Strange animals created by nature and bred by man. How new breeds of animals appear What artificial varieties of animals are called

In the course of its development, humanity has constantly tried to tame wild animals, forcing them to serve people in one way or another. This is how human companions appeared - domestic animals. But if it is not possible to tame, modern scientists have come up with the idea of ​​breeding artificial varieties animals. It was and is being done according to various reasons, but the results of such experiments are quite interesting and worthy of attention. Here are some examples.

Artificial animal species

Hybrids of horse and donkey (mule), horse and donkey (hinnie) are known to many for their endurance and service to people. But for your attention: half zebra, half pony. No one has ever managed to tame a zebra, and there have been many attempts. Then scientists decided to breed the half-zebra. After crossing male zebras with female equine breeds (horses, ponies, donkeys), artificial varieties of animals were obtained. They received the names of zebroids: a male zebra and a horse - zors, a donkey and a female zebra - zonk, a zebra plus a pony - zoni. These hybrids will not exist, since they are sterile.

Mini camel (kama)

To get this breed, scientists also crossed the llama. These animals, by the way, are distant relatives, but their paths diverged millions of years ago. Scientists used artificial insemination, and in 1998, the first camel was born in Dubai - Rama. Then several more cubs saw the light. These artificial varieties of animals are as hardy as camels, but have faces like llamas and are much smaller in size compared to their humpback relatives.

Wolf dog

It took scientists almost a century to develop a domesticated wolf. In 1925, breeder Sarloos from Holland crossed a female wolf and a male German Shepherd. And then he devoted the rest of his life to puppies, crossing them with each other. The resulting animal is indistinguishable in appearance from a wolf, with a stubborn and very independent character. But a valuable characteristic of the Saarloos wolf-dog is that it recognizes humans as pack leaders. Therefore, their service qualities are irreplaceable.

Foxy sister

In the 50s last century, geneticist Dmitry Belyaev began domesticating the wild fox. Belyaev and his colleagues raised generations of domestic foxes by selecting the most obedient ones from each subsequent litter. The result is animals that are friendly to people, and their habits are very similar to those of dogs.

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I don’t know about you, but I was impressed by the blue Belgian cow from the previous article. And it turns out she’s not the only one: a specially bred cow. There are already more than a dozen animals created artificially by man.

Even ancient people tamed dogs to guard camps and help in hunting. Specific species that best suited people's needs were bred and domesticated. Further more.

Man began to selectively breed animals for transportation of heavy loads and for a source of food: milk production, meat and eggs.

But he didn’t stop there and took the next step.

Brought out artificial species with specially programmed qualities and unique shapes:

1. Longer or vice versa short limbs
2. With specified coat colors or completely transparent skin
3. Certain skin or completely bald

We could go on for a long time, so let’s look at some of the artificially bred animals separately.

Mosquito or mosquito

The well-known mosquito. Not even a mosquito, but a mosquito (what is the difference). A well-known British company (Oxitec) set out to create a mosquito with unusual programmed settings.

The task was to protect humanity from many dangerous diseases, which are transmitted by small bloodsuckers: from fever, malaria and others. It was solved by “installing” the mosquito on early death until they reach sexual maturity. From one mosquito to another, mosquitoes pass on deadly genes, which lead to the death of young male mosquitoes. So far, all experiments are under control and successful. Keyword- Bye.

But imagine for a second that the human factor intervened or a fundamental failure in mutation occurred. Mosquitoes that live forever are something out of a horror movie.

Millions of genetically modified mosquitoes will be released into the wild ecosystem. Risky technologies can lead to uncontrollable consequences. Aren't you scared yet?

Then about the fish.

Artificial salmon

You can eat it without harm to your health no more than once a month.

Do you like red fish? I am very. We buy and don’t think much about who and where it was grown, the main thing is that it’s fresh. But in vain. Now artificial breeding- this is everyday practice. Several wild populations of this have passed artificial selection and cultivation.

And the result: salmon is no longer a delicacy, but a familiar fish dinner.

There is currently no Atlantic wild salmon fishery. It's simply not profitable.

For more rapid growth and weight gain, canthaxanthin is added to salmon feed, and it destroys the iris of the eye and leads to vision problems in people. And to ensure that the fish do not get sick in the cramped conditions of the cage, antibiotics are used. Their remains may well remain in your dinner... That's genetics.

Transparent frogs

In Japan, scientists worked with the genes of amphibians and here you have transparent frogs. It looks, you see, not very attractive. But they say it’s all for the sake of science. In a transparent frog, all internal organs. Some people have a white heart and the blood flow is not visible through it. Such frogs different level transparency, no matter how strange it may sound. On what reasons this depends is still unknown.

Scientists believed that by observing them it is possible to study the stages of development cancer diseases and monitor the aging process. They may become the missing puzzle in upcoming scientific discoveries.

• Most known species breeding animals from one species with certain characteristics is selection.
• The intersection between related species in the animal kingdom is hybrids.
• A targeted change in genes and chromosome sequence is a mutation.

And now about cats.

About cats

Fluorescent cats

It is believed that the first cats were tamed and domesticated by people 8,000 years ago. All domestic cats are a subspecies of the African wild cat, Felis silvestris lybica.

Science has come up with the idea of ​​adding (in genes) luminescent pigments to the skin of cats. And as a result, we can be pleased with luminous furry pets. Almost like purring night lights.

Who is allergic to wool? Experiments with DNA have been carried out and a solution has already been found. Hypoallergenic pets. Just while stroking such a miracle of science, think about what if some other genes have undergone mutations. Maybe it’s safer to get an ordinary cat, Vaska, so he can sleep peacefully?

About mice

Human ear on the back of a mouse

Have you heard about the mouse ear? American scientists managed to grow structures inner ear on the back of the mouse. This foreshadowed a breakthrough in transplantation, but activists stood up in defense of animals.

Jay Vacanti and other microengineers did a tremendous job and the result surprised the whole world. With human ear on the back!

Whether these experiments continue or not is an open question.

You can watch the video about hairless chickens, goats that produce milk with cobwebs, hypoallergenic pets and a blue Belgian cow.

Video about animals created artificially by man

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So, animals or robots - which of them will rebel faster against annoying humanity? Trick question: Thanks to science, guessing is no longer necessary. Enterprising researchers from all over the world are creating artificial animals that may one day begin to rule the earth, sea, sky and people at the same time with their iron paw. And people have already created such animals; all that remains is to work a little on artificial intelligence.

1. Walking unit support system

Here, look at this. What are these - artificial cows? Semi-intelligent bulls?

These are semi-autonomous robots known as the Walking Unit Support System (LS3 for short). The roboticist walks alongside them and gives them commands, which they seem to obey. Bye.

Also known as DARPA Mules, these strange headless horse-like creatures are supposed to help soldiers carry things during combat, although they will also likely be used to transport machine guns and fire those machine guns at the enemy.

One LS3 is capable of carrying 180 kg or two or three people - you never know how many enemies it will catch. And by the way, he can find enemies very easily thanks to advanced voice recognition technology. Yes, the LS3 knows how to find a person just by sound.

If you think that the LS3 doesn't look menacing at all, but rather awkward and completely harmless, then you just haven't seen the robot in action yet. Look at the video: a guy is walking through the woods, and suddenly an LS3 appears in the frame on the right. You can hardly hear him - quiet sound The only noise is from the engine at speed and the hooves, which are also not very loud. Yes any normal person will be scared when he sees something like this in the forest where he went for a walk.

LS3 is a joint project between DARPA and Google-owned Boston Dynamics. Both companies are no strangers to robotics: among their creations is the Bigdog, designed specifically for military operations. Mechanical dogs, by the way, have recently been taught to grab concrete cinder blocks and other heavy objects and throw them at a target with deadly accuracy. So it's only a matter of time before the LS3 gets the hang of it and starts throwing cars at people.

2.Robobees

So now people have started making robot bees.

Of course the bees are playing vital role in the ecosystem, but they have always been quite dangerous. The fact that they are being replaced by robot bees does not change anything. Of course, now artificial bees are nothing more than conceptual models the size of a fingernail and do not work well yet. But we all know what science is: after someone creates a basic concept, other scientists quickly begin to create more and more new inventions on this basis.

In ten years, we will suddenly discover 30 million of these same robot bees around us, capable of shooting at people with huge stingers or even electricity. Moreover, the scientists working on the project say: “We have now learned how to create reliable prototypes, which allows us to conduct more aggressive tests to improve our robots.”

After such statements, it seems that it is only a matter of time before bees acquire collective intelligence. The reason why artificial bees are created is clear: real ones are gradually dying out. However, creating hordes of these insects and releasing them into the wild to pollinate flowers could lead to a scenario that would require Will Smith and a flamethrower.

3. The fastest ostrich in the world

The ostrich may look stupid, but we must not forget that this avian mini-tyrannosaurus is one of the most perfect death machines in the natural world: it is capable of tearing apart a lion with one blow.

You won't be able to outrun an ostrich, you won't be able to defeat an ostrich, and, of course, you won't even be able to kick it. You don’t even have a chance to hit him with a knife - by the time you take it out of your pocket, the ostrich will have time to kick you three times, and then also slash you with its huge claws, like the animals from Jurassic Park. In general, a person has no chance against a living bird, but science has decided to create a robotic ostrich.

Our friends at DARPA have launched THIS - a creepy robotic ostrich that can circle around you at great speed. But this is just the beginning: the ultimate goal is to create a robotic bird that will run at a speed of 80 km/h and carry a heavy load. He will also be able to run over rough terrain and even jump over obstacles.

Now the design does not seem to include giant knives or machine guns on the legs, but we are talking about a DARPA project. Once the robot is perfected, it will become the perfect war machine, and can only be kept safe by short-circuiting it or befriending a little boy - well, we've all seen those movies. The only thing he won't be able to do is fly.

Do you think no one will encroach on heaven? Of course.

4. Robot seagull “Festo SmartBird”

Yes, our sky in the future will be populated by metal seagulls like these - not crows or even falcons. Scientists do not consider humanity a worthy adversary, so they did not take any bird of prey as a prototype; even a seagull would be enough for us.

From afar, the robotic seagull will look like an ordinary bird, and it will move almost as smoothly as a living one - but not quite, a robot. Its wingspan will reach two meters, so up close it will scare you so much that when it starts pouring napalm on you, you won’t even be offended that some stupid... seagull killed you.

5. Bionic penguin

In movies and cartoons, the penguin seems like a clumsy creature, but in practice everything is a little different, because penguins swim perfectly.

Now look at this. It doesn't even look like a real animal, it's not a cute robot penguin - it's a killer torpedo with glowing eyes, created to kill other species that unwisely fall under its razor-sharp wings.

Also, the bionic penguin (as it is called) is equipped with a highly sensitive sonar, which it uses to navigate, search for objects under water and, of course, communicate with other bionic penguins. Yes, these creatures can cooperate.

Do you think you'll be safe on the shore? Be that as it may: on land, the robot transforms and gains the ability to fly, so you won’t get far from it. So what if real penguins can’t do this? It's time to improve nature.

And the bionic penguin has skin like the T-1000 model from “The Terminator”, and he looks like a ghost. By the way, it was also designed by Festo.

6. Hyper-realistic spider robot

What's this - exact copy live spider?

Yes, that's her. Also with hyper-realistic movements. What's more, this thing is relatively easy to make - most of the parts are 3D printed. This means that once this robot becomes sentient, all it will have to do is get a 3D printer and then bury the world under hordes of its fellows. Here, look how it moves.

There may be no reason to panic - it's just one crazy guy's idea. Yes, he sincerely believes that such a spider is a funny, cute toy.

And there is another spider, albeit a six-legged one, developed by a completely different person and equipped with various devices for, for example, orientation in space. Thus, there are two people in the world who can make spider robots with their own hands. Of course, this may not mean a trend, it may not mean anything at all, but...

Yes, people. It's time to pack your things and seriously think about colonizing other planets. The fact that we will now be creating arachnid monsters at home means that there is nothing left before the inscription “game over” on the screen.

Man has learned to tame unruly representatives of the fauna world, as well as to breed new breeds of animals.
We invite you to learn about five new amazing breeds bred by man.

1. Savannah.
The most expensive cat breed to date was bred in the 80s of the last century. The Savannah is a domestic version of the wild serval. This breed was not bred solely for scientific interest. The thing is that big wild cats are especially popular among the rich. To protect animals from the hands of these gentlemen, breeders developed an alternative - a cat that looks like a formidable predator, but is affectionate and gentle inside.

2. Domestic fox.
The Soviet geneticist Dmitry Belyaev first began breeding domestic foxes in the 50s. The basis was silver-black foxes. The geneticist and his assistants raised several generations of animals, from which they carefully selected the smartest and most obedient. Selected individuals were crossed with each other. As a result, a special friendly species of fox was obtained, with habits reminiscent of a dog.

3. Half-zebra, half-pony/horse/donkey.
Man has not yet managed to tame the cute zebras, but in principle there is no such need: these horses are not particularly hardy, and they have a lousy character. But still, scientists decided to domesticate, even if not a zebra, but at least a half-zebra. As a result of crossing male zebras with females of other equines (ponies, horses, donkeys), many other species called zebroids were obtained. Crossing a zebra and a horse produces a zorse, a zebra and a donkey a zonk, and a zebra and a pony a zoni.

4. Kama.
This animal was created by crossing a male dromedary camel and a female llama. The first Kama was born in 1998 in Dubai. Scientists nicknamed the newly hatched baby Rama. This was followed by the birth of three more cama cubs - Kamila, Jamil and Rocky. Kams are different short ears And long tail, like a camel, and cloven hooves, like its mother. By the way, the hump is missing.

5. wolf dog Sarloos.
In 1925, Dutch breeder Lander Saarloos crossed a female Russian wolf and a male German shepherd. After that, he began to select the strongest and hardiest dog-wolf puppies, crossing them with each other. After Sarlos died in 1969, his experiments were continued by his wife and daughter. As a result, an animal was bred, the size and appearance no different from a wolf. A strong, intelligent, hardy, stubborn dog-wolf willingly recognizes a person as the leader of the pack.

There are many stories about incredible mysterious creatures, and those who like to draw in Photoshop are creating more and more animals that have nothing to do with reality. But there is not an ounce of Photoshop in this collection., all these animals really exist. Most of them are bred by humans, and some are unique and the only ones in the world. Amazing sight!

1. Liger - a hybrid of a lion and a tiger

A liger is born of a tigress from a male lion. It is known that currently liger exists only in captivity, bred artificially. The photo shows a huge liger Hercules, weighing 410 kilograms. And this is not the largest specimen: in 1973, a liger weighing 798 kilograms was recorded. Such a hybrid does not occur in nature, because felines such as the lion and the tiger, as a rule, live in different latitudes.

2. Tigrolev - a hybrid of a tiger and a lion

Tigger Lion was born by a lioness from a male tiger. It differs significantly in appearance from the liger and is also bred artificially. Tigers are much smaller than ligers and weigh on average 150 kilograms.

3. Zebroid – a hybrid of a zebra and a donkey

Zebroids are produced artificially. To breed this species, male zebras and female donkeys or other equines are used. Today there are officially 4 zebroids in the world.

4. Yaglev, yaglion or yaglonn – a hybrid of a jaguar and a lion

A very rare combination. These yagls are born of a lioness from a black jaguar. Male yagles have a short mane. In these photos there are two different cats named Tsunami and Jazara, bred in Canada.

5. Grolar – a hybrid of a polar bear and a grizzly bear

If you cross an Alaskan polar bear with a grizzly bear, they can produce fertile offspring. Such hybrids are bred not only in captivity; cases of encountering grolar in the wild have been recorded.

6. Coywolf - a hybrid of a coyote and a wolf

The coywolf adopts the habits of both wolves and coyotes. In appearance it looks like a large coyote or red wolf. Interbreeding between coyotes can occur with any North American wolf species. This may be why coyotes are often difficult to distinguish from wolves.

7. Zedonk or zonk – a hybrid of a zebra and a donkey

This is a variation of the above zebroid.

8. Savannah - a hybrid of a domestic cat and an African serval

Representatives of this cat breed were artificially bred in the USA back in the 80s of the last century. Breeders tried to create a large cat with highly developed intelligence. As a result, the savannah weighs 15 kg and by 3 years reaches 60 cm in length. It differs from others in some dog habits, for example, genuine devotion to the owner, wagging its tail and lack of fear of water.

9. Wolfin or killer whale - a hybrid of a small black killer whale and a dolphin of the genus Bottlenose dolphin

The black dolphin was bred in captivity by accidentally crossing a killer whale and a dolphin. From official sources, only one individual of this hybrid is currently known to exist.

10. Beefalo - a hydride of domestic cow and wild American bison

The purpose of creating beefalo was the desire to breed a type of cow that, like a bison, can live without shelter and even in winter get food from under the snow, while gaining impressive weight. The breeders succeeded, although the beefalo population has decreased significantly today.

11. Hinny – a hybrid of a horse and a donkey

A hinny is born of a donkey from a stallion. If you don't take into account the ears, a hinny is not much different from a donkey. It is smaller in size than a mule and less hardy. That is why few people have heard about hinnies.

12. Narluha - a hybrid of a narwhal and a beluga whale

This hybrid is very rare and little is known about it.

13. Kama or camelama - a hybrid of a camel and a llama

Kama is an artificially bred hybrid of a female llama and a male dromedary camel. The breed was bred in 1998 in Dubai with the goal of creating an animal with the endurance of a camel and rich hair like a llama. These animals are not found in nature.

14. Dzo – a hybrid of a cow and a wild yak

Bred in Mongolia and Tibet, they are prized for their meat and large quantity the milk they give. They are larger than cows and yaks.

15. Leopon - a hybrid of a leopard and a lion

Leopon was born to a lioness from a male leopard. This is one of the most beautiful animals ever created in captivity.

16. Mulard - a hybrid of mallard and musky duck

This interspecific hybrid, which is obtained by crossing Muscovy duck drakes with a domestic Peking white duck. Female mulardas do not produce offspring.

17. Zubron – a hybrid of a cow and a bison

This hybrid is obtained by crossing a male European bison and an ordinary domestic cow. Zubron - strong and disease-resistant cattle. A small herd of bison exists in a Polish national park.

18. Bazzle - a hybrid of a ram and a goat

These animals were first accidentally crossed in 2000, this happened in Botswana. Goats and rams were simply kept together.