The last supreme council. Supreme Council of the USSR. how do deputies work?

During the war years, ordinary bodies continued to operate, one of them was the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, which was the highest body of state power and the only legislative body of the USSR, competent to resolve all issues assigned by the Constitution of the USSR to the jurisdiction of the USSR 56.

It consisted of two equal chambers - the Council of the Union and the Council of Nationalities. According to the 1936 Constitution, the Council of the Union was elected according to a quota of 1 deputy per 300 thousand people. The Union Council of the 1st-11th convocations was elected by direct, secret ballot in single-mandate constituencies using a majoritarian system according to a single party list from the Bloc of Communists and Non-Party People.

The Council of Nationalities directly represented “nationalities” in the meaning of the word adopted in the USSR (ethnic groups), and national territorial entities at all levels. The Council of Nationalities of the 1st-11th convocations was elected according to the norm: 32 deputies from each union republic, 11 deputies from each Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, 5 deputies from each autonomous region and one deputy from each national district. The Council of Nationalities of the 12th convocation was elected by the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR according to the norm: 11 deputies from each union republic, 5 deputies from each Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, 2 deputies from each autonomous region and one deputy from each autonomous district 57.

For example, representatives of the regions and territories of the RSFSR with a predominant Russian population received only 32 seats out of 750 in the Council of Nationalities of the 6th-11th convocations, on a par with other union republics, but much less than their share in the population of the USSR. Thus, the system of elections to the Council of Nationalities, based on the administrative-territorial division of the USSR, gave numerically equal representation to national entities of the same territorial status, in contrast to the Council of the Union, in which the larger peoples of the country had a proportional advantage 58 .

The term of office of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR according to the 1936 Constitution was 4 years. In 1941-1945. Four sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st convocation took place: the 9th session of the USSR Supreme Council (June 18, 1942) ratified the Treaty on Alliance in the War in Europe and on Cooperation and Mutual Assistance after the War between the USSR and Great Britain; 10th session of the USSR Supreme Council (January 28 – February 1, 1944); 11th session of the USSR Supreme Council (April 24-27, 1945); The 12th session of the USSR Armed Forces (June 22-23, 1945) adopted the Law on the demobilization of older personnel of the active army 59.

The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was also the highest body of state power in the USSR. He was elected by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR at a joint meeting of both chambers at the first session of each regular convocation from among the deputies for the entire term of office of the Supreme Council. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR consisted of a chairman, 15 deputies (one from each union republic), a secretary and 20 members. In all its activities, the Presidium is accountable to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The main powers of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, according to the Constitution of the USSR, were: issuing decrees; interpretation of current laws of the USSR; dissolution of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the basis of Art. 47 of the Constitution of the USSR and the appointment of new elections: holding, on one’s own initiative or at the request of one of the union republics, a popular poll (Referendum); cancellation of resolutions and orders of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Council of Ministers of the Union Republics in case of their non-compliance with the law; on the proposal of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, dismissal and appointment of ministers of the USSR (during the period between sessions of the Supreme Council of the USSR) with subsequent submission for approval of the Supreme Council of the USSR; establishment of orders and medals of the USSR and awarding them; establishment of honorary titles of the USSR and their assignment; exercise of the right of pardon; appointment and removal of the highest command of the USSR Armed Forces; establishment of military ranks, diplomatic ranks and other special ranks; announcement of general and partial mobilization; declaration of a state of war in the event of a military attack on the USSR or, if necessary, to fulfill international treaty obligations in mutual defense against aggression; ratification and denunciation of international treaties of the USSR, representation of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (in the period between its sessions) in relations with parliaments of foreign states; appointment and recall of plenipotentiary representatives of the USSR in foreign states; acceptance of credentials and letters of recall from diplomatic representatives of foreign states accredited with him; declaration of martial law in certain localities or throughout the USSR in the interests of the defense of the USSR or ensuring public order and state security. The Presidium also decided on issues of admission to Soviet citizenship, deprivation of it, or voluntary withdrawal from Soviet citizenship. There were also presidiums of the Supreme Soviets in the union and autonomous republics; their functions are determined by the constitutions of the respective republics 60 .

Due to emergency conditions during the war, the activities of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the highest state and legislative body of the Soviet state, were difficult, the convening of sessions of which was carried out irregularly. In this regard, in 1943, as in the first period of the war, a heavy burden fell on the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the range of whose activities became even wider and more diverse 61 .

The Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR throughout the war was M.I. Kalinin. Only in 1943 did the reception room of M.I. Kalinin was visited by more than 50 thousand people, and over 80 thousand letters were received in his name.

In 1943, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted decrees aimed at strengthening the power of the country's armed forces. Military bills, as in the first period of the war, were usually discussed by specially created commissions, considered by the Politburo, the State Defense Committee, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, and then by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, which issued appropriate decrees based on all proposals. Work was also carried out in the field of strengthening foreign policy ties between the Soviet Union and other states. Also in 1943, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR resolved issues in the field of administrative and territorial transformations in a number of union republics. In the eastern regions of the RSFSR, due to the growth of industry, a number of regions were disaggregated, and new regions were created - Ulyanovsk, Kurgan, Kemerovo. 62.

Along with this, during this period, actions were carried out in violation of the Constitution of the USSR, related to the eviction of a number of nationalities from their territories and the deprivation of their autonomy. In 1943, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR also resolved issues related to the work of industry, transport, agriculture, cultural institutions, labor and the everyday life of Soviet people 63 .

The work was carried out in connection with the awarding of home front workers and soldiers who distinguished themselves at the front in the fight against the enemy, awarding industrial enterprises and military units. In total, in 1943, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted 1,324 decrees on awards. It should be noted that in the second period of the war, the exploits of home front workers began to be celebrated somewhat more widely with government awards. Forty-six plants, factories, trusts, and scientific institutions were awarded orders for their services in supporting the front. 142 people were awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor for their valiant work. Among them are people's commissars, designers, plant directors, scientists 64.

At the same time, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR resolved issues related to the deprivation of orders and titles, pardons, and expungement of criminal records from military personnel who distinguished themselves in battles with the fascist invaders. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR directly supervised the presidiums of the Supreme Councils of the union and autonomous republics. The Presidiums of the Supreme Councils of the Union and Autonomous Republics, on the basis of national legislation, developed laws in accordance with the characteristics of each republic and submitted them to the sessions of the Supreme Councils: on measures to improve the work of bodies providing assistance to the families of military personnel, on improving the work of local Councils of Working People's Deputies, etc. 65

1943 is characterized by the fact that sessions of the Supreme Councils of the Union and Autonomous Republics began to be convened more regularly. In connection with the military situation, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on December 16, 1943 adopted a decree “On postponing elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.” The powers of the Supreme Council of the first convocation were extended. The Supreme Council of the USSR and the Supreme Councils of the Union Republics prepared measures to expand the rights and powers of the Union republics in two areas of their activity - strengthening the country's defense and developing foreign policy relations.

The highest authorities of the republics continued to operate. During the Patriotic War, the sixth and seventh sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR took place. At the sixth session, convened in March 1944, the issue of the liberation of Ukrainian lands and the immediate tasks of reviving the national economy of Soviet Ukraine was considered. The Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR outlined a program for restoring the national economy for the near future. The program provided for the revival, first of all, of heavy industry - coal, metallurgy, machine-building, coke and other key industries of the Ukrainian SSR 66.

At the same session, the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR, in accordance with the laws adopted at the tenth session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, adopted the Law “On the creation of Union-Republican People's Commissariats of Foreign Affairs and Defense of the Ukrainian SSR” and, in connection with this, introduced corresponding changes to the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR.

The foreign policy activities of the Ukrainian SSR began to develop during the war. On September 9, 1944, the Ukrainian SSR signed an agreement with Poland on the evacuation of the Ukrainian population from the territory of Poland and Polish citizens from the territory of the Ukrainian SSR. In February 1945, at the Crimean Conference of the Heads of Government of the USSR, the USA and England, on the initiative of the Soviet government, the question of the participation of Ukraine and Belarus as primary founding members in the international organization that was then being created to maintain peace and security of peoples was raised 67 .

In April 1945, the government of Soviet Ukraine addressed the United Nations Conference in San Francisco with a statement of its desire to participate in this organization as a primary founding member. The government of the Byelorussian SSR also made a similar statement. Ukraine and Belarus were invited to take part in the United Nations Conference in San Francisco. The Ukrainian SSR, through its activities at the conference in San Francisco, made a significant contribution to the creation of the UN Charter.

Thus, during the Second World War, the system of the highest authorities of the USSR underwent significant restructuring. The powers of the main governing body of the state were transferred to the State Defense Committee, which had the right to issue generally binding orders for all organizations, institutions and the population. The solution of actual military tasks was entrusted to the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. From then until the end of the war I.V. Stalin was the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. With the formation of the State Defense Committee and the creation of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, headed by the same person - the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, the creation of the structure of state and military leadership of the war was completed. The Supreme Soviet of the USSR, which was the main body of power in peacetime, played a supporting role in government during the war.

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The Supreme Soviet of the USSR (SC USSR), since 1936, the highest body of state power and the only legislative body of the USSR, competent to resolve all issues referred to the jurisdiction of the USSR by the Constitution of the USSR. Consisted of two equal chambers of the Council ... Wikipedia

The highest government body. authorities of the USSR, created in accordance with the Constitution of the USSR 1936; consists of two chambers: the Council of the Union and the Council of Nationalities. V.S. USSR is the highest representative body of the Soviet Union. state va. Its deputies are directly elected... Soviet historical encyclopedia

SUPREME COUNCIL OF THE USSR- - the highest body of state power of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, a representative body of the Soviet people, elected by citizens of the USSR for a period of 4 years on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage with secret... ... Soviet legal dictionary

The highest body of state power of the USSR and the only legislative body of the USSR. Exercises all rights belonging to the USSR, since they are not, by virtue of the Constitution of the USSR, within the competence of the bodies of the Presidium of the Armed Forces accountable to the USSR Supreme Council... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

SUPREME COUNCIL OF THE USSR- the highest representative body of state power of the USSR, established by the Constitution of the USSR of 1936. Replaced the Congress of Soviets of the USSR and the Central Executive Committee of the USSR (the latter consisted of the Union Council and the Council of Nationalities, which was ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Constitutional Law

Supreme Soviet of the USSR- THE SUPREME COUNCIL OF THE USSR, according to the USSR Constitution of 1936, is the highest state body. authorities of the USSR (elected in 1937, 1st convocation). Until the beginning During the war, 8 sessions of the USSR Supreme Council of the 1st convocation took place. On June 18, 1942, the 9th session of the Supreme Council of the USSR took place in Moscow. Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: encyclopedia

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On June 16, 1974, 1,517 deputies were elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the ninth convocation, of which 767 were elected to the Council of the Union and 750 deputies to the Council of Nationalities. 846 deputies were elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR for the first time, which is 55.8 percent. of the total number of deputies. There are 475 women deputies (234 in the Council of the Union, 241 in the Council of Nationalities). 1096 deputies are members and candidates for membership of the CPSU, 421 deputies are non-party members, including 174 deputies who are members of the Komsomol. There are 769 workers and collective farmers in the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, or 50.7 percent. the general composition of deputies; 142 workers in science, culture, literature and art, education and health care, or 9.3 percent; 241 deputies are party members, 17 are trade union and Komsomol workers; 215 - employee of state, Soviet bodies; 77 - managers of industrial and agricultural enterprises, engineers and other specialists; 56 deputies are military personnel. The composition of deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR by age is as follows: under 30 years old - 279 deputies, or 18.4 percent; from 3 to 40 years - 280, or 18.5 percent; from 41 to 50 years old - 426, or 28.1 percent; from 51 to 60 years old - 331, or 21.8 percent; over 60 years old - 201 deputies, or 13.2 percent. Deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR have education: higher - 764, or 50.4 percent, incomplete higher education - 39, or 2.6 percent, secondary - 513, or 33.8 percent, incomplete secondary - 185, or 12.2 percentage of deputies. Among the deputies are 55 Lenin laureates and 89 State Prize laureates, 31 Heroes of the Soviet Union and 277 Heroes of Socialist Labor; 1,412 deputies were awarded orders and medals of the USSR. Deputies of 61 nationalities were elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Second meeting The meeting takes place in the Kremlin, in the meeting hall of the chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. July 25, 1974, evening meeting. 15 hours. The Chairman of the Council of Nationalities Ruben V.P., Deputy Chairmen of the Council of Nationalities Zhaksybekov S.Sh., Zaichenko N.M., Tashpulatova D., Tikhonov N.S. take their places at the chairman’s table. In the lodges are comrades Kosygin A.N., Pelshe A.Ya., Polyansky D.S., Shelepin A.N., Masherov P.M., Ponomarev B.N., Rashidov Sh.R., Ustinov D.F. . Deputies and guests greet them with prolonged applause. The chairman of the Council of Nationalities is V.P. Ruben. Chairman. Dear comrade deputies! The meeting of the Council of Nationalities is declared open. We need to hear the report of the Credentials Commission on the results of checking the powers of the deputies elected to the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The floor for the report is given to the Chairman of the Credentials Commission of the Council of Nationalities, Deputy Shevardnadze. Shevardnadze E.A. (Tbilisi - Lenin constituency, Georgian SSR).

REPORT OF THE MANDATES COMMISSION OF THE COUNCIL OF NATIONALITIES

Comrade deputies! Elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, which took place on June 16, 1974, took place in an atmosphere of great political and labor upsurge. They demonstrated the indestructible ideological and socio-political unity of Soviet society, friendship and brotherhood of all nations and nationalities of our great Motherland. The high activity of workers in the election campaign, the unanimous election of candidates from the bloc of communists and non-party members convincingly testify to the full support and warm approval by the Soviet people of the internal and foreign policies of the Communist Party, the purposeful and fruitful activities of the Central Committee, its Politburo, the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, comrade L.I. Brezhnev. The Soviet people received with great satisfaction the election platform of the Communist Party, set out in the Address of the Central Committee of the CPSU to all voters, in a bright speech at a meeting with voters by Comrade L.I. Brezhnev, in speeches of other party and state leaders. Soviet people cannot help but be pleased with the successes achieved after the 24th Congress of the CPSU in all areas of economic, socio-cultural construction, and the inspiring prospects outlined by the party for the country's further progress towards communism. Over the years since the last elections, the volume of industrial and agricultural production has increased significantly, the well-being of the Soviet people has increased, and the defense power of our state has strengthened. The active, peace-loving foreign policy pursued by the Communist Party and the Soviet state is an important factor in defusing international tension, establishing the principles of peaceful coexistence of states with different social systems, and strengthening peace throughout the world. Solving the problems of economic and cultural construction is inextricably linked with the further development of socialist democracy. Our political system actually ensures the active participation of the working masses in managing the affairs of society and the state. “In practice, in life,” Comrade L.I. said in a speech at a meeting with voters. Brezhnev, our state is governed from top to bottom with the daily participation of the masses. And this is an important source of the dynamism of our society, the stability of the political system of socialism.” The elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR demonstrated the high civic maturity and political consciousness of the Soviet people. 161 took part in the voting. 689,612 people, or 99.98 percent. all voters included in the lists. During the elections to the Council of Nationalities, 99.85 percent voted for candidates for deputies from the union republics. voters from autonomous republics - 99.68 percent, from autonomous regions and national districts - 99.72 percent. voters who took part in the voting. Thus, the absolute majority of voters cast their votes for candidates of the indestructible bloc of communists and non-party members. Comrade deputies! The Soviet Union is a multinational state. The peoples of our country widely celebrated the 50th anniversary of the formation of the USSR, which marked the triumph of Lenin’s national policy. The union character of our state is reflected in the structure of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, in the equality of its chambers, and in the order of formation of the Council of Nationalities. In accordance with Article 35 of the USSR Constitution, 32 deputies from each union republic, 11 deputies from each autonomous republic, 5 deputies from each autonomous region and one deputy from each national district were elected to the Council of Nationalities. In total, 750 deputies were elected to our chamber. Representatives of 57 nationalities were elected to the Council of Nationalities. Among the deputies are Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Georgians, Azerbaijanis, Lithuanians, Moldovans, Latvians, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, Armenians, Turkmens, Estonians, Abkhazians, Bashkirs, Buryats, Avars, Dargins, Kumyks, Laks, Lezgins, Nogais , Tabasarans, Kabardians, Balkars, Kalmyks, Karakalpaks, Karelians, Komi, Mari, Mordovians, Ossetians, Tatars, Tuvinians, Udmurts, Chechens, Ingush, Chuvash, Yakuts, Adygeans, Altaians, Jews, Karachais, Khakass, Komi-Permyaks, Nenets , Dolgans, Evenks, Mansi, Evens, Koryaks, Chukchi, Poles, Germans, Finns. (Applause). And in total, deputies of 61 nationalities were elected to the Supreme Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, taking into account the national composition of the Council of the Union. Together they are representatives of a single Soviet people - a new historical community of people. (Applause). Comrade deputies! The Credentials Committee notes with great satisfaction that members and candidate members of the Politburo of the Central Committee, secretaries of the CPSU Central Committee, prominent party and government figures of the country, and many leading production workers were elected deputies of the Council of Nationalities. Representatives of the glorious working class, which is the leading force in our society, occupy a worthy place among the deputies. 238 workers were elected to the chamber. These are notable metallurgists and machine builders, miners and oil workers, chemists, builders, experienced craftsmen in the manufacture of automatic instruments and electronic computers, transport and communications workers, textile and food industries, and advanced workers of state farms. The collective farm peasantry is widely represented among the deputies of the Council of Nationalities. Among the 150 collective farmers elected to the chamber are the best field farmers, livestock breeders, and machine operators. All of them are selflessly working to implement the grandiose program outlined by the party for the further development of agriculture. Together there are 51.7 percent of workers and collective farmers in the Council of Nationalities. all deputies, that is, more than half of the composition of our chamber. Prominent representatives of the Soviet intelligentsia were elected to the Council of Nationalities. Among them are 25 scientific workers of the USSR Academy of Sciences, branch academies and academies of sciences of the union republics, rectors and heads of departments of higher educational institutions, 26 teachers and doctors, press workers, writers, actors, artists, composers. Among the deputies are heads of enterprises, economic organizations, and specialists from various sectors of the national economy. 117 Soviet workers, 108 party, trade union and Komsomol workers, and 22 military personnel were elected deputies of the Council of Nationalities. More than 85 percent, or 638 deputies of the Council of Nationalities, have higher and secondary education, which indicates the broad and versatile knowledge of the deputies. 241 women, or 32.1 percent, were elected to the Chamber. of the total number of deputies. This suggests that Soviet women are actively involved in government affairs and in solving the problems of economic and cultural construction of the country. The composition of the Council of Nationalities well reflects the unity and continuity of generations of our society. Here are people wise with life experience, and representatives of the youth, our glorious Komsomol. Among the deputies of the Council of Nationalities there are 141 people, or 18.8 percent. deputies under 30 years of age; 348 people, or 46.4 percent, are between 31 and 50 years old; 154, or 20.5 percent, - from 51 to 60 years old; 107 deputies, or 14.3 percent, are over 60 years old. The composition of the chamber clearly reflects the unity of the bloc of communists and non-party members. 534 deputies are members and candidate members of the CPSU, 216 deputies are non-party members, of which 89 are members of the Komsomol. The current composition of the Council of Nationalities has been significantly updated. 461 deputies of the chamber, or 61.5 percent, were not deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the previous convocation. Thus, at each convocation of the Supreme Council, more and more representatives of the working masses undergo a great school of managing the affairs of the state. It should be noted that 691 deputies of the Council of Nationalities were awarded orders and medals of the USSR, 15 deputies were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and 116 - Hero of Socialist Labor. 71 deputies are laureates of the Lenin and State Prizes. Such a composition of the Council of Nationalities makes it possible to successfully consider and successfully resolve issues of state, economic and socio-cultural construction, to consistently implement the policies of the Communist Party, as required by the Soviet Constitution, the Law on the Status of Deputies, and the high trust of our people. Comrade deputies! The Credentials Commission, on the basis of Article 50 of the USSR Constitution, verified the powers of each deputy elected to the Council of Nationalities. Having examined the protocols of district election commissions on the registration of candidates for deputies, statements of candidates for deputies about their consent to run for office in the relevant constituencies, voting protocols of district election commissions, as well as other materials presented by the Central Election Commission, the Credentials Commission established that the elections of deputies to the Council of Nationalities in in all electoral districts were carried out correctly, on the basis of and in full compliance with the Constitution of the USSR and the Regulations on elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The Credentials Commission did not receive any complaints or statements questioning the election results of any of the deputies. There are no grounds for cassation of elections in any electoral district. In this regard, the Credentials Commission makes a proposal to recognize the powers of all 750 deputies of the Council of Nationalities, elected on June 16, 1974 and registered by the Central Election Commission for elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the ninth convocation. The Credentials Commission submits the following draft Resolution for approval by the Council of Nationalities: “Having heard the report of the Credentials Commission, the Council of Nationalities decides: Based on Article 50 of the Constitution of the USSR, in accordance with the submission of the Credentials Commission, to recognize the powers of 750 deputies of the Council of Nationalities elected on June 16, 1974 in all electoral districts." Session two

The meeting takes place in the Kremlin, in the meeting room of the chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. July 25, 1974, evening meeting. 17 o'clock. The Chairman of the Council of the Union A.P. Shitikov, Deputy Chairmen of the Council of the Union G.A. Aliev, A.L. Davidchik, A. Dzhumaev, B.E. Paton take their places at the chairman’s table. In the boxes - comrades Andropov Yu.V., Grechko A.A., Grishin V.V., Kulakov F.D., Mazurov K.T., Podgorny N.V., Suslov M.A., Shcherbitsky V.V. ., Demichev P.N., Romanov G.V., Solomentsev M.S., Dolgikh V.I., Kapitonov I.V., Katushev K.F. Deputies and guests greet them with prolonged applause. The chairman of the Council of the Union is A.P. Shitikov. Chairman. Comrade deputies! The meeting of the Council of the Union is declared open. The Credentials Commission has completed its work on checking the powers of deputies of the Council of the Union. The floor for the report is given to the Chairman of the Credentials Commission of the Council of the Union, Deputy Mesyats. Month V.K. (Karagandinsky - Leninsky constituency, Karaganda region).

REPORT OF THE MANDATES COMMISSION OF THE UNION COUNCIL

Comrade deputies! The elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the ninth convocation, held on June 16, 1974, were the most important event in the socio-political life of the country. They resulted in a convincing demonstration of the monolithic unity of the Soviet people around the Communist Party and its Central Committee. The preparation and holding of elections everywhere took place under the sign of a nationwide struggle for the successful implementation of the historical decisions of the 24th Congress of the CPSU, and the early fulfillment of the tasks of the fourth, defining year of the Five-Year Plan. The elections contributed to the further development of Soviet democracy and the broad involvement of workers in the management of state and public affairs. The entire course of the election campaign was greatly influenced by the Appeal of the CPSU Central Committee to all voters, the inspiring speech of the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, Comrade L.I. Brezhnev at a meeting with voters of the Bauman constituency in Moscow. In these important documents, in the pre-election speeches of other leaders of the party and state, a deep Marxist-Leninist analysis of the current situation is given, the results of the work to implement plans for the economic and social development of Soviet society, the implementation of the Peace Program are summed up, and prospects for the future are outlined. In the four years since the last election, our country has taken another major step forward. Socialist industry and agriculture are developing at a high rate. Significant successes have been achieved in raising the people's well-being. A new manifestation of the further strengthening of the unity of Soviet society, the triumph of Lenin’s national policy, and the growing friendship of socialist nations and nationalities was the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the formation of the USSR. These years were marked by important foreign policy shifts and the further growth of the international authority of our party and state. The results of the elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR were a clear expression of the Soviet people's warm approval of the domestic and foreign policies of the Communist Party and the Soviet state, the multifaceted and fruitful activities of the Central Committee, its Politburo, the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, Comrade L.I. Brezhnev. (Applause). 161,689,612 people participated in the voting, or 99.98 percent. total number of voters. 161,355,959 people, or 99.79 percent, cast their votes for candidates for deputies of the Council of the Union. voters. This is a convincing victory for the indestructible bloc of communists and non-party people, evidence that the Soviet people trust their party, and the party is doing everything to be worthy of this trust. Comrade deputies! The Credentials Commission of the Council of the Union, on the basis of Article 50 of the Constitution of the USSR, verified the powers of all deputies of the Council of the Union elected on June 16, 1974, and reports on the results of its work. To conduct elections to the Council of the Union, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR formed 767 electoral districts. For all these districts, the Central Election Commission for elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the ninth convocation presented to the Credentials Commission of the Council of the Union protocols of district election commissions on the registration of candidates for deputies, their statements of consent to run for office in the relevant districts, voting protocols of district election commissions, as well as other documents. Having examined these materials, the Credentials Commission established that the elections in all electoral districts were held in full accordance with the Constitution of the USSR and the Regulations on elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. All running candidates received an absolute majority of votes and were elected deputies. The Credentials Commission of the Council of the Union did not receive any complaints or statements questioning the election of deputies in any constituency. Comrade deputies! The Credentials Commission today notes with great satisfaction that the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, Comrade L.I., was unanimously elected to the highest body of state power. Brezhnev (applause), members and candidate members of the Politburo, secretaries of the CPSU Central Committee (applause). With their fruitful activities they have won high authority, boundless trust and heartfelt gratitude of all our people. (Applause). The best representatives of the working class, collective farm peasantry, Soviet intelligentsia, and army and navy soldiers were elected deputies to the Council of the Union. Workers from leading sectors of the national economy are widely represented in our chamber: metallurgical and coal, oil and oil refining industries, mechanical engineering and instrument making, energy and electrification, construction and the building materials industry, workers of state farms and agro-industrial associations. In total, there are 260 people in the Council of the Workers' Union, or 33.9 percent. composition of the chamber. The best collective farm workers were elected deputies. Among them are workers of field crews, livestock farms, foremen, team leaders, machine operators, and collective farm chairmen. There are 121 collective farmers in the Union Council, or 15.8 percent. the entire composition of the chamber. Thus, half of the composition of the chamber are workers and collective farmers, people of labor, with whose hands the material values ​​of our society are directly created. The Soviet intelligentsia is making a worthy contribution to communist construction. She enjoys the respect and trust of the people. Prominent figures of science and culture, literature and art, education and health workers, heads of enterprises and specialists from various sectors of the national economy were elected to the Supreme Council. Among the deputies of the Council of the Union are 22 scientists from the USSR Academy of Sciences, academies of sciences of the union republics and branch academies, 7 rectors and heads of departments of higher educational institutions, 12 teachers and doctors, 15 writers and other creative workers. 98 workers of Soviet bodies, 150 party, trade union and Komsomol workers, 34 military personnel of the Soviet Army and Navy were elected deputies of the Council of the Union. The social, political and industrial activity of Soviet women is growing from year to year. There is no branch of our national economy, science or culture where our women do not contribute their labor to the common cause of building communism. There are 234 women among the deputies of the chamber, which is 30.5 percent. There are 562 members and candidate members of the CPSU and 205 non-party members in the Union Council. This clearly reflects the vitality of the bloc of communists and non-party members, the indestructible unity of the party and the people. Our young generation, our Leninist Komsomol, is surrounded by constant care and truly national attention. The party strives to develop the activity of young people and to involve them more widely in the management of state and public affairs. Among the deputies of the Council of the Union, 138 people, or 18 percent, are under the age of 30, of which 85 are Komsomol members. Deputies aged from 31 to 50 years old - 46.7 percent, from 51 to 60 years old - 23.1 percent. and over 60 years old - 12.2 percent. The level of education of deputies is characterized by the following data: 417 deputies, or 54.4 percent, have higher and incomplete higher education, 345 deputies, or 45 percent, have secondary and incomplete secondary education. Deputies of 41 nationalities were elected to the Council of the Union. Among them: Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Georgians, Azerbaijanis, Lithuanians, Moldovans, Latvians, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, Armenians, Turkmens, Estonians. The multinational composition of the deputies of the Council of the Union is a remarkable evidence of the triumph of Lenin’s national policy, the true equality of the nations and nationalities inhabiting our country. The fact that the best people of our state, who have earned such a high honor with their work, were elected to the Supreme Council is evidenced by the following facts: more than 720 deputies of the Council of the Union were awarded orders and medals of the USSR, 16 were awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union and 161 - Hero of Socialist Labor . 73 deputies are laureates of the Lenin and State Prizes. It should be noted that the composition of deputies of the Council of the Union of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the ninth convocation has been significantly updated. 407 people, or 53.1 percent, were not deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the previous convocation. The given data on the deputies of the Council of the Union clearly reflect the social and national composition of our society, the leading role of the working class in it, the indestructible alliance of workers and peasants, the political and ideological unity of the Soviet people. As can be seen from the above data, the indicated composition of deputies allows the Council of the Union to competently resolve issues of state construction, development of the economy and culture of the country, consistently, as the trust of the people, the Soviet Constitution, the Law on the Status of Deputies oblige, to implement the policies of the Communist Party. Comrade deputies! The Credentials Commission, having checked the documents and materials presented by the Central Election Commission on the elections to the Council of the Union separately for each deputy, proposes to recognize the powers of all 767 deputies elected on June 16, 1974 and registered by the Central Election Commission. The Credentials Commission submits the following draft Resolution for consideration by the Council of the Union: “Having heard the report of the Credentials Commission, the Council of the Union decides: Based on Article 50 of the Constitution of the USSR, in accordance with the submission of the Credentials Commission, to recognize the powers of 767 deputies of the Council of the Union elected on June 16, 1974 in all electoral districts." (Applause). Chairman. Comrade deputies! Do you have any questions for the speaker? No questions. Is there anyone willing to speak on the report of the Credentials Commission? There are no takers.

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Supreme Soviet of the USSR

The Supreme Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, was the highest representative and legislative body of state power of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, operating from 1938 to 1991. From 1938 to 1989 it met in sessions, and from 1989 to 1991 it was the permanent parliament of the Soviet Union.

Since the Soviet political system rejected the doctrine of separation and independence of powers, the Supreme Council had not only legislative, but also partially executive and supervisory powers. The laws issued by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR were the source of law.

The Supreme Council was formally considered the collective head of state (in the intervals between sessions, legislative, representative and other functions of the Supreme Council were carried out by its Presidium).

The nature of the activities of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR has changed since the election and start of work in May 1989 of the first Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR. The Constitution of 1936, compared to the Constitution of 1924, significantly expanded the powers of all-Union bodies, including through monitoring the implementation of the Constitution and ensuring compliance of the constitutions of the Union republics with the Constitution of the USSR. The right to publish republican codes of laws, issues of labor legislation, legislation on the court and the administrative-territorial structure were withdrawn from the union republics in favor of all-union bodies, which meant increased centralization of management. The Supreme Soviet of the USSR also received the right to appoint any investigative and audit commissions, which made it possible to control the activities of any government body.

Emergency measures characteristic of the legislative activities of the USSR Central Executive Committee found their development in the lawmaking of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In 1930–1940, new emergency laws were periodically issued, the scope of which was either expanded to the limit or narrowed. These include the 1938 law on labor discipline, the 1939 laws on equating the production of incomplete or poor-quality products with sabotage, on the establishment of a mandatory minimum of workdays for collective farmers, failure to comply with which threatened the peasant with exclusion from the collective farm, that is, the loss of all means of subsistence. In 1947, a decree on forced labor on collective farms was issued, on the basis of which, for evasion of labor or failure to meet the norm (176 workdays per year), by resolution of the village council, the violator could be deported with his family for 5 years.

The term of office of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the first convocation ended in the fall of 1941, but the outbreak of war forced the elections to be postponed. During the Great Patriotic War, only three sessions of the Supreme Council took place (in June 1942, February 1944, April 1945). At the first of them, deputies ratified the Anglo-Soviet treaty on an alliance in war, at the second, decisions were made to expand the rights of the union republics in the field of foreign relations and defense of the country and the union budget for 1944, the April session approved the budget law of 1945.

The downgrading of the role of the Supreme Council was also facilitated by the new definition under the 1936 USSR Constitution of the Council of People's Commissars (from 1946 - the Council of Ministers of the USSR) as “the highest executive and administrative body of state power.”

The 1977 USSR Constitution did not change the fundamental principles of state life. During the discussion, newspapers and the Constitutional Commission received just under 500 thousand proposals. The workers' letters contained criticism of the political and electoral system of society, the place and role of the Soviets as bodies of power. But the people's opinion was never heard. Moreover, after its adoption, the centralization of state administrative functions in the hands of party bodies increased. The role of state governing bodies has hypertrophied, and the role of the Soviets has been reduced to almost nothing.

The work of the Supreme Council was led by the Presidium, which was re-elected at the beginning of the work of the Council of each convocation at a joint meeting of both chambers from among the deputies. The composition of the Presidium was not permanent and was determined by the Constitution of the USSR. In the 1977 USSR Constitution, the Presidium was defined as a permanent body of the Supreme Council, reporting to it and performing its functions in the period between sessions.

The Presidium was authorized to ratify and denounce international treaties, introduce martial law in certain areas or throughout the USSR, give orders for general or partial mobilization, declare war, and appoint USSR ambassadors. In addition, the functions of the Presidium included: issuing decrees; interpretation of existing laws; exercise of the right of pardon; admission to Soviet citizenship, deprivation of it and approval of voluntary withdrawal from Soviet citizenship; establishment of orders, medals, honorary titles of the USSR and awarding them; establishment of military ranks and diplomatic ranks.

The change in the political leadership of the party and the country served as the beginning of an era of attempts to update state and socio-political structures in the country. During the process, called the “restructuring of Soviet society,” a period of renewal of all spheres of life began, and new political public organizations emerged. On December 1, 1988, two laws were adopted - “On amendments and additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the USSR” and “On the elections of people’s deputies of the USSR”, which significantly changed the system of the highest representative bodies of the USSR. Since 1989, the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR has become the sole head of state, and since 1990 - the President of the USSR.

In June 1988, the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee M. S. Gorbachev at the XIX Conference announced a course for political reform. On December 1, 1988, a new USSR law “On the elections of people's deputies of the USSR” was adopted and the necessary changes were made to the 1977 Constitution of the USSR. On September 5, 1991, the Congress adopted the anti-constitutional Law of the USSR “On Bodies of State Power and Administration of the USSR in the Transitional Period,” which radically changed the structure of government bodies.

According to the law, during the transition period, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was the highest representative body of power of the USSR, consisting of two independent chambers: the Council of Republics and the Council of the Union. The Council of Republics included 20 deputies from each union republic from among the people's deputies of the USSR and union republics, delegated by the highest authorities of these republics. The Council of the Union was formed by deputations of the union republics from among the people's deputies of the USSR in agreement with the highest authorities of the union republics.

For the period before the start of work of the unconstitutionally formed Supreme Council, the powers of the legally elected Supreme Council and its bodies were retained. On December 26, 1991, a session of the unconstitutional Council of Republics adopted a declaration on the termination of the existence of the USSR in connection with the formation of the CIS. On the same day, a decree was issued that stated the release of people's deputies of the USSR from performing official duties on a permanent basis in the Council of the Union of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the bodies of the chamber from January 2, 1992.