Structure, functions and meaning thyroid gland
Thyroid (glandula thyroidea) - endocrine gland, part of endocrine system, synthesizes a number of hormones necessary to maintain homeostasis in the body.
Thyroid gland (colloquially "thyroid gland")- a symmetrical organ, consisting of two lobes and an isthmus. Right and left lobe adjacent directly to the trachea, the isthmus is located on the anterior surface of the trachea. Some authors separately identify the pyramidal lobe in the thyroid gland. In a normal (euthyroid) state, the mass thyroid gland ranges from 20 to 65 g, and the size of the lobes depends on gender and age characteristics and can vary within fairly wide limits. During puberty, there is an increase in size and thyroid mass, and in old age, accordingly - its decrease. During pregnancy, women also experience a temporary increase in the size of the thyroid gland, which goes away on its own, without treatment, within 6-12 months after birth.
Occurs in the thyroid gland synthesis of two iodine-containing hormones - thyroxine (T 4) and triiodothyronine (T 3), and one peptide hormone - calcitonin. In the tissue of the thyroid gland, the amino acid tyrosine accumulates, which is deposited and stored in the form of a protein - thyroglobulin (a building material for the synthesis of thyroid hormones). In the presence of molecular iodine and the activation of the enzyme thyroid peroxidase (TPO), the hormones T3 and T4 are synthesized. Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are synthesized in the apical part of the thyroid epithelium. Calcitonin (thyrocalcitonin) is produced by the parathyroid glands, as well as the C-cells of the thyroid gland.
Thyroid hormones are the main regulators of homeostasis human body. With their direct participation, the main metabolic processes occur in tissues and organs; formation of new cells and their structural differentiation takes place, as well as genetically programmed death of old cells (apoptosis). Another equally important function of thyroid hormones in the body is to maintain constant temperature body and energy production (the so-called calorigenic effect). Thyroid hormones regulate tissue oxygen consumption, oxidation and energy production processes in the body, and also control the formation and neutralization of free radicals. Throughout life, thyroid-stimulating hormones influence mental, psychological and physical development body. Hormone deficiency in early age leads to growth retardation and can cause diseases bone tissue, and their deficiency during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of cretinism in the unborn child due to underdevelopment of the brain during the prenatal period. Thyroid hormones are also responsible for the normal functioning of the immune system - they stimulate the cells of the immune system, the so-called. T cells, which the body uses to fight infection.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), among endocrine disorders, thyroid diseases rank second after diabetes mellitus. More than 665 million people in the world have endemic goiter or suffer from other thyroid pathologies; 1.5 billion people are at risk of developing iodine deficiency diseases. Moreover, according to statistics, the increase in the number of thyroid diseases in the world is 5% per year.
According to various sources, from 15 to 40% of the Russian population suffer from thyroid pathologies, while in some regions the percentage of patients in need of thyroid treatment approaches 95%. Statistics show that every second person living in Moscow and the Moscow region has a dysfunction or structure of the thyroid gland.
Among possible reasons The development of thyroid pathologies can primarily be attributed to poor environmental conditions, lack of iodine and other nutrients in the diet, as well as increasingly common genetic disorders.
To select the correct treatment, diagnosing patients with thyroid diseases should include physical, instrumental and laboratory methods for assessing its morphological structure and functional activity. For example, by palpation (tactile palpation with fingers) of the thyroid gland, you can determine its size, the consistency of the thyroid tissue and the presence or absence of nodules. By far the most informative laboratory method determining the concentration of thyroid hormones in the blood is linked immunosorbent assay carried out using standard test kits. Besides, functional state thyroid gland estimated by the absorption of the isotope 131 I or technetium 99m Tc.
Ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the thyroid gland.
Modern assessment methods thyroid structures also include ultrasound diagnostics(ultrasound), computed tomography (MRI), thermography and scintigraphy. These methods make it possible to obtain information about the size of the organ and the nature of accumulation of the radiocontrast agent in different parts of the gland. Using a fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA), thyroid cells are collected for analysis and then studied.
It should be noted that with all the variety of methods for laboratory monitoring of the thyroid gland, the most quick methods diagnostics are tests to determine the content of free/bound forms of hormones T 3 and T 4, antibodies to thyroglobulin (AT-TG) and to thyroid peroxidase (AT-TPO), as well as the level thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) in blood plasma. In addition, sometimes a type of analysis is performed to determine iodine excretion in urine. This study allows us to determine whether there is a connection between thyroid disease and iodine deficiency.
There are a large number of different thyroid diseases. Almost all of them, depending on the characteristics of changes in the functional activity of the thyroid gland, can be divided into three large groups.
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism (hypofunction) is a condition characterized by a decrease in the level of thyroid hormones, occurs in 19 out of 1000 women, and in 1 out of 1000 men. Often hypothyroidism is not detected long time, because Symptoms of the disease develop very slowly and patients do not complain about their health status. In addition, the symptoms of hypothyroidism can be nonspecific, and the disease can occur hidden behind the “masks” of a number of other diseases, which in turn leads to erroneous diagnosis and incorrect treatment.
With a chronic lack of thyroid hormones in the human body, all metabolic processes slow down, as a result of which the production of energy and heat decreases. Clinical symptoms development of hypothyroidism are:
In women, hypothyroidism can cause problems menstrual cycle, be the cause of early menopause. One of the common symptoms of hypothyroidism is depression, for which patients are referred to a psychologist or psychiatrist.
Thyrotoxicosis
Thyrotoxicosis (hyperfunction) - clinical condition, characterized by a persistent increase in the level of thyroid hormones in the blood, which leads to the acceleration of all metabolic processes in the body. Classic symptoms of tereotoxicosis are:
Sometimes, and especially in old age, these symptoms do not appear expressed and patients associate their condition not with any disease, but with natural age-related changes in organism. For example, a feeling of heat, “hot flashes”, which are classic signs of thyrotoxicosis, can be regarded by women as manifestations of menopause.
A fairly common symptom in patients with thyroid diseases is goiter (formation of the so-called goiter) - enlargement of the organ acceptable values(normal gland volume in men is 9-25 ml, in women - 9-18 ml). In the euthyroid state, the thyroid gland slightly enlarges adolescence, also in women during pregnancy and after menopause. Depending on whether the entire organ is enlarged or only a separate part of it is enlarged, it is customary to distinguish between diffuse or nodular goiter, respectively.
Undoubtedly important role Genetic factors play a role in the occurrence of thyroid diseases, which determine a person’s predisposition to a particular disease. But, in addition, the role of various external stress factors in the development of thyroid pathologies is undeniable:
It is these factors that are trigger mechanism occurrence of thyroid diseases.
Simply put, the human body is constantly affected by certain reasons that force its thyroid gland to produce increased or reduced quantity hormones. This leads to the fact that this organ of the endocrine system “wears out” and “fades away”, and becomes unable to synthesize the optimal amount of hormones T3 and T4 for the body’s needs. Ultimately develop either chronic functional disorders thyroid gland (hypo-, hyperthyroidism), or morphological changes in its structure (formation of goiter, formation of nodules, hyperplasia, etc.).
Hormonal disorders of the thyroid gland, manifested as hyper- or hypothyroidism, are usually treated with chemotherapy drugs. In Russia, the standard of treatment is the use of thyroid hormone drugs, including: medications such as triiodothyronine, thyroxine, as well as their combinations and complexes with inorganic iodine (iodothyronine, thyrotom, thyrocomb).
These medications compensate for the deficiency of your own thyroid hormones and are usually used for life. This method of treating the thyroid gland is called hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Its main disadvantage is the suppression of the thyroid gland's synthesis of its own thyroid hormones, as a result of which the patient becomes dependent on hormone replacement therapy and can no longer live without pills. Among other side effects of HRT, it is necessary to note the occurrence of allergic reactions to synthetic hormones, violation heart rate, nervous disorders etc.
Performing surgery on the thyroid gland (resection, thyroidectomy).
The second class of drugs widely used to treat thyroid diseases are thyreostatics, that is, drugs that disrupt the process of synthesis, production or release of thyroid hormones into the blood. This group of drugs includes thiamazole derivatives (tyrosol, mercazolil), thiouracil derivatives (propicyl), as well as diiodotyrosine. Traditionally, thyreostatics are used to suppress the increased production of thyroid hormones.
However, it must be taken into account that after such treatment, the thyroid tissue of the thyroid gland atrophies, the functional activity of the organ decreases significantly and after some time the patient is forced to switch to hormone replacement therapy. In addition, this class of drugs has significant side effects: nausea, vomiting, suppression of hematopoietic function, impaired liver function, allergic reactions etc.
A treatment method such as surgery (resection, thyroidectomy) is most often used for pathological changes in the structure of the thyroid gland. Mandatory indications for the operation are malignant neoplasms, as well as difficulty swallowing and breathing.
Besides that surgery It is the most stress method treatment for the patient, it has other serious disadvantages. First of all, this is the risk of developing postoperative complications, giving about 10 percent of disability (damage to the vocal nerves, removal parathyroid glands), as well as lifelong use of hormones.
In addition to medicinal chemotherapy drugs in Russia there is whole line herbal remedies, mainly in the form of dietary supplements, approved for use and used for complex treatment thyroid diseases. Bioadditives of this group can be classified according to their composition as:
Often in advertising and in pharmacies, customers are offered various forms of dietary supplements containing finely ground parts medicinal plants. This form of processing plant raw materials is ineffective for treatment for a number of reasons. It is reliably known that the content of biologically active active substances(BAS) in the extract is 5-10 times higher than in the original raw material from which it is made. Therefore, to achieve a similar therapeutic effect it is necessary to take at least 5-10 times more mass units of raw material (mg, g) than the extract. In addition, unscrupulous manufacturers include crushed parts of plants with obviously no pharmacological effect in the composition of drugs. In phytopharmaceuticals, such a phenomenon as organ-specific accumulation of biologically active substances is well known (for example, in the roots there is a high content active ingredients, in grass their concentration is 0%). This technique manufacturers of dietary supplements is a deliberate deception of uninformed consumers. It should also be noted that taking dietary supplements containing crushed parts of plants is often dangerous for the health of consumers (there is a high microbial contamination of raw materials, dyspeptic symptoms when taken - heaviness in the abdomen, bloating, flatulence, nausea, colic, exacerbation occurs gastrointestinal diseases- constipation, impaired peristalsis, appendicitis), etc. But perhaps main drawback such products - low bioavailability of biologically active substances of whole plant raw materials and high concentration ballast substances, which sharply reduces pharmacological effect from taking these drugs.
Today, the greatest interest among clinicians, especially endocrinologists and endocrinologists-gynecologists, is the drug ENDONORM ®. Thanks to the content of clinically proven medicinal plant extracts, this drug has high therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of thyroid diseases such as hypo- and hyperthyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis, nodular/multi-nodular goiter, as well as other disorders of the thyroid gland.
In simple language about thyroid diseases in women..
The thyroid gland takes part in all metabolic processes of the human body, is responsible for the growth of the body, and influences the functioning of almost all systems. It produces three - thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T4, T3), calcitonin, which determine its functional activity.
IN human body The gland is located in the neck in front of the larynx. It has two lobes and an isthmus connecting them. If you imagine it figuratively, it looks like the letter “N”. Diseases of the thyroid gland occur in various forms and have a high prevalence.
Thyroid diseases are much more common in women than in men. The high incidence is due to iodine deficiency in our country, as well as the lack preventive measures to replenish iodine deficiency.
Symptoms of thyroid disease in women may go unnoticed or are not given importance, since many gland diseases tend to have a sluggish, chronic course.
Since the thyroid gland is involved in metabolic processes, the first signs of thyroid disease indicate a metabolic disorder. The first thing a woman will notice is an unreasonable weight gain or, conversely, a decrease in weight. Hair, nails and skin will also tell you a lot.
An important sign indicating a possible organ disease is cycle disorder and the inability to conceive.
With various diseases, thyroid function can increase or decrease. Two syndromes develop that characterize the functional activity of the organ - hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
When there is an increase in thyroid function, hormones are produced in quantities exceeding normal indicators several times.
Hyperthyroidism can occur due to diseases of the gland itself or due to disturbances in the systems that regulate its functioning (pituitary gland or hypothalamus).
Thyrotoxicosis occurs more often in women in at a young age. An increased amount of hormones helps to enhance metabolic processes and accelerate reactions in organs and tissues. This cannot but affect the health and general condition of a person.
Symptoms of hypersecretion of T3 and T4:
The thyroid gland is enlarged; in advanced cases, the enlargement becomes noticeable to the naked eye.
The condition of hypothyroidism is the exact opposite of hyperthyroidism. If in hyperthyroidism hormones are produced in greater quantities than the body needs, then in hypothyroidism there is a deficiency. Wherein metabolic processes progress slowly, the disease also develops at a slow pace, a woman can live with it for many years, attributing the symptoms to fatigue or malaise.
Signs of hypothyroidism are associated with a lack of hormones T3 and T4:
The thyroid gland changes its size towards reduction. In the absence of replacement therapy, atrophy of the glandular tissue occurs.
The concept of “thyroiditis” includes a number of diseases, the pathogenesis of which is based on an inflammatory reaction. Thyroiditis, depending on its course, is divided into acute, subacute, and chronic.
Acute thyroiditis is the result of the penetration of infectious agents into the thyroid tissue. This can happen with injuries to the neck, as well as during the spread of infection from nearby organs, for example, with purulent sore throat, pneumonia, etc.
The main symptoms, as with any infectious disease, will be pain in the area of the gland projection, heat body, weakness. Signs in blood tests acute inflammation(increased number of leukocytes, increase in ESR). When palpating the thyroid gland area, there is pain in the affected area; sometimes you can feel a focus of purulent tissue destruction (abscess).
In this place, softened tissue is felt with a characteristic feeling of fluid movement; in medicine, this phenomenon is called a symptom of fluctuation.
Subacute thyroiditis occurs after viral diseases. Women complain of pain in the neck, which can spread to the jaw, ear, and back of the head, thereby complicating diagnosis. Body temperature rises. Blood tests may or may not show signs of inflammation.
Chronic thyroiditis has two forms:
Fibrous thyroiditis has a second name - Riedel's goiter. This is a rather rare form of goiter, which is characterized by the replacement of glandular tissue with coarse connective tissue, into which proteins subsequently fall out, and its structure resembles cartilage.
The thyroid gland becomes like a stone to the touch, its functions gradually fade away, and hypothyroidism develops.
The causes of this pathology are unknown. A petrified and enlarged gland can put pressure on the organs of the neck, which is dangerous for the patient’s life.
The disease of greatest importance for the female population is chronic autoimmune thyroiditis.
By unknown reasons, among women this pathology occurs 8 times more often than in the opposite sex. The disease was studied and described by a doctor from Japan, after whom this variant of thyroiditis was named Hashimoto's goiter.
Hashimoto's goiter occurs due to disorders immune system. The production of antibodies against gland tissue begins. What this is connected with is not entirely clear. Women over the age of 50 get sick.
The trigger mechanism can be trauma to the thyroid gland, surgery on the thyroid gland, as well as infectious diseases, deterioration of the environmental situation, etc. Hashimoto's goiter can be inherited to subsequent generations.
The disease has a long course. The gland tissue becomes denser and is replaced by connective tissue. On initial stages disease, signs of hyperthyroidism may be observed due to compensatory mechanisms, but as a result, the functions of the gland fade away, and the symptoms of hypothyroidism increase.
Goiter is a disease of the thyroid gland that is accompanied by its enlargement. When nodules form in the gland, the disease is called nodular goiter. In this case, the node can be in a single copy, several nodes can be formed, sometimes there are so many nodes that they are soldered together, forming conglomerates.
The nodes are easily palpable during manual examination. Treatment depends on the nature of the nodes. They can be benign or malignant.
After examination and palpation, the endocrinologist will order the following studies:
The number of studies depends on the patient’s diagnosis and is determined by the doctor.
Pathologies of the thyroid gland are treatable. It is important for a woman to consult a doctor at the first symptoms of thyroid disease. If you have a family history or live in endemic areas, you must visit an endocrinologist for an examination for preventive purposes.
The thyroid gland is an important organ in the functioning of the human body. This gland produces special hormones for metabolism and other processes. When the thyroid gland becomes ill, the hormonal process is disrupted, which also affects the health of other organs. How to determine that the thyroid gland is faulty, symptoms of the disease in women?
Among modern women over 30 years old, thyroid diseases have become the norm, and among older women, over 60 years old, it is common to have problems with the thyroid gland. The disease occurs for a number of reasons, but it manifests itself very slowly. It develops to such an extent that it becomes visually simple to determine inflammation.
To understand in detail the symptoms of thyroid disease in women and how to treat this matter, you can follow the links below. You can also read Wikipedia or download the book further in the article: Treatment of thyroid diseases, as well as a special file with folk remedies for treatment at home.
Before approaching the symptoms and treatment of the thyroid gland in women, it is necessary to know what it looks like and where it is located. This can help to better understand the principles of disease definition and treatment methods.
The thyroid gland, like a butterfly, because in appearance we resemble it, is located just below the neck.
Look at external signs diseases in women. By the way male disease The thyroid gland may not show up at all.
Video of the thyroid gland and symptoms of the disease in women
Be sure to watch this video. Doctor Butakova tells everything about the symptoms and diseases of the thyroid gland in women. Although in the video she, to put it mildly, advertises Coral Club products, you can ignore it. Just watch this video to understand how to identify the disease, what causes it, and what it can lead to.
To prevent the disease from going too far and becoming chronic, you need to know the signs of thyroid disease in women, because decreased hormonal activity requires one treatment, and increased activity of the gland requires another. Therefore, it is necessary to know about the symptoms of thyroid disorders in women. Treatment should be carried out only after an accurate diagnosis has been established.
A person generally doesn’t like going to doctors and listening to their advice; he prefers to avoid such trips, so he tries to get treatment himself, at home.
It is known that thyroid disease affects reproductive function, so if you catch any form of the disease during pregnancy, you may be left without the opportunity to have children in the future.
There can be two signs of an unhealthy thyroid gland:
Very often, high blood pressure or hypertension can be symptoms of a thyroid disorder, in which case you can take medication for blood pressure.
The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones, which should be exactly as much as it should produce. If the thyroid gland becomes ill, these hormones become either too much or too little. Doctors call this condition a hormonal disorder.
Some symptoms can be identified hormonal disorders when there is a deficiency or excess of thyroid hormones:
Often, medications are prescribed as treatment, in the form of hormones, which should stabilize the decrease or enlargement of the thyroid gland.
To identify signs of thyroid disease in women, namely a lump in the throat, you need to pay attention to the following symptoms:
These signs may indicate different shapes diseases: hyperthyroidism, nodule, toxic goiter.
If you find symptoms of inflammation of the thyroid gland (autoimmune thyroiditis), it must be treated urgently, otherwise it may worsen and progress the disease. Inflammations come in different forms and will also manifest themselves in different ways.
Any inflammation must be treated urgently, especially inflammation of the thyroid gland. The symptoms in women are obvious, and treatment takes place quite quickly if everything is done correctly.
If the disease is started, then the accumulation of a purulent sac and its further rupture is only one of the dangerous results.
Find out what the thyroid gland affects. Many people attribute weakness to ordinary fatigue, but this may not be entirely true.
Depending on the form of thyroid disease, symptoms in women and treatment may vary. Now we will talk more about the symptoms of the disease, and below, in the section on treatment, we will find out what means can cure the disease.
Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism).
Hyper indicates increased activity of the gland when there are too many hormones. The body is poisoned by excess hormones and receives toxicosis and an enlarged thyroid gland.
Main symptoms:
The most common reasons are:
Unlike hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism means decreased activity of the thyroid gland. The main reason for insufficient hormone production is iodine deficiency and inflammation.
Characterized by the following symptoms:
If a pregnant woman has such a disease, the fetus may be affected already in the womb and have disorders of the nervous and other systems. Pregnancy can be interrupted, so treatment of hypothyroidism should be carried out before pregnancy. Read below about the methods by which this form of the thyroid gland is treated.
The size of a woman's thyroid gland should be about 18 cubic meters. cm. The permissible size at which it is diagnosed that the organ is not deformed is no more than 30 cubic meters. see. If it is larger, it is sure sign nodules in the thyroid gland, and you may feel:
Treatment methods:
After the operation, a small, invisible scar will remain, however, many women refuse surgery. The fact is that the consequences can be very bad if treatment is not started in time.
Causes and treatment of thyroid goiter in women
A woman's goiter is easy to identify - the neck becomes enlarged, like a pelican's. Men do not see this; their disease develops differently. The lack of the hormone that should be produced by the thyroid gland affects the increased proliferation of cells. And the hormone is lacking due to low iodine content in the body, not always, but very often.
A goiter may form as if increased activity glands, and with low
The causes of goiter are still the same, but the main one is an advanced form of the disease. Read about treatment methods below.
Signs of detecting thyroid cancer
If cancer is detected at an early stage of the disease, it can be cured in 99% of cases.
Main symptoms:
What types of thyroid cysts are there?
Symptoms of thyroid disease in women in the form of a cyst.
Unfortunately, a cyst can only be identified when it has reached a large size. The photo below shows how a cyst can be identified on different stages development.
Most often, the signs of a cyst that has already appeared are:
Treatment can take place in two options:
Everything is clear with the operation, but as for observation, doctors periodically look at the size of the cyst and if it grows, they suggest surgery. Very often, after the puncture, the cyst grows again, so the operation is performed again.
If we are talking about a small cyst, then with the help of medications, you can influence the reduction of the disease. There are doctors who recommend patients a diet with increased content Yoda. We will talk about diet and treatment below.
By the way, women should take note to strengthen the vaginal muscles, find out what kind of cream it is and how it narrows the vaginal muscles.Treatment of thyroid hypoplasia in women
Thyroid hypoplasia is a pathological disease when the gland is underdeveloped. Naturally, the production of hormones is disrupted, as a result of which the organ does not grow further.
The causes of this disease are:
As medical treatment, on early stages diseases prescribed hormonal drugs, to replenish the iodine content in the body. If hypoplasia develops for a long time, then it is believed that there are already irreversible processes that cannot be treated.
In folk medicine, there are also remedies for this at home. Read the article further to learn about folk remedies.
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The most useful and correct thing that can be done to treat not only the thyroid gland, but any organ, is to regulate the nutrition process. Diet plays the role of a savior in many ways. What products should be added to the daily menu to treat the thyroid gland in women?
Treatment of the thyroid gland in women with nutrition.
Since the main reason large gland there is slagging in the body, namely blood and lymph, they need to be cleaned. See on our website how to cleanse your body of waste and toxins.
The fact is that toxic blood and lymph do not allow the thyroid gland to work in normal, clean conditions, which is why a malfunction occurs. But, as soon as the body, and most importantly the intestines, is cleansed, immediate recovery occurs.
To cleanse the body, use any raw vegetables, they are fiber and, like a broom, will sweep away all toxins from the intestines.
Also on a thyroid diet you need to eat the following vitamins:
Consume foods with high content these elements:
Simply put, eat more. raw vegetables and fruits to be healthy and recover from any diseases. When you start eating right, the body turns on the cleansing system and gradually removes all the toxins and waste from the body that have accumulated in it throughout your life.
Folk remedies for the treatment of the thyroid gland in women include:
Exact cooking recipes folk remedy can be downloaded from the link below:
It is worth saying a few words about the treatment of the thyroid gland in women with drugs and medications. Although this method of treatment is becoming a thing of the past and is being replaced by plant-based nutrition, we will still touch on this topic. Despite the fact that we give the name of certain medications, they should be used only with a prescription and as directed by a doctor. Don't commit suicide!
Treatment of hypothyroidism in women.
In the treatment of hypothyroidism, L-thyroxine is used - this is a synthetically prepared substitute for the real hormone. Sold in pharmacies, packaged in 50 and 100 mcg. Apply every morning half an hour before meals.
Treatment of thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) in women.
There are three directions for treating this form of the disease:
1. With the help of medications: Mercazolil, propylthiouracil, thiamozol (blocks thyroid activity) - the duration of treatment extends to 2 years. Possible side effects such as allergies, rashes, pneumonia;
2. Radiotherapy - taking the capsule radioactive iodine. This iodine accumulates in the cells of the thyroid gland and the cells gradually die so that in their place a connective tissue, and the thyroid gland has decreased in size. After such treatment, pregnancy is prohibited for a year;
3. Surgery is indicated for severe enlargement of the thyroid gland and neoplasms. All or part of the thyroid gland is removed. Naturally, there will be complications after the operation, because they cut out an important internal organ, so it’s better not to let it get to that point;
4. When treating autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland in women, hormonal drugs are used and examinations are performed every 90 days;
Any therapy must be carried out under the strict supervision of the attending physician. But you shouldn’t leave everything up to the doctor’s conscience. Even if drug treatment is indicated as the main one, do not forget about proper nutrition, physical activity and rest.
We are glad to welcome those who opened this page. With this article we want to form in you an active, rational and responsible attitude towards your health and motivation for recovery.
We ask you to answer a few questions about the thyroid gland.
Read the following statements carefully and if you answer “true” add 1 point, “false” – 2 points, “don’t know” – 3 points.
1. The thyroid gland is a small organ located on the front surface of the neck in its lower part?
2. Does the thyroid gland produce hormones that are released into the blood and affect all cells and tissues in the body?
3. Thyroid diseases affect people starting from childhood, or to be more precise, already in the womb and throughout life?
4. Increased fatigue, weakness, weight gain, swelling of the face, dry skin, brittle nails and hair, constipation, memory loss - could these symptoms be manifestations of thyroid pathology?
5. Rapid heartbeat and interruptions in heart function, weight loss, feeling hot and heavy sweating, increased emotional lability - could these symptoms be manifestations of thyroid pathology?
6. Can pathology of the thyroid gland lead to heart damage?
7. Thyroid pathology can lead to disorder menstrual function and infertility?
8. For normal operation Is it important for the thyroid gland to consume enough iodine in food?
9. To replace iodine in the body, is it necessary to use iodized salt?
10. Iodine requirement in different periods is life different?
11. Are some thyroid diseases hereditary?
12. Does the term “goiter” mean only an increase in the volume of the thyroid gland?
13. Can nodules appear in the thyroid gland?
14. To determine the structure of the thyroid gland, is it necessary to perform an ultrasound of the thyroid gland?
15. To clarify the function of the thyroid gland, is it necessary to examine the level of thyroid hormones in the blood serum?
16. With nodal and multinodular goiter Can thyroid function be normal?
When you score from 0 to 20 points - you are well aware of the role of the thyroid gland in our body, from 20 and above - you need to carefully read the information below.
The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones - thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which, released into the blood, affect all cells and tissues of the body, regulate the speed various processes metabolism. These hormones are responsible for many vital important functions: they regulate the activity of the brain, nervous and of cardio-vascular system, gastrointestinal tract, affect reproductive function, the work of the mammary and reproductive glands and much more.
There are many various signs that may indicate hypothyroidism are: increased fatigue, weakness, swelling of the face, dry skin, weight gain, memory loss, constipation, chilliness. Hypothyroidism can be caused by many factors, the most common being chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's goiter), a disease in which the gland is destroyed. Other causes of hypothyroidism include surgical interventions on the thyroid gland and treatment with radioactive iodine. Patients with insufficient thyroid function should undergo replacement therapy.
The reverse process is also possible - hyperthyroidism - excessive activity of the thyroid gland in producing hormones. This may be a short-term reaction to physical stress or mental overload, or the process may be sustainable, in which case we are talking about thyrotoxicosis.
Thyrotoxicosis- literally "thyroid hormone poisoning" - a condition caused by a persistent increase in thyroid hormone levels due to an overactive thyroid gland.
A person becomes irritable, whiny, restless, gets tired quickly, loses weight, despite a good appetite, he is worried about palpitations, interruptions in heart function, increased sweating, trembling in the hands or whole body, the skin becomes moist and hot. Performance occurs frequently eyeballs, lacrimation begins, pain in the eyes.
Most common cause thyrotoxicosis is a diffuse toxic goiter ( Graves' disease) - This autoimmune disease which leads to an enlargement of the thyroid gland. Less common causes are nodular diseases of the thyroid gland ( toxic adenoma, Plummer's disease) or its inflammation.
Diagnosis of thyroid diseases
Diagnosis of thyroid diseases is carried out by a doctor based on examination and medical history; to confirm and clarify the diagnosis, medications are prescribed. lab tests(measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone, assessment of the concentration of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroglobulin content, absorption of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland, various tests and analysis for antibodies) as well as x-ray or CT scan. If you suspect tumor diseases a biopsy is performed.
If after reading this information you still have any questions, be sure to contact a specialist.
Remember that only a qualified endocrinologist can prescribe you correct treatment, select the necessary medications and monitor their effectiveness.
– one of the most important organs of the endocrine system. It performs many vital functions. Various diseases of this organ can lead to serious pathological changes in the body. In view of this, it is necessary to know what the symptoms of a diseased thyroid gland are, as well as the main diseases of the organ.
The thyroid gland is a paired organ consisting of two symmetrically located lobes and an isthmus connecting them. The organ is located in close proximity to the trachea. The main function of the thyroid gland is to secrete cells responsible for the regulation of various organic processes.
The main function of thyroid hormones is considered to be participation in metabolic processes. In addition, some of them are involved in the growth process of the body and regulate the reproductive system.
In addition, the thyroid gland performs a reservoir function. This organ retains, which is necessary for the secretion of hormones, and is also directly involved in various physiological processes.
The glands produced by the thyroid gland are responsible for maintaining a constant body temperature and oxidation processes in cells, due to which the energy necessary to maintain the functioning of the body is released. Hormones have a direct impact on mental processes.
In general, we can conclude that the thyroid gland is very important body, as it is responsible for the secretion of substances that affect the entire body.
Diseases of the thyroid gland and the appearance of their characteristic symptoms are a consequence of the fact that there is an increase or decrease in the concentration of hormones produced by it. Low activity The thyroid gland is called hypothyroidism, and is one of the most common pathologies of the organ.
Main reasons:
The clinical picture of this disease is in many ways similar to the signs of hypothyroidism. However, important distinctive feature is presence pronounced violations nervous system.
Among them:
The disease is also accompanied by severe cardiac pathologies. Most often, patients have an accelerated heartbeat and increased blood pressure. The presence of these symptoms, as well as persistent sinus tachycardia, which does not go away even when used special drugs, provokes the development of heart failure.
Negative side effects are also common in hyperthyroidism digestive system. Patients experience sharp, cramping pain attacks in the abdomen and regular diarrhea. In some cases, high concentrations of hormones negatively affect liver cells, causing the release of pigment substances into the blood. Because of this, the patient develops jaundice. In older people, hyperthyroidism can cause severe dehydration, sharp decline body weight and even anorexia.
Thus, hypothyroidism is a common pathology of the thyroid gland associated with the accelerated production of thyroid hormones.
At the moment, despite the development of medicine, most gland diseases cannot be cured completely, especially if the disease is at a late stage. However, the use traditional methods allows you to eliminate the negative manifestations of hormonal disorders, restoring normal course metabolic processes.
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