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Optical illusion - pictures of illusions with explanations
Don't take optical illusions seriously, trying to understand and solve them, it's just how our vision works. So human brain processes visible light from reflected images.
Unusual shapes and combinations of these pictures make it possible to achieve a deceptive perception, as a result of which it seems that the object is moving, changing color, or an additional picture appears.
All images are accompanied by explanations: how and how long you need to look at the picture to see something that is not really there.
For starters, one of the most discussed illusions on the Internet is 12 black dots. The trick is that you can't see them at the same time. Scientific explanation This phenomenon was discovered by the German physiologist Ludimar Hermann in 1870. The human eye stops seeing full picture due to lateral inhibition in the retina.
These figures move at the same speed, but our vision tells us otherwise. In the first gif, four figures move simultaneously while they are adjacent to each other. After separation, the illusion arises that they are moving along black and white stripes independently of each other. After the zebra disappears in the second picture, you can verify that the movement of the yellow and blue rectangles is synchronized.
Look carefully at the black dot in the center of the photo while the timer counts down 15 seconds, after which the black and white image will turn into color, that is, the grass is green, the sky is blue, and so on. But if you don’t stare at this point (to amuse yourself), the picture will remain black and white.
Without looking away, look at the cross and you will see a green spot running along the purple circles, and then they will completely disappear.
If you look at the green dot for a long time, the yellow dots will disappear.
Stare closely at the black dot and the gray stripe will suddenly turn blue.
If you cut a chocolate bar 5 by 5 and rearrange all the pieces in the order shown, an extra piece of chocolate will appear. Do this trick with a regular chocolate bar and it will never run out. (Joke).
From the same series.
Count the football players. Now wait 10 seconds. Oops! Parts of the picture are still the same, but one football player has disappeared somewhere!
The alternation of black and white squares within four circles creates the illusion of a spiral.
If you look in the middle of this animated picture, then you will walk down the corridor faster, if you move your gaze to the right or left, then it will be slower.
On a white background, the gray stripe looks uniform, but as soon as the white background is replaced, the gray stripe immediately acquires many shades.
With a slight movement of the hand, the rotating square turns into chaotically moving lines.
The animation is obtained by overlaying a black grid on the drawing. Before our eyes, static objects begin to move. Even the cat reacts to this movement.
If you look at the cross in the center of the picture, then peripheral vision will turn the star faces of Hollywood actors into freaks.
Two pictures Leaning Tower of Pisa. At first glance, the tower on the right appears to lean more than the tower on the left, but in fact both of these pictures are the same. The reason is that the human visual system views two images as part of a single scene. Therefore, it seems to us that both photographs are not symmetrical.
Which direction does the subway train go?
This is how a simple color change can make the picture come to life.
We look for exactly 30 seconds without blinking, then we turn our gaze to someone’s face, an object, or another picture.
A workout for the eyes... or for the brain. After rearranging the parts of the triangle, suddenly there is free space.
The answer is simple: in fact, the figure is not a triangle; the “hypotenuse” of the lower triangle is a broken line. This can be determined by the cells.
At first glance, all the lines seem to be curved, but in fact they are parallel. The illusion was discovered by R. Gregory at the Wall Cafe in Bristol. That's why this paradox is called "The Wall in the Cafe."
Look at the middle of the picture for thirty seconds, then move your gaze to the ceiling or white wall and blink. Who did you see?
An optical effect that gives the viewer a false impression of how the chair is positioned. The illusion is due to the original design of the chair.
English NO (NO) turns into YES (YES) using curved letters.
Each of these circles rotates counterclockwise, but if you fix your gaze on one of them, the second circle will appear to rotate clockwise.
3D drawing on asphalt
Which direction does the Ferris wheel rotate? If you look to the left, then clockwise, if to the left, then counterclockwise. Perhaps it will be the other way around for you.
It's hard to believe, but the squares in the center are motionless.
Both cigarettes are actually the same size. Just place two cigarette rulers on the monitor, top and bottom. The lines will be parallel.
Similar illusion. Of course, these spheres are the same!
The droplets sway and “float”, although in reality they remain in their places, and only the columns in the background move.
Optical illusions are those effects of visual perception that occur involuntarily or consciously in a person observing certain images.
Such effects are also called optical illusions - errors in visual perception, the cause of which is the inaccuracy or inadequacy of the processes occurring during the unconscious correction of visual images. In addition, the physiological characteristics of the organs of vision and psychological aspects visual perception.
Optical illusion, presented in this section of the site, consists of distorting perception by incorrectly estimating the length of segments, the size of angles, the colors of a visible object, etc. Its most popular types are illusions of depth perception, inversions, stereo pairs and illusions of movement.
Illusions of depth perception include inadequate reflection of the depicted object. Most famous examples Such illusions are two-dimensional contour pictures - when observing them, they are unconsciously perceived by the brain as single-convex. In addition, distortions in depth perception can lead to incorrect estimation of geometric dimensions (in some cases the error reaches 25%).
Optical illusion Inversion consists of depicting a picture, the perception of which depends on the direction of view.
Stereopairs allow you to observe a stereoscopic image by superimposing them on periodic structures. Focusing your gaze on the picture leads to the observation of a stereoscopic effect.
Moving illusions are periodic images, looking at them for a long time leads to the visual perception of movement from individual parts.
Do you see the frog and the horse in this optical illusion?
This picture is very famous. Turn it over to see how men see women after drinking 6 beers.
Mysterious face found on Mars. This is an actual photograph of the surface of Mars taken by Viking 1 in 1976.
Look at the four black dots in the center of the image for about 30-60 seconds. Then quickly close your eyes and turn towards something bright (a lamp or a window). You should see a white circle with an image inside.
Beautiful illusion of a moving bicycle (© Akiyoshi Kitaoka: used with permission).
Illusion of moving curtains (© Akiyoshi Kitaoka: used with permission).
Interesting optical illusion with perfect squares (© Akiyoshi Kitaoka: used with permission).
And once again perfect squares (© Akiyoshi Kitaoka: used with permission).
This is a classic - no need to explain.
There should be 11 faces in this picture. The average person sees 4-6, attentive people see 8-10. The best see all 11, schizophrenics and paranoids see 12 and more. And you? (Don't take this test too seriously, I heard there might be 13 people there.)
Do you see a face in this pile of coffee beans? Don't rush, it's really there.
Do you see squares or rectangles? In reality, there are only straight lines in different directions, but our brain perceives them in a completely different way!
Illusion is an optical illusion.
Types of optical illusion:
optical illusion based on color perception;
optical illusion based on contrast;
twisting illusions;
optical illusion depth perception;
optical illusion of size perception;
contour optical illusion;
optical illusion "shifters";
Ames room;
moving optical illusions.
stereo illusions, or, as they are also called: “3d pictures”, stereo pictures.
ILLUSION OF BALL SIZE
In fact, this is an optical illusion: these two balls are absolutely equal. You can use a ruler to check. By creating the effect of a receding corridor, the artist managed to deceive our vision: the top ball seems larger to us, because our consciousness perceives it as a more distant object.
ILLUSION OF A. EINSTEIN AND M. MONROE
If you look at the picture from close distance, you see the brilliant physicist A. Einstein.
ILLUSION OF WALL SIDE WITH WINDOW
On which side of the building is the window located? On the left, or maybe on the right?
Illusion of bars
Illusion "Cafe Wall"
Illusion of the Leaning Tower of Pisa
ILLUSION OF WAVY LINES
There is no doubt that the lines depicted are wavy.
Ship or arch?
ILLUSION - GRAFFITI “LADDER”
Now you can relax and not think that there will be another optical illusion. Let's admire the artist's imagination.
BEZOLDI EFFECT
Look at the picture and say in which part the red lines are brighter and more contrasting. On the right isn't it?
COLOR CHANGE ILLUSION
Does the color of the horizontal gray line change in the rectangle?
THE ILLUSION OF A SHINING SUN
This magnificent photograph of the sun was taken by the American space agency NASA. It shows two sunspots pointing directly at the Earth.
ZOLNER'S ILLUSION
Do you see that the herringbone lines in the picture are parallel?
ILLUSION-JESUS CHRIST
Look at the picture for 30 seconds (it may take more), then move your gaze to the light one flat surface, for example, on a wall.
ILLUSION. THREE SQUARE
Sit closer and look at the picture. Do you see that the sides of all three squares are curved?
ILLUSION. BLACK FIGURES
What do you see in the picture?
ILLUSION. ILLUSION OF OUCHI
Look at the center of the picture and you will see a “dancing” ball.
People have been familiar with optical illusions for thousands of years. The Romans made 3D mosaics to decorate their homes, the Greeks used perspective to build beautiful pantheons, and at least one Paleolithic stone figurine depicts two different animals, which can be seen depending on the point of view.
Mammoth and bison
A lot can get lost on the way from your eyes to your brain. In most cases this system works great. Your eyes move rapidly and almost imperceptibly from side to side, delivering scattered pictures of what is happening to your brain. The brain organizes them, determines the context, putting the puzzle pieces together into something that makes sense.
For example, you are standing on a street corner, cars are passing through a pedestrian crossing, and the traffic light is red. Pieces of information add up to the conclusion: now is not the best best time to cross the street. Most of the time this works great, but sometimes, even though your eyes are sending visual signals, your brain is trying to decipher them.
In particular, this often happens when templates are involved. Our brain needs them to process information faster, using less energy. But these same patterns can lead him astray.
As you can see in the image of the illusion with chessboard, the brain does not like to change patterns. When small specks change the pattern of a single chess square, the brain begins to interpret them as a large bulge in the center of the board.
The brain also often makes mistakes about color. The same color can look different on different backgrounds. In the image below, both of the girl's eyes are the same color, but by changing the background, one appears blue.
The next optical illusion is the Cafe Wall Illusion.
Researchers at the University of Bristol discovered this illusion in 1970 thanks to a mosaic wall in a cafe, which is where it gets its name.
The gray lines between the rows of black and white squares appear to be at an angle, but in fact they are parallel to each other. Your brain, confused by the contrasting and closely spaced squares, sees the gray lines as part of a mosaic, above or below the squares. As a result, the illusion of a trapezoid is created.
Scientists suggest that the illusion is created due to the joint action of neural mechanisms at different levels: retinal neurons and visual cortex neurons.
The illusion with arrows has a similar mechanism of action: the white lines are actually parallel, although they do not seem so. But here the brain is confused by the contrast of colors.
An optical illusion can also be created due to perspective, for example, like the chessboard illusion.
Due to the fact that the brain is familiar with the laws of perspective, it seems to you that the distant blue line is longer than the green one in the foreground. In fact they are the same length.
The next type of optical illusion is pictures in which two images can be found.
In this painting, hidden between the flowers are the faces of Napoleon, his second wife Marie-Louise of Austria and their son. Such images are used to develop attention. Found faces?
Here is another picture with a double image called “My Wife and Mother-in-Law.”
It was invented by William Ely Hill in 1915 and published in the American satirical magazine Puck.
The brain can also add color to pictures, as in the case of the fox illusion.
If you look at the left side of the fox picture for a while and then move your gaze to the right side, it will turn from white to reddish. Scientists still do not know what causes such illusions.
Here's another illusion with color. Look at the woman's face for 30 seconds and then look at a white wall.
Unlike the fox illusion, in this case the brain inverts the colors - you see a projection of a face on a white background that acts as a movie screen.
And here visual demonstration how our brain processes visual information. In this incomprehensible mosaic of faces, you can easily recognize Bill and Hillary Clinton.
The brain creates an image from pieces of information received. Without this ability, we would not be able to drive a car or cross the road safely.
The last illusion is two colored cubes. Is the orange cube inside or outside?
Depending on your point of view, the orange cube may be inside the blue cube or floating on the outside. This illusion works due to your perception of depth, and the interpretation of the picture depends on what your brain considers true.
As you can see, despite the fact that our brain copes well with everyday tasks, in order to deceive it, it is enough to break the established pattern, use contrasting colors or the desired perspective.
Do you think this is often the case in real life?
A selection of optical illusions and double-digit pictures.
The eyes are complex mechanism which helps a person to perceive correctly the world. But as practice shows, even such a seemingly perfect mechanism can be easily deceived.
This can be done using color contrasts, sharply changing proportions and various kinds small details. Thanks to all this, the human eye will see an optical illusion that changes depending on the angle at which you look at it.
Optical illusion
Optical illusion (visual illusion)- this is an incorrect perception of certain pictures or surrounding objects by the eyes. In this case, the eyes see the image a little differently than the brain tells them. The correct background, depth and geometric shapes arranged in a certain sequence help to achieve a similar effect in the picture.
All these little tricks prevent the eyes from correctly scanning the image in front of them, and as a result, the brain forces the person to see a distorted picture. This feature human eye Surrealist artists take full advantage of this and try to surprise people with paintings that have a special meaning. That is why surrealism can also be classified as an optical illusion that can provoke a person to strong emotions.
Illusion pictures for the eyes
As you probably already understood, illusion pictures force our brain to perceive images not exactly as they look. This happens because the brain also has patterns, and if it understands that the eyes do not perceive the picture quite correctly, it begins to send impulses that make it completely different.
The brain can also be tricked using bright color. If the same picture is superimposed on a different background, then it individual parts the eyes will perceive in a different color.
People are even more misled by pictures that depict geometric shapes that are contrasting in color. At first glance, it may seem to a person that they are located parallel to each other. But in fact, if you look more closely at them, you can understand that they are looking in opposite directions.
And, of course, don’t forget that a loving picture looks different from different angles. In view of this, if you make it contrasting, you will see different depths in it. This can be seen in the example with a contrasting cube.
Stereo image to improve vision
3D stereo image
3D picture
3D stereo pictures- this is nothing more than the same optical illusions, simply created by alternating dots and textures. Main principle Such pictures are based on the brain’s ability to compare different data and estimate distances to objects, figures and points as accurately as possible.
Such images are very often used for eye training in the treatment of ophthalmic pathologies. According to experts, if a person looks at such pictures for at least a few minutes a day, his eyes will relax properly.
In order to correctly see the stereo image, you will first need to move away from it at arm's length and try to completely relax your eyes. You should try to look through the image. If you do everything correctly, after some time you will see the most realistic three-dimensional picture.
Three-dimensional picture in black and white
Black and white flats
If you carefully read our article, you probably realized that illusion pictures work best with color contrast. This is why black and white images are the easiest to deceive our eyes. If you just look at the simplest picture in this color scheme, you will notice that your eyes jump from one element to another, not knowing where to stop.
That is why, when looking at such an optical illusion, it seems to a person that the figures in the image are constantly moving, floating and moving. If, for example, a portrait of a person is depicted in such a color scheme, then depending on the color it will change both its contour and its shape.
Eyes see movement due to correctly selected colors
The good thing about moving pictures is that they create a realistic effect. When a person looks at them, it seems to him that he really sees a waterfall or a sea that sways. The best thing in this case is that a person does not need to take absolutely any action to see everything correctly. As a rule, at the first glance at such a visual illusion, the eyes immediately catch the movement of some individual details.
Geometric moving picture
In case this happens geometric picture, then it will be created using contrasting shades and identical geometric shapes. In this case, the eyes will perceive it almost the same as a black and white image, making it seem to the person that the drawing is always in motion.
The square can only be seen when turning
The picture shows how you can visually enlarge an object
GIFs, like any other illusion pictures, deceive the human eye and it does not perceive them exactly as it did initially. In this case, everything is built on movement. It is from the speed and in which direction the elements move that a person can see different images.
Also, gifs allow you to visually reduce large objects quite well and enlarge very small ones. This happens by moving closer or further from the object you will be looking at.
Optical illusion with depth effect
Hypnosis picture focusing attention on a central point
Hypnosis pictures- these are images that can lead a person into lung condition trance promoting relaxation nervous system. Most often, this effect is achieved with the same contrast and the same type of lines or figures, placed from largest to smallest. Looking at the image, a person tries to understand the secret of the continuous movement of objects in his field of vision.
And the more he tries to solve the riddle of the hypnosis picture, the more he plunges into a kind of trance. If you try long time look into the center of such an optical illusion, then it will inevitably begin to seem to you that you are moving along some kind of corridor or simply falling somewhere. This state will cause you to relax and forget about everyday problems and obstacles for a while.
The double meaning of minimalism
Mirror optical illusion
The main secret of double optical illusions is the almost complete repetition of all, even the smallest lines. This creates a mirror effect that allows you to create an image that will look different from different angles. In this case, you can combine two completely different designs in the picture, as long as they fit each other perfectly in shape and color scheme.
Also double picture may consist of two completely different images, just when you look at it you will see the outlines of the same figure.
Pictures for visual deception for children
In principle, visual illusion pictures for children are also based on the contrast of colors, the depth of lines and a correctly selected background. It’s just that, unlike images for adults, in this case, upside-down pictures are most often used.
By looking at them, the baby tries to recognize what his eyes actually see, thereby helping him develop logical thinking. And in order to make it easier for small children to perceive what they see, as a rule, the drawings depict animals or plants that are familiar to them.
For example, this could be a drawing that depicts a cat that turns into an angry dog when it turns over.
In addition, children perceive very well pictures in which the same object has different lengths. In this case, the illusion effect is achieved by the correct background and different colors two figures completely identical in shape.
Geometric illusion
Geometric illusions- this is nothing more than an image of objects of different shapes, which the eye perceives not quite as is customary in geometry. In this case, the ability of the human eye to determine the color, direction and size of objects is used.
But if in geometry they are arranged according to certain rules, then in this case, for example, a rectangle can be composed of several triangles of different sizes. This illusion is designed so that a person, instead of seeing triangles, will look at parallel lines and try to understand how similar they are.
Also in geometric illusions, contrast in size is very often used. Looking at such an image, a person does not see that the two central circles are the same size. Even when looking closely, he thinks that the circle surrounded by smaller objects is larger than the one surrounded by larger ones.
Pictures of optical illusion with a dress
If you spend a lot of time on the Internet, then you have probably already come across a picture with a question about the color of a dress. As a rule, people cannot give a definite answer to this question as in different time day they see a different shade of the outfit. What is this connected with? As already mentioned at the very beginning of our article, the human eye is a rather complex mechanism, the main one of which is the retina (responsible for the correct perception of color).
The retina itself consists of rods and cones, the number of which determines how brightly a person perceives a particular color. For this reason, the dress may appear soft blue to some people, while deep blue to others. When it comes to optical illusions, lighting plays a huge role. In daylight it will appear lighter, but in artificial light it will appear much brighter and darker.
Picture for optical illusion – “Girl or old woman”
Each of us has experienced the “Girl or Old Woman” optical illusion at least once in our lives. But, having looked at it, we simply forget about it and don’t even think about why our eyes see such a dual picture. In fact, in this case, completely two different images are skillfully connected to each other in one drawing.
If you pay closer attention, you will realize that one pattern flows smoothly into the other. For example, the oval of a young girl’s face simultaneously serves as the nose of an old woman, and her ear serves as the eye of an elderly woman.
Tattoo imitating the flight of a butterfly
Surreal tattoo
Tattoo with volumetric effect
As you probably already understood, an optical illusion is nothing more than a correctly drawn picture. Therefore, if you wish, you can easily get yourself a tattoo in the style of surrealism.
All you have to do is apply it using contrasting colors, the right directions and background. All this will help you create voluminous and even visually moving images on your skin. You can see an example of a tattoo in the style of surrealism a little higher.
Mirror surfaces in the interior
Optical illusions are good because they can radically change any room. Mirror surfaces are considered the simplest visual deception. With their help, even the smallest room will seem huge and bright.
Horizontal lines on walls
Different textures change the space well. If you want to easily stretch the room, then decorate the walls with horizontal lines. If, on the contrary, you need to reduce something, then frame it with vertical lines.
Floating table in the interior
If you wish, you can decorate your kitchen with so-called floating furniture. To do this, you will only need to buy a table whose legs will be made of either transparent plastic or glass.
Hidden doors
Also, if you wish, you can decorate your home with an invisible door. To achieve a similar effect, you will have to install a door with hidden hinges, and then decorate it in the same color as the walls.
Optical Illusion: Dress Form
Optical illusion: color
As you probably already understood, visual deception can help a person make the world around him more organic, and this applies not only to the interior. If you need to correct your figure, you can try to do this using optical illusions. All that will be required of you is to choose the right color and shape of your outfits.
Surrealism in painting
Two-faced picture
Optical illusions are very popular among artists. They help them make their paintings deeper and more interesting not only visually, but also semantically. As a rule, for this they use so-called two-faced pictures.
Most often, in this way they try to disguise the caricature. Surrealist artists use a similar technique to create drawings with a triple image, thereby trying to give their masterpiece a deeper meaning. You can see examples of such paintings a little higher.
Tenderness and strength in one picture
Salvador Dali is considered the most famous surrealist in the world. He always painted images in his paintings that made a person far from art think. This is probably why even now people look at his masterpieces with great pleasure and try to understand what the great artist was thinking about when he painted them.