To sleep: beneficial properties of the herb and contraindications, methods of use for the treatment of diseases. Mowing grass: unusually useful properties

Among the wild medicinal plants, growing in forests, parks, fields and meadows, not very tall grasses with light umbrella-shaped flowers grow. They belong to the genus “Snyt”, family “Umbrella”.

The Greek name of the genus is Aegopadium. The genus has only 7 varieties.

People call its varieties “goat’s leg” (this is the nickname for the common goat), edible grass, angelica, yaglitsa, yaglitsa, swamp damselfish, rustle, snitka and snitya, delilnik.

The grass can be found in meadows, fields, parks and forests

Appearance

All varieties of dream have the following common characteristics:

• The stems of the tree are straight. They rise in height to a maximum of 1.5 meters. The stems themselves are green, smooth, and have empty tubes inside.
• Leaves. The lower leaves have long petioles, and the upper ones have short petioles. All petioles have 3 leaves. The leaves themselves are oblong-ovate in shape, with sawtooth edges and pointed towards the end.
• The inflorescences are thin rays that form umbels and umbels at the ends of the stems. There are 20-30 rays. Flowers from 10-20 pieces. The diameter of the umbrellas is 10-15 mm. Only the topmost inflorescence bears fruit, the lateral ones are barren.
• The flowers come in small white and light pink shades. Consist of 5 fragrant petals. There are five stamens and one pistil. Blooms at the end of June.
• The fruits are two-seeds of oblong shape, Brown. Flattened on both sides. They reach 3-4 mm in length. Ripen in August.
• The roots are long, horizontal, and have abundant buds, which facilitates rapid propagation of the grass.

It can be distinguished from other Umbelliferae by its leaves; they are not small, oblong in shape, jagged at the edges and with a sharp end.

Tiny flowers of the dream are very fragrant and come in white or light pink.

The roots of the grass are bunch-shaped, which is why the grass spreads so quickly

Where does it grow

Gooseberry is a perennial plant with pronounced eutrophic qualities.

Therefore it grows:

• Only on fertile lands with a high content of humus and minerals.
• On enriched fresh loam or sandstone with herbs such as oxalis, oxalis and fern.
• In the forests under the trees.
• As a weed in parks and garden areas, vegetable gardens.
• It grows primarily in full sun, but can survive in partial shade.

You can meet this genus of plants:

• In Europe: from Norway to Corsica and from the Netherlands to the Ural Mountains.
• In Asia: from Turkey and Transcaucasia to the countries of Central Asia.

Thus, gooseberry grows in almost all regions of Russia.

Forming large thickets, the Snot has spread almost everywhere

Method of making spices

The flowers are used as medical practice, and in cooking. For both the first and second applications, the raw materials are mainly leaves and trunks. But the underground part is also used.

To make spices from the aerial parts:

1. Flowers are cut off during flowering.
2. The collected raw materials are dried under the sun in an open room, then placed in an oven at a temperature of 25 to 30 °C.
3. Dried mushrooms should be stored in tightly sealed glass containers. Store for 1 to 2 years.

Dream flowers are used both in cooking and in medicine, prepare them in advance, after drying them

Sniti leaves and trunks are used for various purposes, but so that they are always at hand, fresh greens are dried and stored for 2 years

The peeled roots of the tree are dried only in dark rooms with good ventilation.

The underground part is collected after the cherry blossoms have faded:

1. The roots are dug up, shaken off soil and dirt, and washed under cool, clean water.
2. They are also dried in a draft, but when drying the roots, do not allow the roots to come into contact with direct sunlight.
3. After drying, the raw materials are collected and placed in wooden boxes or fabric bags.
4. In this form, they can be stored, like leaves and stems, for 1 to 2 years.

Peculiarities

In both cooking and medicine I use the entire plant

Nutritional value and calorie content

The calorie content in 100 grams of greens is 12.7 kcal.

• crude protein 10.5%,
• protein 7.9%,
• fat 3%,
• nitrogen-free extractives 48%,
• fiber 28.4%,
• ash 10.1%.

Chemical composition

The chemical content of the genus Aegopadium is represented by the following variety of elements:

The leaves contain:

• Varieties nitrogen compounds, for example choline, which is one of the main elements of metabolic processes;
• different kinds acids: citric and malic;
• flavonoids (quercetin and kaempferol);
• ascorbic acid or vitamin C (60–100 mg or more);
• mineral salts that help strengthen capillary walls;
• essential oil;
• chemical trace elements.

The underground part contains essential oil, many saponins, resin and starch.

Beneficial features

Sweat is a good laxative and analgesic, and is also indicated for the general health of the body.

Contraindications

• There are no sharp contraindications other than individual intolerance.
• However, pregnant and breastfeeding women should be careful.
• It is not recommended to drink long period time.
• Before starting use, you should consult with your doctor, especially if you are taking other medicinal herbs and medications.

Juice

Young leaves with petioles are suitable for making juice from honeydew. It is better to collect them while they are very young, almost transparent with a yellow-green tint. Juice can be made using a meat grinder or juicer.

If you use a meat grinder, then insert a large mesh, since a fine mesh does not allow fiber to pass through. Squeeze out the resulting green mass using clean gauze and the juice is ready. You can also strain it through cotton wool.

You can store this juice in the refrigerator for no more than 58 hours, and to extend the shelf life you can add 50 ml of vodka to half a liter of juice.

Sap juice is prepared only from young greens; such a drink will strengthen and improve the health of the body.

Drink 60-80 ml of juice 3-4 times a day before meals. Preferably within 15 minutes. If you drink it for the first time, after taking it, monitor your body’s reaction to avoid any adverse reactions. To enhance the effect and benefits, you can add a dessert spoon of honey to 1 glass of juice. The course of treatment with dream juice is 2-3 weeks.

Application

In cooking

In cooking, early shoots are used while the leaves are still light green. All parts of the plant are consumed: leaves with petioles, and stems with roots.

• From early shoots you can cook soup, okroshka, borscht and cabbage soup.
• For meat and fish dishes you can make side dishes and spices.
• You can cut fresh vegetable salad with mushrooms.
• The leaves can be pickled for winter, like cabbage. You can also make a puree out of them.
• The petioles of the dream can be pickled.
• If you put it between vegetables, it will give them its own flavor.
• The herb can be dried and added to dishes as a seasoning. This will enrich them with useful substances and also give them their aroma.

Let's look at some delicious recipes with a delilnik.

Vegetable salad

Boil 200 grams of potatoes and 40 grams of carrots. Cut into small slices. Grind 300 grams of sorrel with 80 grams of sorrel. Stir in vegetables. Add a little salt. Prepare a filling from 60 grams of vegetable oil, 60 grams of spicy tomato sauce. Pour the dressing over the salad.

Squash caviar

• Fry 80 grams of onion in vegetable oil in a frying pan.
• Cut 80 grams of carrots and 400 grams of honey leaves.
• Cook the mushrooms with carrots for about 40 to 50 minutes.
• After this, pass through a food processor or meat grinder, mix with onions and simmer for 5-10 minutes.
• Peel 400 grams of zucchini, cut it and add it to the carrots.
• Remove grains from 80 grams of pepper and boil for 3 minutes. Let cool, chop finely.
• Mix everything, adding 8 grams of mustard, 120 grams of three percent vinegar, hot pepper and salt.
• Serve the caviar to the table, sprinkling dill on top.

Fried cutlets

• To prepare the minced meat, skip 500 grams of honey, 100 grams of bread, 200 grams of potatoes.
• Break 2 chicken eggs, add salt and pepper.
• Finely chop the parsley and celery and add there.
• Make cutlets and bread them with flour or breadcrumbs.
• Melt some butter and fry the cutlets in it.
• You can serve sour cream with the cutlets.

Oatmeal and rice soup with sour cream

To prepare oatmeal or rice soup with cream, you need to melt 30 grams of butter and fry about 100 grams of oatmeal or rice in it. Boil 1.5 liters of water and transfer the fried cereal or rice there. Finely chop 600 grams of honey and add to cereal or rice. Add salt and pepper. Keep on fire for some time. Fry 75 grams of onion. Serve with sour cream and fried onions.

Mushroom soup with delilnik

Peel 300 grams of potatoes. Cut into cubes and boil in 2 liters of water. Wash and chop 200 grams of mushrooms. Stir in potatoes and cook for half an hour. Sprinkle salt and pepper to taste. Add 2 tablespoons of salted honey. Cook for another 5 minutes and turn off. Serve with butter and fried onions.

Watch the following video from the TV show "1000 and 1 Spice of Scheherazade". From it you will learn a lot about the plant.

In medicine

Snitch takes its rightful place among traditional methods and means of treating diseases. Since ancient times, it has been used as a panacea for various diseases.

Today the following are known medicinal qualities dream:

• It can treat gout and sore joints. To do this, you need to apply crushed leaves of honeydew to the sore spot. This action will relieve inflammation.
• For muscle inflammation, the rhizomes of the delilnik were used. Compresses were made from them to apply to problem areas.
• How antifungal agent They also used the underground part of the dream.
• In order to cleanse the body in the spring, you can drink juice squeezed from new shoots of edible grass.
• Sleeping improves the condition of the gastrointestinal tract and stops inflammatory processes.
• Normalizes salt metabolism, fights disorders of the urinary system and kidneys.
• The chlorophyll contained in the dream strengthens immune protection and removes toxic substances from the body.
• The abundance of pectin contained in it allows it to prevent slag formation and act as a laxative.
• She is warned against diseases such as hypovitaminosis, hypokalemia and iron deficiency anemia.
• Effective in the treatment of neurological disorders.
• Can reduce the risk of cancer.
• Promotes the disappearance of blood clots, reduces cholesterol levels in the blood.

Sleeping is good for gastrointestinal diseases, urinary system, at nervous disorders and many other ailments

For kidney and bladder diseases

If there are problems with these internal organs, make an infusion of dream. To do this, you will need 20-30 grams of crushed young seedlings. Brew with 250 ml of boiled water in a thermos. Cover the top and let it sit for one hour. If you don’t have a thermos, you can leave it in a regular wrapped container. Then filter and drink 60 ml four times a day.

Liver cleansing decoction

Pour two large spoons of chopped leaves and stems of the tree with one glass of boiled water. Use a water bath to boil and cook for 15-20 minutes. Cool, filter and bring the liquid to 250 ml. Drink 50 ml 5 times a day. To achieve better results, take this way for 2 months. The same decoction can be used in the treatment of rheumatism, gout and fungal diseases.

Treatment of joint diseases with compresses

Is easy but effective way treatment of joint diseases. To do this, you just need to wipe the dough until it turns into porridge. Make an application and apply it to the problem area. You can secure it with a bandage or by making a fabric bandage.

Infusion for diathesis and eczema

Brew 9 grams of dream in a glass of strong boiling water. Wrap up and keep in this condition for 2 hours. Then strain through cheesecloth or mesh. Drink 80 ml in one dose 3 times a day before eating.

Tincture for diseases of the digestive system

• Grind the roots of the tree and put them in a liter jar. Fill a little more than half the jar.
• Pour vodka or ethyl alcohol with water into a jar.
• To cover with a lid. Leave for 14 days in a dark place.
• Take 20-25 drops with water. Take 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals for the whole month.

An infusion of roots that helps with thrombophlebitis and reduces cholesterol in the blood

• Pour seven grams of dry, fine roots of the pine tree with one glass of hot water.
• Keep on low heat for 20 minutes.
• Cool and let sit for six hours.
• Strain and drink 3-4 times, 60-80 ml per day.

Tincture for healing gums and teeth

• Pour 20 grams of dream into one glass of boiling water.
• Keep it for a while.
• Strain and rinse your mouth thoroughly.

Therapeutic baths for myositis and polyarthritis

• Grind 40 g of goat's foot rhizomes.
• Pour one liter of boiling water.
• Boil for 10 minutes.
• Let it sit for half an hour.
• Strain through cheesecloth.
• Fill the bath with water at a temperature of 36-37 °C.
• Pour the infusion there.
• It is advisable to do such baths at night before bedtime.

When losing weight

Dryweed is a very useful plant for people who decide to lose weight. overweight. It improves metabolism, thanks to which it can become an assistant in losing weight. For this purpose, it should be added to salads, soups and other dishes. In winter, you can use dried herbs. With regular use, results can be seen within two weeks. Thanks to sleep, you can lose weight without radical measures, without exhausting yourself either with hunger or hard physical labor.

At home

• Sapling is a honey-bearing herb. 1 hectare of land brings up to 240 kg of honey.
• It is also a valuable forage plant, although animals do not like it very much for its specific aroma.
• Dyes are made from sap, which can be used to dye fabrics. Gives yellow and green color.

Snot - honey-bearing grass

Growing

Everyone has a two-pronged attitude towards sap: some praise it very much for its benefits and beauty, others hate it because it is very difficult to completely remove it from the garden. This is due to the fact that the moth reproduces easily and quickly. In addition, the plant is unpretentious and can survive in different conditions.

So, to plant a dream you need:

• Plant pieces of rhizome. To do this, you need to divide the roots of the tree into parts and dig them into the ground.
• In order to prevent it from growing throughout the garden, many advise planting it in plastic or iron containers with holes in the bottom. Or surround it with slate or a border.
• The main thing is to pick the flower umbrellas in time, which form seeds and fly throughout the entire territory.

The honeydew is bred by dividing the roots; it takes root well and multiplies quickly

How to get rid

Dryweed spreads by both seeds and roots. Due to the fact that there are about 6 thousand buds on the roots of the tree, which form shoots, it multiplies quickly and occupies the entire nearby territory. It can be found by chance in any garden. Those who specifically plant squash have no idea what kind of plant they have allowed into their garden. In order to get rid of dreams, which is not an easy task, you need to take a set of measures.

One of the most effective measures for removing borer is chemical solutions sprayed with a spray bottle. They need to be sprayed only if they are not nearby necessary plants. From the interfloral area, the fungus must be removed by applying the solution with a brush to the leaves of the fungus.

After the leaves turn yellow, the stems are removed. When destroying snot, the main rule is to remove it all throughout the entire territory.

The use of herbicides will be a more effective way to control borer

It is known that Prokhor Isidorovich Moshnin, one of the most revered Orthodox saints, who led the life of a hermit, treated this plant very well. He had been using snot for three years.

Due to its nutritional value and benefits, as well as the ability to reproduce quickly, the spruce tree was used during the Great Patriotic War. In 1942–1943, during the spring and summer, catering workers specially traveled outside the city to collect and prepare dyaglitsa for the winter.

According to some data, the life expectancy of the snotty bird is more than 50 years.

During the Great Patriotic War, gooseberry was widely used in public catering.

The variety of plants in the forest zone allows you to choose for your garden those flowers or herbs that will ideally suit the conditions of your site. As a rule, forest herbs and flowering plants are unpretentious, because in nature they are content with the shade of tall trees and are forced to survive, despite the bushes surrounding them on all sides. Check out the photos of forest flowers and their names below to choose the most suitable ones for your garden.

Perennial plants for a forest plot

Adiantum (ADIANTUM). Adintaceae family.

Basil filamentous(T. filamentosum) - low, 15-25 cm high, with a long rhizome, forms a thicket of soft green leaves, in an openwork inflorescence, grows in the shade.

Delaway's Basil (T. delavayi)– 100 cm high, magnificent large pink or red inflorescence.

Growing conditions. Sunny or semi-shaded places with loose, moist soils (except for V. small, which prefers dry soils).

Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring or before winter), dividing the bush (in spring or late summer). Capable of weeding. Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.

Black cohosh, black cohosh (CIMICIFUGA). Ranunculaceae family.

Tall grasses (up to 200 cm), blooming from late summer through autumn. About 20 species are known growing in the forests of the Far East and North America. The rhizome is dense, short, and forms a powerful root system. The leaves are large, trifoliate, rising high on a long petiole, tall peduncles, bearing clusters of numerous small white flowers. A slow-growing perennial that holds its place for up to 30-40 years.

Types and varieties:

Black cohosh branched (C. ramosa)- height 200 cm, variety “Atropurpurea”.

Black cohosh (C. dahurica)- height 200 cm, with branched racemose inflorescence, blooms in September-October.

Black cohosh (C. racemosa = C. cordifoia)- height 180 cm, blooms earlier than other species (in July), pale-white flowers in a racemose inflorescence.

Black cohosh simple(C. simpiex)- height 140 cm, blooms in September, flowers in a simple spike-shaped inflorescence.

Growing conditions. Shaded and semi-shaded areas with rich, well-drained, moderately moist soils.

Reproduction. Freshly collected seeds, sowing before winter. Seedlings bloom in the 3rd-5th year, but it is more reliable to propagate in the spring by dividing the bush. The divisions easily take root and live without transplantation for up to 30 years. Planting density - 3 pcs. per 1 m2.

Jeffersonia (JEFFERSONIA). Barberry family.

There are only two species in this genus, growing on opposite ends of the globe - one in the forests of eastern North America, the other in the forests of the Far East. These are low (25-35 cm) short-rhizomatous herbs that form rounded bushes from delicate basal rounded leaves and bloom in early spring. The flowers are solitary, 2-3 cm in diameter.

Types and varieties:

Jeffersonia bifolia (J. diphylla) from America has a leaf cut out at the top and white flowers; Jeffersonia dubia (J. dubia) from the Far East has rounded leaves and soft lilac flowers.

Growing conditions. In the shade, under the canopy of trees that cover the ground in autumn with fallen leaves; on loose forest soil, well drained.

Reproduction. Seed propagation is difficult, since the seeds germinate only in the 3rd year. Propagated by dividing the bush at the end of summer. Without dividing and replanting, they can grow for 20-25 years.

Planting density - 16 pcs. per 1 m2.

Cardiocrinum. Lily family.

The genus Cardiocrinum includes 3 species of large bulbous herbs growing on forest edges and in sparse forests East Asia. Peduncle 150-300 cm high with numerous flowers similar to lilies. These are the tallest plants of the lily family. They have shiny large heart-shaped leaves on petioles and numerous (up to 30 pieces per stem) white tubular fragrant flowers up to 15 cm long.

Types and varieties. Grows well in the temperate zone:

Cardiocrinum cordatum (C. cordatum), especially its shape "Glenna" (C. cordatum f. Glehnii), living in the light forests of Sakhalin, they have large flowers in a multi-flowered inflorescence.

Cardiocrinum gigantea (C. giganteum)- a plant of the Himalayas, needs strong shelter, often damaged by frost.

Growing conditions. Lightly shaded areas with moist, loose, rich soils under a canopy of broad-leaved trees (oak, linden, maple, apple).

Reproduction. Freshly collected seeds are sown before winter, they germinate in the spring, and seedlings bloom in the 7-10th year.

Lungwort (PULMONARIA). Borage family.

Perennial forest rhizomatous herbs (about 14 species) 20-40 cm high, with oval pubescent leaves in a basal rosette and tubular flowers of red-violet tones (change color after pollination) in a dense inflorescence-curl. They bloom in early spring. These forest herbs got their name because their flowers are rich in nectar; lungwort is one of the first spring honey plants.

Types and varieties:

Lungwort angustifolia(P. angustifolia)-, grows in pine forests on sandy soils in Europe.

Varieties of lungwort "Azurea" And "Smokey Blue"

Lungwort Filyarsky (P. filarszkyana)and red (P. rubra)- from the forests of the Carpathians, variety “Redstart”.

The softest lungwort (P. mollissima)- up to 40 cm high, dark blue flowers, from the forests of the Caucasus and Central Asia.

Dark lungwort (P. obscura)- lilac-pink flowers, from the forests of Central Europe.

Sugar lungwort (P. saccharata)- from the forests of Southern Europe, green leaves with large bluish spots, purple flowers, variety “Mrs. Moon."

Growing conditions. Shaded areas under the canopy of trees with loose forest soils, moderately moist. M. angustifolia grows well on sand, and M. sugar grows well on rocky sandy soils in good light.

Reproduction. By dividing the bush (at the end of summer). Planting density - 12 pcs. per 1 m2.

Cohosh (CAULOPHYLLUM). Barberry family.

Large (up to 120 cm high) herbs with a thickened short rhizome, straight stem (up to 100 cm high) and several beautiful, slightly bluish trifoliate leaves. The flowers are small, pale yellow, collected in a sparse panicle.

Pay attention to the photo of these forest herbs - they are especially beautiful in the fall, when their berry-like, bluish fruits ripen.

Types and varieties. This genus contains only two species:

Powerful cohosh (C. robustum)- a taiga plant in the south of the Ussuri region and the cohosh (C. thaLictroides) - a plant in the broad-leaved forests of eastern North America. They are very similar in appearance and in their environmental needs.

Growing conditions. Heavily shaded areas under a canopy of broadleaf trees. The soils are loose, forest, moderately moist. They overwinter well under litter.

Reproduction. Seed propagation is difficult, seeds germinate only in the 2-3rd year, and seedlings bloom in the 4th-5th year. Without transplantation or division, they can grow in one place for up to 30 years.

Reproduction is possible by dividing the bush at the end of summer. Planting density - 5 pcs. per 1 m2.

Disporum. Uvulariaceae (lily) family.

Forest perennial herbs (about 15 species), growing in the forests of East Asia and North America, with a horizontal creeping rhizome and stems branching at the apex into two branches, covered with ovate leaves and ending in an umbrella-shaped inflorescence of narrow bell-shaped white-greenish flowers. Decorative fruits.

Types and varieties:

The flora of our planet is extremely diverse and beautiful. A huge number of different life forms of plants gives not only aesthetic pleasure, but also brings very tangible practical benefits: they are a source of nutrition, decorative elements, and a supplier of food. medical supplies, a source of clean and fresh air filled with oxygen and so on.

Among all life forms of plants great place allocated specifically to herbs, both cultivated and wild. They occupy almost 50% of the total flora of the planet, so we will consider them.

Herbs: general characteristics

Most often, herbs include plants that have slightly modified shoots. That is, in the classical sense, a shoot should include a stem, leaves and a flower. So, not all structural parts may be observed in herbs. Often the stem is modified, the leaves acquire a shape and size that helps them adapt to environmental conditions as much as possible.

Flower like reproductive organ, of course, all herbs have. However, they are also very different in size, shape and color. This factor will depend on the pollination method of the particular plant species.

Wild herbs are a very large group, including representatives from almost all known families of angiosperms. The names of herbs are very diverse. There are both historically established “names” and scientific data on binary nomenclature(in Latin, the first name is genus, the second is species). For example, Leonurus heterophyllus, or motherwort.

The root system, shoot branching, flower and leaf structure - all these botanical characteristics will depend on the specific genus and species of plant, so it is impossible to identify any common morphological characteristics for all wild herbs.

Classification of herbs

It can be based on different signs, but most often the division of herbs into:

• Annuals - buttercups, cornflowers, ageratums, cinquefoils, daturas, poppies, chamomiles - the names of herbs in this group can be listed for a very long time, since they are numerous.
• Biennials - mallow, spurge, sweet clover, lupine, forget-me-not, bellflower, viola and others.
• Perennials - begonia, anemone, alyssum, St. John's wort, reed, iris, wood sorrel, oregano, elecampane and others. The names of herbs in this category reflect their purpose. Obviously, this includes many well-known medicinal species.

In addition to this classification, another one can be given. The basis is the area of ​​human use.

1. Medicinal herbs - celandine, string, thyme, chamomile, sage, calendula, burnet, lily of the valley and others.
2. Cultivated agricultural plants - vegetables, fruits,
3. - ginger, fennel, horseradish, anise, parsley, basil, lemon balm, vanilla, cinnamon, cardamom, nutmeg, saffron, laurel and so on.
4. Ornamental grasses - ornamental cabbage, bordered euphorbia, Daurian moonseed, young, bergenia, kochia, rogersia and many others.

According to the place of growth, all herbs can be divided into mountain, forest, meadow, swamp, desert, steppe and garden (weeds and cultivated plants).

Wild herbs in Russia

There are a lot of such representatives. Almost all wild herbs, names and photos of their representatives can be seen in any corresponding encyclopedia. Let's try to take a closer look at the diversity of Russian wild herbs.

More than 900 species are known only for medicinal purposes, and there are many others. Their distribution across climatic zones is uneven. It is known that most plants, including herbs, are located in the more southern, southeastern and eastern regions our country. The northern, northwestern and western regions are densely populated, but not so diverse in species composition.

So, we can cite as an example the region of Siberia (Western and Eastern Siberia, the Far East, all nearby areas, up to Chukotka). Here the most common wild herbs, the names of which are as follows:

• parfolia;
• Tribulus;
• dandelion;
• sorrel;
• shepherd's purse;
• primrose;
• viburnum;
• calliper;
• Highlander;
• bergenia;
• various sedges;
• feather grass;
• sagebrush;
• quinoa;
• celandine and many others.

Among those listed you can find both medicinal and conventional types. One thing they have in common is that they are representatives of flora living in the wild. Herbs are plants that are simply impossible to cover in one article. Too many of them. The European part of Russia is represented by a variety of beautiful flowering herbs that form entire carpets of different colors, making the wild nature unimaginably beautiful. Among them are the names of herbs such as lingonberry, common loosestrife, speedwell, common heather, Fischer's clove, forest geranium, and chickweed.

Due to good climatic conditions, the central zone of Russia is famous for its many medicinal species herbs, which also create a beautiful summer, spring and autumn landscape with their flowers. These are such as fragrant roses, lily of the valley, young shoots, oak grass, nightshade, blueberry, jasmine, hawkweed and others.

We will dwell on mountainous areas and their various herbs in more detail later.

Forest chin

A beautiful perennial plant with a bright pink corolla and a wonderful honey aroma that attracts pollinating insects from June until the autumn days of September. Many grazing animals choose this wild-growing beauty for food, since its roots, stems and leaves contain a lot of proteins and carbohydrates. Belongs to the Moth family (Bean family). Its main economic importance is as a perennial, it carries out annual soil drainage, participates in soil-forming processes, and is good for livestock feed. Medicinal value does not have.

Buttercup caustic

A very widespread plant classified as poisonous. It is found in almost all zones of Russia and is highly adaptable to environmental conditions. Includes several types of grass, the names and photos of which can be seen below.

Buttercup varieties:

• caustic (“night blindness” in common parlance);
• Kashubian;
• creeping;
• Spring chistyak;
• garden and others.

It is not suitable for grazing animals, since the shoots of the plant are poisonous. Once dried to hay, it is safe. It is not used in conventional medicine, but in alternative medicine it is very common as a remedy for rheumatism, open wounds, boils, tuberculosis and burns.

Mountain herbs

The most famous among these are, of course, Altai herbs. Great amount cosmetics, medicines, tinctures, balms, ointments are created based on extracts of these miraculous plants.

After all, the very air of this mountainous area seems to heal. Almost all plants grown on the rocky surfaces of Altai are medicinal. Animals that eat these herbs are the strongest and healthiest. People who use fees from these places for treatment have less chronic diseases than residents of other regions.

Some Altai herbs that have received national recognition and are most often used by humans:

• red brush (Rhodiola quadripalum);
• milk thistle;
• golden rod;
• hill solyanka;
• penny man;
• upland uterus (ortilia unilateral);
• Veronica black;
• White bloodroot;
• small basilisk;
• the rank is squat;
• burnet;
• common calendula;
• sweet clover;
• Umbrella hawkweed;
• marshmallow;
• Chokeberry;
• sandy immortelle and many others.

Balms that combine several herbal components are very common. They help with the most different problems: cleanse, soothe, tone, normalize blood pressure, restore sleep, relieve headaches and chronic fatigue And so on. Such wild mountain herbs, the names of which were given above, are very valuable objects of medicine.

Milk thistle

Another name for this Altai herb is milk thistle. Since ancient times, this plant has been revered as a very good medicinal assistant. Infusions from different parts herbs help against liver diseases, cleanse the intestines and eliminate inflammatory processes, relieve swelling and treat jaundice and many other ailments.

The plant itself sometimes reaches 1.5 m in height. The leaves are very beautiful, with a white border and a dissected edge. The flowers look like round cones, dark pink or purple. A very valuable property of milk thistle, which allows it to be used in both folk and traditional medicine, is complete absence side effects.

Its beautiful appearance allows it to be used not only as a medicinal plant, but also as an ornamental plant in many gardens and orchards.

Rhodiola quadripalum

In common parlance - an endemic plant of the Altai region. One of the most popular among these mountain herbs. Used in both folk and traditional medicine for treatment women's diseases pelvic organs, infertility, male prostatitis, inflammation. Helps stop bleeding, normalizes work of cardio-vascular system, helps in the treatment of various types of viral and bacterial diseases.

Externally very interesting, unusual herbs. The description is as follows: low plants growing on rocky surfaces, with narrow, closely spaced leaves. The flowers are inconspicuous and pale, but the leaflet-shaped fruits are very bright and red. The shape of the leaves resembles a brush, which is why this plant got its name.

The most common medicinal herbs

This group includes many representatives around the world. There is also a wide variety of them in Russia. After all, almost all plants (with the exception of highly poisonous ones) contain useful alkaloids, essential oils, resins, tannins, minerals and other components that allow them to be used as medicinal herbs. The names of the most common and famous representatives of this group, growing in our country, are as follows:

• pharmaceutical camomile;
• White bloodroot;
• coltsfoot;
• lemon balm;
• Umbrella wintergreen;
• hog uterus;
• common raspberry;
• large plantain;
• motherwort five-lobed;
• calamus;
• Golden root;
• fragrant collision;
• Red viburnum;
• calendula;
• Schisandra chinensis;
• common rose hip;
• Eleutherococcus senticosus;
• echinacea;
• series;
• celandine and many others.

Obviously, it is simply impossible to list all the plants, since they species diversity too big.

Aloe arborescens

Among household potted plants, agave, or aloe, is often used as a medicine. It is a succulent plant with thick, fleshy leaves topped with thorns. Aloe juice contains many (up to 200) different useful substances. They help treat open wounds, inflammation, bacterial and viral diseases.

The most common herbs

They have been used as medicines since ancient times, but most often as nutritional supplements, making dishes refined, original and very aromatic. Some titles herbs In Russia, we will summarize the article: horseradish, dill, parsley, celery, parsnips, black pepper, cardamom, peppermint, lemon balm, mustard and some others.

The grass is widespread in all regions of the country. It catches your eye every day, but often remains unidentified. We invite you to learn about what the herb looks like in order to be able to use this amazing medicinal plant in cooking and folk medicine. Many older people know about the benefits of sleeping, and today there is an opportunity for readers of this material to gain this knowledge. The article describes in detail where the pine tree grows and what it looks like: Thanks to the typical characteristics presented, it will now be possible to recognize the plant without much difficulty. But it is worth remembering that it is not enough to know where the grass grows; you also need to understand at what stage of maturity the plant is collected. Tips of this kind are also given on this page. Methods of use in food and as a medicinal plant are also given.

Dream leaves and their photos

This plant is familiar to everyone, but most simply do not know its name. By the way, in his dictionary, Dahl emphasizes that the plant is called “snit” (not “snit”), and gives the following explanation: “Just as the German botanists who worked for us wrote down the Russian names of plants by ear, so we accepted them, distorted, in all textbooks."

The Latin generic name for dream (Aegopodium podagraria) comes from the shape of the leaves of the dream, similar to the imprint of a goose's paw, and the species name indicates the medicinal use of the dream for gout.

Look at the leaves of the dream in the photo, where you can see their typical features and distinctive features:

Description of the grass

Common grass - Aegopodium podagraria L. – perennial herbaceous plant from the Umbelliferae family with a long creeping rhizome.

You can start describing the herb with the fact that its stem is bare, grooved, hollow inside, weakly branched, the height of the flowering plant is 50-100 cm. The lower leaves are on long petioles, twice trifoliate, their lobules are oblong-ovate, twice serrate along the edge, with sharp teeth. Pubescence on the leaves is only on the bottom. The upper leaves are on short petioles, smaller and less dissected.

The apical umbel is larger than the lateral ones, has 20–30 rays, without involucres or involucres at the base of the umbels. The flowers are small, white, with five almost heart-shaped petals. The fruits are oblong, 3–4 mm long. In forests and other heavily shady places, the pine tree may not bloom for years, proliferating wildly by rhizomes alone.

The sprouts of this plant are connected by a common rhizome and can easily be considered one plant; its minimum lifespan is about 50 years. This whole mass of plants blooms at the same time, the blooming pine tree seems like a white cloud descending to the ground. Shishkin loved to draw her. Two sketches depicting the dream are kept in the Russian Museum and the Tretyakov Gallery. Moreover, Tretyakov’s is called “Eating Grass”, reminding us that edible grass is edible.

There is a magnificent pencil drawing by Shishkin, in which a blooming warbler is adjacent to thistles. It belongs to the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. It is often found in the corners of other Shishkin paintings.

There is also a decorative tree, it has elegant striped leaves - white spots on a green background. Like a regular one, it forms dense thickets, reminiscent of a rug, but only variegated. For complete beauty, it is not allowed to bloom by cutting off all the inflorescences. Sometimes striped bushes can be found in thickets of common pine tree; it was this plant that once became the ancestor of the cultivated variety.

The gooseberry does not have a natural dormancy period, its autumn and winter dormancy is forced; under favorable conditions, the gooseberry can overwinter with green leaves, and in places with warm, snowless winters it grows all year round. It blooms in late June - July, bears fruit in August, and seeds germinate in May.

What does the plant look like: description and photo

Not all plants of oak forests are capable of growing as a continuous cover and, moreover, over a large area. Many of them grow as single specimens and are never found in masses. The common beetroot plant behaves completely differently: in an old oak forest you can sometimes see extensive dense thickets of this rather large herbaceous plant on the soil. The description of the plant can begin with the fact that its thickets are so dense that they completely cover the soil, leaving absolutely no free space. It is noteworthy that they consist only of the leaves of this plant. What the plant looks like is described in more detail later in the article - this information will help to accurately identify this medicinal herb in the forest.

Snoozing is one of forest plants, which is not limited in its distribution only to the forest. It often grows in open spaces, outside the forest, for example in gardens, orchards, etc. This plant in some places even acts as a weed, and, moreover, an annoying one that is difficult to eradicate. The aggressiveness and vitality of the squash is largely explained by the fact that it reproduces very vigorously vegetatively, using long thin rhizomes. Such rhizomes are capable of quickly growing in different directions and giving rise to numerous above-ground shoots and leaves. That's why the pine tree almost always grows in dense thickets. It quickly captures any free area and holds it for a long time, and, if possible, also expands it. The proposed photo and description of the plant makes it possible to study in detail the culture and methods of its use:

So, before us is an example of a plant that is very aggressive and capable of growing luxuriantly in the most different conditions- both in the dense shade of the forest and in a completely open place. Not many forest plants have this ability. And among them, probably, there are not at all those who, like the dream, would at the same time be malicious weeds.

The shape of the leaves of the dream is quite characteristic, they are easy to recognize: At the end of the long petiole, a leaf blade, strongly dissected into large segments, located in a horizontal plane, is attached. If you look closely at the leaf, it is not difficult to notice a certain regularity in its structure. The leaf petiole at the top branches into three separate thinner petioles, and each of them, in turn, branches again at the end in exactly the same way. Individual leaf segments are attached to these thin terminal branches - there are nine of them in total. Botanists call a leaf of this structure doubly trifoliate.

It should be noted, however, that the leaves of the dream do not always consist of nine separate leaves. Sometimes some of them, neighboring ones, grow together into one whole. And then total the leaves decrease - there are no longer nine of them, but only eight or seven.

Although the gooseberry is one of the typical forest plants and grows luxuriantly in the forest, it almost never blooms under the canopy of trees. The flowering of the plant can only be observed in an open place or in a sparse forest where there is a lot of light. Under these conditions, the honeydew appears to have a tall, rather powerful stem with several leaves, and characteristic inflorescences - complex umbrellas - develop at its top. The inflorescences consist of many very small white flowers and are somewhat reminiscent of carrot inflorescences in appearance. This similarity is natural, since the mushroom, like carrots, belongs to the Umbelliferae family.

Look at the photo of the plant, all the botanical characteristics are illustrated and the species are presented in different periods vegetative development:

Spreading.

Mowing is a plant of the temperate zone of Eurasia. The common goosefoot is found throughout Europe, throughout the Caucasus, in Western and Eastern Siberia. In Siberia, along with it, there is also the Alpine, smaller one, which enters the Far East (except Kamchatka) and Central Asia. Both types are similar in chemical composition and are used in the same way.

It grows in forests of various types, especially broad-leaved ones, on the edges, clearings, clearings, among bushes, along roads.

Usually, if this plant appears on the site, gardeners do not experience joy. This weed is not liked because it quickly occupies the entire area of ​​the vegetable garden or garden, in addition, it is very persistent.

Still, let's take a closer look at this plant. The main quality of this plant is its early appearance; delicate light green leaves appear from the soil already in April.

Benefits of the plant

The benefit of the plant may lie in the fact that this grass is an early and good honey plant.

The grass has a fresh smell, is rich in fiber, pectin and a whole complex of vitamins. That is, this is the earliest vitamin plant our homeland. It is known that Reverend Father Seraphim of Sarov ate mainly weed; this weed helps cleanse the body of toxins and is very nutritious. Tomato is one of the few herbs that contain such a rich complex of substances necessary for the human body and at the same time practically harmless to it.

It is believed that chemical composition This weed is close to that of our blood, and therefore a person can eat it for a considerable time without harming his own health. The medicinal raw material is the aerial part, that is, the grass, and the roots are also used. The grass is harvested during flowering, preferably in May - June, dried in the open air without direct access sun rays, and then dried in dryers at a temperature of no more than 30 °C. Store in a closed glass container for a year. The roots are harvested after the plant has flowered, washed with cold running water and dried in the shade under a canopy.

Herb: properties and use in food

A variety is the common "variegated" warbler (Aegopodium Podagraria "Variegata"). A cultivated form of a common weed plant common in the forests of Europe and Asia. The generic scientific name translates as “goat’s foot” and was given by Carl Lynaeus for the similarity of the paired lateral leaves of the compound leaf of the goat with the footprint of a goat.

People call it snitki, snitya, dedilnik, lamblitsa, shnit.

A perennial herbaceous plant up to 60 cm high with a long creeping rhizome. The leaves are pistachio-green with a white border (young leaves have a cream border) form a continuous decorative cover of variegated leaves reaching a height of 25–30 cm. The flowers are small, white, collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences. Blooms in June-July. The seeds ripen in July-August.

It is better to use very young leaves and shoots for food, while they are still yellowish-green and, as it were, “transparent”. Under different conditions, at this stage they can be different lengths. Dryweed, growing in shady places, produces greens suitable for food longer; its leaves are much larger and more tender. Before eating raw, the leaves are blanched in boiling water for 1–2 minutes, as their harsh fiber can cause bloating. This can be avoided by adding other herbs that have a carminative effect to the salad.

The use of the herb is due to the fact that it has a pleasant smell, and in the old days, herb dealers would add the herb to vegetables to give them a unique aroma.

Use for food: leaf petioles, as well as young leaves and succulent shoots can replace; They are fermented in barrels, storing them for future use. Its leaves, along with sorrel and cabbage, are used to prepare salads, cabbage soup, and sauces. For salads, young, not fully expanded leaves with petioles are collected before flowering. Remove the skin from the stems before cooking.

The properties of the herb are due to the fact that essential oil is found in the aerial part - up to 0.04%, especially in inflorescences - up to 0.14% (it contains limonene, β-phellandrene); steroids (β-sitosterol); nitrogen-containing compounds (choline), vitamin C – up to 100 mg per 100 g; flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol), microelements (iron - up to 16.6 mg per 100 g, copper, manganese and others).

Growing and caring for the plant

To grow the plant, the plant is placed in shady and semi-shady places. Grows well in any cultivated garden soil, especially fertile and moist soil.

Caring for the pine is simple: cutting out flower stalks, since they are not very beautiful, removing individuals with green, non-variegated leaves along with the roots. The most important thing is to prevent aggressive invasion of neighboring areas and crowding out other plants. To do this, it is necessary to limit the growth of the plant by annually digging up excess plants or growing them in underground containers made of tin or polyethylene with a perforated bottom. In addition to protecting surrounding plants, such measures also create conditions for the formation of more compact and dense clumps.

It is very easily propagated by cuttings of rhizomes, which can be divided and planted at a depth of 3–5 cm at almost any time from May to September.

The use of dream in folk medicine as a medicinal plant

Thanks to a large number seeds, as well as the abundance of buds on the rhizomes (up to 6000 on one plant), the borer multiplies quickly and is very difficult to eradicate, so it is considered to be a malicious weed. It’s a pity, because it’s not her fault, but our misfortune, that we haven’t learned to understand and use whining for our own good.

Snitching is not used in scientific medicine, and it is quite popular among the people. In folk medicine, the use of dreamweed is as follows: an infusion of the aerial part is used for diseases of the digestive tract, kidney and bladder diseases, respiratory tract, arthritis, as a detoxifying agent. As a medicinal plant, it is taken orally for various joint lesions, especially gout and rheumatism.

Useful properties of the plant

The beneficial properties of the plant are due to the fact that the leaves have anti-inflammatory, emollient, diuretic, and wound-healing effects; fresh leaves have an analgesic effect. Crushed leaves are applied to erysipelas, exudative diathesis, to sore spots with gout, rheumatism. In homeopathy, the aerial part is used for rheumatism and gout. Young leaves, collected before flowering, are eaten for the treatment and prevention of hypo- and avitaminosis (scurvy).

The juice of the herb and fresh crushed leaves are used externally for rubbing in rheumatism, for pain-relieving compresses for gout, various inflammatory processes, as a wound healing agent, and also as an analgesic for erysipelas and exudative diathesis.

Dreamweed rhizomes have antifungal effect. It removes excess salts from the body, which is why it is used for gout and salt deposits.

Procurement of raw materials.

The medicinal raw material is the aerial part, less often the roots. The grass is harvested during flowering. Dry in the open air and then in a dryer at a temperature of 25–30 °C. The roots of the plant are dug up after the end of the flowering period of the plant, washed in cold water and dried in the shade or under a canopy.

The dried aerial parts are stored in a closed glass container, and the roots in a wooden container. The shelf life of raw materials is 1 year.

See what the herb looks like in the video, which also shows ways of using it in cooking and folk medicine:

It is a mistake to believe that useful medicinal plants are found only in the wild. Of course, they are mainly collected in forests and meadows. But it is just as possible to grow medicinal herbs and on personal plots - it goes without saying, when creating conditions close to natural ones.

Below you can see the photo and description medicinal plants, and also find out what medicinal herbs are and how you can grow them in your garden.

Forest and meadow medicinal herbs

St. John's wort (HYPERICUM). St. John's wort family.

When talking about what medicinal herbs there are, St. John's wort is one of the first that comes to mind. It is a rhizomatous herb, but more often a subshrub and shrub. Another name for this medicinal herb is “Ivanovo grass”. It is due to the fact that St. John's wort begins to bloom on Midsummer's Day.

The leaves of this herbaceous medicinal plant are whole, hard, and in some species they overwinter; flowers solitary or in corymbose inflorescence, golden. Flower growers often use herbs or shrubs.

Kinds:

St. John's wort (H. ascyron)– forest medicinal herb of Siberia and the Far East, up to 100 cm high, lanceolate leaves up to 10 cm long.

St. John's wort calyx (H. calycinum)- plant 25 cm high, from the Eastern Mediterranean, leaves are oval, large.

Gebler's St. John's wort (H. gebleri)– a medicinal plant of the wet meadows of the Far East, bright orange flowers, resistant.

St. John's wort (H. olympicum)- dry forests of Southern Europe, height 50 cm, not stable in central Russia, leaves narrow-lanceolate, glaucous, height 25 cm.

St. John's wort (N. perforatum).

Growing conditions. The genus is very diverse in terms of the ecological needs of the species; it also includes typical plants of Central Russian meadows - h. perforated, and drought-resistant, heat-loving subshrubs of Southern Europe (W. cup-shaped, W. Olympic).

They are grown in sunny, wind-protected locations with well-drained alkaline soils. Drought resistant.

Reproduction. By dividing the bush (in spring and late summer) and cuttings. Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.

Melissa (MELISSA). Family Lamiaceae (Labiaceae).

Melissa officinalis (M. officinalis)- perennial of Southern Europe, forms a dense bush 40-60 cm high from branched dense stems covered with ovate leaves, jagged along the edges. The entire plant is softly pubescent. The flowers are small, white, in whorls. And if the description of this medicinal plant is unremarkable, then the aroma deserves the highest praise. The plant exudes a very pleasant lemon scent, which is why it is sometimes called lemon balm. The variety "Aurea" has leaves with yellow spots.

Growing conditions. Sunny and semi-shaded places with rich loose soils.

Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring) or dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.

Mint (MENTHA). Family Lamiaceae (Labiaceae).

(M. piperita)- a perennial from the countries of Southern Europe with a branched, hairy stem 60-80 cm high. The leaves are ovate, dark green; the shoot ends in a spike-shaped inflorescence with whorls of purple flowers. It grows quickly due to above-ground stolons.

Growing conditions. Light and semi-shaded places with loose fertile soils.

Reproduction. Sections of rooted stolons. Planting density - 12 pcs. per 1 m2.

Lovage (LEVISTICUM).

Lovage officinalis(L. officinaie)- decorative deciduous perennial with thick rhizome. The leaves are shiny, slightly bluish, pinnately dissected, large in the rosette and on the stem. The stem is branched, up to 150 cm high, bearing a large umbrella of yellowish flowers. The whole plant has a specific pleasant aroma, therefore it is also used as a flavoring agent.

Growing conditions. Sunny to semi-shaded locations with clayey, rich, moist soils.

Reproduction. By seeds (sowing before winter), dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density - 3 pcs. per 1 m2.

Soapwort (SAPONARIA). Clove family.

Perennials with creeping rhizomes, growing mainly in the Mediterranean. The flowers are fragrant, collected in a shield.

Kinds:

Soapwort officinalis(S. officinalis)- height 100 cm.

Soapwort basilicofolia (S. ocymoides)- height 10 cm.

Growing conditions. Sunny areas with well-drained, light, lime-rich soil. Planting density - 16 pcs. per 1 m2.

Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring), summer cuttings.

Briefly about medicinal plants of forests and meadows

Below you can find a description of the medicinal herbs comfrey, yarrow, echinacea and valerian.

Comfrey (SYMPHYTUM). Borage family.

Perennials with thick rhizomes, 30-100 cm high, from the light forests of Europe and the Caucasus. The stems are winged, thick, straight. Leaves are petiolate, lanceolate. Plants are covered with stiff hairs. Flowers in drooping inflorescences - curl.

Kinds:

Caucasian comfrey (S. caucasicum)- 80-100 cm high, forms a thicket, blue flowers.

Comfrey officinalis (S. officinale)- 50-60 cm high, forms bushes.

Comfrey grandiflora (S. grandiflorum)- low (30-40 cm) compact bushes.

Growing conditions. Shady and semi-shady places with moist peaty soils.

Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring), dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density - 12 pcs. per 1 m2.

Yarrow (ACHILLEA). Family Asteraceae (Asteraceae).

The genus contains about 100 species, found in the meadows of the temperate zone. It attracts attention with its undemanding culture, ability to grow quickly and beautiful gray-green, usually feathery leaves. Small baskets are collected in a corymbose inflorescence (10-20 cm in diameter).

Yarrow(A. millefolium)- with a long branching rhizome, therefore it forms a thicket 70-80 cm high.

Yarrow ptarmika, sneezing herb (A. ptarmica), has a variety with white double flowers - pearl mussel, height - 60 cm.

U "Perry's White" and "The Pearl"- white balls of the baskets are collected in a loose brush.

Yarrow meadowsweet (A. filipendulina)- dense bush, 60-100 cm high, dark green, pinnate leaves; the flowers are bright yellow in dense large corymbs (diameter up to 9 cm).

Yarrow tomentosa (A. tomentosa)- 15-20 cm high, leaves finely dissected, grayish, pressed to the ground, shield of yellow flowers 6-8 cm in diameter.

Growing conditions. Sunny places with any garden soil, grows well in sand.

Reproduction. By seeds (sowing before winter or spring), by dividing the bush (in spring and autumn). Planting density -5-9 pcs. per 1 m2.

Echinacea (ECHINACEA). Family Asteraceae (Asteraceae).

Perennial tall (up to 150 cm) herbs with a tap root and dense leafy stems, at the top in July-August with a large pinkish basket. The leaves are oval, pubescent, with sharp-toothed edges. Three species are native to the grasslands and prairies of southeastern North America.

Most often grown echinacea purpurea (E. purpurea) with a dark pink basket.

Echinacea angustifolia(E. angustifolia) has a smaller and lighter basket.

And Echinacea pallidum (E. pallida)- reed flowers are narrow, pale pink. The last two species are more dry-loving.

Growing conditions. Sunny locations with rich soils.

Reproduction. By seeds (sown in spring), seedlings bloom in the 2nd year. The division of the bush is carried out in the spring. In one place without dividing, Echinacea can grow for up to 15 years. Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.

Echinacea purpurea will decorate any flower garden, mixborder, and can also be grown as individual bushes on the lawn. Often used as a medicinal plant.

Valerian (VALERIANA). Valerian family.

Perennial rhizome herbs of meadows and light forests of the temperate zone of Eurasia. They grow both as individual bushes and thickets (species with underground stolons). The flowers are small, in a beautiful openwork inflorescence-tassel, the leaves are usually pinnate.

Kinds:

Mountain valerian(V. montana)- bush 40 cm high, pink flowers in bunches.

Valerian officinalis(V. officinalis)-height up to 100 cm, white flowers, pinnate leaves.

Valeriana Fori (V. fauriei)- forms thickets 40 cm high.

Valerian lipophylla(V. tiliifolia)- up to 150 cm high, leaves are large, simple, heart-shaped, flowers are white, in a corymbose inflorescence.

Growing conditions. Sunny and semi-shaded areas with moderately moist rich soils.

Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring and before winter), by dividing the bush (in spring), they are often weeded. Planting density -5 pcs. per 1 m2.

If we talk about this medicinal plant briefly, we can define it medicinal properties like sedatives. And in landscape design it is used to create a dense evergreen ground cover on tree trunks and spots on shady rockeries.

Description of the best medicinal herbs

(SALVIA). Family Lamiaceae (Labiaceae).

A large genus (almost 700 species), which includes plants of different life forms, growing all over the world. They all contain essential oils and grow in warm habitats. The leaves are ovate, the stems are branched, the final inflorescence is a raceme of medium-sized helmet-shaped flowers.

Kinds:

Sage sticky(S. glutinosa)- subshrub up to 100 cm high, from the forests of Southern Europe, pale yellow flowers.

Meadow sage(S. pratensis)- height 70-80 cm, blue flowers.

Sage rejected(S. patens)- height 70 cm, blue flowers.

Oak sage (S. nemorosa)- height 60 cm, purple flowers.

Salvia officinalis(S. officinalis)-height 50 cm.

Growing conditions. This is one of the best medicinal plants that prefers sunny areas (except for sticky sage) with fertile, well-drained soils.

Reproduction. By seeds (spring), dividing the bush (spring and late summer). Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.

Toothwort (DENTARIA). The cabbage (cruciferous) family.

Perennial herbs 15-20 cm high with a long, clear rhizome and dark green leaves, large pink and crimson flowers. Typical early spring forest ephemeroids, ending the growing season already in June. They are attractive because they form a bright pink flowering carpet in spring. They bear fruit. They form self-seeding.

Kinds:

Toothwort tuberiferous(D. bulbifera)- a plant of the Caucasus with fawn-colored flowers.

Glandular teeth (D. glandulosa)- from the Carpathians, with large crimson flowers.

Toothwort five-leaved (D. quinquefolia)- from the forests of Europe, pink flowers.

Growing conditions. Shaded areas under a canopy of trees with forest soils, moderate moisture.

Reproduction. Seeds (sow freshly collected) and sections of rhizomes (after the end of flowering). Planting density - 25 pcs. per 1 m2.

Initial letter (BETONICA). Family Lamiaceae (Labiaceae).

About 15 species growing in temperate meadows. Short-rhizomatous herbs that form decorative dense bushes of ovate rosettes, crenate along the edges of leaves.

Kinds:

Capital letter grandiflora - grandiflora chistema (B. macrantha = B. grandiflora = Stachys macranthus) 50-60 cm high, beautiful leaves and dark pink large flowers.

Medicinal initial letter (B. officinalis)- taller plant (80-90 cm), smaller flowers.

Growing conditions. Sunny places with fertile soils and moderate moisture.

Reproduction. By dividing the bush (spring and late summer) and seeds (sowing before winter). Seedlings bloom in the third year. Planting density - 12 pcs. per 1 m2.

Burnet (SANGUISORBA). Rosaceae family.

Short-rhizome perennials from wet meadows of the temperate zone of Eurasia.

Kinds:

Burnet (officinalis) (S. officinais)- 80-100 cm high, dark red flowers.

Gorgeous burnet (S. magnifica)- height 80-90 cm, large pinkish-crimson flowers.

Small burnet (S. minor)- height 40 cm, graceful inflorescences, red flowers, openwork plant.

Growing conditions. Sunny and semi-shaded areas with fertile, moist soils.

Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in autumn), dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density – 5 pcs. per 1 m2.

Perennial medicinal herbs with photos and descriptions

Below are photos and descriptions of the medicinal herbs elecampane, zopnik and cuff:

Elecampane (INULA). Family Asteraceae (Asteraceae).

Perennial herbaceous species (about 200), widely distributed in meadows and light forests in the temperate zone of Eurasia. The rhizomes are thick, powerful, and the root system is deep. The basal leaves are large, heart-shaped, oval, the stems are straight, slightly branched (except for elecampane), the flowers are large yellow “daisies”.

Kinds:

Elecampane magnificent(I. magnifica = I. orientalis)- up to 150 cm high, branched stem, basket -15 cm in diameter in sparse corymbs, spreading bush.

Elecampane tall (I. helenium)- stems are slightly branched, 150-200 cm high, elliptical leaves, baskets 6 cm in diameter, cylindrical bush.

Inula elecampane(I. ensifolia)- 30 cm high, narrow leaves, basket 4 cm, Compacta variety - 20 cm high.

Growing conditions. Sunny places with any garden soil and average moisture. Hardy perennials.

Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring), dividing the bush (in spring). Elecampane is a perennial medicinal herb that lives without transplantation or division for 8-10 years. Planting density of large plants - 3 pcs. per 1 m2; Elecampane sword-leaved - 12 pcs.

Zopnik (PHLOMIS). Lamiaceae family.

Perennial herbs (about 100 species) with a thick rhizome or tap root, rough leaves, flowers collected in false whorls forming a spike-shaped inflorescence.

Kinds:

Zopnik Roussell(P. russeliana)- 90 cm high, yellowish-pinkish flowers.

Zopnik tuberiferous (P. tuberosa)- 50-70 cm high, purple flowers.

Zopnik meadow (P. pratensis)- 50-70 cm high, pink flowers.

Cuff (ALCHEMILLA). Rosaceae family.

Pay attention to the photo of this medicinal herb - the cuff has a short rhizome and a rosette of round, often fluffy, bright green leaves forming a spherical bush. At the height of summer, loose openwork inflorescences of small yellow flowers rise above them. Flowering is abundant and long lasting.

Kinds:

Alpine cuff(A. aipina)- with trifoliate dense leaves and small inflorescences.

Red petiolate cuff (A. erythropoda)- with gray-green dense leaves, 30 cm high.

Soft cuff(A. moiiis)- the most beautiful, stable, undemanding cuff. Its leaves are round, fluffy, pale green with a wavy edge, up to 6 cm in diameter. Peduncles are numerous, up to 60-70 cm high.

Growing conditions. Sunny and semi-shaded areas with loose, fertile neutral soils and moderate moisture. Does not tolerate stagnant moisture.

Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring) and dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Easily tolerates division and transplantation. Planting density - 5 bushes per 1 m2.

One of the most colorful, consistently decorative and interesting plants in mixed flower beds. The cuff looks good in flower beds of the “natural garden” style and in mixborders together with cornflower, heuchera, cornflowers, coreopsis, etc. It is used to decorate bouquets, giving them lightness and delicacy.

Medicinal herbs and their cultivation

Thyme, thyme, Bogorodskaya grass(THYMUS). Family Lamiaceae (Labiaceae).

A large genus (about 400 species) of herbaceous perennials and subshrubs with recumbent or erect woody stems and straight, upward-pointing peduncles. They grow on rocks in the southern regions of Eurasia. The leaves are small, oval, opposite, leathery, usually overwintering. Due to recumbent, rooting shoots, plants quickly grow, forming low, dense “mats” and “pillows” (10-30 cm high), emitting a pleasant aroma. In mid-summer, numerous inflorescence heads of small flowers appear.

Kinds:

Lemon-scented thyme (Th. citriodorus).

Common thyme (T. vulgaris)- height 5-15 cm, leaves are pubescent on the underside.

creeping thyme (T. serpyllum)- leaves are larger than those of other species.

Growing conditions. Sunny locations with light, well-drained soil, neutral or alkaline. Grows on sands.

Reproduction. By dividing the bush (in spring and late summer), by seeds (sowing before winter), by cuttings (in spring). Planting density - 25 pcs. per 1 m2.

Used as a carpet plant in mixed flower beds, rockeries and on paths among tiles. Looks good in containers.

Hellebore (VERATRUM). Melanthiaceae (lily) family.

Tall (100-150 cm) herbaceous perennials growing in meadows and steppes of the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Powerful short rhizome and deep roots. The stems are straight, thick, and bear tough, folded along the veins, elliptical, beautiful leaves. The flowers are small, open, in a large paniculate inflorescence. All species are similar in appearance.

Kinds:

White hellebore (V. album)- flowers are whitish-greenish.

California hellebore(V. californicum)- flowers are white with green veins.

Black hellebore (V. nigrum)- flowers are blackish-brown.

Growing conditions. Sunny areas with rich soils are moisture-loving, but tolerate drought well.

Reproduction. By seeds (sown in spring), seedlings bloom in the 5th-6th year. By dividing the bush (in spring), the divisions grow slowly and often die. Planting density - 5 pcs. per 1 m2.

Chernogolovka (PRUNELLA). Family Lamiaceae (Labiaceae).

Perennials with creeping rhizomes, erect, low (25-40 cm) stems; leaves are entire, with an uneven edge; flowers in false whorls in a capitate inflorescence.

Kinds:

Chernogolovka grandiflora(P. grandiflora)- height 25 cm.

Webb's blackhead (P. x webbiana)- purple flowers.

Chernogolovka vulgare (P. vulgaris)- flowers are reddish.

Growing conditions. Sunny and slightly shaded areas with garden, moderately moist soils.

Reproduction. By dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density - 16 pcs. per 1 m2. Capable of forming a thicket and growing weeds.

Euphorbia (EUPHORBIA). Euphorbiaceae family.

A large genus - about 2000 species, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the globe, but there are also species in the temperate zone. Their height, leaf shape and type of root system are different, but they stand out for their original flowers.

Look at the photo of this medicinal plant: small flowers are collected in an inflorescence, surrounded by a common veil in the form of a glass (which appears to be a flower), and the “glasses” are collected in complex umbrella-shaped inflorescences with wrappers. In general, all this gives the impression of a “flying”, openwork yellowish inflorescence.

In sunny dry places - cypress spurge (E. cyparissias)- a low-growing (15-20 cm) plant of the steppes with narrow bluish leaves, densely located on lodging stems.

On sunny places with rich soils - Euphorbia multicolor(E. poiychroma), forming a tall bush (50-60 cm) of densely leafy woody shoots.

In the shadow - long-horned spurge (E. macroceras) with a high stem (up to 100 cm) and scaly spurge (E. squamosa) 20-30 cm high with a spherical through bush.

Growing conditions. Euphorbias can grow in a wide variety of conditions depending on the ecological characteristics of the species, but always in well-drained soils.

Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring) or dividing the bush (in spring and late summer).

They self-sow easily and are capable of weeding. Planting density - 5 pcs. per 1 m2.

Eryngium (ERYNGIUM). Celery (umbelliferous) family.

About 230 species are known, growing on almost all continents. But in cultivation, perennial herbs are more often grown with leathery, whole or dissected leaves, prickly along the edges. The flowers are small, blue, located in the axil of the bracts and collected in a capitate inflorescence surrounded by hard, spiny involucre leaves. Magnificent for their originality and exoticism. They bear fruit abundantly.

Kinds:

Alpine eryngium(E. alpinum) - 70 cm high, interesting wrapper of bluish, curved upward leaves.

Amethyst eryngium (E. amethystinum)- amethyst blue wrapper.

Burg's eryngium (E. bourgatii)- 30-40 cm high, leathery leaves with a white pattern.

Eryngium flatifolia (E. planum)- a plant of the steppes of Europe and Asia, the stems are bluish, the capitate inflorescences are small, bluish.

Growing conditions. Sunny areas with loose, poor, sandy or rocky soils.

Reproduction. By seeds (before winter) or by dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density - 5 pcs. per 1 m2.

Wormwood (ARTEMISIA). Family Asteraceae (Asteraceae).

Large genus (more than 250 species). Of the numerous species, subshrubs and perennials with fragrant silvery leaves, pubescent or tomentose, are mainly cultivated. The flowers are inexpressive and colorless, so it is better to cut off the peduncles.

Kinds. In central Russia the most decorative and stable are:

Wormwood Pursha (A. purchiana)- forms a cover of straight stems with silvery elongated whole leaves, responds well to constant pruning, can be planted in borders.

Steller's Wormwood (A. steiieriana)- a low plant with spatulate leaves, forming a dense spot; sometimes the leaves overwinter.

Wormwood Louis(A. iudoviciana)- with narrow, lanceolate leaves.

Wormwood Schmidt (A. schmidtiana), the “Nana” form is especially interesting, 15-20 cm high with rounded, heavily indented leaves.

Growing conditions. Wormwood is an undemanding plant that grows well in sunny places with any soil, and is especially good on well-drained sandy alkaline substrates.

Reproduction. By dividing the bush (in spring and late summer), by seeds (sowing in spring). Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.

Description of the best medicinal plants and their photos

In this chapter you can read the description of such medicinal herbs and plants as rhubarb, cat's foot, cyanosis, toadflax and mullein.

Rhubarb (RHEUM). Buckwheat family.

A powerful perennial with a multi-headed rhizome, from which large, round, five to seven-lobed light green leaves emerge on long, fleshy, ribbed reddish petioles.

At the end of spring, a powerful peduncle (up to 150 cm in height) rises above the rosette of leaves, bearing a large panicle of small whitish-fawn flowers. Grows in the meadows of Eurasia.

Kinds. In culture they often use:

Rhubarb palmate (Rh. palmatum) And R. Tangut (Rh. tanguticum) with more deeply dissected leaves.

Black Sea rhubarb (Rh. rhaponticum)-dense shiny leaves.

Growing conditions. Well-lit and semi-shaded areas with deep, fertile garden soils and normal moisture.

Reproduction. By seeds (sowing before winter) and dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density is single.

cat's paw, antennary (ANTENNARIA). Family Asteraceae (Asteraceae).

Low (5-10 cm) dioecious plants from pine forests of Europe and North America. The leaves are densely pubescent, white-tomentose, overwintering, collected in a rosette. They grow due to creeping shoots. Flower baskets are small, round, in a capitate inflorescence.

Kinds. Cat's paw dioecious (A. dioica) has the forms:

"Tomentosa"- more densely pubescent; "Rubra"- with red pink flowers; "Minima"- height 5 cm.

"Rosea"- with pink flowers; Antennaria sun-loving(A. aprica)- height 10-15 cm.

Growing conditions. Sunny areas with poor, slightly acidic, dry sandy soils. On ordinary garden soils it will quickly grow and lose its decorative properties.

Reproduction. By dividing a bush or a section of a creeping shoot (in spring or late summer). Plant densely - 36 pcs. per 1 m2.

On poor sandy soils it creates a low, slowly growing, but consistently decorative silvery ground cover.

Cyanosis (POLEMONIUM). Family of cyanaceae.

Cluster-rooted perennials, grow in light forests of the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Bushes from 25 to 50 cm tall, decorative leaves, wintering; the flowers are numerous, collected in a raceme-like inflorescence, blue.

Kinds:

Creeping cyanosis(P. reptans)- height 30 cm.

blue cyanosis (P. caeruleum)- height 60 cm.

Growing conditions. Sunlit or semi-shaded areas with normal garden soils. A very undemanding plant.

Reproduction. By seeds (sowing before winter), dividing the bush (in spring, late summer). Self-seeding possible. Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.

Toadflax (LINARIA). Norichnikov family.

Perennials from the Mediterranean with narrow leaves and two-lipped flowers with a spur in a racemose inflorescence. The plants are graceful, low (40-50 cm).

Kinds:

Dalmatian toadflax (L. daimatica)- yellow flowers.

Common toadflax (L. vuigaris)- yellow flowers.

Macedonian toadflax (L. macedonica)- pubescent plant, yellow flowers.

Purple toadflax (L. purpurea)- red flowers.

Growing conditions. Sunny areas with loose sandy dry soils.

Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring) and dividing the bush (in spring). Planting density - 20 pcs. per 1 m2.

Mullein (VERBASCUM). Norichnikov family.

Plants of open dry places of Europe and the Mediterranean. Biennials and perennials from 50 to 150 cm in height, basal leaves are large, on petioles; The stem is straight, with sessile, entire, pubescent leaves. The flowers are wheel-shaped, small, in a branched large inflorescence. A magnificent plant that provides flower garden architecture.

Kinds:

Hybrid mullein (V. x hybridum)- often grown as a two-year-old.

Olympic mullein (V. olympicum)- height 180-200 cm, leaves are very pubescent, flowers are yellow.

Purple mullein (V. phoeniceum)- height 100 cm, purple flowers in a sparse cluster.

Black mullein(V. nigrum)- height 120 cm, yellow flowers with a red center.

Growing conditions. Sunny areas with loose sandy soils. Drought resistant.

Reproduction. Seeds (in spring), seedlings bloom in the second year.