy. Sometimes a child develops a rash all over his body. But after getting rid of the allergen, the rash goes away very quickly. A photo of an allergic rash on a child’s body is presented above.

Insect bites

Insect bites are a very common occurrence, especially in the summer. Many parents are frightened by red spots, which can be large and appear above the skin. But, as a rule, other than itching, they do not have any third-party symptoms or consequences. But the exception is allergic consequences to the saliva and poison of some insects. In this case, it is very important to give an antihistamine at the first sign of allergy. Another dangerous phenomenon when bitten is infectious diseases, the carriers of which are some insects.

Infectious type rash in children

The appearance of a rash in a child throughout the body very often occurs due to infectious diseases. Some of them are common in childhood, because after a child gets sick, he develops one hundred percent immunity. Cases of reinfection occur very rarely. If the rash appears due to infection, then the symptoms will be fever and a small rash on the child’s body; chills, cough, runny nose, lack of appetite, and general malaise are also added here.

In childhood, the most common diseases accompanied by a rash are the following:

• Varicella (chickenpox). This disease is highly contagious and is easily transmitted by airborne droplets. The incubation period lasts 2-3 weeks. General malaise, accompanied by a moderate increase in temperature, sometimes slight abdominal pain, occurs 1-2 days before the onset of the rash. Then a small rash appears on the child’s body, which is located chaotically, not affecting only the feet and palms. At first it looks like a red spot, which in the shortest possible time turns into a papule, and that, in turn, into a vesicle with an infectious liquid inside. At the site where it breaks through, either naturally or mechanically (during combing) a crust forms. The rashes are accompanied by itching, but you should not scratch them, as you can spread the infection even further. Chickenpox is characterized by the fact that during the illness there are several spots that are completely covered with a crust. Then they disappear completely, leaving small scars that disappear after a while. This happens approximately on the tenth day from the onset of the rash. It is not recommended to visit public places during illness. After recovery, the child develops lifelong immunity to chickenpox. Re-infection occurs only due to reduced immunity and under stress.
• Measles. A highly contagious infectious disease transmitted by airborne droplets. Nowadays, measles rarely appears, mainly in the form of short outbreaks in certain regions. The latent form of the disease lasts about 2-4 weeks, then within about four days the first signs of the disease begin to appear, which can easily be confused with a cold or indigestion: cough, runny nose, loose stools, fever, which can rise to 40 degrees. After this period, rashes begin, which are cyclical. First, white spots appear on the inside, which look like semolina porridge. These spots are a very important symptom of measles. Then rashes appear on the face and neck, go down to the chest, shoulders, stomach and back, and then a rash appears on the child’s body on the legs and arms. On the fourth day, the primary symptoms begin to subside, and the rash begins to subside. At the site of the spots, the skin becomes brown, then begins to peel off and clears up after 7-14 days. During measles, the rash may itch a little, and sometimes small bruises appear. Sometimes individual spots can merge into a continuous surface. It is worth noting that some manifestations of measles may occur within 10 days after receiving the live measles vaccine.
• Rubella is a contagious viral disease transmitted by airborne droplets. The incubation period can last up to three weeks. At the end of this period, a slight increase in temperature, general malaise, joint pain, and inflamed cervical lymph nodes may occur. Then a small rash appears on the child’s body. It starts on the forehead and cheeks and spreads throughout the body. Favorite places for rubella are the areas around the joints, knees, elbows and buttocks. The rash with this disease does not affect the child’s feet and palms. After about four days, the rashes stop, and after a week there is no trace left of them.
• Roseola is a contagious disease that every infant can encounter. The first signs will be fever, sore throat and enlarged lymph nodes. Then a small rash appears on the child’s body, similar to rubella rashes.

• Scarlet fever is an infectious disease caused by streptococcus. It is transmitted by airborne droplets; there are no vaccinations against this disease. The latent phase lasts about a week. Then an elevated temperature appears (up to 38-40 degrees), the lymph nodes become enlarged and symptoms of sore throat appear. The tongue becomes covered with a white coating. When cleared, it becomes a bright crimson color with pronounced papillae. After 1-2 days, a rash begins, which first affects the face, then the neck and everything else. Most of the rashes are in the groin, in the elbows, on the inside of the arms and legs, in the fold area. At first the rash is bright in color, but as it decreases the spots begin to fade. A clear sign of scarlet fever is a pale nasolabial triangle against a background of bright red cheeks. This occurs because the rash does not affect this area and the skin in this area does not turn red. After 4-7 days, the rash goes away, but leaves behind peeling. The sore throat has to be treated for some more time.
• Infectious mononucleosis is an infection belonging to the herpes viruses and is not very contagious. Characteristic signs of mononucleosis are inflammation of the lymph nodes, enlargement of the spleen and liver, body aches, tonsils covered with plaque, and fever. A rash with this disease occurs very rarely. If rashes do appear, they look like a small pink rash that does not itch and goes away without a trace within a few days.
• Meningococcal infection. This is a very dangerous disease that requires immediate therapeutic action, since delay can lead to the death of the patient. Meningococcus is a bacterium that lives in the nasopharynx of 5-10% of people and does not cause concern. Due to viral infections or decreased immunity, the active phase of bacterial growth may begin, leading to dangerous consequences. Transmitted by air. When it enters the bloodstream, it travels to the brain, causing meningitis. In this case, no rash is observed. The main symptoms are fever, drowsiness, vomiting, loose stools, stiff neck, confusion, and the child cannot touch his chin to his chest. Symptoms develop very quickly. Meningococcus can also cause sepsis. It is very dangerous! The temperature can rise to 41 degrees and be accompanied by uncontrollable vomiting. Within a few hours, a rash appears that has an uneven star-shaped shape and a bright purple or bluish color; there is no itching. Individual rashes may merge into one large dark purple spot. On the feet and palms, this fusion forms “socks” and “gloves.” In such cases, the skin in these areas may die. Sometimes meningitis and sepsis occur simultaneously. Meningococcal infection is deadly! At the first symptoms, you should immediately go to an infectious diseases hospital. With this disease, every second counts. Before the ambulance arrives, you need to lay the child on the floor with his legs elevated; if he loses consciousness, lay him on his side, and do not give him anything to drink or eat.

• Scabies. This disease is caused by the scabies mite. The rash is localized between the fingers, in the groin area, on the wrists, legs, butt and anywhere there is thin skin. The rash is accompanied by severe itching, which occurs as the tick passes under the child's skin. Scabies is highly contagious.

The difference between an infectious rash and a non-infectious one

An infectious rash is necessarily accompanied by additional symptoms, while a non-infectious rash occurs with virtually no third-party manifestations. So, the temperature will always indicate the infectious nature of the disease. Rashes without external symptoms do not pose a serious danger. A photo of a rash on a child’s body (without fever the disease is not so dangerous) is not a very pleasant sight.

Itching without rash

Sometimes parents are alarmed by a situation in which the child is itching, but external causes cannot be noticed. Body itching in a child without a rash can be for several reasons, but the final conclusion can be made only after seeing a doctor and undergoing certain tests:

A rash is not an independent disease, but a symptom. Therefore, first of all, you need to find the cause of the rash. It is not recommended to self-medicate even in situations where parents are confident that they know the cause. In any case, you should consult a doctor. Therapy will depend on the diagnosis and condition of the sick child:

• If an allergic reaction is confirmed, it is necessary to avoid contact with the allergen and take antihistamines.
• For chickenpox, treatment will be aimed at relieving symptoms - antipyretic drugs and antihistamines are prescribed to help relieve itching. Rashes can be burned with brilliant green. It is allowed to bathe the child, but only by gently pouring water over it.

• For measles and rubella, treatment is also aimed at relieving symptoms - an antipyretic for high temperatures, cough and runny nose medicine, and drinking plenty of fluids.
• For mononucleosis, antihistamines, antipyretic and choleretic drugs, vitamins and immunomodulators are prescribed.
• Scarlet fever is a bacterial infection that is treated with penicillin antibiotics. Drinking plenty of fluids, bed rest, and medications to relieve symptoms are also recommended.
• Meningococcal infection is the most dangerous bacterial infection, with a high risk of death. At the slightest symptoms, you should immediately call an ambulance. Treatment is only inpatient; it is impossible to relieve symptoms at home. Antibiotics, anticonvulsant therapy, cardiovascular drugs, administration of saline solutions, etc. will be used for treatment.

Prevention of infectious diseases is vaccination. It is strictly forbidden to pick off the rashes, squeeze them out or comb them.

Dangerous symptoms

There are some symptoms that accompany the rash, and for which you should immediately call an ambulance:

• The rash covers the entire area of ​​the body.
• There is unbearable itching.
• There is a fever.
• Accompanied by swelling, vomiting, loss of consciousness and nausea.
• The most dangerous sign is if the rash looks like star-shaped hemorrhages.

Conclusion

In most cases, the rash is not serious. But it is worth remembering the serious diseases that it can accompany. Therefore, if a rash appears on a child’s body with fever and other symptoms, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Various infectious lesions often lead to similar problems. In order to avoid possible complications, you should consult a doctor. The location of the rash may vary. Any part of the body can fall into the zone of active rashes.

1.Rash in a child in the form of red dots most often provoked by allergic reactions. First of all, this is the diet, as well as clothing that fits the body. Often the rash is expressed by dotted oval or round spots. Its elevation above other parts of the body is not observed. The rash is only noticeable because of its color. The appearance of characteristic points occurs due to strong blood filling; they sometimes have edges and edges, and they can also be solid. The problem is divided into two main types:

• roseola - the specificity of this species is considered to be small in size from 3-30 mm;
• erythema - this subspecies is distinguished by its significant size, which starts from 3 cm.

They are most often located in the chest area and have a characteristic bright scarlet color.
2. Pimple-like rash- this is the main reaction to various internal or external environmental factors. They arise due to allergies, as well as infectious diseases. This problem has different types and forms. It can be represented by pustules that rise above the skin level and create a rounded void. Their sizes are quite large, about 1-1.5 mm in height. The main cause is considered to be an allergic reaction, accompanied by redness and itching. A similar rash in a child can also be associated with a hereditary factor. This disease is often transmitted from mother to child. Stress also often provokes a similar skin reaction.

Dermatologists divide pathology into 4 categories:

• Dry rashes- the formation of such redness occurs in the winter season, most often they are formed due to compaction of the stratum corneum of the epidermis. Treatment is carried out with cosmetics that remove dead particles and moisturize the skin.
• Watery - their appearance can be caused by various reasons (consumption of poor-quality nutrition, diathesis, use of bad cosmetics - creams, shampoos, foams, soaps). They are accompanied by severe itching. They are often symptoms of chickenpox, rubella, measles, scabies and dyshidrosis.
• Ulcers - a similar rash in the form of acne in a child may initially look like small red dots, but after a few days changes begin to form. Regular spots fill with pus. This problem is often caused by streptococcal and staphylococcal infections. You need to undergo a clinical blood and urine test, and then consult a doctor. It is necessary to give up sweets so as not to create an active environment for the proliferation of pathogens.
• Subcutaneous pimples - they arise due to blockage of the ducts with plugs that form from the sebaceous glands. Most often, this phenomenon goes away on its own, but if there are no changes, then it is still worth contacting a specialist.

3. Blistering rash- its manifestation can lead to a number of serious diseases.

• Pemphigus - it can be fatal. Damage to the immune system begins to occur when the body fights healthy and strong cells.
• Dermatitis herpetiformis is considered an autoimmune disease. This disease manifests itself in the form of blisters and blisters on the skin.

Similar types of infectious rashes in children can take two forms: they occupy about 50% of the child’s body or form on different parts of it. Often appear in a separate area and form only small itchy, round redness. Often occur due to systemic, skin or infectious diseases, as well as allergic reactions. After healing, the bubble will disappear and leave no traces. To begin therapy, it is necessary to identify the underlying cause and stage of the disease; for this, you must go to see a doctor.

4. Rash in the form of spots- represented by small redness of various colors. The color will depend on the skin pigment. If melanin is present, then, accordingly, the spots will be darker.

This type of skin rash in children is characteristic of such ailments as rubella, measles, scarlet fever, various diseases and skin tumors. The formation can be caused by various pathogens. This type of rash tends to merge into large spots. The lesion often worsens in the chest area. It should also be noted that pimples can appear due to contact, food and drug allergies.

Photos of the main elements of the rash

There are the following types of rashes in a child:

Characteristic location

Different types of skin rashes in children have their own locations. The rash can be located on almost any part of the body, causing itching, irritation and even severe pain.

• a rash forms on the elbow and arms, wrists, forearms;
• can form on the legs, more often on the inside, the main reason for this is an allergic reaction to food, but more serious cases also occur;
• the rash affects the face, and the cheeks are considered the focal point;
• The torso also undergoes this process; often rashes form in the chest area, and also in the scapular area.

Causes

The types of rash can be different, and the factor behind their appearance can be the same or different, so you need to determine why it occurred. For a child’s body, such a phenomenon is considered normal, since it is a reaction to external factors. There are main reasons why various rashes may appear:

1. Allergic reaction is the most common factor and is most often caused by food, pollen, pet dander, cosmetics, clothing, medications and insect bites. It is necessary to treat types of allergic rashes in children under the supervision of a doctor, since an uncontrolled reaction can develop into Quincke's edema or anaphylactic shock.
2. Severe stress- there are cases when the baby becomes covered with significant spots due to intense experiences. After time, they disappear on their own.
3. Insect bites- Even if a child does not have any type of allergy, a mosquito bite can leave unpleasant spots that are very itchy. Parents need time to notice the wound and treat it correctly. This type of rash goes away on its own after some time. If uncharacteristic large spots are noticed on the baby after a bite, it means that there is an allergic reaction.
4. Mechanical damage- various types of rashes in a child without fever can form due to tight and tight clothing, and they go away on their own after a certain time.
5. Infectious diseases- small spots on the body may indicate infection with rubella, chickenpox, scarlet fever, measles and even meningitis.
6. Bleeding disorder- the baby's skin begins to become covered with small bruises and bruises.
7. Allergy to sun or cold- it is recommended to consider this category separately, since the mechanism of such a reaction differs significantly from the standard reaction to cats or citrus fruits. This ailment can be attributed to seasonal problems.

When to call a doctor

Sometimes there may be little time to determine the type of rash in children, since the child may have a high fever, so you need to call a doctor immediately. In addition, the main danger factors include severe shortness of breath, swelling of the tongue and face, incredible headache, drowsiness, loss of consciousness and vomiting. If the rash turns brown, maroon or black in color, its elements are located deep in the skin and do not turn pale when pressed, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Viral infections

Photos of the types of rashes in children that are caused by viruses are different, and they can be considered further. Such pathologies include the following diseases.

1. Measles- it causes a small rash, initially crimson-red in the mouth, and then throughout the body. A phenomenon often observed is the merging of elements that create irregularly shaped foci of influence. She experiences a high fever. Very rarely, but still the disease can be quite severe and lead to death. In the absence of vaccination, measles is very easily transmitted from person to person.
2. Rubella manifests itself as pink-red small spotty rashes that initially form on the head and then spread throughout the baby’s body. There may be complaints of sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, nasal congestion, fever and chills.
3. Chickenpox- spreads, as a rule, from top to bottom, initially on the scalp, and then observed on the chest, back and other areas. It appears as bright red small spots, which later degenerate into bubbles, and then burst and gradually dry out, forming crusts. If the case is advanced and severe, scars may remain. Accompanied by slight itching.
4. Herpes- manifests itself in the form of grouped blistering rashes inside the mouth or on the lips, which linger for several weeks. It also happens that this virus penetrates the nuclei of nerve cells, and the rash becomes chronic.
5. Infectious mononucleosis - is expressed in the form of densely located light red or pink spots with a diameter of 6-15 mm, with this disease they most often become painful. And then the occipital and cervical lymph nodes also enlarge. A sore throat almost always occurs; sometimes severe weakness, migraine, cough and fatigue begin to bother you.
6. Enteroviruses- appear as bubbles and are distributed throughout the body.
7. Roseola- these are pink spots that do not begin to appear immediately, but after the temperature has normalized. This usually occurs on days 4-5. Children aged 6 months to 3 years are most often affected.

Bacterial infections

Photos of the types of rashes in children who have a similar infection are presented below.

1. Scarlet fever- manifests itself in the form of minor millet-like rashes, with increased coloring in the folds of the skin. Everything is accompanied by slight itching, and as the rash subsides, plastic peeling forms. The disease is characterized by a pronounced change in the pharynx, a crimson-red tongue and acute pain in the throat.
2. Meningococcal infection- quite quickly forms small “blots” of red and blue color that resemble stars. There is always a high temperature.
3. Fungal infections of the epidermis(trichophytosis, ringworm, dermatomycosis). A clear sign of its presence is a ring-shaped formation that itches. Dandruff begins to form on the hair, and patchy baldness is possible.
4. Streptoderma- at the moment of illness, large blisters begin to appear, containing purulent contents, often with a yellowish-brown dry crust.

Allergic reactions

There are various types of rashes in children on the hands and throughout the body, which are provoked by poor diet, natural ingredients or things, such diseases include the following ailments.

1. Hives- similar in appearance to nettle burns, manifests itself as protruding bright red or pale pink blisters that suddenly appear and also subside. They present with severe itching and may experience extensive swelling.
2.Atopic dermatitis(diathesis, childhood eczema, neurodermatitis) - this type of rash appears in children on the elbows, neck, face, and also occurs on the legs, under the knees. The epidermis turns red and begins to peel, and sometimes weeping crusts are observed.

Other reasons

Very often, various rashes indicate problems in the functioning of internal organs. This:

• vascular ailments;
• changes in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract;
• renal failure.

Infant acne- the problem occurs in the first year of life in breastfed babies. It is a consequence of the activity of the sebaceous glands, and the cause is an increase in the level of maternal hormones.

Milia (whiteheads) - look like tiny “pearls” and form more often in infants. They pass by themselves, as they are of a physiological nature.

Erythema toxicum of the newborn- these are yellow blisters that can appear 2-5 days after birth. Typically, no action needs to be taken.

Scabies- expressed by pairs of dots, most often in the interdigital areas. There is severe itching, the source is mites that infect the skin.

Types of rashes in children under one year of age

In small children who are wrapped tightly or improperly bathed, heat rash can often be found. It appears as a scattering of small, non-itchy, red blisters that are concentrated in the natural folds of the skin.

Against the background of a tendency to allergies and immunodeficiency, diaper rash is formed, which is an area with a bright red, moist and swollen surface. Often located in the folds of the neck, buttocks and groin.

Often diaper rash turns into gluteal erythema - this is a concentration of bright red erosions and nodules.

Often, children's rash occurs due to an allergic factor; such ailments include urticaria and various dermatitis.

Toxic erythema, which forms in the first year of a child’s life, is considered completely harmless. This is a mixed rash consisting of papules and blisters. The rash will go away on its own within a few weeks.

Pemphigus of a newborn is a rather dangerous disease caused by staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or streptococci. After slight redness, bubbles with cloudy content begin to appear, which burst and form erosions. Often found on the thighs and around the navel.

Among the infectious diseases that cause a rash, one can distinguish congenital syphilis, the main symptom of which is considered to be syphilitic pemphigus. In this case, the rashes are presented in the form of dense blisters filled with a clear liquid, which becomes cloudy over time. Inflammations are very often present on the torso, face and almost always on the palms and soles.

Urgent Care

It is already known what types of rashes children have, now you need to figure out what to do to help your baby.

When, in addition to redness, the following symptoms are present, you should immediately call a doctor:

• significant and sudden increase in temperature;
• the child has difficulty breathing;
• there is a hemorrhagic stellate rash;
• rashes cover the entire body and cause significant itching;
• loss of consciousness and vomiting begins.

Prevention

In order to protect your baby from infection, you need to vaccinate him on time. To avoid an allergic reaction, you need to introduce complementary foods correctly and not rush into new products. It is necessary to accustom your child to a healthy diet and harden it. This will help set up children's immunity in the right way and the child will not have such problems.

If a rash is noticed on your body, do not panic and call the doctor immediately. It is necessary to figure out whether the case is really critical or whether it is just a reaction caused by eating a chocolate bar or an insect bite. For bathing, it is better to use herbal decoctions, and buy clothes made of cotton fabric. Dyes also often cause reactions on the body.

When an epidemic of rubella or chickenpox begins in a kindergarten, it is recommended to leave the baby at home, since the disease spreads very quickly from contaminated sources.

In summer, it is necessary to ventilate the room, and then use a fumigator.

Children should not be allowed to squeeze pimples or pop them. This often provokes the spread of infection.

Every parent is required to know the types of rashes and the causes of rashes in children in order to provide timely help to the child.

If your baby has a fever, you should definitely call a doctor.

The rash is a variety of changes on the skin. This disease most often appears in certain painful conditions. In order to determine the causes of the rash, it is necessary to first understand what types the different types of rashes are classified into.

• The rash may appear in patchy patches on small areas of skin that are pink, light, or other colors. The spot cannot be felt.
• Also, the rash may take the form of a papule in children, which is a small bump with a diameter of 5 mm. The papule is palpable and appears above the skin.
• The next type is a plaque that has a flattened appearance.
• There is also a form of pustule, which is characterized by a limited cavity with internal suppuration.
• And the last type is a bubble or vesicle with internal fluid and different sizes on the body.

Erythema toxicum

Newborn acne

Prickly heat

Some types of rashes primarily form in summer and spring. Since the release of sweat gland components is very difficult in the warm season. As a rule, rashes appear on the head, face and in the diaper rash area. looks like spots, pustules and blisters. Skin requires constant care.

Dermatitis

Atopic

Also called neurodermatitis. Many children suffer from this disease, but the symptoms can be completely different, depending on the individual characteristics of the body. As a rule, the disease is accompanied by eczema, runny nose, and asthma. Dermatitis appears in the form of red papules with liquid inside. In this case, the child feels itching, especially at night. Dermatitis appears on the face and cheeks, and also slightly on the extensor parts of the limbs. The skin peels off and becomes noticeably thickened.

Children under one year old suffer atopic dermatitis without consequences. However, if there is a hereditary predisposition, the disease can enter the chronic phase. Then the skin needs to be regularly treated with special products with a moisturizing effect.

Allergic

In children, due to individual intolerance to drugs and food, allergic reactions may occur. An allergic rash can have different sizes and spread on the body or face, as well as on the limbs. The most unfavorable effect of such an allergic rash on the body is itching.

An allergic reaction may be Quincke's edema. Occurs when interacting with certain foods or medications. The patient has difficulty breathing because the larynx is blocked. In this case, swelling forms in the legs and arms. also considered an allergic form of rash. It may occur due to certain foods, pills, as well as due to an allergic reaction to the sun or cold.

Infectious rash

What are the most common causes of rashes in a child? Typically, these are viral or bacterial infections, which are divided into types. Photos of them can be easily found and viewed on the Internet.

Erythema infectiosum

Erythema infectiosum is caused by parvovirus B19, which is transmitted by airborne droplets. The most common symptoms of the disease may be low fever, redness and the appearance of spots on the face, as well as on the body. The incubation period of the rash in a child ranges from 5 days to one month. Headaches and a slight cough are quite likely. The rash is especially pronounced on the extensor parts of the limbs and on the feet. Children with this disease are not contagious.

Sudden exanthema

Herpes infection type six can cause, otherwise called sudden. Children under two years of age are susceptible to this disease. The infection is transmitted by airborne droplets from adults. The incubation period can last from a week to two. This is followed by a prodromal period, which is not very pronounced. The child feels unwell, the throat turns red, the eyelids swell, the lymph nodes increase in size, and the temperature rises. Children are capricious and may experience seizures.

After a few days, the temperature drops and a small rash appears on the body, which in appearance resembles pink spots, they can be felt. After a couple of days they become invisible and gradually disappear.

Chicken pox

Chicken pox, otherwise known as chickenpox, is a viral disease that is similar in structure to herpes. A large number of children under the age of 15 suffer from this disease. Chickenpox is transmitted through the air. The latent period reaches three weeks. Before the rash appears, the child may have a headache and pain in the abdomen.

Rashes appear on the face and body in the form of initially red spots that turn into single-chamber vesicles. The liquid in the vesicles is initially light, but after a while becomes cloudy. The nature, structure and shape of this rash can be seen in the photo. As a rule, blisters on the skin become crusty. Then new rashes appear with a further increase in temperature.

• Read also:

When the spots pass, barely visible traces remain, which completely disappear after a week. It is forbidden to scratch the rash, as there may be scars on the skin.

In many children, such a virus can enter the next latent phase and become fixed in the nerve endings. In this regard, herpes zoster appears in the lumbar region. Photos of such a disease can be found on the Internet.

• Read also:

Meningococcal infection

A bacterium such as meningococcus is often found in the nasopharynx of almost every child, which is the norm. Usually, the infection is not considered dangerous, but under specific conditions, the disease can significantly reduce the quality of life of sick children and move into a more active phase of the disease.

If meningococcus is detected in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid after diagnosis, mandatory antibiotics should be taken in the clinic. If meningococcus enters the bloodstream, sepsis can occur.

This is a disease called blood poisoning. The disease is accompanied by a sharp rise in temperature and nausea. In the first days, growing rashes in the form of bruises appear on the child’s body. Most often, such bruises appear on the area, and scars often form. In some cases, small children with the development of sepsis may experience shock with a fatal outcome. Thus, it is necessary to immediately prescribe treatment after an accurate diagnosis is established, since it threatens negative consequences.

Measles

It is considered a fairly common disease, the incubation period lasts up to two weeks. During the week, general weakness and malaise of the whole body continues. In addition, children develop a dry cough, red eyes, and fever. On the inside of the cheeks you can notice small dots of white or gray tint, which disappear after a day. Next, rashes appear on the face, behind the ears, and gradually descend to the chest area. After a couple of days, rashes appear on the feet, and the patient’s face becomes pale.

The rash may be itchy, and often there are bruises at the site of the rash. As soon as the spots disappear, peeling remains, which goes away in just a week. If treatment is not started in time, children may develop otitis media, inflammation of the brain, or pneumonia. During treatment, specialists often use vitamin A, which significantly mitigates the effect of infection.

To reduce the risk of measles, children are subject to universal vaccination. A week after the vaccine is administered, small rashes may appear, which quickly disappear and are considered not dangerous to the health of children.