Official statistics of HIV and AIDS in Russia (latest data). HIV in numbers: how many people are infected in the world and Russia in particular

HIV statistics in the worldhelps track how many suffer from this disease and find more effective ways to combat it.

HIV

HIV infection is a disease caused by the immunodeficiency virus. The disease belongs to the category of slowly progressing. It affects the immune system, as a result of which it develops. The body loses its defenses and ability to resist diseases.

How long do people live with the immunodeficiency virus? StatisticsHIV shows that the average age is no more than 11 years. In the AIDS stage – 9 months. If the patient consults doctors in a timely manner and undergoes antiviral therapy, the life expectancy may be 70–80 years.

The patient's health status also matters. A healthy person has a better chance of a long life and successful treatment.

The virus is transmitted through single contact of damaged skin or mucous membrane with the patient’s biological fluids: blood, semen, vaginal secretions. Transmission of infection occurs:

• during an unprotected
• during manicure (through unsanitized instruments);
• during and during (from mother to child);
• when (if medical staff violates the rules for checking blood);
• while taking a dose of injecting drugs (through syringes and needles);
• when breastfeeding.

The virus cannot be transmitted through tears, saliva, insect bites, household or airborne transmission.

Data for different countries

People who inject drugs are most at risk.

Cases of illness among health workers were also recorded. HIV statistics show that the risk of infection in this category of the population is also high. In the United States alone, over the past few years, more than a hundred cases have been reported, 57 of which have been proven.

Indicators for Russia

According to the Ministry of Health, HIV statistics in our country are shocking. There is a real epidemic in Russia. In terms of growth rates in the number of sick people, the Russian Federation will soon approach those of Africa. Statistics on HIV infection in Russia allow us to conclude that 57% of infections occur among heroin addicts through dirty syringes.

WITH HIV statistics by yearreflects the number of people who died from AIDS and are still living with the immunodeficiency virus:

Regional HIV incidence statistics are off the charts where the largest drug distribution channels are located. The majority of sick citizens in 2016 were in the Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Sverdlovsk and Samara regions. There are at least 1.5 thousand sick people here for every 100,000 people.

The chart shows HIV statistics by region, showing the 10 regions with the largest number of patients.

HIV statistics in Russia show that the most people infected are in the Irkutsk region. In addition to those listed in the diagram, the most affected include the Moscow, Tomsk, Ivanovo, Omsk, Murmansk regions, and Altai Territory. This also includes St. Petersburg.

From HIV shows an increase in indicators. In 2015, 212,578 patients died. This figure is 12.9% higher than the previous year.

The number of HIV patients in Tatarstan has also increased. Statistics say that in 2015, about 18 thousand patients diagnosed with HIV were identified here. Every year the number of infected people increases by 1 thousand people. The mortality rate among those infected with the immunodeficiency virus has also increased. More infected children were also born.

Most carriers of the virus are people aged 20 to 39 years. The main cause of infection is injection of narcotic substances with dirty syringes.

Russian HIV allows us to conclude that the largest number of cases are between the ages of 30 and 39 years. The vast majority are men. Women are most often infected under the age of 35. At the same time, the number of sick teenagers and 15 to 20 year olds has decreased. The data is shown in detail in percentages on the chart:

Routes of transmission of the disease in Russia

In Soviet times, unprotected sex with students from Africa came first. Today, statistics of people infected with HIV indicate that the largest number of sick people are among drug addicts - 48.8% of the total number of people infected. They become infected when using unsterile syringes. According to the results of studies by city, the largest number of cases among drug addicts was registered in Moscow (12–14%), St. Petersburg (30%), and Biysk (more than 70%).

The diagram shows statistics of HIV patients, displaying the main causes of infection in the USSR and modern Russia for the period from 1987 to 2016:

Indicators in the countries of the former USSR

HIV statistics in Ukraine also not comforting. During six months of 2016, 7,612 people were diagnosed. Of these, 1,365 are HIV-infected children. Statistics show that the main reason is the reduction in funding for programs to combat AIDS.

In total, there are 287,970 patients in Ukraine today. Between 1987 and 2016, almost 40,000 citizens died from AIDS. Ukraine is among the leaders in the spread of the disease in the world.The chart shows which areas are most affected by HIV:

HIV statistics in Belarusrecorded 17,605 patients as of 2017. The prevalence rate is 185.2 per 100 thousand people. population. In just 2 months of 2017, 431 citizens with the immunodeficiency virus were identified. The majority of HIV-infected people are in the Gomel, Minsk and Brest regions. For the period from 1987 to 2017. 5,044 people died from AIDS in Belarus.

In 2016, HIV statistics in Kazakhstan indicate an increase in the number of infected people. During this year, about 3 thousand carriers of the virus were identified, of which 33 patients were children under 14 years of age.

conclusions

As HIV statistics show in Russia and the CIS countries, the epidemiological situation continues to worsen. Morbidity and mortality rates are very high. It is necessary to strengthen measures to combat the disease in the country, otherwise the rate of spread will continue to grow.

Ten regions of Russia are in critical condition in terms of HIV prevalence. This was stated by the Minister of Health of the Russian Federation Veronika Skvortsova. The sad list is headed by the Sverdlovsk and Kemerovo regions.

“HIV is spread very unevenly throughout the country,” noted the head of the Ministry of Health. “The prevalence is significantly higher, several times, in those regions through which drug trafficking routes pass. Therefore, there are 10 critical regions out of 85. In first place is the Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg, which got into the press (in connection with this),” Skvortsova said.

According to the minister, “57% of all sources of HIV infection are through injection, usually from heroin addicts.” As for such a traditional risk group as homosexuals, this trend is less pronounced in Russia.

“40% of cases of sexually transmitted infections relate to heterosexual couples,” Skvortsova pointed out, emphasizing that the increase in the number of infected people is due to healthy women who picked up the virus from their own husband.

According to the Federal Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS, at the end of last year the list of the most HIV-affected regions was as follows: Irkutsk region, Sverdlovsk, Kemerovo, Samara, Orenburg, Leningrad regions, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen areas.

During the year, anonymous testing was carried out in problem regions, which was completed by 23.5 thousand young people under 30 years of age. Among them, 2.3% were identified as HIV-infected.

In early November, the Ministry of Health of Yekaterinburg announced that every 50th resident in the city has AIDS.

“We have an infection rate of 1,826 people per hundred thousand, this is 1.8% of the city’s population, 26,693 thousand infected,” said Tatyana Savinova, deputy head of the city health department of Yekaterinburg. “And these are just known cases, the real incidence is even higher,” she emphasized.

But this situation in Yekaterinburg has been developing for decades, so doctors do not make announcements about the beginning of the epidemic, the city health department emphasized.

According to the criteria of the WHO and the Joint United Nations Program on HIV, more than 1% of those infected means that the infection is firmly rooted in the population and its spread is practically independent of risk groups.

Meanwhile, the Federal Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS believes that Russia is today on the verge of moving to the third and final stage of the HIV epidemic.

“An epidemic is a relative concept. HIV has three stages. Initial - the first cases are imported from abroad. The second is concentrated, risk groups are affected. In our country, 10% of men who have sex with men and 20% of drug addicts are now infected. And when more than 1% of pregnant women are infected, then it is generalized. We are now at the stage of transition from the second to the third," the head of the center, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Vadim Pokrovsky, told the L!fe portal.

Among the problem regions, the leaders are the Irkutsk and Samara regions with 1.7 and 1.6% of HIV-infected people, respectively. Next come: Sverdlovsk region (1.6%), Kemerovo region (1.5%), Orenburg region (1.2%), Leningrad region (1.2%), Chelyabinsk region (1%), St. Petersburg (1%), Tyumen region (1%; including autonomous okrugs).

“The number of people infected with HIV in the Urals is not something out of the ordinary,” confirms the director of the federal AIDS center, Vadim Pokrovsky, who was the first to report the HIV epidemic in Russia in May 2015. In his opinion, in the 1990s, large quantities of injecting drugs were brought into “relatively prosperous” cities, which led to an outbreak of HIV infection among drug addicts. Later, the infection spread to the rest of the population, the expert explains. The expert lists such cities as Irkutsk, Samara, Togliatti (in this city, according to Pokrovsky, 3% of the population is infected), Chelyabinsk and St. Petersburg.

Regions with megacities are the most problematic, agrees Andrey Skvortsov, coordinator of the Patient Control movement. Official data for some cities, for example, St. Petersburg, may be underestimated by three times, RBC's interlocutor is sure (according to official data, there are 53.3 thousand HIV-infected people out of a population of 5.2 million in the city).

It is difficult to say in which region they hide official statistics and in which they do not, notes Maxim Malyshev, coordinator of street social work at the Andrei Rylkov Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Social Justice. “The situation is bad in all regions - some more, some less. However, there are historically established places where the statistics are always higher - Yekaterinburg, Kurgan, other Siberian cities,” he points out.

At risk

Today, the drug method of HIV transmission is gradually disappearing, says Pokrovsky. According to the Federal AIDS Center, 48% of infections occur in heterosexual relationships. “It has to do with serial monogamy. People do not live long with one person, but constantly change partners. If at least one HIV-infected person gets into this chain, then everyone becomes infected,” Pokrovsky believes.

The main methods of combating the epidemic are: effective prevention programs, the introduction of sex education in schools and substitution therapy for drug addicts. “In France or Germany, replacement therapy is legal and there are ten times fewer infected people. In the meantime, we have a conservative approach, whose supporters raise a terrible howl and call for them to go their own way, the number of infected people will grow. First we need to stop the epidemic and only then promote a healthy lifestyle,” the expert sums up.

Prevention measures

Russia will be saved by condoms, modern drugs for treating HIV, publicly available information, free tests to determine one’s status and harm reduction programs for drug addicts, lists Skvortsov from Patient Control. “For a long time, the problem of the spread of HIV as a shameful disease was kept silent. Just this year, some campaigns for free HIV testing began. The situation needs to be corrected urgently,” he points out.

First of all, Skvortsov believes, it is necessary to provide 100% of registered HIV patients with antiretroviral therapy - lifelong maintenance therapy for people with the human immunodeficiency virus, blocking the spread of infection. For the convenience of patients, the state should purchase combination drugs containing several active ingredients. This reduces the chances that an HIV-infected person will stop taking therapy due to the large number of pills, Skvortsov points out.

Secondly, it is necessary to introduce harm reduction programs for drug addicts in Russia. “Russian officials believe that such programs are simply distributing methadone to drug addicts. But that's not true. Harm reduction programs are a set of measures aimed at identifying an injection drug user, giving him the opportunity to take all tests, provide legal support and help in rehabilitation,” says the expert.

First of all, prevention must be introduced among risk groups, believes Malyshev from the Rylkov Foundation. “Now there is almost no street work - there is no distribution of syringes or condoms. In Russia, only 26 organizations are engaged in real prevention, and several of them are recognized as foreign agents and are not allowed to work at all,” he said.

Today, five non-profit organizations specializing in the problems of HIV infection in Russia are recognized as foreign agents, RBC has found out. These are the Perm NGO "Sibalt", the Saratov "Socium", the Penza "Panacea" and two Moscow organizations - "Esvero" and the Andrey Rylkov Foundation.

In 2016, the Russian government allocated an additional 2.3 billion rubles to the Ministry of Health. for the purchase of antiviral drugs for the prevention and treatment of HIV-infected people. The corresponding order was signed by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev. According to it, the Sverdlovsk region will receive the largest amount among the regions - 260.6 million rubles. October 25 government, which has not yet provided money to combat the spread of HIV.

AIDS is a disease that destroys a person's immune system, leaving the body prone to fatal diseases such as hepatitis, tuberculosis and other viral infections. This disease occurs mainly in countries with a large percentage of drug-addicted populations, where injections are carried out using instruments (syringes and needles) that may be contaminated with the virus. We should also not forget about unprotected sexual intercourse, which is one of the main ways of spreading AIDS. New types of vaccines and drugs for this disease are now being developed, but scientists cannot yet find a way to stop it. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the list of countries where the largest number of AIDS patients live.

1. South Africa

South Africa is the country with the largest number of HIV-infected patients. 5 million 600 thousand patients here have a positive status, which is a very alarming situation. These figures mean that 12% of the total South African population suffers from this problem. An estimated 310,000 people die each year due to the disease. The country is trying to do everything possible to control the disease, but this requires more public awareness campaigns.

2. Botswana

In this country, the first case of HIV infection was registered in 1985. Nevertheless, Botswana turned out to be the second country in the world in terms of the number of people with AIDS. According to WHO estimates, about 320 thousand people are now infected. The disease greatly affects the development process of a nation and the mortality rate is increasing at an alarming rate. It is clear that the government needs to take effective measures to combat the disease.

3. India

India is the third country in the world in terms of the number of HIV-infected residents. According to statistics, 2 million 400 thousand people are infected here. The problem is exacerbated by the poverty of local residents, as large numbers of people are unable to access medical care. The south-eastern and north-eastern provinces suffer the most from AIDS. India really needs educational programs to increase people's knowledge about this issue.

4. Kenya

In Kenya, 1 million 500 thousand people are HIV-infected. Public health has improved and HIV prevalence has fallen in the past few years, but the government still has a long way to go to stop the disease.

5. Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe is the fifth-largest country in the world to have a population affected by AIDS, with an HIV prevalence rate of about 14.9%. The situation in the country has improved thanks to awareness-raising campaigns launched by the government. In addition, in 2003, the rate of so-called “brain drain” in the country was 22.1%. After 14 years, professional health care in Zimbabwe has improved and the AIDS picture bears this out.

6. USA

Are you surprised? As we see, AIDS is a disaster not only in third world countries. The United States has the sixth largest number of people infected with AIDS. It is believed that HIV was brought to the United States by immigrants in the 1960s. The eastern and southern states were more contaminated than other coastal areas. According to the latest data, 1,148,200 American citizens are infected with HIV.

7. Democratic Republic of the Congo

About 1 million 100 thousand people in the Congo suffer from AIDS. This country was the first in Africa to be affected by the deadly disease. Unprotected sexual intercourse is reported to be the main cause of disease transmission.

8. Mozambique

A total of 11.3% of Mozambican citizens are infected with AIDS. The nation is faced with a serious rate of spread of HIV infection.

9. Tanzania

In total, about 1 million 400 thousand people in Tanzania are HIV positive. Statistics show that this disease affects women more often (60%) than men. The disease kills 86,000 people every year.

10. Malawi

10% of Malawi's population are HIV positive. Every year 68 thousand people die here from AIDS. Previously, the Malawi government was not very active in the fight against this disease, but over time, it began to show more interest in controlling this epidemic, and today the situation in the country is improving.

According to UNAIDS, the UN organization against AIDS, we have prepared a list of countries where you should be especially careful not to become infected with the “plague of the 20th century.”

The topic of the article is not the most pleasant, but “forewarned is forearmed”, the problem exists and simply turning a blind eye to it is unforgivable carelessness. Travelers often take risks with their health, fortunately, with fewer consequences, but it’s still not worth putting yourself in danger.

Although the country is the most developed on the African continent, the number of HIV-infected people here is a record 5.6 million. This despite the fact that there are 34 million patients in the world, and the population of South Africa is about 53 million, that is, more than 15% are living with the virus.

What you need to know: the majority of HIV-positive people are blacks from disadvantaged suburbs. It is this group that is in the worst social conditions with all the ensuing consequences: drug addiction, promiscuous sex, unsanitary conditions. The most patients were recorded in the provinces of KwaZulu-Natal (capital - Durban), Mpumalanga (Nelspreid), Freestate (Blomfontien), North West (Mafikeng) and Gauteng (Johanesburg).

Nigeria

There are 3.3 million HIV-infected people here, although this is less than 5% of the population: Nigeria recently supplanted Russia, taking 7th place in the world - 173.5 million people. In big cities, the disease spreads due to antisocial behavior, and in rural areas due to constant labor migration and “free” morals and traditions.

What you need to know: Nigeria is not the most hospitable country and Nigerians themselves understand this very well. Therefore, the receiving party will certainly take care of safety and warn against dangerous contacts.

Kenya

The country accounts for 1.6 million infected people, slightly more than 6% of the population. At the same time, women are more likely to suffer from the disease - about 8% of Kenyans are infected. As in many African countries, the status of women, and therefore their level of security and education, is still very low.

What you need to know: a safari in a national park or a beach and hotel holiday in Mombasa are completely safe activities, unless, of course, you specifically look for illegal entertainment.

Tanzania

A country that is quite friendly for tourists with a lot of interesting places is also dangerous from the point of view of HIV infection, although not like many other countries in Africa. According to recent studies, the HIV/AIDS incidence rate in Tanzania is 5.1%. There are fewer infected men, but the gap is not as large as, for example, in Kenya.

What you need to know: Tanzania, by African standards, is a fairly prosperous country, so if you follow the obvious rules, the threat of infection is minimal. The percentage of infected people is high, more than 10, in the Njobe region and the capital Dar es Salaam. Luckily, both of them are far from the tourist route, unlike Kilimanjaro or Zanzibar Island.

Mozambique

The country is deprived not only of attractions, but also of basic infrastructure from hospitals to roads and water supply. In addition, many consequences of the civil war are still unresolved. Of course, the African country in this state could not avoid the epidemic: according to various estimates, from 1.6 to 5.7 people were infected - conditions simply do not allow for an accurate study. Due to the widespread spread of the immunodeficiency virus, outbreaks of tuberculosis, malaria and cholera often break out.

What you need to know: the country is dysfunctional, an outsider even in its own region. The chance of getting infected here is higher than in others, so you need to be especially careful about precautions.

Uganda

A country with good potential for classic safari tourism, which it has been actively developing lately. Plus, Uganda has been and remains one of the most progressive countries in terms of HIV prevention and diagnosis in Africa. The first specialized clinic was opened here, and there are disease testing centers throughout the country.

What you need to know: the risk groups are the same as everywhere else: drug addicts, former prisoners - it will not be difficult for a sane tourist not to cross paths with them.

Zambia and Zimbabwe

These countries are similar in many ways, even the main attraction is shared between them: Victoria Falls is located right on the border - tourists can come to it from both sides. In terms of living standards and AIDS incidence, the countries are also not far from each other - in Zambia there are almost a million infected, in Zimbabwe - 1.2. This is an average figure for Southern Africa - from 5% to 15% of the population.

What you need to know: There are problems with the provision of medicines; in addition, in rural areas, many self-medicate and practice useless rituals. Therefore, the disease, typical of cities, reached remote areas.

India

There are 2.4 million HIV-infected people here, although against the backdrop of a population of 1.2 billion this does not look so scary - less than 1%. The main risk group is sex industry workers. 55% of Indians live in four southern states - Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. In Goa, the incidence rate is far from the highest for India - 0.6% of men and 0.4% of women.

What you need to know: Fortunately, HIV infection, unlike many other tropical diseases, depends indirectly on unsanitary conditions. Outright dirt and cramped conditions are normal for India. The main thing, as, by the way, in any country, is to try not to appear in public places if there are wounds and cuts on the body, not to wear open shoes in the city, and we don’t even talk about dubious entertainment.

Ukraine

Eastern Europe, unfortunately, has shown positive trends in the incidence of HIV/AIDS over the past decades, and Ukraine consistently tops this sad list. Today in the country a little more than 1% of people are HIV-infected.

What you need to know: several years ago, unprotected sex became the method of spreading the disease, overtaking injections with dirty syringes. The Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Odessa and Nikolaev regions are unfavorable. There, per 100 thousand inhabitants there are 600-700 infected. Kyiv, where tourists most often come, has an average level, and Transcarpathia has the lowest level in the country.

America ranks 9th in the world in the number of HIV carriers - 1.2 million people. Such a high rate in one of the most prosperous countries is due to the high level of drug addiction, unresolved social contradictions, and active migration. And the riotous, dissolute 60s were not in vain for the health of the nation. Of course, the disease is concentrated on specific groups of people, who in the United States most often live, not so much separately from everyone else, but localized, in “bad” areas.

What you need to know: Here are ten cities where the percentage of HIV-positive patients is the highest (in descending order): Miami, Baton Rouge, Jacksonville, New York, Washington, Columbia, Memphis, Orlando, New Orleans, Baltimore.

HIV infection in the world is one of the most progressive sexually transmitted diseases. It is also worth noting that AIDS statistics in the world, as a rule, absolutely do not correspond to the true picture of the spread of the disease, since research methods are based only on patients who are served in medical institutions. At the same time, most carriers of the infection and patients do not even suspect they are infected due to reluctance or inability to see a doctor.

Another factor contributing to the concealment of truthful information about the spread of AIDS in the world is the fear of politicians and doctors being to blame for the inability to contain the avalanche of infection that is rapidly moving towards humanity.

State of the spread of HIV in the world

The number of HIV-infected people in the world is growing exponentially. First of all, this is due to the fact that the problem of AIDS in the world does not lend itself to the basic rules of combating infectious diseases, which are based on the exclusion of one of the components of the epidemiological process:

1. Source of the disease.
2. Path of transmission.
3. Receptive population.

In countries around the world, HIV has long become the number one problem. For every infection to spread, there needs to be a source, a transmission route that ensures the virus reaches a susceptible population. In the case of HIV, there is no way to act on any of the three components that contribute to the spread of the disease. A huge problem is that most people become infected from carriers of the virus who are in the so-called “serological window”, when a person is already infected, but tests are still negative. It has not been possible to exclude the latter factor for many decades, since the invention of a vaccine against immunodeficiency has been postponed indefinitely due to insufficient knowledge, research and technical capabilities.

Taking into account the above, HIV statistics in the world will worsen every year, since many people on the planet underestimate the danger of the immunodeficiency virus. The current HIV epidemic situation in the world can only be influenced by the awareness of the population and support for the fight against AIDS at the state level.

Prevalence of HIV infection (AIDS) in the world

Only by the end of the eighties, the statistics of HIV-infected people in the world reached levels that shocked the world community. In 142 countries, the World Health Organization has identified more than 120 thousand people with AIDS and more than 100 thousand infected with the retrovirus. The real prevalence of HIV in the world is much higher than these data, since there is always a percentage of the population that is not registered in medical institutions and therefore cannot be taken into account in statistical indicators. There are also carriers who are not even aware of their infection. The AIDS epidemic in the world mainly affects people of reproductive age. This leads to a significant loss of the working population, a decrease in the birth rate of healthy children and, accordingly, a decrease in the health indicators of all layers of humanity.

How many HIV-infected people are there in the world?

The question that interests many is how many people have AIDS in the world today? The first places in the world for HIV are occupied by the countries of southern Africa, India, Russia, the USA and Latin America. In these states, infected people make up approximately 15% of the total population. Every year the number of HIV-infected people in countries around the world increases by 5-10 million. Thus, at the beginning of the 21st century, the number of AIDS patients in the world amounted to more than 60 million. The countries of southern Africa occupy the first place in the world community in terms of AIDS. Due to the unstable economic situation, the possibility of treating and identifying HIV-infected people is very difficult. This leads to the rapid and rapid spread of immunodeficiency among people. The disease progresses very quickly to stage 4 - AIDS.

Epidemiological situation of HIV infection in the world

Countries in which the incidence of immunodeficiency is rapidly increasing:

1. Brazil.
2. countries of Central Africa.
3. Haiti.
4. Indonesia.
5. Bangladesh.
6. Pakistan.
7. Mexico.
8. Great Britain.
9. Türkiye.

The ways in which AIDS spreads in countries around the world to some extent depend on the economic situation in the state and its policy towards HIV-infected people. There are such features:

1. The countries of the European Union, the USA, Australia and New Zealand are characterized by high early detection of the disease among the population. This is due to compulsory health insurance and relatively frequent high-quality medical examinations. Based on the results of the study, we can conclude that 80% of those infected were identified among homosexual men and drug addicts who use intravenous drugs. In childhood, the incidence is practically not recorded. This is due to timely and high-quality treatment of infected pregnant women, which prevents the vertical transmission of immunodeficiency (from a sick mother to a healthy fetus through the placenta, blood, breast milk). Cases of non-sexual transmission are practically never recorded in these countries.
2. For the countries of Africa and the adjacent warm islands, as well as the countries of the Caribbean, Indonesia, the rate of early detection of AIDS is very low. In these countries, the majority of patients are heterosexual. Their age is 18-38 years. Most of these people became infected through sexual contact with prostitutes. Studies show that more than 90% of them are infected with a retrovirus. In African countries, HIV transmission is often associated with sexual contact with an infected woman. More often, such intercourse additionally leads to diseases that are sexually transmitted. And genital ulcers that develop due to these pathologies lead to a higher likelihood of pathogen transmission. In such states, transfusion of blood and its products from an infected donor to a healthy recipient is not uncommon.
3. Countries where HIV was introduced relatively recently. These include Asia and Eastern Europe. Retrovirus infection here occurs primarily through sexual contact. The highest risk of infection is among people who have many sexual partners and do not neglect unprotected relationships with prostitutes.

HIV in Russia

The Ural Federal District ranks first in terms of HIV in the Russian Federation. It has about 800 patients registered per 100 thousand population, which is a very high figure. Over the past 15 years in Russia, cases of detection of immunodeficiency in pregnant women have increased by 15%. At the same time, such women are registered at a later stage, which leads to intrauterine infection of the fetus due to the lack of necessary treatment in the early stages of embryo formation. Also, the Siberian Federal District claims first place in AIDS in Russia, where about 600 infected people per 100 thousand people are registered, most of them have the last stage of development of the disease, that is, AIDS.

Medical news in the world of HIV

Nowadays, the task of creating a vaccine against a retrovirus is in the first place for scientists. A huge amount of research is currently being carried out in the field of molecular microbiology, which undoubtedly brings humanity closer to the creation of a vaccine against AIDS. Despite this, there are a number of factors that prevent the possibility of obtaining such a drug:

• High ability of the virus to mutate.
• A variety of HIV strains (2 types are currently known).
• The need to combat not only the retrovirus, but also infected cells of the body, as well as AIDS-associated infections.

Due to the fact that the spread of HIV in the world is growing every year, many patients simply do not have time to wait for a vaccine. Therefore, the main way to combat this disease should be aimed at preventive measures. All HIV-infected people in the world receive free treatment, which provides them with the most comfortable life possible. With adequate and competent therapy, patients can live a full and long life. HIV treatment around the world is carried out in regional AIDS centers according to uniform standards and provides for an individual approach to any patient, selection of a regimen depending on the stage of progression of the pathology. The main principle of providing medical care is maximum confidentiality.

AIDS is constantly spreading among the world's population, but it is not yet possible to cure it completely. Therefore, it is worth directing maximum efforts to prevent such a dangerous pathology.

Last week it became known that every 50th resident of Yekaterinburg is infected with HIV. Today, the Ministry of Health officially announced that an increased level of spread of the disease is observed in 10 regions, including the Sverdlovsk region. Life found out which regions of the country are most likely to become infected with a deadly disease.

On November 2, the first deputy head of the Health Department of the Yekaterinburg city administration, Tatyana Savinova, announced a pandemic of the immunodeficiency virus in the Ural capital. According to her, the disease is firmly rooted in all segments of the city’s population and the spread of the disease no longer depends on risk groups. In total, 26,693 cases of HIV infection have been registered in Yekaterinburg, but this includes only officially known cases, so the real incidence is much higher.

Later, the city health department provided information about the epidemic, and made a refutation itself Savinova. According to her, on P At the press conference, journalists asked her a question about the situation in Yekaterinburg. And in response she simply " voiced the data broadcast in the media."

Of course, for us doctors, this has been an HIV epidemic for a long time, since many people are sick in Yekaterinburg,” the official said. - This did not happen yesterday, and nothing was officially announced.

Today, the head of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Veronika Skvortsova, said that an increased level of spread of HIV disease has been recorded in 10 regions Russia.

In our country, 57% of all sources of HIV infection are through injection, usually from heroin addicts,” she added.

Meanwhile, according to experts, it is really high time to declare the epidemic officially, and on a nationwide scale.

The epidemic is spreading throughout the country, and only one administrator (the administration of one region) had the courage. - Approx. ed.) admit it. There is unevenness: the population of cities is more affected. And where the urban population is higher than the rural population, the percentage of those affected is higher. These are the Volga region, the Urals, Siberia. These are signs of a general epidemic that we have going on,” he told Life Director of the Federal Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, Deputy Director of the Central Institute of Epidemiology Vadim Pokrovsky.

To prove this, the head of the center cited numbers.

Now 1% of our population is infected with HIV, and in the age group 30-40 years old - 2.5%. Every day we register a total of 270 new cases of HIV infection throughout the country, and 50-60 people die from AIDS every day. What else is needed to talk about an epidemic? - Pokrovsky wondered.

The HIV situation in Yekaterinburg is not even the worst. Every 50th city resident (2% of the population) is infected there. But in Togliatti (Samara region), as r said Head of the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS Vadim Pokrovsky,Already 3% of the population is HIV positive.

On the Life map you can find your region and see how many sick people there are among your fellow countrymen.

Proportion of HIV-infected people from the total number of residents of the region

As you can see, the epidemic has hit Russia unevenly. Half of all infected people live in 20 of 85 regions. The worst situation is in the Irkutsk and Samara regions (1.8% of residents are infected with HIV). In third place is the Sverdlovsk region, the capital of which is Yekaterinburg (1.7% of residents are infected with HIV).

Slightly fewer people are infected in the Orenburg region (1.4%), Leningrad region (1.3%), and Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (1.3%).

And here are the statistics on the mortality of HIV-infected people by region (data from the Federal AIDS Center dated 2014; there are no more recent statistics yet).

As of December 31, 2014 in Russia 148,713 HIV-positive adults and 683 children died. In 2014, 24.4 thousand HIV-positive people died.

Pokrovsky explained why HIV “chose” these particular regions:

These are regions where drug trafficking took place, for example, the Orenburg region. As well as financially prosperous parts of the country, where it was easier to sell drugs (Irkutsk and Sverdlovsk regions).

The mayor of Yekaterinburg, Evgeny Roizman, also said that the majority of HIV-positive people became infected due to drugs.

“I started talking about this in 1999,” he noted. - Of those drug addicts who passed through my hands, the guys were heroin addicts, 40% of them were HIV-infected. The girls are heroin addicts, if they don’t have HIV infection, it was an event. Moreover, they were all, as a rule, also prostitutes. Then, when what was called the crocodile started, everyone was there with HIV infection. They could buy disposable syringes, but they took them from one bowl. Now there is a sexual spread. Indeed, we are ahead of all of Russia. In the Sverdlovsk region the situation is worse than in Yekaterinburg. Ahead of all of Russia - this was due to drug addiction,” said Evgeniy Roizman.

Vadim Pokrovsky emphasized that among the main problems in this area is the shortage of medicines.

Now we need to treat a little more than 800 thousand HIV-infected people. 220 thousand have died, and, according to estimates, another 500 thousand have not yet been diagnosed,” Pokrovsky noted.

Earlier Pokrovsky, which is bad with prevention.

There are no strategic programs to combat AIDS in the regions, says Vadim Pokrovsky. - As a result, they will print and hang several posters and leaflets. This is where prevention ends.

It turns out to be a vicious circle.

People don’t even suspect how difficult the situation with HIV is in Russia, notes Vadim Pokrovsky. - Information is the main method of combating the spread of the disease. In addition, this also saves costs, because the fewer people who become infected, the fewer will have to be treated later.

Online questions and answers
November 2016

What is HIV?

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects cells of the immune system, destroying or impairing its functions. Infection with the virus leads to progressive degradation of the immune system and, as a result, to “immunodeficiency.” The immune system is considered defective when it can no longer fulfill its role in fighting infection and disease. Infections associated with severe immunodeficiency are known as "opportunistic infections" because they take advantage of a weakened immune system.

What is AIDS?

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the term applied to the most advanced stages of HIV infection. It is characterized by the occurrence of any of more than 20 opportunistic infections or HIV-related cancers.

How is HIV transmitted?

HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual contact (vaginal or anal) and oral sex with an infected person; by transfusion of contaminated blood; and sharing contaminated needles, syringes or other sharp instruments. It can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.

How many people in the world are infected with HIV?

According to WHO and UNAIDS estimates, at the end of 2015 there were 36.7 million people living with HIV worldwide. In the same year, about 2.1 million people became infected and 1.1 million people died from HIV-related causes.

How quickly does an HIV-infected person develop AIDS?

This period of time varies widely among different people. Without treatment, most HIV-infected people develop signs of HIV-related illness within 5 to 10 years, and possibly sooner. After acquiring HIV infection, it usually takes 10-15 years, and sometimes more, before AIDS is diagnosed. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can slow the progression of the disease by preventing the virus from replicating and therefore reducing the number of viruses (known as the "viral load") in the blood of an infected person.

What life-threatening opportunistic infection most often affects people with HIV/AIDS?

In 2015, almost 390 thousand people with HIV died from tuberculosis. It is the leading cause of death among HIV-infected people in Africa and one of the leading causes of death among this population worldwide. There are a number of key health strategies that are critical to preventing and managing tuberculosis infection in people living with HIV.

• routine screening for tuberculosis symptoms at every doctor visit;
• management of latent tuberculosis infection (eg, isoniazid prophylaxis);
• fight against tuberculosis infection;
• early initiation of antiretroviral therapy.

How can I reduce the risk of transmitting HIV through sex?

• use male or female condoms correctly during every sexual encounter;
• take antiretroviral drugs for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
• engage in non-penetrative sex only;
• remain faithful in relationships with an uninfected and equally faithful partner and avoid any other forms of risky behavior.

Does male circumcision prevent HIV transmission?

Male circumcision reduces the risk of acquiring HIV during sexual contact between a man and a woman by approximately 60%.

The one-time procedure of medical male circumcision provides lifelong partial protection against HIV as well as other sexually transmitted infections. Male circumcision should always be considered as part of an overall HIV prevention package and in no way replaces other known methods of prevention, such as male and female condoms.

How effective are condoms in preventing HIV?

When used correctly during every sexual encounter, condoms are a reliable way to prevent HIV infection in women and men. However, no method of protection other than abstinence is 100% effective.

What is a female condom?

The female condom is the only female-controlled contraceptive barrier method currently available on the market. The female condom is a durable, soft, transparent polyurethane cap that is inserted into the vagina before sexual intercourse. When used correctly during every sexual encounter, it completely seals the vagina and provides protection against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.

What are the benefits of an HIV test?

Knowing your HIV status provides two important benefits:

• Once you know you are HIV positive, you can take steps to access treatment, care and support before symptoms appear, potentially extending your life and preventing complications for many years to come. years.
• Once you know you are infected, you can take precautions to prevent spreading HIV to others.

What are antiretroviral drugs?

Antiretroviral drugs are used in the treatment and prevention of HIV infection. They fight HIV by stopping or inhibiting the reproduction of the virus and reducing the amount of virus in the body.

What is the current state of antiretroviral therapy (ART) provision?

As of mid-2016, 18.2 million people were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) worldwide. While this figure reflects the impressive progress made in expanding HIV treatment coverage over the past decade, it represents only 46% of patients requiring ART. Thus, more than half of people who need access to treatment still do not have it.

Is there a cure for HIV?

No, there is no cure for HIV. But with proper and continued adherence to antiretroviral therapy, the progression of HIV in the body can be slowed almost to a stop. More and more people with HIV, even in low-income countries, are able to remain well and productive over long periods of time. WHO recommends treatment for all people infected with HIV and for those at significant risk.

What other types of help do people with HIV need?

In addition to antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV often need counseling and psychological support. Access to adequate nutrition, safe water and basic hygiene products for people living with HIV can also help maintain a high quality of life.

Many countries assess HIV infection as the main problem in the formation of a healthy nation throughout the world. Depending on the economic state of the state, the ability to quickly and accurately detect infected people, timely high-quality treatment of patients, as well as public awareness of the dangers of the disease and prevention methods, the indicator that determines in which country the incidence of HIV (AIDS) is highest.

The popularity of the state in the world community and economic growth in the 21st century depend on this indicator. Many highly developed countries do not allow entry into their territory without passing the appropriate test, which indicates that the government is interested in the health of its population. In the Russian Federation, every year every working person is required to take a test to determine the retrovirus in the blood. This allows you to control the disease and take appropriate measures to prevent immunodeficiency. For example, in Belarus, when crossing a border checkpoint, you must document your HIV-negativity. But in Europe this document is not always required. In any case, when traveling to another country, you must have such data with you, which is valid for 3 months.

Countries are divided into 3 levels based on the number of HIV-infected people:

1. States in which the AIDS pathogen is transmitted among men - homo- and bisexuals, drug addicts who use intravenous potent substances. These include the USA, Brazil, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Mexico, Great Britain, Turkey. These countries have a high rate of infected people per 100 thousand population, which ranges from 53 to 246 patients, depending on the region.
2. The disease occurs among heterosexuals when the pathogen is transmitted sexually through contact with a prostitute. At the same time, there is a high degree of possibility of infection in people who have many sexual partners. Often such patients are also exposed to sexually transmitted diseases. Similar regions include countries in Asia and Eastern Europe. They have a relatively low rate of retrovirus infections, which ranges from 20 to 50 patients per 100 thousand population.
3. In China, Japan, Nigeria, and Egypt, the incidence of HIV infection is lower than in other countries of the world. Here the disease is considered imported and is observed most often in prostitutes and people who use their services. These countries have a low infection rate, which ranges from 6 to 16 patients per hundred thousand citizens.

Countries intensively infected with HIV pose a great danger to the world's population. Statistics from such countries show that the incidence of immunodeficiency is growing every year. This suggests that the country is either not fighting AIDS, or the actions taken are not effective. There is a list that includes the most dangerous countries for HIV transmission. The rating below shows the level of danger in them:

1. SOUTH AFRICA. It has the highest degree of infection of the population with a retrovirus. It is believed that approximately a quarter of the population is affected by immunodeficiency. There are 5.6 million AIDS patients here. The state has a mortality rate from HIV of about 1 million people per year, 15% of the total number of citizens are infected.
2. India. AIDS has affected 2.4 million people here. In the country, the mortality index from immunodeficiency varies from 1% to 2% per year, the number of HIV-infected people is 10-12% of the population.
3. Kenya has the lowest rate of HIV (AIDS) in Africa. Statistics indicate 1.5 million patients. The country has a mortality index from a retrovirus of 0.75 million people, 7.5% of the population is infected with this pathogen.
4. Tanzania, Mozambique. There are 0.99-0.34 million people with AIDS here, depending on the region. These countries have a mortality rate from immunodeficiency of 0.2-0.5 million citizens per year, 8-12% of the population is infected.
5. USA, Uganda, Nigeria, Zambia, Zimbabwe. There are 1.2 million people with AIDS. These countries have a total HIV mortality rate of 0.3-0.4 million people per year, 5% of the population is infected.
6. Russia. There are 0.98 million people living with HIV in Russia. The mortality rate from AIDS reaches a level of slightly less than 3-4% of all cases. The most HIV-infected city in Russia is Yekaterinburg. It is believed that one in 50 city residents is infected with the retrovirus.
7. Uzbekistan. 32,743 people are affected by the infection in Uzbekistan. Of these, 57% are men.
8. Azerbaijan. The number of HIV (AIDS) patients in Azerbaijan is 131 people. Of these, 36 are women and 95 are men.
9. United Arab Emirates. Recently, the detection of HIV infection among Arabs has increased. According to the latest data, the incidence index is 350-370 thousand per 367 million population.

HIV (AIDS) in Kazakhstan

According to the latest report, HIV infections in Kazakhstan are 0.01%. At the end of 2016, 22,474 cases of infection were registered. 16,530 people with AIDS have been identified. Among the total number, infected men make up 69%, women - 31%. Although females make up a smaller share among those infected, their number is gradually growing. The government is actively involved in HIV (AIDS) treatment in Kazakhstan. The effectiveness of the program is evidenced by:

increasing the number of early detection of patients;

an increase in the number of patients who received antiretroviral therapy;

reduction in the birth rate of infected children.

HIV in the USA

The number of people living with HIV in the United States is growing every year. The country has a high level of economy, which contributes to the early detection of infected people and the appointment of adequate treatment in the initial stages of the disease. This helps reduce the aggressiveness of the virus, prolong life and improve its quality.

How many people are infected with HIV in the USA? In America, immunodeficiency is more common among homosexuals. It is believed that there are about 2.6 million carriers of the infection living in the United States. But the high level of medical care allows such patients to be well taken care of, making their lives the same as those of healthy people.

How common is HIV in Russia?

AIDS in Russia has not yet achieved epidemic status, but growing rates indicate the possibility of rapid progression of infection among people in the country. HIV infection in Russia is considered one of the most dangerous pathologies, because there is no vaccine to prevent it, and only self-awareness of citizens can lead to a decrease in the incidence rate.

Where did AIDS come to Russia? The first confirmed case of immunodeficiency was discovered in Moscow in the family of a long-distance sailor. After a 9-month business trip to hot countries, he was already in his hometown hospitalized in a hospital with Pneumocystis pneumonia, which very often affects infected people due to a decrease in the barrier function of the immune system. The examination revealed human immunodeficiency virus. The man died a few months later, and his family had to move to the other end of the country and change their last names so that ill-wishers would not find them.

Since this period, the level of HIV incidence in Russia has been gradually increasing, violating standard indicators of public health and reducing its working capacity.

How many HIV-infected people are there in Russia? At the end of 2016, the quantitative index among those infected with the retrovirus was 0.98 million. This number is considered one of the lowest in the world, while AIDS mortality in the Russian Federation remains stable at an average level. In the regions of Russia, the situation with HIV incidence is different. This is due to several factors:

1. Religiosity.
2. Population of the region.
3. Economic significance.
4. Quality of medical equipment and service.

How many people have HIV (AIDS) in Russia? The largest figure is in the Ural Federal District. The incidence rate is the highest numerically among other regions of the country. It is 757.2 infected per 100 thousand population.

The Siberian Federal District has an incidence index of 532 infected people per 100 thousand citizens. Volga Federal District - 424 patients for the same number of population.

Among all the federal districts of the country, the North Caucasus Federal District has the lowest indicator, here the level is 58 people per 100 thousand population.

The number of AIDS patients in Russia in the Far Eastern Federal District is 172 infected. How many people suffer from HIV (AIDS) in Russia in the Northwestern region? The incidence index in this district is 407 patients per 100 thousand population.

The number of HIV and AIDS-infected people in Russia is progressing upward every year, so only prevention measures can reduce the incidence among citizens of the Russian Federation.

Thanks to standards for the treatment of immunodeficiency, the state program for detection and therapeutic assistance, the number of patients with HIV infection (AIDS) in Russia has decreased slightly. The rate of births of infected children has decreased, which indicates the early detection of the retrovirus in pregnant women and the provision of correct and effective treatment to them.

Thanks to the simplification of testing for retroviruses and constant screening of the population, the dynamics of HIV disease in Russia tends to reduce mortality rates. Some facts indicate that the number of carriers of the pathogen is increasing. But upon closer examination, it turns out that the number of citizens examined is growing every year, and this leads to an overestimation of the absolute incidence rate.

There is no need to be afraid that there are a million HIV-infected people in Russia. If you adhere to basic personal hygiene and prevention methods, the risk of infection approaches zero. You need to know that the best means of protection against infection with a retrovirus are barrier contraceptives and sterile instruments.