What medications are there for a concussion? List of necessary medications for concussions in adults. Description and cost of drugs

According to statistical studies, concussion is one of the leading diagnoses for head injury in both older people and children. Doctors believe that the most dangerous thing in this situation is not the damage itself, but the consequences that appear after it. Therefore, it is recommended to take responsibility for your health and, if your health worsens, immediately contact a specialist.

To help a person before doctors arrive, you need to do the following:

1. Place the injured person on a horizontal surface with a rigid base.
2. Turn your face as close to the ground as possible to avoid tongue retraction or vomit or other bodily fluids entering the respiratory system.
3. Excluding spinal fractures and lower limbs, it is necessary to lay the victim on his side, bending right leg 90 degrees and placing your hand under your head.
4. If an open head injury is detected, it must be treated with an antiseptic, and the edges additionally lubricated with iodine.

It must be remembered that to help a victim with a suspected concussion without being medical worker, you can only in order to alleviate his condition. It is forbidden to give the patient any medications until the ambulance arrives. Only after a thorough diagnosis can a neurologist prescribe correct course treatment.

Medical indications

Before choosing a treatment method, it is important to analyze the causes of concussion. This may happen due to:

• domestic injury;
• accident.

Particularly serious consequences of such damage often manifest themselves in older people in the form of:

Since the brain is made entirely of soft tissue, abrupt change head position or impact can negatively affect its structure. In this case, there is a risk of hematoma formation due to rupture of blood vessels, which leads to a deterioration in cerebral blood supply.

This condition is characterized by the following symptoms:

• cephalgia;
• dizziness;
• nausea;
• impaired coordination of movements;
• blurred vision.

If, after an accident or domestic injury, a person experiences the above-described signs, it is necessary to urgently contact a neurologist or traumatologist. To make an accurate diagnosis, the doctor must prescribe tests, including:

• computed tomography;
• radiography;
• magnetic resonance imaging;
• electroencephalography.

Drug treatment

The main thing in the treatment of concussion is the absence of aggressive medicines. As a rule, treatment is aimed at normalizing the functioning of the main organ of the central nervous system, relieving headaches, improving sleep, getting rid of dizziness, anxiety and other possible pathological conditions.

Most often, analgesics, sleeping pills and sedatives are prescribed in the form of tablets, less often - intramuscular injections.

Often, analgesic medications are selected by a doctor according to individually. Nevertheless, you can get rid of unpleasant sensations in the head area yourself with the help of:

• "Analgina";
• "Sedalgina";
• "Pentalgina";
• "Baralgina";
• "Maxigana".

The following medications may be prescribed to relieve dizziness:

• "Tanakan";
• "Betaserk";
• "Bellaspon";
• "Microzer";
• "Belloid";
• "Platifillin";
• "Papaverine".

Among sedatives note:

If anxiety develops into constant anxiety, the doctor may prescribe tranquilizers:

• "Phenazepam";
• "Sibazon";
• "Nozepam";
• "Rudotel";
• "Elenium".

Additional measures for recovery after injury

A speedy recovery is facilitated by taking multivitamins and tonics, such as Eleutherococcus or ginseng root.

It is also important to take additional therapeutic measures aimed at normalizing vascular and metabolic disorders. This helps speed up the process of restoring brain activity and prevent possible development post-concussion syndrome.

Effective medications are neurometabolic stimulants (Aminalon, Picamilon, Encephabol, Nootropil) and vasotropics (Stugeron, Cavinton, Sermion, Teonicol). But doctors also often prescribe the drug Gliatilin. IN various options treatment can be prescribed "Cavinton" 1 tablet. (5 mg) three times a day and “Nootropil” 2 capsules (0.7 mg) once a day or one tablet of “Stugeron” (25 mg) and “Encephabol” (0.1 mg). The duration of treatment is 1-2 months.

To eliminate asthenic syndrome, the following medications may be prescribed: “Cogitum” 20 mg once a day, “Pantogam” 0.5 mg three times a day, “Vasobral” 2 ml twice a day and a choice of one of the multivitamin preparations, such as “ Unicap-T", "Centrum" and "Vitrum", once a day.

When receiving a traumatic brain injury, older people must supplement their treatment with anti-sclerosis drugs. In addition, it is important to pay due attention to the prevention of other diseases that may develop as a result of a concussion.

If the patient has epileptic seizures, you may need to take anticonvulsants.

To prevent possible dangerous consequences, it is necessary to periodically visit a doctor within a year after treatment.

Rehabilitation

To enhance the effect of medications and eliminate possible complications During the post-traumatic period, the patient must follow the following recommendations:

If prescribed therapy is ignored and the post-traumatic regimen is not followed, the risk of such dangerous consequences, such as asthenia, emotional-behavioral and cognitive disorders, vegetative-vascular dystonia. People who drink alcohol excessively may develop epilepsy.

A concussion occurs as a result of traumatic brain injury due to a blow, fall, accident or other causes. Although it is considered a mild form of brain damage, it can be dangerous and insidious, with numerous complications even years later. To alleviate the condition of the injured person, anti-concussion pills should be used to treat the patient immediately after the accident and subsequently.

Manifestations of a concussion can be obvious and hidden, weak. In case of severe injury, the victim:

• loses consciousness and coordination;
• cannot move due to dizziness;
• feels nauseated to the point of profuse vomiting;
• complains of a painful headache and blurred vision.

Severely ill patients develop amnesia after a concussion, they do not remember their name, address and cannot talk about the events preceding the accident or injury. Pain syndromes intensified against the background of loud conversations of others, in bright light, attempts to move, lack of sleep.

Patients often have a serious hematoma, rupture blood vessels, lack of normal blood supply. If the bones of the base and vault of the skull are damaged to the point of fracture, the condition is aggravated by possible subarachnoid hemorrhage, as blood accumulates under the arachnoid mater.

Concussions with minor injuries are characterized by:

• excessive sweating the victim;
• rapid heartbeat (tachycardia with heart rate > 80 beats/min or bradycardia - heart rate slowing down to 60 beats/min);
• accelerated breathing - tachypnea (more than 20 respiratory movements per minute) in compliance with the breathing rhythm;
• noise in ears, headache;
• increase in blood pressure.

The substance of the brain, its membranes and soft fabrics even with seemingly minor injuries. They occur especially often in young children, since they do not yet have the fear of falling, and their motor skills are imperfect. Falls among older people and children lead to changes in the structure of the brain, and this is fraught with Alzheimer's disease, dementia, mental disorders, irritation of the membranes, paresis of the limbs, and disturbances in the movement of the pupils and eyeball. In victims, speech and sensitivity are upset, the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid increases, and the substance of the brain is compressed.

Small child cannot yet describe his symptoms, so parents should worry if:

• loss of consciousness;
• refusal to eat;
• constant crying;
• sudden temperature changes;
• frequent vomiting;
• manifestations of nystagmus eyeballs(twitching).

Diagnostics

Signs pointing to concussion, can manifest themselves up to 20–35 days. When diagnosing, they are taken into account and supplemented with CT, MRI, ultrasound, electroencephalogram, and radiography studies.

To assess the severity of the acute period, three indicators are important:

1. State of consciousness.
2. Vital functions.
3. Focal neurological symptoms.

Changes in severity and disturbances of consciousness on the very first day are recorded every 2 hours.

Treatment of concussion

Important. Emergency treatment for head trauma and suspected concussion consists of providing the patient with the necessary rest, applying an ice pack to the head or cool lotions. If there is no excessive vomiting, painkillers are given.

The physical activity of the patient, especially a child or an elderly person, is limited for 3 to 10 days. The victim is given medication for concussion, pain in the head and area of ​​injury, sleeping pills, anti-inflammatory drugs. high pressure.

Severe and complex injuries require constant monitoring of intracranial pressure.

If it increases, dehydration therapy is used, e.g. osmotic means: “Mannitol” or urea, and as a diuretic – “Lasix”. If the pressure decreases, adequate infusion therapy by introducing isotonic solution sodium chloride and glucose.

If the skull is compressed, emergency trepanation is performed, since if it is delayed surgical treatment Irreversible brain damage may occur. Open wound on the skull requires immediate treatment with available surgical methods and conducting resuscitation measures to maintain the functional activity of the brain, important for human life.

What should you drink first if you have a concussion? It all depends on the degree of pathology and its symptoms. If the symptoms are clearly noticeable within 15–20 minutes without loss of consciousness, then it is diagnosed mild degree. The doctor may prescribe bed rest for up to 3 days, painkillers, analgesics, sleeping pills and diuretics for high blood pressure. Sometimes treatment is not prescribed, but an examination is carried out and rest in silence is recommended.

Moderate degree is diagnosed with symptoms of disorientation for 20 minutes after trauma to the skull, but without impairment of consciousness. Except bed rest, applying cold, treatment is carried out:

• diuretics for concussions: “Diacarb”, “Furosemide” - simultaneously with calcium-containing drugs, such as “Panangin” or “Asparkam”, to prevent swelling gray matter brain;
• sedatives: “Corvalol”, “Valocordin”, “Nozepam”, “Phenazepam”, “Elenium”, tincture of motherwort or valerian;
• antihistamines: “Diazolin”, “Suprastin”, “Diphenhydramine”, at night - “Phenobarbital” or “Reladorm”;
• for headaches - “Sedalgin”, “Baralgin”, “Pentalgin”, “Analgin”, “Maxigan”;
• for dizziness - “Platifillin” together with “Papaverine”, “Belloid”, “Tanakan”, “Betaserc”, “Bellaspon” or “Mikroser”;
• to stimulate metabolic processes - vascular: "Sermion", "Stugeron", "Cavinton" - and nootropic drugs: "Aminalon", "Nootropil" or "Picamilon" (for 3-4 days).

What tablets and drops should be taken for a severe concussion? Serious condition diagnosed if consciousness is impaired, there are long-term pathological symptoms, and amnesia. Prescribe the same medications as for the condition medium degree. A course of sleeping pills is added and sedatives(in tablets – valerian, in the form of drops – “Corvalol”, “Valocordin”, motherwort tincture). Treatment is also carried out with tranquilizers (Sibazon). For dizziness, take Belloid and Betaserc tablets. In difficult cases, head wounds are treated and vitamin and oxygen therapy is carried out.

Restoring brain function

To prevent the development epileptic seizures and restore the functions of the brain as soon as possible, treatment is carried out with Aminalon or Encephabol in combination with vasotropic drugs: Sermion or Cavinton.

In case of an injured skull and severe concussion, treatment is carried out according to the following scheme over a course of 1 - 2 months:

• "Cavinton";
• "Nootropil" or "Stugeron";
• "Encephabolome".

To eliminate asthenic syndromes, take the following tablets: “Vasobral”, “Pantogam”, “Cogitum”. They increase tone with tinctures of eleutherococcus, lemongrass fruit, and ginseng root.

Important. Elderly people need to take anti-sclerotic tablets when they have a concussion. If epileptic seizures have never been observed and there are no convulsive manifestations, anticonvulsant therapy is not administered to such patients.

Antioxidants, preparations containing trace elements and B vitamins are added to the treatment of severe concussions. folic acid and phosphorus.

To warn possible deviations in the state of the brain and psyche, after therapy the patient needs to visit a neurologist for examination 1 - 2 times every six months, then 1 - 2 times a year. It must be remembered that when untimely treatment or if bed rest is not observed or the pills are discontinued on your own, post-commotion syndrome may develop even after 6 months or 1 to 3 years.

A concussion is one of the milder forms of traumatic brain injury that damages the blood vessels of the brain. All disorders of brain activity are dangerous and require increased attention and treatment.

A concussion occurs only when there is an aggressive mechanical impact on the head - for example, this can happen when a person falls and hits his head on the floor. Doctors still cannot give precise definition mechanism for the development of concussion symptoms, because even with a computed tomography scan, doctors do not see any pathological changes in the tissues and cortex of the organ.

It is important to remember that concussion treatment is not recommended at home. First of all, you need to contact medical institution see a specialist and only after a reliable diagnosis of the injuries and their severity can treatment methods be used at home, in consultation with the doctor.

What it is?

Concussion is damage to the bones of the skull or soft tissues, such as brain tissue, blood vessels, nerves, meninges. An accident can happen to a person in which he can hit his head on a hard surface, this is precisely what entails such a thing as a concussion. In this case, some disturbances in brain function occur that do not lead to irreversible consequences.

As already mentioned, a concussion can be caused by a fall, a blow to the head or neck, or a sudden slowdown in head movement in the following situations:

• at home;
• in production;
• in a children's group;
• when practicing in sports sections;
• in case of traffic accidents;
• in domestic conflicts with assault;
• in military conflicts;
• with barotrauma;
• for injuries with rotation (turning) of the head.

As a result of a head injury, the brain is a short time changes its location and almost immediately returns to it. At the same time, the mechanism of inertia and the peculiarities of fixation of brain structures in the cranium come into force - without keeping up with sudden movement, some of the nerve processes can stretch and lose connection with other cells.

The pressure changes in different parts skull, blood supply, and therefore nutrition, may be temporarily disrupted nerve cells. An important fact with a concussion is that all changes are reversible. There are no ruptures, hemorrhages, or swelling.

Signs

Most characteristic features concussions are:

• confusion, lethargy;
• headache, dizziness, ;
• incoherent, sluggish speech;
• nausea or vomiting;
• impaired coordination of movements;
• diplopia (double vision);
• inability to concentrate;
• fear of light and sound;
• memory loss.

Concussions have three degrees of severity, from the mildest first to the most severe third. We will look at what symptoms of a concussion are most common below.

Mild concussion

When slight concussion the brain in an adult experiences the following symptoms:

• severe contusion of the head or neck (the blow “detonates” from the cervical vertebrae to the head);
• short-term - a few seconds - loss of consciousness, concussions often occur without loss of consciousness;
• “sparks from the eyes” effect;
• dizziness, aggravated by turning the head and bending over;
• the effect of “old film” before the eyes.

Symptoms of a concussion

Immediately after the injury, the victim experiences general cerebral symptoms of a concussion:

1. Nausea and vomiting reflex in the case when it is not known what happened to the person and he is unconscious.
2. One of the most important symptoms is loss of consciousness. The time of loss of consciousness can be long or, conversely, short.
3. Headaches and loss of coordination indicate a brain injury, and the person also feels dizzy.
4. With a concussion, pupils of different shapes are possible.
5. The person wants to sleep or, on the contrary, is hyperactive.
6. A direct confirmation of a concussion is convulsions.
7. If the victim has regained consciousness, he may experience discomfort in the presence of bright light or loud sound.
8. When talking to a person, he may experience confusion. He may not even remember what happened before the accident.
9. Sometimes speech may not be coherent.

During the first days after injury, a person may experience following signs concussions:

• nausea;
• dizziness;
• headache;
• sleep disturbance;
• disturbance of orientation in time and space;
• pallor skin;
• sweating;
• lack of appetite;
• weakness;
• inability to concentrate gaze;
• feeling of discomfort;
• fatigue;
• feeling of unsteadiness in the legs;
• flushes of blood to the face;
• noise in ears.

It must be remembered that the patient will not always show all the symptoms characteristic of a concussion - it all depends on the severity of the injury and the general condition of the person’s body. That is why the severity of a brain injury must be determined by an experienced specialist.

What to do if you have a concussion at home

Before doctors arrive, first aid to the victim at home should consist of immobilizing him and ensuring complete rest. You can place something soft under your head, or apply a cold compress or ice to your head.

If the person who has suffered a concussion continues to be in unconscious, the so-called saving position is preferable:

• on the right side,
• head thrown back, face turned to the ground,
• the left arm and leg are bent at a right angle at the elbow and knee joints(you must first exclude fractures of the limbs and spine).

This position, ensuring the free passage of air into the lungs and the unhindered flow of liquid from the mouth to the outside, prevents breathing problems due to retraction of the tongue, flow into Airways saliva, blood, vomit. If there are bleeding wounds on the head, apply a bandage.

To treat a concussion, the victim must be hospitalized. Bed rest for such patients is at least 12 days. During this time, the patient is prohibited from any intellectual and psycho-emotional stress (reading, watching TV, listening to music, etc.).

Severity

The division of a concussion into degrees of severity is quite arbitrary - the main criterion for this is the period of time that the victim spends unconscious:

• 1st degree - slight concussion, in which loss of consciousness lasts up to 5 minutes or is absent. The general condition of the person is satisfactory, neurological symptoms(impaired movements, speech, sensory organs) are practically absent.
• 2nd degree – consciousness may be absent for up to 15 minutes. The general condition is moderate, vomiting, nausea, and neurological symptoms appear.
• 3rd degree – tissue damage expressed in volume or depth, consciousness is absent for more than 15 minutes (sometimes a person does not regain consciousness until 6 hours from the moment of injury), general state heavy with pronounced violations functions of all organs.

It must be remembered that any victim who has suffered a head injury should be examined by a doctor - even with a seemingly insignificant injury, the development of an intracranial hematoma is possible, the symptoms of which will progress after some time (“light period”) and steadily increase. With a concussion, almost all symptoms disappear under the influence of treatment - this takes time.

Consequences

In case of adequate treatment and the patient follows the recommendations of doctors after a concussion, in most cases there is full recovery and restoration of performance. However, some patients may experience certain complications.

1. The most severe consequence of a concussion is considered postconcussion syndrome which develops over a certain period of time (days, weeks, months) after TBI and torments a person throughout his life constant attacks intense headache, dizziness, nervousness, insomnia.
2. Irritability, psycho-emotional instability, increased excitability, aggression, but quick release.
3. A convulsive syndrome that looks like epilepsy, depriving you of the right to drive a car and access to certain professions.
4. Expressed, appearing in discontinuities blood pressure, dizziness and headache, hot flashes, sweating and fatigue.
5. Hypersensitivity to alcoholic beverages.
6. Depressive states, neuroses, fears and phobias, sleep disturbances.

Timely quality treatment will help minimize the effects of a concussion.

Treatment of concussion

Like any injury or disease of the brain, a concussion should be treated under the supervision of a neurologist, traumatologist, or surgeon, who monitor any signs and development of the disease. Treatment involves mandatory bed rest - 2-3 weeks for an adult, 3-4 weeks for a child minimum.

It often happens that a patient after a concussion experiences acute sensitivity to bright light, loud sounds. It is necessary to isolate him from this so as not to aggravate the symptoms.

The patient is in the hospital mainly for the purpose of monitoring him, where he is given preventive and symptomatic treatment:

1. Analgesics (baralgin, sedalgin, ketorol).
2. Sedatives (tinctures of valerian and motherwort, tranquilizers - Relanium, phenazepam, etc.).
3. For dizziness, bellaspon, bellataminal, and cinnarizine are prescribed.
4. Magnesium sulfate is good for relieving general tension, and diuretics are helpful for preventing cerebral edema.
5. It is advisable to use vascular drugs(trental, cavinton), nootropics (nootropil, piracetam) and B vitamins.

Besides symptomatic treatment Therapy is usually prescribed aimed at restoring impaired brain functions and preventing complications. Prescribing such therapy is possible no earlier than 5–7 days after injury.

Patients are recommended to take nootropic (Nootropil, Piracetam) and vasotropic (Cavinton, Teonicol) drugs. They provide beneficial influence on cerebral circulation and improve brain activity. Their use is indicated for several months after discharge from the hospital.

Rehabilitation

The entire rehabilitation period, which lasts from 2 to 5 weeks depending on the severity of the condition, the victim must follow all the doctor’s recommendations and strictly adhere to bed rest. Any physical or mental stress is also strictly prohibited. Monitoring by a neurologist is necessary throughout the year to prevent complications.

Remember, after suffering a concussion, even in mild form Various complications may occur in the form of post-traumatic syndrome, and in people who abuse alcohol, epilepsy. To avoid these troubles, you should see a doctor throughout the year.

A mild concussion is a traumatic brain injury that causes short-term changes in the functioning of this organ. Pathological condition occurs as a result of blows and bruises. Primary symptoms almost unnoticeable, but a slight concussion can later cause severe consequences in the form of headaches or Parkinson's disease. Timely the right help and accurate compliance with the doctor’s instructions will avoid unnecessary complications.

What is a concussion

Closed lung traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a concussion of the brain (lat. commocio cerebri). At the same time, the brain does not function significant violations, symptoms are fleeting. Such concussions account for 70 to 90% of all cases of TBI. It is difficult to make a diagnosis, so the disease often goes unnoticed.

Approximately one third of patients suffer a concussion in the condition alcohol intoxication, victims are unable to understand what happened in time and seek help after a long time. In this case, errors in diagnosis can reach 50%. During a concussion, macrostructural changes do not occur and tissue integrity does not change. The disruption of interneuronal interaction is short-term, tissue damage is diffuse.

Causes

Concussion is a consequence mechanical impact: indirect (acceleration injury, inertial), direct (impact head injury). As a result, the brain array is displaced relative to the axis of the body and the cranial cavity, the synaptic apparatus is damaged, and redistribution occurs tissue fluid. Among common reasons head injuries:

• RTA (traffic accidents);
• criminal cases;
• injuries at home, at work,
• playing sports.

Signs of a concussion

Symptoms depend on the severity of the injury. The pathological condition is divided into degrees:

• First: clouding of the state, confusion of speech without memory loss.
• Second: amnesia is acceptable, but without fainting.
• Third: the patient loses consciousness.

Concussion is considered as light form TBI. The pathological condition has 3 stages:

• Acute period. Lasts from the moment of injury until the condition stabilizes, on average about two weeks. At that time metabolic processes in damaged tissues proceed faster, triggering occurs autoimmune reactions in relation to companion cells and neurons.
• Intermediate. It lasts from the moment of stabilization of impaired brain functions until their normalization, the duration is about two months. In the intermediate period, homeostasis is restored, and other pathological conditions may form.
• Long-term (residual) period. The patient is recovering (possibly progression of injuries caused by neurological diseases, duration: 1.5–2.5 years. The well-being of the period is individual, determined by the capabilities of the central nervous system (central nervous system), the presence of neurological pathology before TBI, and characteristics of the immune system.

In an adult

The main symptom of a concussion in an adult is a disorder of consciousness at the time of injury. Immediately after the incident, you may still experience:

• partial or complete amnesia;
• headache; dizziness;
• ringing, tinnitus;
• vomiting, attacks of nausea;
• oculostatic phenomenon of Gurevich (with certain movements of the eyeballs, statics are disrupted);
• insomnia;
• weakness;
• dystonia of facial vessels (pallor turning into hyperemia);
• increased sweating;
• neurological manifestations: asymmetry of the corners of the mouth, quickly passing, dilation or constriction of the pupils;
• nystagmus (oscillatory eye movements);
• unsteadiness of gait;
• poor facial expression.

After injury and concussion, amnesia often occurs. Memory loss varies depending on when it occurs:

• Retrograde: circumstances and events that occurred before the injury are forgotten.
• Congradnaya: the patient’s memory disappears from the period of time corresponding to the injury.
• Anterograde: There is a loss of memories of events that occurred after the injury.

In children

Clinical picture in children it is rapid, the signs of a concussion are more indicative. The pathological condition has symptoms caused by the compensatory capabilities of the central nervous system, unfinished calcification of the sutures, and the elasticity of the elements of the skull. The disease in older children often occurs without loss of consciousness, vegetative symptoms are present: the color of the skin changes, tachycardia occurs. The pain is localized at the site of injury. The acute period is shortened (lasts 10 days). Observed following symptoms:

• temperature increase;
• cold sweat;
• pale face;
• loud crying, then the child falls asleep.

In children, due to slight differentiation of the central nervous system, there may be no symptoms. Children over 2 years of age may experience ringing in the ears and short-term blindness. For children 2-5 years old, the following symptoms are typical:

• attacks of vomiting, nausea, desire to constantly drink;
• impaired coordination;
• temperature rises, the child begins to sweat:
• nystagmus;
• lack of facial expressions;
• lethargy, lethargy.

Complications

Post-concussion syndrome is a commonly diagnosed consequence of a concussion. The condition develops against the background of a previous head injury and is accompanied by drowsiness, headache, attacks of dizziness, numbness of the limbs, paresthesia, decreased memory, hypersensitivity to noise and light. Possible the following complications after traumatic brain injury:

• somatoform autonomic dysfunction;
• asthenic syndrome;
• memory problems;
• emotional instability, behavioral disorders;
• insomnia.

Diagnostics

The circumstances of the injury must be taken into account when making a diagnosis. Brain injury often resolves without objective signs. In the first hours after the incident, the doctor may notice loss of consciousness, nystagmus, unsteadiness of gait, double vision. During a concussion, there are no bone fractures, no deviations in the pressure and composition of the cerebrospinal fluid, with ultrasound examination expansions and displacements are not detected midline structures brain, CT scan will not detect traumatic abnormalities.

Diagnosis of concussion is difficult due to the paucity of objective data. Basic diagnostic criterion– regression of symptoms within a week. The following are often carried out instrumental studies:

• X-ray (will show the absence of fractures);
• electroencephalography (the doctor will notice diffuse changes bioelectric activity of the brain);
• computed tomography, magnetic resonance (will show whether there are changes in the density of white and gray matter).

Treatment for concussion

Patients with suspected TBI are subject to hospitalization; they are observed in the hospital for about two weeks (the period depends on the severity of the injury). Hospital treatment is mandatory for victims if:

• fainting lasted more than 10 minutes;
• there are neurological focal symptoms that complicate the pathological condition;
• the patient denies the fact of loss of consciousness;
• convulsive syndrome;
• suspected fracture of the skull, fracture of the base of the skull, penetrating wound;
• confusion lasts for a long time.

If the initial degree of concussion occurs, the victim is sent for treatment at home, having previously examined him. The pathological condition is detected using CT or radiography. The therapist may prescribe an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), ultrasound examination, examination by an ophthalmologist or neurosurgeon.

Home treatment after a concussion, a course of medication lasting 2-3 weeks is required. The patient needs following conditions:

• dim lighting;
• bed rest;
• peace;
• refusal to watch TV, computer games, listening to loud music;
• absence physical activity, overstrain (mental, emotional);
• a balanced diet, excluding foods that provoke pressure surges (caffeine, spices, fatty food, sweets, alcohol).

If you follow the doctor’s recommendations, the patient will feel improvement on the second day. After a week, the pathological symptoms should disappear. After the course of treatment, it is better for the patient to abstain for some time from exertion, lifting weights, and spend more time in nature. Rest and a gentle attitude towards yourself will help prevent the development of complications such as dizziness, migraines, and vascular disorders.

First aid

If there is a suspicion of a concussion, and consciousness quickly returned to the victim, he should be placed in a lying position, with his head slightly raised. If a person does not come to his senses, then he needs to be placed in a saving position:

• place on the right side;
• tilt your head back so that your face is directed towards the surface;
• bend the left arm and leg at a right angle, provided there are no fractures of the spine or limbs.

First aid for a concussion will save the victim from serious consequences. In this position, air easily passes into the lungs, and any liquid accumulating in the mouth, be it saliva, blood or vomit, flows out. In this position, the possibility of tongue retraction is excluded. Obvious wounds should be treated immediately. Next, the victim is taken to the emergency hospital to clarify the diagnosis. Bed rest is recommended for three days.

Drug therapy

Medication treatment for concussion is rarely required and is symptomatic. Pharmacotherapy is aimed at normalizing brain functions, relieving migraines, dizziness, insomnia, and nervousness. In case of concussion it is prescribed the following groups medications:

• improving blood flow to cerebral vessels (Cinnarizine);
• analgesics (Pentalgin, Analgin, Sedalgin, Dexalgin, Maxigan);
• nootropics (Pyridol, Piracetam, Glycine, Nootropil);
• sedatives, antidepressants (motherwort, valerian, Corvalol, Valocordin, Afobazol, Sibazon, Grandoxin, Phenazepam);
• improving metabolic processes in the brain (Instenon, Nicotinate);
• normalizing the functioning of blood vessels (Cavinton, Sermion, Instenon);
• relieving dizziness (Cinnarizine, Tanakan, Platiphylline with Papaverine);
• sleeping pills (Relaxon, Donarmil);
• restoratives(vitamins, tonics, antioxidants).

Carrying out metabolic and vascular therapy promotes rapid recovery brain functions after a concussion. Doctors recommend combining vascular drugs with nootropic drugs. Among the possible combinations: taking Cavinton 1 tablet and Nootropil 2 capsules or 1 tablet Stugeron and Noopept three times a day for two months. Neuroprotectors provide metabolic support to the brain.

The course of therapy should include drugs containing magnesium (Magnelis, Magne B6, Panangin) and antioxidants (some are intended for intravenous injections): Mildronate 1 tablet 3 times a day, Cytoflavin 2 tablets 2 times a day. To overcome asthenic phenomena that occur after a concussion, the following are prescribed: Phenotropil (0.1 in the morning), Vasobral (2 ml twice a day), Cogitum (20 ml per day), vitamins (Centrum, Vitrum).

Treatment of concussion at home with folk remedies

At home, treatment for a concussion in an adult includes bed rest for about 2-3 weeks (for a child - about a month) and taking medications, but neglecting prescriptions traditional medicine It's also not worth it. To restore health after a concussion, plants such as St. John's wort, string, aloe vera, cinquefoil, ginseng and eleutherococcus are used. Most popular recipes:

• Infuse for 21 days 1 tbsp. Aralia herbs in 100 ml medical alcohol. Take 30 drops twice a day (in the morning and before lunch).
• Prepare thyme infusion: 10 g herb per 400 ml hot water, keep on fire, but do not boil, strain, take half a glass before meals.
• Mix arnica flowers (20 g) with crushed myrtle leaves (10 g). Pour the mixture with 200 ml of boiling water and leave in a thermos for several hours. Strain, take 10 ml before meals.

Forecast

After a concussion, it is recommended to be observed by a neurologist for at least a year. This type of injury does not lead to fatal outcome, and symptoms disappear within a month. Compliance with the regime and elimination of factors that can aggravate the consequences are guarantors full recovery ability to work. In some cases, after the symptoms disappear, victims may experience headaches, sleep disturbances, increased fatigue and irritability to light and sounds. After three months, these manifestations disappear.

Video

When there is a blow to the head or a sharp turn, the brain can move in seconds from its usual place and then return back, as it is washed by the liquid in the box. At very strong impact the brain may hit the skull. During a bruise, the fibers and vessels in the brain structure are stretched and certain symptoms occur in a person.

Such symptoms in the head may include, in particular, nausea. After this, the person must constantly remain at rest and take medications prescribed by the doctor. You should take the medicine strictly on the recommendation of a specialist. As medical procedures In adults, other methods may be used.

What pills to take for a concussion, as well as what other medications can be used for treatment, will be discussed in this article. Treatment for a concussion can be done at home or in a hospital under the supervision of a doctor. All efforts of the doctor will be aimed at relieving symptoms.

In some cases, with a concussion, symptoms can manifest themselves very acutely. Unpleasant sensations may occur immediately immediately after the impact, and then last another 2-3 hours. Depending on the severity and form of the injury, the patient may experience the following symptoms:

• Attacks of nausea and vomiting.
• Head spinning.
• Confusion.
• Pain in the head.
• Arrhythmia.
• Noise in ears.
• Loss of memory.
• Loss of consciousness.

After a certain period of time after the injury, such symptoms subside, and the victim experiences relief. It is at this moment that the pathology must be diagnosed in order to begin to treat it in time.

This is the only way therapy can be as effective as possible. If treatment is not started in time, the patient’s condition will worsen. mental condition, weakness in the body will appear and sleep will be disturbed.

Diagnosis

Before prescribing medications for a concussion, it is necessary to determine the severity of the pathology. To do this, the doctor interviews the patient and his relatives, determines the moment of injury, as well as the symptoms that appeared after that.

Those who are near the victim in the first minutes after an injury must remember everything that happens to him and what symptoms bother him at first. This is necessary so that 15-20 minutes after the injury, the symptoms may change their character. When the patient loses consciousness after a blow, you need to remember how long he was in this state.

If there is no damage to the skull bone, then the pathology can be diagnosed by examining the patient, as well as by certain signs that may appear. The doctor can also take tactile samples and carry out the following diagnostic methods:

1. Dopplerography.
2. Electroencephalographic.
3. Ophthalmographic.

If testing reveals that there is a violation of the integrity of the skull bone or that there are internal tumors in the head, then an MRI or CT scan using the appropriate equipment may be prescribed.

After a thorough examination and diagnosis, the doctor prescribes treatment to the patient, which can be of the following types:

1. Medication. Concussion pills are taken and injections are given to improve (TBI) brain condition. What medications to take is decided by the doctor conducting the treatment.
2. Physiotherapeutic. They are carried out after acute symptoms have been relieved.
3. Operational. If after the injury large hematomas are detected in the skull or damage occurs.

Throughout the entire period of therapy, the patient must be given complete rest. He needs to stay in bed all this time. This will make it possible to receive treatment faster and spend less time in the hospital. Also, such procedures will make it possible to eliminate the possibility of complications.

Medications for concussions

If the severity of the damage is moderate or mild, then instead of injections the patient can be prescribed drugs that contain a minimal amount active ingredients. Depending on the intensity of symptoms, the following drugs are prescribed:

• Analgesics. They can relieve pain and have a sedative effect.
• Nootropic. Help restore impaired brain functions. This is memory, perception or speech.
• Antiemetics. Relieves attacks of nausea. It should be taken only when certain symptoms appear.
• Diuretics. Prescribed in cases where swelling of the brain may occur or there is a risk of hypertension.
• For dizziness. Used to relieve corresponding symptoms.
• Sedatives. They normalize a person’s excitability and put his sleep in order.
• Tranquilizers. If the drugs listed above do not bring a positive effect, then these drugs are used. They are taken only in a hospital under the supervision of a doctor. Such substances are taken until the patient’s stress goes away.
• Vitamins. They are prescribed as auxiliary substances and provide nutrition to the brain and fibers.

All medications and their dosage should be determined only by a doctor. This does not depend on where the treatment will be carried out: in a hospital or at home.

There is no guarantee that a person will not experience headaches after completing treatment. They can be permanent or temporary. If the nature of such manifestations does not relate to migraines and other similar pathologies, then the doctor may prescribe Citramon or Pentalgin, as well as other drugs that must be selected individually for each person.

In addition to taking medications, other procedures must be prescribed. These include neurological and vascular. All of them help normalize the condition of the brain and blood vessels, as well as tissues in the head.

Important! Those who have suffered a concussion should avoid drinking alcohol, coffee, tobacco and drugs.

To normalize the patient’s condition when a concussion occurs in old age, therapy for sclerosis may be prescribed. It is also important during this treatment to eliminate, as far as possible, other chronic pathologies in organism.

When a person has a tendency to epilepsy, after a head injury he needs to be constantly monitored at a dispensary. Also, after this injury, such patients should take a vacation and go to a resort to spend more time outdoors.