I apologize in advance for this stupid question- did not understand all the intricacies of scoring on hormonal diet. points are calculated as in the Kremlin diet - i.e. by 1 point per 100g of product? Or are these points for the entire portion? And here's another thing: breakfast 4 points - is it just one product or multi-component? Thank you all in advance)))

Recently I became interested in Mirimanova’s “Minus 60” diet; in general, everything is not bad, and there are goodies in the morning and almost separate meals for lunch and dinner. Not hungry in general diet, not 3 cabbage leaves per day. But one thing still confuses me is not to eat after 18. How is this possible, for example, I have dinner at 17, because I have a workout at 18, and then drink empty tea or water?

Maybe I should still eat something light at 8 p.m.

I stayed on a drinking diet for a week, the result was minus 2.5 kg. I expected more, but I'm glad about it too. I don’t want to stop, but drinking as a long-term option is also not an option))). Considered the 90 day system separate power supply, in which days alternate by type of food - protein, carbohydrate, starch, vitamin. I want to combine these two diets: alternate days of separate eating with drinking. I think this regime is more diverse and humane from a health point of view, and the results will be quick

The whole family is going to Turkey, we are extremely happy. But I’m afraid none of us will think about restrictions there. Once we get to the goodies, we won’t leave the table. How to eat properly on vacation so that you don’t feel excruciatingly scary and upset later? What excesses should you avoid in restaurants and on the beaches?

The “6 petals” diet is ideal for me, I can easily tolerate it, I’ve already practiced it 2 times. Everything is great, except for cottage cheese day - I hate cottage cheese. I’m planning another course from Monday, I ask in advance - what can replace cottage cheese? Is it even possible to change it? And does the replacement somehow affect the result? Thank you all in advance for the tips))

Girls, we need your support, advice and experience. It’s already the 11th day of the Dukan diet and there is no result!!! I strictly follow all the rules, but there is no plumb line even 100g!!! What am I doing wrong? What could be the reason for the lack of results? I will be very grateful to everyone for advice and opinions

The question is in the title. Anyone who has been on a strict protein diet with no carbohydrates, please share your experience. According to reviews, she has excellent weight loss results, but how safe is the absence of carbohydrates for health? Did you have any Negative consequences?

Good afternoon. I decided to try the Protasov diet - there are such good reviews about it. Need some advice from practitioners. I scoured the Internet looking for details and subtleties. I don’t quite understand about dairy products - there are a lot of contradictions: some say kefir is not allowed, others say only 3.2%, somewhere they write milk with only 5% fat content, is milk allowed?.. Which is correct?

biscuits assortment quality

Energy value, or calorie content, is the amount of energy released in the human body from food during the digestion process. The energy value of a product is measured in kilocalories (food calories - kCal) or kilojoules (kJ) per 100 grams of product.

Nutritional value - the content of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the product.

The nutritional value food product- a set of properties of a food product, the presence of which satisfies physiological needs man in the necessary substances and energy.

Vitamins, organic matter, necessary in small quantities in the diet of humans and most vertebrates. A person's daily need for vitamins is several milligrams or micrograms. Unlike inorganic substances, vitamins are destroyed by strong heat. Many vitamins are unstable and are “lost” during cooking or food processing.

1. Sugar cookies are a flour product made from plastic, easy-to-tear dough with high content sugar and fat. It has brittleness, high swelling ability and porosity. A design is usually stamped on the front surface of sugar cookies by making it from a plastic dough that has an easy-to-tear consistency (Table 1).

According to the table above, sugar cookies serve as an excellent basis for depositing caramel, marmalade, marshmallow masses and boiled condensed milk on them, therefore the dough for them is prepared under conditions that prevent gluten from swelling.

Table 1

Sugar cookies

2. Long-lasting cookies - layered, containing less sugar and fat, are produced from elastic-elastic dough (the humidity of which is almost 1.5 times higher, and the sugar content is 2 times less than sugar dough) on high-performance, highly mechanized production lines. When kneading dough with such structural and mechanical properties, it is necessary to create conditions for the most complete swelling of gluten proteins, which are determined by the recipe composition of the raw materials and the technological parameters of dough kneading (Table 2).

table 2

Nutritional value and chemical composition of hard biscuits

3. Butter cookies - they differ from other types in that they are used for their production. butter. It is produced from dough of various shapes and small sizes, varied in its properties and containing a large number of sugar, fat and egg products. Depending on the method of preparation and recipe, butter cookies are divided into shortbread, shortbread, churned, croutons and nut cookies. The main element of the equipment set, which determines productivity, is the MTK type dough depositor. Butter cookies, unlike sugar and long-lasting cookies, are incredibly diverse. The dough used to make this type of cookie does not have a clear recipe, so butter cookies can be shortbread, puff pastry, whipped or oatmeal. This type resembles home-baked cookies in taste and appearance (Table 3).

Table 3

Nutritional value and chemical composition of butter cookies

4. Galette cookies - (French Galette - boulder, pebble), large cookies, mostly rectangular in shape, replacing bread, capable of maintaining their quality for a long time. They are made from wheat flour with the addition of yeast, chemical raising agents, salt and sugar. This flour products, which are dry canned bread intended for consumption with tea and first courses. Biscuits are made without sugar and fat, with different contents. In appearance, biscuits are similar to hard biscuits, but are thicker. Biscuits are produced from premium and first grade flour, or from wallpaper flour (Table 4).

Table 4

Nutritional value and chemical composition of biscuits

5. Cracker cookies - or dry cookies, characterized by thin-walled layering and fragility, differ from biscuits in their high fat content; may be with flavoring additives (cumin, anise). Crackers are made from premium and 1st grade wheat flour, with weak gluten. Cracker shapes can be rectangular, square, round or circular (Table 5).

Table 5

Nutritional value and chemical composition of cracker cookies

Thus, modern level knowledge about the composition of cookies helps to find objective criteria for determining its quality; cookies contain a whole vitamin complex, inorganic substances in the form of trace elements, including fluorine, calcium, magnesium, which can be dissolved in water and serve as an anti-sclerotic agent. Particular attention should be paid to phosphorus and its compounds, which are very important for maintaining the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. The use of the Flagman premix in the production of cookies makes it possible to increase the nutritional value and attractiveness of the product for modern Russian consumers. consumer market thanks to its unique composition (an optimally balanced complex of vitamins and mineral iron). Vitamin and mineral premix "Flagman" includes vitamins: B1, B2, B6, B12, PP, E, folic acid, β-carotene and mineral substance iron. This composition of the premix ensures replenishment of losses of group vitamins. In up to the level of natural contents arising during grain processing, flour storage and cookie baking. Cookies with vitamins and iron can be produced on the basis of existing technological lines any types and designs without additional capital costs and changes technological processes. Despite such significant advantages, we should not forget that a typical meal consisting of bread, cookies and boiled food in excess, with insufficient consumption raw food violates normal condition blood and tissues in relation to the most important chemical elements.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS

Nutritional value and chemical composition "Sugar cookies made from premium flour".

The table shows the contents nutrients(calories, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals) per 100 grams of edible portion.

Energy value is 417 kcal.

Main source: Skurikhin I.M. and etc. Chemical composition food products. .

** This table shows the average levels of vitamins and minerals for an adult. If you want to know the norms taking into account your gender, age and other factors, then use the My Healthy Diet app.

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The nutritional value

Serving Size (g)

NUTRIENT BALANCE

Most foods may not contain the full range of vitamins and minerals. Therefore, it is important to eat a variety of foods to meet the body's needs for vitamins and minerals.

Product calorie analysis

SHARE OF BZHU IN CALORIES

Ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates:

Knowing the contribution of proteins, fats and carbohydrates to calorie content, you can understand how well a product or diet meets the standards healthy eating or the requirements of a certain diet. For example, the US and Russian Departments of Health recommend 10-12% of calories come from protein, 30% from fat and 58-60% from carbohydrates. The Atkins diet recommends low carbohydrate intake, although other diets focus on low fat intake.

If more energy is expended than it is received, the body begins to use up fat reserves, and body weight decreases.

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DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF THE GOAL

USEFUL PROPERTIES OF COOKIES, SUGAR FROM HIGH-GRADE FLOUR

Sugar cookies made from premium flour rich in vitamins and minerals such as: vitamin E - 23.3%, phosphorus - 11.3%, iron - 11.7%

What are the benefits of sugar cookies made from premium flour?

• Vitamin E has antioxidant properties, is necessary for the functioning of the gonads and heart muscle, and is a universal stabilizer cell membranes. With vitamin E deficiency, hemolysis of erythrocytes and neurological disorders are observed.
• Phosphorus takes part in many physiological processes, including energy metabolism, regulates acid-base balance, is part of phospholipids, nucleotides and nucleic acids, necessary for the mineralization of bones and teeth. Deficiency leads to anorexia, anemia, and rickets.
• Iron is part of proteins of various functions, including enzymes. Participates in the transport of electrons, oxygen, ensures the flow of redox reactions and activation of peroxidation. Insufficient consumption leads to hypochromic anemia, myoglobin deficiency atony skeletal muscles, increased fatigue, myocardiopathy, atrophic gastritis.

A complete guide to the most healthy products you can look in the app

Energy value, or calorie content- this is the amount of energy released in the human body from food during the digestion process. The energy value of the product is measured in kilocalories (kcal) or kilojoules (kJ) per 100 grams. product. Kilocalorie used to measure energy value food products, also called " food calorie", therefore, when indicating calorie content in (kilo)calories, the prefix kilo is often omitted. You can see detailed energy value tables for Russian products.

The nutritional value- content of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the product.

Nutritional value of food product- a set of properties of a food product, the presence of which satisfies the physiological needs of a person for the necessary substances and energy.

Vitamins, organic substances required in small quantities in the diet of both humans and most vertebrates. Vitamin synthesis is usually carried out by plants, not animals. A person's daily requirement for vitamins is only a few milligrams or micrograms. Unlike inorganic substances, vitamins are destroyed by strong heat. Many vitamins are unstable and are “lost” during cooking or food processing.

Let's consider the chemical composition and nutritional value of the finished product. Since sugar cookies formed on stamping and rotary machines can consist of three grades (highest, first and second), we will consider the highest grade.

Chemical composition and the nutritional value product "sugar cookies made from premium flour"

The list below shows the nutritional content (calories, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals) per 100g. edible part.

Calorie content of premium sugar cookies:

· calorie content (calories): 417 (kcal).

The nutritional value:

· calorie content: 417 (kcal);

· proteins: 7.5 (g);

fat: 9.8 (g);

· carbohydrates: 74.4 (g);

· alimentary fiber: 2.3 (g);

organic acids: 0.5 (g);

water: 4.5 (g);

· mono- and disaccharides: 23.6 (g);

starch: 50.8 (g);

· ash: 1 (g);

· saturated fatty acids: 2.1 (g);

· cholesterol: 23 (mg).

What vitamins are present in sugar cookies made from premium flour:

· vitamin pp: 0.7 (mg);

· vitamin a: 0.01 (mg);

· beta-carotene: 0.008 (mg);

· vitamin a (re): 11 (mcg);

· vitamin b1 (thiamine): 0.08 (mg);

· vitamin b2 (riboflavin): 0.05 (mg);

· vitamin e (TE): 3.5 (mg);

· vitamin pp (niacin equivalent): 1.9 (mg).

Macronutrients:

· calcium: 29 (mg);

· magnesium: 20 (mg);

· sodium: 330 (mg);

· potassium: 110 (mg);

· phosphorus: 90 (mg);

· iron: 2.1 (mg).

General classification and assortment of sugar cookies

Depending on the recipe and manufacturing method, cookies are divided into:

· sugar;

· protracted;

· buttery.

Butter cookies are divided into:

· sand-removal;

· sand-jigging;

· whipped;

· crackers;

· nutty.

Cookies are baked from premium, first and second grade flour with the addition of fat and sugar. Depending on the recipe and properties of the dough, there are sugar cookies, long cookies and butter cookies. Sugar cookies are baked from crumbly, inelastic, easily torn dough, with weak gluten properties. It has a round, rectangular, square or curly shape; the surface is light brown with a clear pattern.

The following cookies are baked from premium flour: “Rot-Front”, “Slivochnoe”, “Orange”, “October”, “Hello”, “Record”, “Scarlet Flowers”, “Piglets”; from 1st grade flour - “Tea”, “Chess”, “Our Brand”, “Dorozhnoe”, “Sadko”, “Leto”; from 2nd grade flour - “Novost”, “Ukrainian”.

Long-lasting cookies are baked from elastic, viscous, elastic dough with highly pronounced gluten properties and a reduced sugar and fat content. The finished product has a layered structure. It is less fragile and brittle, has less swelling compared to sugar cookies, there are punctures on the surface of the product, and the color is lighter.

The following cookies are baked from premium flour: “Moscow”, “Maria”, “Shkolnoe”, “Detskoe”, “Leningradskoe”, “Solenoe”; from 1st grade flour - “Sport”, “Mixture No. 12”, “Croquet”; from 2nd grade flour - “Mixture No. 1”, “Ukrainian”.

Butter cookies are small flour products, the recipe of which is dominated not by flour, but by fat, sugar, egg products and flavorings. The dough for butter cookies is prepared from only the highest grade flour. It is formed by the method of excavation or jigging; stamps are not used. Butter cookies are prepared in several types: shortbread (removable and deposited), whipped, nut, croutons.

Shortbread cookies contain a lot of fat and sugar and have a crumbly structure: “Shortbread”, “Leaves”, “Mosaic”, “Chamomile”, “Orange Sticks”, “Suvorovskoe”.

Whipped cookies are made by beating egg whites with powdered sugar and kneading them with a very small amount of flour: “Sugar”, “Oktyabrenok”, “Lakomka”.

Nut cookies are made from sugar, eggs, flour, grated almonds or nuts; The dough is kneaded, not kneaded. Assortment - "Almond", "Southern", "Slavyanskoe".

Cracker cookies are prepared from dough with high content sugar, eggs, fat. The dough is shaped into a loaf, which, after baking and cooling, is cut into pieces and dried. Assortment - "Moscow and Kyiv bread".

Crackers and biscuits have a peculiar appearance, specific taste and aroma, well-developed porosity. Crackers can be used instead of bread. Depending on the preparation method and recipe composition, crackers are divided into groups:

I - with fat or with fat and fat layer on yeast and chemical leavening agents or only on yeast;

II - with fat or with fat and fat layer with yeast and chemical leavening agents or only with yeast, with flavoring additives (cumin, anise, a large amount of salt, etc.);

III - without fat, with yeast and chemical raising agents or with yeast only.

Cookie - pastry small size, made from dough, which can be either salty (crackers) or sweet. The shapes of cookies are square, round, oval, in the form of stars, tubes and gingerbread men. As a topping for this delicious product chocolate, custard, nuts, ginger, raisins, condensed milk are used, various seeds and poppy Cookies can be hard or soft, filled with glaze on top or filled from the inside, and there are cookies without any additives at all.

Cookies that contain sugar or white chocolate are high in calories, so this product not suitable for those who have a desire to reset excess weight. However, there are cookies produced specifically for diabetics: they contain glucose instead of sugar, so the calorie content of this type of cookie will be much lower than that of its “sugar” counterparts. There is also a special diet cookies. For its preparation, whole grain wheat, corn or oat flour. Such a dietary delicacy, regardless of how many calories are in the cookies, will not cause any particular harm to the figure if consumed in small quantities.

Based on the method of preparation and consistency of the dough, the following types of cookies are distinguished:

• Dry or lingering:
• Sugar;
• Butter, which in turn can be whipped, shortbread, oatmeal or puff pastry.

How many calories are in cookies: nutritional and energy value

The calorie content of cookies depends on the type of culinary product and the ingredients used for its preparation.

The nutritional value and calorie content of oatmeal cookies per 100 g is:

• Proteins – 5.6 g;
• Carbohydrates – 74.3 g;
• Sugar – 31.05 g;
• Fats – 14.87 g;
• Calorie content of oatmeal cookies – 434 kcal;
• Saturated fat – 4.2 g;
• Monounsaturated fats – 10.17 g;
• Polyunsaturated fats – 2.46 g;
• Cholesterol – 0 mg;
• Fiber – 2.16 g;
• Sodium – 230.4 mg;
• Potassium – 93.6 mg.

Nutritional value and calorie content Anniversary cookies, per 100 g is:

• Proteins – 7 g;
• Carbohydrates – 66 g;
• Water – 2.98 g;
• Calorie content of Jubilee cookies – 463 kcal;
• Water – 0 g;
• Fats – 19 g.

The nutritional value and calorie content of biscuits, per 100 g, is:

• Proteins – 9.45 g;
• Carbohydrates – 66.58 g;
• Sugar – 31.05 g;
• Fats – 9.35 g;
• Calorie content of biscuits – 394.53 kcal;
• Water – 2.78 g;
• Dietary fiber – 0 g;
• Sodium – 0 mg.

The nutritional value and calorie content of shortbread cookies per 100 g is:

• Proteins – 5.038 g;
• Carbohydrates – 53.044 g;
• Sugar – 12.43 g;
• Fats – 19.84 g;
• Water – 2.78 g;
• Saturated fat – 5.01 g;
• Monounsaturated fats – 11.04 g;
• Polyunsaturated fats – 2.66 g;
• Calorie content of shortbread cookies – 411.29 kcal;
• Cholesterol – 20.56 mg;
• Fiber – 1.028 g;
• Sodium – 370.08 mg;
• Potassium – 82.24 mg.

Recipe for making biscuits at home

To prepare biscuits you need the following ingredients:

• Milk 1.5% or water – 100 ml;
• Sugar or fructose – 40 g;
• Vanillin – 1 tsp;
• Lemon juice – 1 tbsp;
• Corn starch – 40 g;
• Coarse wheat flour – 40 g;
• Premium wheat flour – 160 g;
• Soda – 0.25 tsp;
• Refined sunflower oil– 30 ml.

The calorie content of biscuits prepared with water and fructose is 300 kcal. Sugar - 40 g or fructose must be dissolved in milk or water, then add 30 ml of refined oil. If milk and sugar are used in preparation, then the calorie content of the cookies will be 357 kcal. Next, premium and coarsely ground wheat flour is added to the resulting liquid. Everything is mixed well. Then corn starch and vanillin are poured into the semi-finished dough, and a quarter tsp is also quenched. soda lemon juice. The dough is thoroughly kneaded and left to rest for half an hour or an hour. The finished dough is rolled out into a thin layer, approximately 2 mm thick, and cut into any shape (circles, squares or stars). Each cookie is pierced several times with a fork and placed on a baking sheet, greased and sprinkled with flour or semolina. Prepare homemade biscuits, the calorie content of which is 40 kcal per piece, for 7-10 minutes in the oven preheated to 180°C. Ready-made cookies can be combined with hot chocolate, honey, any jam or jam.

Recipe for making oatmeal cookies at home

• Butter or margarine – 250 g;
• Sugar or fructose – 150 g;
• Egg – 2 pcs.;
• Finely ground oat flakes – 150 g;
• Vinegar – 1 tsp;
• Soda – 1 tsp;
• Wheat flour – 250 g.

The butter must be ground with sugar, after which it is added cereals and eggs. Flour and soda, slaked with vinegar or lemon juice, are added to the resulting well-mixed mixture (if desired, you can use baking powder). If desired, you can add prunes, dried apricots or chocolate chips to the dough, however, please note that the calorie content of the cookies will increase slightly in this case. The dough is kneaded for 5-7 minutes, after which it must be put in the refrigerator for an hour. During this time, the oatmeal in the dough will be saturated and slightly swollen.

Place baking parchment paper on a baking sheet, or grease it with butter and lightly sprinkle flour or semolina on top. The finished dough is divided into small pieces, from which you need to mold small cakes with your hands, which are laid out on a pre-prepared baking sheet.

Homemade oatmeal cookies, the calorie content of which is 400 kcal per 100 g, are baked for 15-20 minutes in an oven preheated to 180°C.

Homemade recipe, calorie content of shortbread cookies

For cooking oatmeal cookies, the calorie content of which is 60 kcal per piece, requires the following ingredients:

• Butter or margarine – 200 g;
• Sugar or fructose – 150 g;
• Sour cream 10-15% – 200 g;
• Egg – 1 pc.;
• Chopped walnuts – 250 g;
• Vinegar or lemon juice – 1 tsp;
• Soda – 0.5 tsp;
• Wheat flour - 3-4 cups.

One egg is mixed with sugar and added to the flour. Then butter and sour cream melted in a water bath are poured into the flour, the soda is quenched with vinegar or lemon juice. Everything is thoroughly mixed. The resulting dough must be left in the refrigerator for 20 minutes. It should not be very tight, otherwise the cookies will turn out hard. After this, the finished dough is rolled out to approximately 0.5 cm thick and cut into circles into small cookies, the calorie content of which per 100 g will be 370 kcal. The top of each cookie is sprinkled walnuts or powdered sugar and lightly moistened with water. The oven must be preheated to 180°C, and semi-finished cookies are laid out on a pre-prepared baking sheet (either greased and sprinkled with flour or semolina, or covered with baking paper). Shortbread cookies are baked for 20 minutes until golden brown. For cooking dietary option For oatmeal cookies, sugar must be replaced with fructose.