Small cystic transformation of the ovaries. Is cystic change in the ovaries always dangerous? Additional treatment methods

Cystic changes in the ovaries are a hormonal disease. In other words, the ovaries, which in itself, with timely treatment, does not pose a serious threat to women’s health. The worst thing that can happen is a lack of ovulation.

The ovaries produce not only female sex hormones (progesterone and estrogen), but also male ones (androgens). But when a cystic change occurs in the ovaries, the balance between them is disrupted. And due to the fact that the amount of androgen produced significantly exceeds the production of female sex hormones, ovulation does not begin.

The most important sign that indicates the presence of this disease is a large number of small cysts (follicles) in the ovary. For example, a cystic change in the right ovary during ultrasound examination will look like an ovary that is significantly increased in size. Along its structural periphery there are many small cysts. But in the initial stages, this disease is treated conservatively with hormonal drugs.

This disease is most often caused by dysfunction of the adrenal glands, female sex glands and thyroid gland, hypothalamic-pituitary system, as well as hereditary predisposition. Nowadays, this disease is increasingly associated with excess insulin, which can stimulate androgen production.

Ovarian cysts have a number of signs and symptoms. In 100% of women suffering from this disease, the symptoms are primary infertility, lack of ovulation, menstrual irregularities (like oligo-amenorrhea), and excessive body hair growth. An increase in the size of the ovaries is not always observed. More than 50% of women experience an increase in testosterone and LH levels, and hirsutism also occurs. And less than 50% of them suffer from acne, obesity or alopecia.

The most accurate and complete diagnosis is determined not only by ultrasound. This still requires other specific tests. It is necessary to donate blood for hormones and biochemical analysis. Tests for hidden infections, a smear for microflora and a clinical analysis of blood and urine will also be required.

There are true (primary) and secondary polycystic diseases. In the first case, it is a hereditary disease, and in the second, it is a consequence of ovarian disease. The cause may be stress, sudden weight loss or gain, taking contraceptives, or breastfeeding. If you do not resort to treatment in a timely manner, this can lead to infertility.

Cystic-glial changes in the ovaries are often observed, which are cicatricial-adhesive changes during surgical intervention. They themselves do not pose a danger, but only if the tumor does not continue to grow. Very often the cause of this disease is inflammation. The most important thing is that if an inflammatory process is detected, take timely measures to eliminate it. Otherwise, polycystic ovary syndrome will be quite difficult to cure.

Not so long ago it was believed that the only way to treat this pathology was surgery. Nowadays, the use of hormonal medications is first prescribed, provided there are no tubal factors of infertility. For those who are still sick and obese, weight loss is a prerequisite for therapy.

If the disease goes away for a long time without any treatment, it can lead to uterine cancer and even breast cancer. That is why all girls and women diagnosed with cystic changes in the ovaries must undergo periodic courses of treatment with hormonal drugs, starting from adolescence.

Cystic changes in the ovaries are usually diagnosed in women of reproductive age. These important organs are very often exposed to diseases.

A cyst is a new growth filled with fluid. Has a distinctly limited outline. It can reach 20 cm in diameter. The formation can develop in the area of ​​both the left and right ovary.

Cysts are divided into 3 types:

• follicular;
• endometrioid;
• dermoid.

Etiological factors

Scientists identify the following factors for the occurrence of cysts:

• onset of menstruation before age 12;
• repeated termination of pregnancy;
• bad habits;
• obesity;
• failure in the functioning of the endocrine system;
• inflammatory processes in the genital area and intestinal tract;
• diabetes;
• delayed menstrual cycle;
• use of medications in the treatment of breast cancer.

There are many reasons for the formation of a cyst, but it is very difficult to say what exactly influenced its formation without research.

Symptoms and diagnosis of the disease

The cyst is constantly developing, so the symptoms are divided into primary and secondary. At the initial stage, the formation does not manifest itself, and the menstrual cycle does not even change. A slight pain may be felt in the lower abdomen. It is discovered during a routine examination by a gynecologist.

The pedicle of the cyst often twists during physical activity, causing severe pain. It can put pressure on the intestines, causing obstruction. Cyst rupture, bleeding and infection are possible. This is already a secondary symptom.

Scientists say that the right ovary is most often affected. This is explained by its increased activity compared to the left. A cyst is detected on an ultrasound of the pelvic organs. The patient may be concerned about:

• feeling of heaviness in the pelvic area;
• periodic pain and discharge of blood clots from the vagina;
• pain when urinating;
• nausea after strenuous exercise.

Cystic formation leads to weight gain, abdominal enlargement, hypertension, dizziness and general weakness. This is a reason to urgently contact a specialist.

When making a diagnosis, the following methods are used:

• examination by a gynecologist;
• MRI and CT;
• puncture of the posterior vaginal fornix;
• blood test for tumor markers and general indicators;
• laparoscopic examination of a right ovarian cyst.

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Therapy methods

If discomfort occurs, you should avoid any type of physical activity and take a pain reliever. The method of therapy is selected only by the doctor. This even applies to alternative medicine.

There are only 2 methods of treating pathology:

• medicinal;
• surgical.

Drug therapy involves the use of hormonal contraceptives (oral). They normalize the menstrual cycle, stopping the growth of cysts and the maturation of follicles.
Anti-inflammatory medications relieve pain symptoms.

Surgical treatments include:

1. Laparoscopic cyst removal. During surgery, the surgeon pumps gas into the abdominal cavity and makes a small incision. The laparoscope inserted through it allows the doctor to determine the location of the formation and subsequently remove it.
2. Laparotomy. This is a traumatic type of surgery. A full incision is made into the peritoneal wall. The operation is performed under general anesthesia.

Recovery after surgery

During the rehabilitation period, it is imperative to follow all the recommendations of the attending physician, which will be given upon discharge from the hospital. This:

• sexual abstinence for 2 months after surgery;
• daily treatment of the seam with a disinfectant solution;
• refusal to take a bath for 15 days;
• exclusion for 30 days from eating fatty foods and alcoholic beverages;
• planning pregnancy no earlier than 3-4 months after the intervention;
• Regular visits to the doctor to monitor the recovery process.

During the rehabilitation period, it is allowed to use traditional medicine. Decoctions of medicinal plants are useful for general restoration of the body and as prophylactic agents. They are used in courses of 2-3 months. Treatment fees are prescribed by the doctor. They can be purchased at the pharmacy.

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With timely treatment, the prognosis is always favorable. But lack of therapy can lead to the development of complications:

• suppuration or rupture of the cyst;
• intra-abdominal bleeding;
• compression of nearby organs with a large cyst size.

For timely detection of neoplasms in the ovarian area, regular visits to the gynecologist are required. In advanced cases, complications are inevitable.

What to do if you are diagnosed with cystic ovarian change? What consequences might there be? If a gynecologist and an ultrasound specialist discover a similar pathology in a woman, then there is a problem associated with the thyroid gland, the pineal gland (located in the brain and responsible for the functioning of the endocrine system). The fact is that ovarian cystosis is a consequence, and not a direct pathology of the reproductive organs.

There are several types of ovarian cysts. For example, three-chamber and multi-chamber transformation pose a greater risk compared to a small cystic, single-chamber ovary.

Large cystic or small cystic ovarian degeneration occurs. That is, cysts that form in the reproductive organ have a certain size. Unfortunately, over time, the affected organs may increase in size. Therefore, timely and regular monitoring by an ultrasound specialist is necessary.

There is also cystic degeneration of the right or left ovary. Serious disruptions in the female body provoke dysfunction of both organs. Practice shows that a woman with at least one healthy ovary is able to become pregnant. On the contrary, with bilateral glandular cystic lesions it is impossible to conceive a child.

For what reason does it occur?

The most common cause is excess insulin production. Every person has female and male hormones. In representatives of the fairer sex, for the normal functioning of the endocrine system, the female hormone must prevail over the male one. If this is not the case, then a serious malfunction occurs in the body, and the endocrine system, directly connected to the reproductive organs, begins to suffer.

Cystic degeneration of one/two ovaries is almost always associated with an excess of the male hormone (androgen). In addition, imbalance occurs in other organs: adrenal glands, pancreas. Therefore, before prescribing treatment, the specialist will order a thorough examination to find the cause.

Heredity

After collecting an anamnesis from the doctor, you can hear that the pathology is hereditary. The patient's mother may have had a cystic formation. Treatment is prescribed only after examination.

Obesity

Obesity of any degree is also a common cause of cystic ovarian degeneration. The patient will be advised to change her diet, follow a diet and drinking regime.

Hormone therapy

Sometimes it’s not a matter of overeating, but a disease, taking basic therapy medications, course therapy, and prevention. We are talking about hormonal drugs (glucocorticosteroids) that can lead to ovarian dysfunction, disruption of the menstrual cycle and endocrine function.

Hormonal contraceptives are a common cause of glandular cystic ovarian lesions. You should stop taking oral medications unless you absolutely need them.

Medical error

Unprofessional gynecological examination, incorrect installation of the intrauterine device, unsuccessful ovarian surgery with infection in the patient’s body often becomes the cause of cystic transformation.

Nervous tension

Stress and depression easily provoke hormonal imbalance and a sharp increase in insulin. As a result, the functional activity of the ovaries is disrupted. Until nervous tension is eliminated, treatment is ineffective, and recovery will not come soon.

Climate change

Moving to a new place of residence with a climate different from your native land is often the cause of hormonal imbalance:

• sudden change in temperature, air humidity;
• change of national dishes;
• moral adaptation to new living conditions.

Of course, not every woman who moves, for example, from Central Russia to a warm country, develops a cystic change in the ovary over time, but this fact should be taken into account.

Symptoms

Small cystic changes in the ovaries do not have specific symptoms. The disorder can only be noticed during an ultrasound examination or surgical intervention for another case. But you can consider the main signs that characterize the presence of a problem:

• oily, greasy skin;
• there are acne (blackheads) and blackheads on the face;
• high fatigue;
• constant ;
• menstrual irregularities/absence of menstruation;
• rapid growth of body hair is observed;
• obesity;
• diabetes;
• thyroid disease.

Several of the listed signs are a serious reason to contact a gynecologist to confirm the suspicion or absence of cystic ovarian degeneration.

Conservative treatment options

The patient visits a gynecologist and undergoes an examination. If necessary, the specialist sends for additional research:

• • hormone tests.
  • vaginal smear;
  • blood chemistry;
  • general blood analysis;
  • Ultrasound of the pelvis;

It is possible, at the doctor’s discretion, to visit other specialists: endocrinologist, urologist and others. If small cystic changes in the ovaries are confirmed, the exact cause is established, the woman is prescribed treatment and given recommendations. In most cases, treatment for a cystic ovary involves taking hormonal medications (birth control pills). Quite often, the doctor prescribes injections with aloe. In particularly severe cases, surgical intervention may be prescribed:

• • — removal of degenerative ovarian tissues using punctures of the abdominal wall;
  • laparotomy - abdominal surgery to remove the cyst and nearby modified tissues;
  • oophorectomy - removal of a cystic formation along with the ovary.

Sometimes the patient is indicated for physical therapy to restore the functions of the affected systems and organs. In the event that the prescribed therapy does not bring any benefit or the effect is due to the underlying cause, and cystic ovarian degeneration has been and remains, surgical treatment may be prescribed.

Herbal medicine and naturopathy

Modern medicine disagrees about the choice of treatment for the patient. Practice shows that pharmaceuticals help some people, and herbal medicine helps others. You should consult your doctor about the choice of therapy. Before starting a course of health restoration, you should make sure that there are no allergies or contraindications to one or another component.

Herbal medicine has found its application in the treatment of not only glandular cystic disease of the reproductive organs, but also the underlying causes. A competent specialist will select the most suitable treatment regimen with herbs, infusions, seeds and flowers.

The use of herbs requires the patient to have willpower and the desire to complete the course of treatment to the end. You need to be very careful. For example, a doctor prescribes plantain, which is taken at the beginning of the monthly cycle.

Borovaya uterus, red cheek - these two plants are popular in herbal medicine. Sometimes they give more effect than pharmaceutical drugs.

Meadowsweet, raspberry leaves in combination help the reproductive organs restore damaged cells.

A cystic change in the right/left ovary can be successfully treated with natural remedies according to the recommendations given by the attending physician.

Find out how to quickly get rid of a cyst in the article ""

A woman who has been diagnosed with a pathology in the reproductive organs should change her lifestyle and limit herself in many ways:

• avoid nervous overload;
• give up alcohol, caffeine, and smoking;
• exclude any physical activity;
• postpone until recovery;
• Healthy food;
• do not steam in a sauna, bathhouse, or take hot baths.

All contraindications for cystic ovaries should be discussed with the doctor who prescribed the treatment.

Forecasts for a woman with pathology

Treatment cannot be delayed. An advanced disease can lead to serious illnesses, including the degeneration of a cyst into a malignant tumor.
Endometriosis is also a cause of advanced disease. Taken together, these pathologies require more serious and lengthy treatment.

The left, right or both affected reproductive organs always give complications to:

• cardiovascular system;
• kidneys;
• endocrine system.

In addition, cystic degeneration of the left and right ovaries together lead to infertility. Even if one organ is affected, over time the second one will be affected. If the pathology is not treated, the woman will remain infertile.

This article should convince the fairer sex that it is necessary to treat the disease, even if a small cystic transformation of the ovaries is detected, which does not pose a threat in the near future.

In addition, examinations can last a very long time. The sooner treatment is started, the greater the chance of saving the reproductive organs from infertility and malignant degeneration of cysts. Trouble can happen at any age:

• teenage;
• young (18-25 years old);
• mature (26-45 years old);
• during menopause.

An effective remedy for CYSTS without surgery and hormones, recommended by Irina Yakovleva!

Infertility is a difficult diagnosis for a woman. It can be caused by various reasons, including cystic ovarian degeneration. This is a functional pathology, which consists in the fact that mature eggs do not leave the follicle, therefore, fertilization becomes impossible. The main reason is a violation of hormonal regulation in the female body; its normalization in most cases leads to successful treatment.

Polycystic ovarian change

Ovarian multicystic disease (polycystic, cystic degeneration) is a structural and functional abnormality of the ovaries. In a healthy body, at a certain point in the monthly cycle, a mature follicle of the gonad ruptures and an egg ready for fertilization emerges. This process is called ovulation. If for some reason it does not occur, the function of the organ is impaired.

An unbursted follicle continues to grow and develop. It looks like a bubble filled with liquid. This is a functional ovarian cyst. The walls of the bladder stretch over time, and the cyst enlarges. Even in healthy women, such malfunctions in the functioning of the gonads can occur from time to time, but sometimes they become systemic, and then all the follicles develop according to the cystic type. Ovulation of germ cells stops, without which conception and pregnancy are impossible.

A woman's gonads that have undergone cystic changes increase in size. Their structure changes: numerous follicular cysts appear, resembling a bunch of grapes. The pathology can be one-sided (less often) or affect both ovaries at once. In the first case, it is possible for a woman to preserve her reproductive function, since one gland continues to function normally. Bilateral degeneration is equivalent to infertility.

Causes of cystic degeneration of the gonads

Violations of the established mechanisms of functioning of the female reproductive system are based on hormonal imbalances. In a woman’s body, the male sex hormone androgen begins to be produced in increased quantities. There is a theory linking polycystic pathologies with an abnormal decrease in the sensitivity of body tissues to insulin.

Young women with unrealized reproductive function and girls during puberty (primary polycystic disease) are most susceptible to developing the disease. This is due to the special hormonal situation in their body.

Pathology can be triggered by any sudden changes in hormonal levels, which can be caused by factors such as:

• taking oral contraceptives;
• treatment with hormonal drugs;
• abortions complicated by pregnancy;
• diseases of the endocrine system (thyroid, hypothalamic-pituitary system, adrenal glands);
• type 2 diabetes mellitus;
• hyperandrogenism of any etiology;
• puberty of the female body;
• dramatic changes in climate and diet;
• stressful situations;
• overweight, obesity.

In addition, polycystic ovary syndrome can develop against the background of inflammatory gynecological diseases or be hereditarily acquired.

The immediate cause of the disorder is the thickening of the capsule of the ovarian follicle, which does not rupture at the right time.

Symptoms and diagnosis of multicystic pathology

1. A woman can observe the implementation of its function by the gonad every month. The first symptom of the pathology is a disruption of the menstrual cycle or even a complete absence of menstruation (hypo-oligomenorrhea - rare and short periods; their complete absence).
2. Change in the general condition of the patient. Hormonal imbalances affect your well-being and mood. The woman becomes irritable, becomes depressed, and complains of headaches and increased fatigue.
3. In the pelvis, pain syndrome may develop in the projection of the ovaries.
4. There is an unreasonable increase in body weight, obesity.
5. Hirsutism is observed - increased hair growth on the body and face according to the male type, skin and hair become oily, and acne appears.
6. Endocrine disorders lead to the development of fibrocystic mastopathy.

The described symptoms are often perceived as signs of puberty or PMS and rarely serve as a reason to see a doctor. Most often, it is futile attempts to get pregnant, carried out over a long period of time, that lead a woman to a gynecologist.

It is possible to detect ovarian degeneration during a routine gynecological examination or during an ultrasound examination prescribed to diagnose other diseases. Pathological polycystic ovaries are enlarged in size and consist of a cluster of degenerated follicles.

Clinical tests determine:

• high levels of sugar and insulin in the patient’s blood;
• increased levels of androgens (testosterone, androstenedione) and luteinizing hormone, which is responsible for regulating the ovulation process; level of fats in the blood.

To confirm the diagnosis, a transvaginal or transabdominal ultrasound examination is prescribed, and, if necessary, laparoscopic diagnosis. All these methods reveal enlarged ovaries with a changed cystic structure and a reduced uterus.

Before prescribing treatment, the doctor conducts an analysis of the microflora of the reproductive system and concomitant infectious diseases.

How to treat cystic ovarian degeneration?

Not so long ago, surgery was considered the main treatment method for polycystic ovarian pathologies. The abnormal ovary was excised, and the part most affected by cysts was removed. After the operation, there was a high probability of developing complications and adhesions, and the woman’s reproductive ability was not always restored.

Conservative treatment with hormonal drugs (antiandrogens, estrogens, natural progestins in various combinations) was carried out less often. After this, the menstrual cycle was often restored, but the causes of the disease were not eliminated, and infertility treatment was not always effective. In addition, secondary symptoms (overweight, oily skin) remained and worsened.

With the development of medicine and the advent of new drugs, treatment of multicystic ovarian degeneration has become more effective. It depends on the progress of the disease and the degree of disruption of reproductive and endocrine functions.

Drug therapy

1. Normalization of the patient’s body weight by following a therapeutic diet and moderate physical activity. This measure leads to a partial (or complete) restoration of hormonal balance.
2. Prescription of glucose-lowering drugs (metformin, glitazones) and agents that increase insulin sensitivity of tissues for several months (up to six months).
3. Finally, ovulation stimulants (dopamine antagonists, Clomiphene, Metrodin, Menogon, Menopur) are prescribed.

Radical surgical treatment

The operation is indicated in the absence of positive changes in the ovaries after drug therapy. The part of the organ affected by the cysts is removed through small incisions in the abdominal wall. As a result, the production of androgens sharply decreases, after a few weeks the menstrual cycle is restored and ovulation normalizes.

It is possible to carry out laparoscopic electro- or laser coagulation of the gonads, during which the destruction of pathological areas is carried out.

Six months after a successful operation, a woman can plan a pregnancy. Fertility is restored in 70% of cases.

Polycystic degeneration of the female reproductive glands is a serious pathology that can lead to dangerous complications, including the development of oncological processes. With timely and correct treatment, a woman’s reproductive function is completely restored.

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Ovarian cystosis is a gynecological disease. Often accompanied by a malfunction of the appendages and other disorders in the body associated with hormonal imbalance. This pathology is diagnosed in women of any age, but its manifestation is most common during the reproductive period.

Classification

There are several types of formations, differing in size, cause of occurrence, growth rate, and capsule contents. The least dangerous to health are cysts that arise as a result of menstrual irregularities and other types of cysts that have a single-chamber structure.

The disease is divided into two main types according to the diameter of the detected formations - large cystic and small cystic changes in the ovaries.

Most often, the functional type of pathology, which arose under the influence of a disruption in the menstrual cycle, is found in young women. Epithelial or cystic-solid formations of the ovary, independent of the course of the cycle, are diagnosed at any age. Large cysts are most often present in women over 40 years of age.

The most common types of cystic formations of the right and left ovaries:

1. Follicular. They develop in the absence of ovulation from an unbursted follicle containing an egg. A functional formation can disappear on its own in 2-3 months.
2. Corpus luteum cyst. A consequence of hormonal imbalance, taking oral contraceptives and medications to stimulate ovulation. It is formed from the corpus luteum, which appears at the site of the follicle immediately after the release of the egg. Functional small cystic ovarian degeneration, often resolves on its own.
3. Dermoid. They develop in infancy and indicate the presence of disorders during intrauterine development. Contains tissue from hair, nails, teeth, etc. They can only be removed surgically and rarely pose a serious health hazard.
4. Hemorrhagic. Most often they develop from functional cysts. Filled with blood clots. Accompanied by menstrual irregularities.
5. Endometrioid. Small cystic transformation of the ovaries occurs with a long course of endometriosis. Contains brown liquid mixed with blood. To eliminate it, surgery is necessary.
6. Paraovarian. A slow-growing species that can reach large sizes in the absence of medical intervention for a long time. These cystic formations in the ovary are removed only during surgery.
7. Serous. They often cause cancer of the appendages and have the ability to reach large sizes.
8. Mucinous. Multilocular cystic formation of the ovary. Each capsule is filled with mucus. Capable of growing quickly and increasing to enormous sizes. Prone to malignancy.
9. Papillary. They have many papillae on the surface. They are removed by surgery due to the risk of cancer.

Only functional types of cystic formations of the left or right ovary may not require treatment. Their occurrence is a reason to check your hormonal levels.

Reasons for development

There are many reasons that contribute to the development of cystic ovarian degeneration. This pathology occurs as a result of diseases of the genital organs, under the influence of external factors. The patient’s lifestyle is of no small importance.

Genetic predisposition

The risk of developing a cystic change in the right or left ovary increases if this pathology is present in the patient’s immediate relatives. Often such diseases occur in a woman’s mother or grandmother. People should pay special attention to their own health if they have cancer.

Excess weight

Obesity is a consequence of hormonal imbalance in the body. It is aggravated by non-compliance with diet and a healthy lifestyle. Changing the diet will help the patient get rid of extra pounds, normalize the functioning of the endocrine organs and speed up the healing process.

Read also Restoring fertility in resistant ovarian syndrome

Taking hormonal drugs

The condition of the appendages is affected by taking any hormone-containing drugs, including oral contraceptives. If they are selected incorrectly or self-prescribed without first taking blood tests to determine hormonal levels, the functionality of the ovaries is impaired. This is manifested by the appearance of cysts, irregular menstrual cycles, weight changes, and deterioration of the skin and hair.

If oral contraceptives are selected incorrectly, a woman experiences many side effects from taking them - depression, changes in blood pressure, headaches, nausea.

Medical error

This factor includes careless or incorrect performance of gynecological manipulations. Diseases of the female sphere can develop after the following procedures:

• unsuccessful installation of an intrauterine device;
• damage resulting from gynecological examination and colposcopy;
• incorrectly performed surgical operation;
• infection due to lack of treatment of medical instruments.

To receive quality services, you should contact only trusted specialists. Recommendations from friends and reviews on the Internet will help with this.

Chronic stress

Constant nervous tension provokes a malfunction of the adrenal glands, which begin to work with high intensity. This leads to general hormonal imbalance in the body, including cystic ovarian degeneration.

Climate change

Under the influence of climate change, the body begins to adapt to the parameters of the new environment. As a result, a woman may experience a general deterioration in her health. There is also a possibility of hormonal imbalance, but this phenomenon often goes away on its own and rarely causes pathologies of the appendages.

Symptoms of the disease

With small cystic ovaries, signs of abnormality rarely occur. A woman begins to feel the first symptoms when the diameter of the formations reaches more than 4-7 centimeters.

The main sign of the occurrence of functional pathology is a long delay in menstruation in the absence of pregnancy.

Symptoms of ovarian cystosis in women:

• pulling and pressing pain in the lower abdomen;
• irregular menstrual cycle;
• increased pain during physical activity and sexual intercourse;
• nausea;
• an increase in the size of the abdomen, its asymmetry;
• increased urination;
• constipation;
• heart rhythm disturbances;
• weight gain;
• prolonged absence of conception;
• general deterioration of health.

In the presence of malignant cystic degeneration of the right or left ovary, patients report weakness, fatigue, and loss of appetite. As the cancer progresses, the intensity of the symptoms increases, and severe pain appears in the abdominal area. With metastasis, signs of the disease appear in the affected organs.

Diagnostic measures

To detect cystic ovarian degeneration, a number of diagnostic tests are required. They are aimed at identifying the type of pathology and the cause of its occurrence.

Diagnostic methods:

• interviewing the patient - determining the regularity of the menstrual cycle, the presence of childbirth and abortion, symptoms of the disease;
• gynecological examination - assessment of the condition of the internal genital organs, their size, soreness, deviations in structure;
• blood sampling for hormonal analysis;
• Ultrasound of the pelvis - determination of the size of cystic formations on the ovaries and their type, the condition of the appendages;
• blood tests for tumor markers - identification of a malignant process;
• taking a smear from the vagina - assessment of local microflora, detection of possible infectious microorganisms, blood impurities;
• MRI - assessment of the size of the ovarian cystic formation and its type by obtaining images of several projections of the pelvis.

Hormonal examination includes analysis of the levels of the following hormones:

• luteinizing - LH;
• follicle-stimulating - FSH;
• estradiol;
• progesterone;
• testosterone;
• insulin;
• cortisol;
• 17-OH progesterone;
• thyroxine – T4;
• triiodothyronine – T3;
• thyrotropin - TSH.

If insulin levels are altered, an additional analysis of blood glucose concentration should be performed.

These studies allow us to assess the functionality of the appendages, hypothalamus and thyroid gland.

Read also Causes of insufficiency of paired female gonads

Treatment methods

All types of treatment for cystic changes in the ovaries are aimed at eliminating the cause of the disease and the complete disappearance of the formation. The type of therapy is selected depending on the type of pathology, its size and the individual characteristics of the woman.

Taking medications

Medicines do not help in all cases of cystic ovarian degeneration. Drug therapy is prescribed to patients for the following indications:

• small size of education;
• presence of hormonal imbalance;
• the ability of pathology to resolve under the influence of drugs;
• damage to only one appendage;
• detection of a functional cyst;
• impossibility of surgical intervention.

To treat the pathology, a woman should take a set of drugs:

• hormonal – restore the functioning of endocrine organs;
• oral contraceptives - give the ovaries the opportunity to rest and recover, normalize hormonal levels;
• absorbable - help reduce the size of the formation or its complete disappearance;
• immunostimulants – increase the level of immunity;
• anti-inflammatory – eliminate the inflammatory process in the genitals;
• antibacterial - necessary in the presence of a genital tract infection.

All of these drugs are prescribed strictly based on test results.

Operation

It is considered the most effective method of treating epithelial cysts of the appendages. In the presence of functional formation, it is rarely used. Types of surgical intervention for cystosis of the appendages:

• cystectomy – removal of only the formation, used when the risk of oncology is low and there is no germination of the cyst capsule into the ovary;
• resection of the appendage - removal of the affected tissues of the organ and the formation itself, has little effect on its subsequent functionality;
• oophorectomy – complete removal of the ovary with a cyst, necessary in case of rupture of the pathology or torsion of its stem, the risk of cancer cells;
• hysterectomy - removal of all genital organs, necessary for oncology or bilateral damage to the appendages.

All surgical interventions are performed in two ways - laparoscopic and laparotomy.

The length of rehabilitation depends on the type of surgery. The recovery period after cystectomy is considered the shortest. The rehabilitation period increases when the genital organs are removed.

Traditional medicine recipes

Folk remedies are used as an adjunct to surgical or drug treatment. They can be used as independent therapy in the presence of functional formations on the appendages.

Recipes for ovarian cystosis:

• a decoction of meadowsweet and raspberries in equal proportions - used for general health of the genital organs, treatment of endometriosis;
• a decoction of hogweed and/or red brush in the second half of the cycle - stabilizes progesterone production, regulates the frequency of menstruation;
• plantain juice or tincture - taken daily for several months improves a woman’s health;
• a decoction of a mixture of sage, chamomile mallow and oak bark - used for douching or soaking tampons;
• Burdock juice – used internally or as a compress, promotes the resorption of cysts.

Before using any traditional medicine, you should make sure that there is no interaction with prescribed medications.

Additional treatment methods

In combination with the main therapy, the patient needs to change her lifestyle. To do this, she needs to follow some recommendations from experts:

• drawing up a diet - the daily menu should contain a large amount of vegetables and fruits, and fried, smoked, fatty, sweet and flour foods should be limited;
• regular workouts 2-3 times a week - increase body tone, get rid of excess weight, normalize blood flow;
• attending physiotherapy courses - galvanophoresis, magnetic therapy, acupuncture, mud therapy - improves overall well-being and promotes the resorption of formations;
• visiting a doctor to constantly monitor your recovery progress.

Physical activity may be completely prohibited if there is a large cyst or in the early postoperative period.

Prevention

Preventive measures are necessary to prevent any gynecological diseases. Compliance with them significantly improves women's health.