Jaspers triad. Reactive psychoses (conditions). Commonality and differences between neuroses and reactive psychoses. Classification of reactive psychoses. Generalizing formulas of Jaspers and Heidegger

Chapter 7. Jaspers' Psychopathology Karl Jaspers (1883–1969) is as difficult to understand in his existential works as other existentialists. Fortunately, he outlined his understanding of consciousness in his very first work, “General Psychopathology,” which was written as early as

CHRISTIAN EXISTENTIALISM. PHILOSOPHY OF KARL JASPERS

CHRISTIAN EXISTENTIALISM. PHILOSOPHY OF KARL JASPERS In addition to atheistic existentialism, there is also its Christian variety. Its main representatives are the German philosopher Karl Jaspers and the French thinker Gabriel Marcel. Christian

Jaspers triad

signs of delirium (Jaspers K., 1913).

1. Subjective confidence in the reality of painful experiences;

2. Inability to correct the patient’s statements;

3. Inconsistency between delusional experiences and reality. Terms used in original writing

. V. M. Bleikher, I. V. Kruk. 1995 .

See what the “Jaspers triad” is in other dictionaries:

JASPERS TRIAD- (proposed as a diagnostic criterion in 1913 by the German psychiatrist K. Jaspers, 1888–1969) – a characteristic combination of signs of reactive depression: the obligatory presence of psychological trauma, its reflection in the clinical picture, disappearance... ...

Reactive states (Jaspers K., 1913). Isolated in reactive states, which are characterized by the following symptoms: 1) the reactive state is caused by mental trauma; 2) a psychogenically traumatic situation is reflected in the clinical picture... ... Explanatory dictionary of psychiatric terms

Jaspers triad of criteria for reactive states- - the main signs of a reactive (caused by a traumatic situation or a certain situation perceived by the patient) mental disorder, according to K. Jaspers (1913), are as follows: 1. the main and usually direct cause of the disorder is ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology and Pedagogy

Jaspers triad of signs of delirium- – typical signs of a delusional idea, according to K. Jaspers (1913): 1. the patient’s subjective confidence in the adequacy of the content of the delusional idea; 2. the inaccessibility of correcting a delusional idea either through persuasion or through suggestion; 3. falsity... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology and Pedagogy

Isolated in reactive states, which are characterized by the following symptoms: 1) the reactive state is caused by mental trauma; 2) a psychogenically traumatic situation is reflected in the clinical picture of the disease, in... ... Explanatory dictionary of psychiatric terms

1. Subjective confidence in the reality of painful experiences; 2. Inability to correct the patient’s statements; 3. Inconsistency between delusional experiences and reality... Explanatory dictionary of psychiatric terms

See Jaspers triad of criteria for reactive states... Explanatory dictionary of psychiatric terms

Triad of K. Jaspers Coincidence of the onset of the disease with the impact of psychotrauma. Reflection of psychotrauma in the structure of experiences. Recovery as psychotrauma deactualizes.

NEUROSIS A psychogenic neuropsychic disorder that occurs as a result of a violation of particularly significant human life relationships and manifests itself in specific clinical phenomena.

Clinical criteria for neuroses Connection of psychogenicity with the patient’s personality Correspondence between clinical manifestations and the nature of the psychotraumatic situation Correspondence of the dynamics of the state with changes in the psychotraumatic situation Higher effectiveness of psychotherapy Absence of psychotic disorders

Basic psychogenic (hysterical) twilight disorders Pseudodementia – Puerilism – Ganzer syndrome – Feralization syndrome – loss of basic skills and knowledge childish behavior, facial expressions, gestures symptoms “bypassing answers” ​​“animal forms of behavior”

F 40. 0 Agoraphobia Diagnostic criteria: anxiety must be limited only (or predominantly) to at least two of the following situations: - crowds, - public places, - moving outside the home and traveling alone; psychological or autonomic symptoms must be the primary expression of anxiety and not secondary to other symptoms such as delusions or intrusive thoughts; avoidance of phobic situations is a pronounced feature (even to the point of refusing any activity outside the home) F 40.00 without panic disorder; F 40.01 with panic disorder. F 40 - F 49. Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders F 40 Phobic anxiety disorders

F 40. 1 Social phobias Diagnostic criteria: often begin in adolescence and center around the fear of experiencing attention from others in relatively small groups of people (as opposed to crowds), which leads to avoidance of social situations; are equally common in men and women; can be isolated (for example, limited only to the fear of eating in public, public speaking, or meeting with the opposite sex) or diffuse, including almost all social situations outside the family circle; social phobias are usually combined with low self-esteem and fear of criticism; may present with complaints of facial flushing, hand tremors, nausea, or urinary urgency, with the patient convinced that one of these secondary expressions of his anxiety is the main problem; symptoms can progress to panic attacks. In extreme cases, it can lead to almost complete social isolation.

F 40. 2 Specific (isolated) phobias Diagnostic criteria: These are phobias limited to strictly defined situations: heights, thunderstorms, darkness, airplane flights, closed spaces, urination or defecation in public toilets, eating certain foods, dental treatment, sight blood or damage and fear of being exposed to certain diseases (sexually transmitted diseases, AIDS), fear of being around dogs. Being in a situation can cause panic as in agoraphobia or social phobia; usually appear in childhood or young adulthood and do not tend to fluctuate in intensity, unlike agoraphobia. The diagnosis requires the presence of all of the following: psychological or autonomic symptoms must be the primary manifestations of anxiety; anxiety must be limited to a specific phobic object or situation; the phobic situation is avoided whenever possible. Includes: - exam phobia - simple phobia

F 41 Other anxiety disorders General instructions: - - manifestations of anxiety - the main symptoms, but not limited to a specific situation; - depressive and obsessive symptoms and elements of phobic anxiety are clearly secondary and less severe. F 41. 0 Panic disorder (episodic paroxysmal anxiety) F 41. 1 Generalized anxiety disorder F 41. 2 Mixed anxiety and depressive disorder

F 42 Obsessive-compulsive disorder F 42. 0 Predominantly obsessive thoughts or ruminations (mental chewing) F 42. 1 Predominantly compulsive actions (obsessive rituals) F 42. 2 Mixed obsessive thoughts and actions

F 43 Reaction to severe stress and adaptation disorders F 43. 0 Acute reaction to stress F 43. 1 Post-traumatic stress disorder F 43. 2 Adjustment disorder (short-term or prolonged depressive reaction due to adaptation disorder)

F 44 Dissociative (conversion) disorders F 44. 0 Dissociative amnesia F 44. 1 Dissociative fugue F 44. 2 Dissociative stupor F 44. 3 Trance and obsession F 44. 4 - F 44. 7 Dissociative disorders of movement and sensation

F 48 Other neurotic disorders F 48. 0 Neurasthenia Diagnostic signs: a) constant complaints of increased fatigue after mental work or complaints of weakness in the body and exhaustion after minimal effort; b) at least two of the following symptoms: - sensation of muscle pain, - dizziness, - tension headache, - sleep disturbance, - inability to relax, - irritability, - dyspepsia; c) any existing autonomic or depressive symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity to meet the criteria for the more specific disorders described in this classification.

F 48. 1 Depersonalization-derealization syndrome Diagnostic criteria: For a reliable diagnosis, signs must be present: a) or b) or both, plus c) and d): a) symptoms of depersonalization, that is, the patient feels that his sensations and/or actions torn off from him, removed, not his own, lost, etc.; b) symptoms of derealization, that is, objects, people and/or the environment seem unreal, distant, artificial, colorless, lifeless, etc.; c) understanding that this is a subjective and spontaneous change, and not imposed by external forces or other people (that is, the presence of criticism); d) clear consciousness and absence of toxic states of confusion or epilepsy.

Moral illnesses Psychopathy Personality disorders (not to be confused with personality changes!) According to K. Schneider: “... these are persons whose personal characteristics bring suffering to others and themselves...”

Personality disorder is a persistent personality pathology that develops in childhood and is observed throughout life, manifested by its general disharmony and expressed to such an extent that it leads to disturbances in interpersonal relationships and to social maladjustment in many areas of the patients’ existence.

Violations in the emotional-volitional sphere (underdevelopment of higher emotions). A different way of thinking with a special assessment of one’s self. A different understanding of one’s role in interpersonal relationships. Tendency to one-sided selection of information. They don't learn from their mistakes.

1. 1. Relative stability. 2. 2. The totality of psychopathic personality traits. 3. 3. Violation of social, family, professional adaptation.

Range of excitable psychopathy: Explosive and epileptoid; Paranoid; Hysterical; Unstable; Expansive schizoids; Hyperthymic.

Excessive sensitivity to failures and refusals, refusal to forgive insults, constant dissatisfaction with someone; Suspicion and general tendency to distort facts; Militant attitude related to individual rights Unjustified jealousy; An opinion about one’s own increased importance, which is manifested by constantly attributing what is happening to one’s own account; Being overwhelmed by unimportant interpretations of surrounding events.

Specific, mixed, long-term personality changes - F 60 -62 F 60 Specific personality disorder A. Severe constitutional disorder of character and behavior, involving several areas of personality and accompanied by personal and social disintegration; V. cannot be explained by extensive brain damage or other mental disorder; C. Satisfies the following criteria: 1. noticeable disharmony in personal positions and behavior; 2. chronic nature of the abnormal behavior style; 3. a pervasive abnormal style of behavior that clearly impairs adaptation to a wide range of situations; 4. manifestation always occurs in childhood or adolescence; 5. in later stages the disorder results in significant personal distress 6. the disorder is usually, but not always, accompanied by significant impairment in productivity ***

Nothing or little gives pleasure Emotional coldness or affective flatness Inability to show strong feelings towards other people Weak response to praise and criticism Little interest in sexual contacts Much time spent in fantasy and introspection Preference for solitary activities Insensitive to social norms, lack of close friends and trust connections.

. . indifference to the feelings of others Position of irresponsibility and disregard for social rules and responsibilities Inability to maintain relationships in the absence of difficulties in their formation Low tolerance to frustration, low threshold for the discharge of aggression Inability to feel guilty and benefit from life experiences Tendency to blame others and justify oneself

Impulsive type: Emotional instability and lack of impulse control, outbursts of cruelty and threatening behavior, unstable mood, minimal planning ability Borderline type Self-image, intentions, internal preferences are often unclear or disturbed, frequent emotional crises, tendency to self-aggressive behavior

Dramatization, exaggerated expression of emotions; Suggestibility, susceptibility to the influence of others or circumstances; Superficiality, lability of emotions; Desire to be the center of attention Excessive preoccupation with one's appearance Self-centeredness, self-indulgence, touchiness, desire to manipulate others

Excessive tendency to doubt and caution Particular attention to details, rules, lists, order Striving for perfection, which interferes with the completion of tasks Excessive conscientiousness, meticulousness, concern for productivity at the expense of pleasure and interpersonal connections Increased pedantry and adherence to social norms, rigidity and stubbornness, the emergence of unwanted thoughts and drives

General feeling of tension and heavy forebodings Feeling of social worthlessness, unattractiveness and inferiority in comparison with others Increased sensitivity to criticism of oneself Reluctance to enter into relationships without a guarantee of being liked Limited lifestyle due to the need for security Avoidance of activities related to interpersonal contacts due to fear of criticism, disapproval or rejection

Dependent personality disorder Active or passive shifting of responsible decisions in one's life to others Subordination of one's needs to the needs of others, on which excessive compliance with the desires of others depends Inability to make reasonable demands on people on whom the patient is dependent Feeling uncomfortable or helpless alone due to Fear of failure in life Fear of abandonment by a significant person Limited ability to make day-to-day decisions without constant advice and support from others Self-image as helpless, incompetent and lacking resilience

Isolated in reactive states, which are characterized by the following symptoms: 1) the reactive state is caused by mental trauma; 2) the psychogenic-traumatic situation is reflected in the clinical picture of the disease, in the content of its symptoms; 3) the reactive state ceases with the disappearance of the cause that caused it. These criteria have not lost their significance to this day, however, further observations have shown some of their relativity and conditionality. Thus, the possibility of delayed occurrence of reactive states has been established [Gannushkin P.B., 1933; Shevalev E.A., 1935]. Psychologically understandable connections between the content of psychopathological symptoms and previous psychogeny are also possible in other cases, in particular in procedural mental illnesses [Gannushkin P.B., 1933; Buneev A.N., 1940; Gilyarovsky V.A., 1914]. Reactive states are not always completely reversible, and in some cases reactive psychosis is separated from the trauma that gave rise to it, and the elimination of the trauma does not always affect the outcome of the disease [Vvedensky I.N., 1926; Krasnushkin E.K., 1928; Felinskaya N.I., 1963; Kantorovich N.V., 1967].

View value Jaspers Triad of Reactive State Criteria in other dictionaries

Triad- triads, w. (Greek trias) (book). A whole consisting of three separate members or parts. Dialectical triad (a term from Hegel’s idealistic philosophy, meaning three stages........
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Weighting Criteria— taking into account various criteria by ranking them by degree of influence and determining the average impact.
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Insurance, Lifetime, Based on Current Criteria (current Indicators)— In life insurance: a form of universal life insurance with a fixed amount of premium payments, providing for an increase in the amount of posthumous benefits......
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Triad- -s; and. [from Greek trias (triados) - three, trinity]
1. Book. A unity formed by three objects, concepts or parts, members. * [The nobleman] is faithful to the triad: Orthodoxy, autocracy,........
Kuznetsov's Explanatory Dictionary

Asthmatic Triad- a combination of bronchial asthma, recurrent polyposis of the nose and paranasal sinuses and intolerance to aspirin and pyrazolone drugs; prognostically unfavorable........
Large medical dictionary

Basedova Triad- (K. A. von Basedow) see Merseburg Triad.
Large medical dictionary

Beka Triad— (S. S. Beck, born in 1894, American surgeon) a combination of increased central venous pressure, ascites, as well as radiological and hemodynamic signs of hypokinesia........
Large medical dictionary

Bezolda Triad— (F. Bezold) a combination of impaired perception of low sounds with prolonged bone conduction in the experiments of Schwabach and Rinne; observed in otosclerosis.
Large medical dictionary

Bleuler Triad— (E. Bleuler) a combination of disorders of thinking (violation of associative connections, fragmentation), emotions (parathymia, affective dullness) and self-awareness (depersonalization, alienation........
Large medical dictionary

Borchardt Triad- (M. Borchardt) a combination of bloating in the epigastric (epigastric) region, the urge to vomit and the inability to insert a tube into the stomach, observed with gastric volvulus.
Large medical dictionary

Villara Triad- (E. Villard, modern French doctor) a combination of three leading symptoms during exacerbation of cholelithiasis: hepatic colic, fever and jaundice.
Large medical dictionary

Windshade Triad— (F. Windscheid, 1862-1910, German neurologist) a combination of three signs of cerebral atherosclerosis: headache, dizziness and memory impairment.
Large medical dictionary

Hutchinson Triad— (J. Hutchinson) symptom complex characteristic of late congenital syphilis: interstitial diffuse keratitis, deafness and Hutchinson’s teeth.
Large medical dictionary

Girsha Triad- (O. Hirsch, 1877-1966, Austrian surgeon) combination of bitemporal hemianopia, pituitary dysfunction and radiographically detectable expansion or destruction of the sella turcica,......
Large medical dictionary

Gregg Triad- (N. Gregg, 1892-1966, English ophthalmologist) a congenital combination of three signs - cataracts, deafness and heart defects, observed in children whose mothers had rubella during the period......
Large medical dictionary

Kartagenera Triad— (M. Kartagener; synonym Kartagener syndrome) hereditary familial developmental anomaly: a combination of bronchiectasis, situs viscerum inversus and polyposis of the nasal mucosa.
Large medical dictionary

Killian Triad- (G. Killian, 1860-1921, German otorhinolaryngologist) a combination of three symptoms with a foreign body in the esophagus: increased pain when swallowing, infiltration of the outer integuments of the neck, increased......
Large medical dictionary

Koha Triad— (R. Koch; syn. Koch’s postulates) three conditions for recognizing a microbe as the causative agent of a certain disease: a) the microbe-causative agent must be detected in all cases of a given disease,........
Large medical dictionary

Kuimova Triad— (D.T. Kuimov) a combination of signs characteristic of spinal epiduritis: the presence of a focus of infection in the body, radicular pain, signs of increasing compression of the spinal cord.
Large medical dictionary

Lewis Triad- (Th. Lewis, 1871-1945, English cardiologist; synonym: Lewis triple reaction, Lewis triple response) a complex of sequentially developing vascular reactions to intradermal injection........
Large medical dictionary

Manic Triad- a combination of three signs of manic or hypomanic syndrome: increased, joyful mood, accelerated pace of thinking, psychomotor agitation.
Large medical dictionary

Marburg Triad- (O. Marburg, 1874-1948, Austrian neuropathologist) a combination of three signs of multiple sclerosis: central paresis, loss of abdominal reflexes, bitemporal pallor......
Large medical dictionary

Merseburg Triad— (syn. Graves triad) combination of goiter, exophthalmos and tachycardia: observed with diffuse toxic goiter.
Large medical dictionary

Morgagni Triad- (G. V. Morgagni) see Morgagni syndrome.
Large medical dictionary

Obsessive Neurosis- the general name of N., manifested by obsessive fears, ideas, memories, doubts, etc.
Large medical dictionary

Nikolaev Triad- (A.P. Nikolaev, 1896-1972, Soviet obstetrician-gynecologist) a set of three measures aimed at treating and preventing intrauterine fetal hypoxia: administering solutions to the mother.......
Large medical dictionary

Paralytic Triad- a combination of dysarthria, Argyll Robertson syndrome and total dementia, observed in progressive paralysis.
Large medical dictionary

Capitol Triad- in Dr. In Rome, three most important gods (Jupiter, Juno and Minerva) were worshiped in the Capitoline Temple.
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Protopopov Triad- (V.P. Protopopov) see Protopopov syndrome.
Large medical dictionary

Jaspers' Mental Process— see Jaspers mental process.
Large medical dictionary

97 0

1. Subjective confidence in the reality of painful experiences; 2. Inability to correct the patient’s statements; 3. Inconsistency between delusional experiences and reality.

Meanings in other dictionaries

Jaspers mental process

A form of the course of mental disorders characterized by progression and the formation of a mental defect. Psychopathological disorders do not arise from the patient’s personality characteristics and are not their development. These are qualitatively new phenomena that completely change the mental makeup of the patient. An example of a mental process is schizophrenia, a number of endogenous-organic...

Jaspers triad of criteria for reactive states

Isolated in reactive states, which are characterized by the following symptoms: 1) the reactive state is caused by mental trauma; 2) the psychogenic-traumatic situation is reflected in the clinical picture of the disease, in its content...

Iatrogenesis

(Greek iatros - doctor, -genes - generating, calling). One of the variants of psychogenics. The cause of painful disorders is the incorrect behavior of the doctor (a careless statement by the doctor about the severity and poor prognosis of the disease, giving the patient the opportunity to familiarize himself with medical documentation, a popular science lecture based on a pessimistic plan, a story about a bad...