Mineral water name. Who benefits from sulfate mineral waters?

Drink a day and in what form to consume it do not subside. Some people prefer to replace plain water mineral. Canteen, medical dining room, medicinal mineral water - what's the difference? And which of these types of water will benefit you?

How is mineral water different from plain water?

The US FDA clarifies this issue. food products and drugs (FDA). According to their standards, water can be considered mineral if it contains at least 250 particles for every million - you won’t believe it! - mineral particles (in terms of liters this is 250 mg/l). By Russian standards, mineral waters include waters with a total mineralization of at least 1 g/l.

In addition, such water must be obtained from natural sources. So tap water, even additionally enriched with various microelements, cannot rightfully be called mineral.

What microelements should be in mineral water? Most often these include magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, chlorine, phosphorus, and sulfur. There are a decent amount of these components in mineral water, and their composition determines its type - for example, chloride or magnesium. Also, mineral water may contain iron, chromium, fluorine, copper, manganese, selenium, and so on.

Depending on the concentration of these elements, mineral water can be classified as table water, medicinal water, or medicinal water. According to Russian GOST, water with mineralization up to 1 g per liter is considered table water, medicinal water - from 1 to 10 g/l, medicinal - from 10 to 15 g/l. Sometimes mineral water can be considered medicinal, even if the total concentration of trace elements in it is below 10 g per liter, but the content of individual active components exceeds established standards.

As the name implies, medicinal mineral water is needed only for indications and in the treatment of certain diseases, esophagitis, gastric ulcers, diseases of the intestines, liver, gall bladder, urinary tract, diabetes, obesity, anemia. Medicinal table water can be drunk in in moderation for prevention, and table mineral water is useful for all healthy people. If you are thinking about regularly buying table or medicinal-table mineral water, you should carefully read the labels - and understand how this or that water will affect you.

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Hydrocarbonate (alkaline) water - for the prevention of gastritis

But it can help fight dyspepsia, or “lazy stomach syndrome” (in Russia this disease is often diagnosed as “chronic gastritis”). In people prone to this type of digestive disorder, the stomach easily becomes full, heaviness and nausea occur. The reason is overproduction of hydrochloric acid- main component gastric juice.

Bicarbonates neutralize hydrochloric acid, so alkaline mineral water allows you to get rid of pain and bloating in the stomach after eating and prevent exacerbation of gastritis.

Bicarbonate mineral water has other useful features: it allows you to maintain cholesterol levels (by increasing the secretion of bile, which helps remove excess cholesterol from the body), reduce concentrations in the blood - and this helps in the prevention of heart disease, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

Sulfate water - for constipation

This mineral water contains sulfuric acid salts - sulfates: for example, sodium sulfate. Their amount must be at least 200 mg/l. Sulfate water will be useful, in particular, for those who periodically suffer. Water with a high concentration of magnesium sulfate will help improve bowel movements and reduce the need to take laxatives. And sulfate-hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium mineral water (like Narzan) ensures the prevention of diseases of the biliary tract - dyskinesia, cholelithiasis. It will also help improve digestion for those who have had their gallbladder removed.

Chloride water - for digestion

It contains chlorides - salts of hydrochloric acid - in an amount of at least 200 mg/l. The most common sodium chloride mineral water is also called “salty” (this includes waters of the Obukhov type, Essentuki). It speeds up digestion - like healthy people, and in those who are predisposed to dyspepsia.

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Calcium water - for osteoporosis

It should contain 150 mg or more calcium per liter. This water is useful for women; it will help preserve strong bones and will prevent osteoporosis. This is especially true for those who get little calcium from food - in particular, little or no dairy products. Calcium water is also useful for children and adolescents (for normal bone formation), pregnant women (prevention of calcium deficiency and tooth decay), and elderly men (protection against osteoporosis).

Sodium water - for athletes

This mineral water, which contains at least 200 mg/l of sodium salts, is important for those who actively engage in sports - it helps replenish the supply of microelements that leave the body with sweat. Those who are predisposed to cardiovascular diseases- it can increase blood pressure. Therefore, older people and people with heart problems should avoid it (especially sodium chloride mineral water) and drink water that contains no more than 20 mg/l of sodium salts.

reduces mortality from disease. This is not surprising, because magnesium is essential element For normal operation heart and circulatory system: it helps maintain vascular tone, dilates them during spasms and normalizes blood pressure. Magnesium controls muscle function, and the heart is also a muscle that is kept in shape thanks to the trace element.

“You need to drink medicinal table mineral water in reasonable quantities. The fact is that regular excessive consumption of carbonated drinks can negatively affect the condition of the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach. If it is cold water, then the negative effect is enhanced.

Since mineral water contains trace elements in different concentrations, the effect on the body may be different. Some mineral waters can have a laxative effect, others have a strengthening effect, some work to reduce blood pressure, others - for promotion. Therefore, it is better to consult with your doctor about which mineral water will benefit you and not harm you,” a nutritionist, candidate of nutrition explained to the Mail.Ru Health project medical sciences Ksenia Selezneva.

Mineral water is underground (rarely surface) water that contains biologically active mineral and organic components in high concentrations and has specific properties. physical and chemical properties that affect the human body therapeutic effect. Depending on these properties and composition, it can be used both as an external and internal remedy.

Medicinal mineral waters are natural waters that contain large quantities certain mineral substances, various gases (carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen and others) or possess, whatever unique properties– radioactivity, temperature, and so on.

The process of formation of mineral waters is very complex and has not yet been sufficiently studied. Rainwater, seeping through rocks, accumulated for centuries in different layers of the earth's crust. All this time, numerous minerals, and the deeper into earth's crust it penetrated, the more it was purified, and the more carbon dioxide and useful substances accumulated in it.

Depending on what layers the water passed through, at what depth it lies and what its age, we get Various types its medicinal properties. Mineral waters come to the surface in the form of natural mineral springs or are removed using boreholes.

Chemical composition of mineral water

The chemical composition of mineral water is determined by the salts dissolved in it. They are represented by electrically charged particles - ions with a positive or negative charge. The main ones are: three cations - sodium (Na +), calcium (Ca 2+), magnesium (Mg 2+) and three anions - chlorine (Cl), sulfate (SO 2) and bicarbonate (HCO 3). Mineral water contains almost the entire periodic table in small quantities.

Carbon dioxide is also an important component of mineral water, since the medicinal properties of water are formed through the interaction of carbon dioxide with underground rocks.

CLASSIFICATION OF MINERAL WATERS

The main indicators on which the classification of mineral waters is based are: mineralization, ionic composition, gas composition, temperature, acidity (alkalinity), radioactivity.

Classification of mineral waters by mineralization.
Mineralization, i.e. the sum of all water-soluble substances - ions, biologically active elements (excluding gases), is expressed in grams per 1 liter of water. There are: low-mineralized mineral waters (1 - 2 g/l), low (2 - 5 g/l), medium (5 - 15 g/l), high (15 - 30 g/l) mineralization, brine mineral waters (35 -150 g/l) and strong brine (150 g/l and above).

Classification of mineral waters from the point of view of balneology.
Depending on the degree of mineralization, mineral waters used for drinking treatment are divided into:
a) dining rooms – mineralization up to 1 g/l;
b) medicinal table – mineralization from 1 to 10 g/l;
c) medicinal - mineralization more than 10 g/l or a high content of biologically active elements: iron, bromine, iodine, hydrogen sulfide, fluorine, etc., while the total mineralization may be low.

Table mineral water stimulates digestion and has no medicinal properties. It can be drunk in any quantity. As a rule, it is soft, pleasant to the taste, without any foreign smell or taste; many soft drinks are made from it.

You cannot cook food with table water. When boiling mineral salts precipitate or form compounds that are not absorbed by the body.

Medicinal table mineral water is drunk both for prevention and as a table water. But it has a pronounced therapeutic effect only when correct use. If consumed in unlimited quantities, it may disrupt salt balance in organism.

Medicinal mineral waters are used for drinking treatment and for external use - baths, showers, bathing, as well as for inhalation. The effect of its use depends on the right choice type of water and from correct reception– dose, frequency, temperature, diet. Therefore, carry out treatment mineral water must be under the supervision of a doctor.

Classification of mineral waters by chemical composition:
a) hydrocarbonate;
b) chloride;
c) sulfate;
d) sodium;
e) calcium;
f) magnesium;
i) mixed.

Hydrocarbonate mineral water - contains bicarbonates (mineral salts), more than 600 mg per liter. It reduces the acidity of gastric juice. Often used as a remedy for heartburn. Used in treatment urolithiasis. Recommended for people actively involved in sports, infants and patients with cystitis.

Chloride mineral water contains more than 200 mg of chloride per liter. She stimulates metabolic processes in the body, improves the secretion of the stomach, pancreas, small intestine. Used for disorders digestive system. Contraindicated for high blood pressure.

Sulfate mineral water - contains more than 200 mg of sulfates per liter. It stimulates peristalsis gastrointestinal tract and has a beneficial effect on restoring liver and gallbladder function. Renders soft laxative effect, removes harmful substances and impurities from the body. Used for diseases biliary tract, chronic hepatitis, diabetes mellitus, obesity. Sulfate water is not recommended for children and adolescents: sulfates can interfere with the absorption of calcium.

Sodium, calcium and magnesium mineral waters are waters with a predominance of Na +, Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ cations, respectively.

Most mineral waters have a complex mixed structure: chloride-sulfate, hydrocarbonate-sulfate, etc. This increases their healing effect.

Classification of mineral waters depending on gas composition and the presence of specific elements:
a) carbon dioxide (acidic);
b) sulfide (hydrogen sulfide);
c) bromide;
d) iodide;
e) arsenic;
f) glandular;
i) silicon;
j) radioactive (radon).

Classification of mineral waters depending on temperature: very cold (below 4°C), cold - up to 20°C, cool - up to 34°C, indifferent - up to 37°C, warm - up to 39°C, hot or thermal - up to 42°C and overheated, or high-thermal - over 42°C.

Classification of mineral waters depending on acidity: neutral pH 6.8 - 7.2; slightly acidic pH 5.5 - 6.8; sour 3.5 - 5.5; strongly acidic - 3.5 or less; slightly alkaline 7.2 - 8.5; alkaline - 8.5 or more.

CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULAR MINERAL WATERS

Essentuki mineral waters are extracted from a depth of 1.5 km and have a lot various types. All sources are located on the territory of the specially protected ecological resort region of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. Mineral water, bottled at the mineral water plant in environmentally friendly glass containers, is certified and meets the WHO requirements (Geneva 1986) for medical dining room and drinking water.

Essentuki No. 4 - medicinal table mineral water has no analogues in its healing and taste properties. This is carbonic bicarbonate-chloride-sodium mineral water of moderate concentration. Used for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, Bladder. Has a complex effect on various functional systems body.

Essentuki No. 17 is the most famous medicinal mineral water in Russia. This is carbonic bicarbonate-chloride-sodium water. It has a significant concentration of minerals. Mineralization 11 -14 g/l. It is used for the same diseases as Essentuki No. 4, often in combination with it. Essentuki No. 17 has many contraindications for use, so prescribing it independently is unacceptable.

Essentuki No. 20 table low-mineralized mineral water. It belongs to the type of sulfate-hydrocarbonate-calcium-magnium waters of low concentration. Its value lies in the fact that it is pure from nature and is not subject to additional purification using chemicals. Has a beneficial effect on intestinal functions and promotes normal digestion. This is not only table water, but also an effective remedy that works well for metabolic and urinary tract diseases.

Narzan - carbonic hydrocarbonate-sulfate-calcium water of the Narzan spring in Kislovodsk. Mineral water "Narzan" has gained worldwide fame as one of the most valuable medicinal table waters. Mineralization 2 - 3 g/l. It quenches thirst well, slightly tones and increases appetite. Narzan enhances intestinal motility and secretory activity of the digestive glands, increases the amount of urine, and promotes the dissolution of phosphates. The salts of magnesium sulfate and calcium bicarbonate contained in narzan have a beneficial effect on the body when catarrhal diseases urinary tract.

Borjomi - carbonated sodium bicarbonate water. Its source is located in Georgia, on the territory of the resort of the same name, at an altitude of 800 m above sea level. This mineral water is world famous. Its mineralization is 5.5 - 7.5 g/l. It belongs to the group of medicinal table waters and is successfully used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, liver diseases, urinary tract diseases, and metabolic disorders.

Mineral water Naftusya(Truskavetska) - low-mineralized hydrocarbonate calcium-magnesium water. It is used to treat urinary tract problems, urolithiasis, and stimulates bile formation.

Smirnovskaya - carbonic hydrocarbonate-sulfate-sodium-calcium water of the Zheleznovodsk hot spring. It is very effective in the treatment of gastric ulcers and duodenum, also has a beneficial effect in the treatment of the liver, biliary and urinary tract.

"Slavyanovskaya". It is mined in the Zheleznovodsk resort. Mineralization 3 - 4 g/l. Useful in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Low mineralization and the presence of calcium bicarbonate make it also an effective treatment for kidney and urinary tract diseases.

HEALING EFFECT OF MINERAL WATER

The therapeutic effect of mineral water depends on its chemical composition, temperature, and the presence of minerals and gases. It has a healing effect on the human body with the entire complex of substances dissolved in it. The choice of water for treatment, as well as the frequency of use, its quantity and temperature, is made by the doctor individually.

Mineral waters with high content hydrocarbonate ions ( alkaline waters) effectively affect the gastrointestinal tract. They are effective for gastritis, colitis and pancreatitis, peptic ulcers and diabetes.

Ferrous mineral waters have therapeutic effect on circulatory system, as they promote the formation of red blood cells and increase hemoglobin in the blood. They effectively help with anemia.

Mineral waters with a high iodine content stimulate the activation of metabolic processes and have a calming effect on nervous system, have a positive effect on the activity of the thyroid gland.

Siliceous waters soothe and have an anti-inflammatory effect. They are especially useful for older people with gastrointestinal diseases.

Potassium – strengthens the heart, improves kidney function. Calcium – strengthens bones, muscles, teeth, is beneficial for the cardiovascular system, establishes ionic balance in the body, and has a beneficial effect on blood clotting. Magnesium – regulates carbohydrate and energy metabolism, helps the functioning of the nervous system.

Baths with mineral waters have beneficial effect on the human body, increase its defenses. IN medicinal baths use gas, radioactive, chloride and other waters. Each of these baths has individual healing properties and is indicated for certain diseases.

Sulfide (hydrogen sulfide) baths improve heart function and have healing, anti-inflammatory, absorbent and analgesic properties. They are indicated for diseases of the skin, musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular and nervous systems.

Radioactive (radon) baths provide a fairly strong therapeutic effect for dermatoses, psoriasis and others. skin diseases, have a sedative and analgesic effect.

Rules for drinking mineral waters

Before drinking bottled mineral water, the preservative carbon dioxide should be removed. For this open bottle must be placed in a container with warm water for 15 - 20 minutes. Heating mineral water leads to the release of excess carbon dioxide.

You should drink mineral water slowly, slowly, in small sips. It is recommended to take slightly mineralized waters in higher dosages compared to highly mineralized ones. The attending physician decides how much and what kind of water to take.

The course of drinking treatment is usually no more than 1 month. After a break of 2 - 3 months it can be repeated.

For chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, intestinal spasms and diarrhea, you should drink hot water.
In case of increased secretion and acidity of gastric juice, water should be drunk heated.
For constipation, you should take cold mineral water.
Attention. For diseases of the liver and gall bladder cold water You can't drink.

Most often, drinking mineral water on an empty stomach is recommended, but for some diseases, such as diarrhea, drinking water on an empty stomach is not recommended.
If the acidity of the gastric juice is high, water should be drunk 1-1.5 hours before meals.
To activate the activity of the digestive glands, mineral water should be taken 15 - 20 minutes before meals.
For heartburn and pain syndrome in the stomach you should drink alkaline waters of Essentuki, Borjomi after meals, 0.25 - 0.3 glasses every 15 minutes.
If there is increased secretion of gastric juice, water can be taken with meals.

Treatment with mineral water is incompatible with drinking alcohol. Smoking should also be avoided, since nicotine is a potent irritant and its effect is opposite to that of medicinal water.

Mineral quality

According to international standards, natural mineral water must meet the following requirements:
- come from natural source, protected from any contamination, and bottled directly at a distance of no more than 50 m from the source;
- come only from officially registered sources;
- extracted only by officially recognized methods;
- maintain natural purity.
It is prohibited to use any methods that may change the original, natural properties of mineral waters.
The use of filters is allowed only for purification from mechanical impurities and, in some cases, from undesirable substances (for example, iron or sulfur compounds).
If water is taken from a source saturated with carbon dioxide, then it can be partially removed.

To distinguish mineral water from drinking water, you need to focus on GOST or TU. The inscription GOST 13273-88 indicates that this is natural mineral water. Also on the label there may be the inscription TU 9185 (further numbers are not so important) and the well number or name of the source. This is also natural mineral water, its composition is the same both in the depths and in the bottle. TU 0131 says that this is not mineral, but drinking water.

Real mineral water usually contains a label with detailed information about the manufacturing company, its location, terms and conditions of storage, well number, and time and date of storage. The labels may even indicate a list of diseases for which this category of water is indicated. There may also be a company logo on the container or lid.

Storage

Mineral water bottles must be stored in horizontal position at temperatures from +4°C to +14°C. Individual rust spots may appear on the outer surface of the metal lid without disturbing the tightness of the closure.

The shelf life of mineral waters (except ferruginous waters) in glass containers, subject to the specified conditions, is 1 year from the date of bottling. During this period, mineral waters retain their composition and have the same biological and therapeutic effect on the human body as those taken directly from the source.

Mineral water is one of the oldest natural medicines, used by people. For centuries, hospitals existed near the sources of healing mineral waters, and were created around the world. famous resorts and sanatoriums, later - factories supplying bottled mineral water throughout the world. What are the benefits of mineral water, do mineral waters retain their medicinal value and today, in an era of abundance of drugs? Where to get these waters, how to use them, how to avoid counterfeits? The questions are answered by the author of the book “Your Own Homeopath: Healing Minerals,” homeopathic physician, allergist and immunologist E. Yu. Zaitseva.

— Elena Yuryevna, how is mineral water useful and why does our body need it? Can't you just accept essential minerals in the form of preparations or dissolve them in the same water?

— Natural beneficial features mineral waters are unique, because they were formed in the bowels of the earth, in a completely special conditions. They undergo natural processing by various rocks, high temperatures, dissolved gases, and all kinds of energy fields. These waters carry enormous information in their composition, structure and properties. This is what explains their unique taste and healing qualities. And since it is impossible to artificially recreate the conditions of an underground natural laboratory, no complex of minerals can compare with natural mineral water. By the way, therefore, changing the composition of mineral waters during their extraction, bottling or purification is strictly prohibited.

Moreover, in general pure water- this is now a huge value, it is no coincidence that in stores it is more expensive than gasoline. There are almost no sources of clean water left in Europe, and they don’t drink tap water, only bottled water from wells. And mineral water is clean.

— What types of mineral waters are there? Tell us about the composition of mineral water?

— During the Soviet era, there was a clear division of water into mineral water, that is, extracted from underground sources, and drinking water, which flowed from the tap. In Europe, drinking water is considered to be bottled well water, which is considered or not considered mineral depending on the amount of salts. In our country, mineral waters are usually divided into medicinal, medicinal-table and table waters.

Healing mineral waters - waters with very high concentration salts - more than 8 grams per liter. There are very few such waters, among them are Essentuki No. 17 and Cheboksary No. 1. Medicinal mineral waters were almost never bottled; they were usually drunk at the source. This is very salty water, which cannot simply be drunk; it is used only for medicinal purposes.

Mineral waters with a salt content of 2 to 8 g/l are considered medicinal waters. Such waters are the majority. However, today almost any water that has at least some medicinal effect is classified as medicinal water.

In the USSR, canteen was the name given to water that was used as drinking water, but was extracted from wells and bottled. Just drinking water There were no bottles, we drank water from the tap.

Now we are in complete confusion. You can buy water and read on the label that it is natural, drinking, medicinal, mineral, and all at the same time. It is very difficult to figure out what kind of water it really is, since the word “mineral” does not necessarily mean that this water was extracted from a well, and the word “drinking” does not always indicate that it is tap water: it can also be table water , that is, from the well.

— Which mineral water is the best? What kind of water should I buy?

— Pay attention to the information on the label. The type of water should be indicated there (for example: mineral natural medicinal table water) and a group indicating its chemical composition (say, sulfate-bicarbonate calcium-sodium). Indicated total salts, and then a detailed explanation of how many and what salts, including microelements, are contained in this water. It can be iodine, zinc, silver, copper, iron...

It is very good if the label contains the well number and the depth from which the water was extracted. This at least somehow confirms that the water is actually extracted from an underground source and is not a fake. The phrase is often placed that the use of water is approved by one or another medical organization for certain diseases. The recommendations of the Research Institute of Balneology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation inspire the greatest confidence.

And yet, you cannot choose water based on the label, unless it is water that you have known since childhood, the quality of which has been tested for decades...

— What kind of mineral waters are there? Can you list their types?

— The most popular types of mineral waters have been known since Soviet times: “Essentuki”, “Slavyanovskaya”, “Smirnovskaya”, “Kislovodskaya”, “Zheleznovodskaya”, “Volzhanka”, “Lipetskaya”, “Izhevskaya”... Now many new names have appeared, telling us nothing. Manufacturers change brands, a source or plant can be resold to another owner, the same water is sold under different names. Try to buy water from old, proven brands. Where a mineral water plant existed and still operates, its composition and name have largely not changed, although, for example, Essentuki water is bottled today by six producers. But, judging by the labels, they all “sit” on the same well, only some bottle water at the source, while others are brought in tanks and bottled at factories.

Better water is the one that is bottled at the source, even if the company is little-known, and the well is located in some village.

There are only two or three mineral waters that say on the label that they are bottled at the source. The most famous is Karachinskaya (bottled in the village of Lake Karachi, Novosibirsk region), the only mineral water awarded 29 medals international exhibitions. The best medicinal properties water spilled from springs on the territory of sanatoriums possesses, and the sanatoriums themselves arose, as a rule, thanks to these healing springs. If you do not have the opportunity to be treated with mineral water directly at the source, then it is best to buy mineral water in pharmacies, in particular homeopathic ones. Mostly highly salty, medicinal waters are sold there, and, unlike in stores, there are practically no fakes.

— Please tell us about treatment with mineral water, how to drink mineral water correctly and for what diseases?

— There are three main groups, or types, of mineral waters in composition: hydrocarbonate, chloride and sulfate.

The benefits of mineral water high content bicarbonates in that it improves blood supply to the mucous membrane of the stomach, intestines, liver, helps with inflammatory and infectious diseases, have a positive effect on all metabolic processes. The only pure hydrocarbonate water of its kind was Borjomi. There are no analogues of such water in Russia. But there are hydrocarbonate-calcium-magnesium waters that contain significant amount calcium and magnesium, such as “Valley of Narzans” or “Novotersky healing”. They are recommended for diseases of the cardiovascular system, affect protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism and are very useful for city residents.

Chloride waters (Omskaya, Okhtinskaya, etc.) contain mainly natural table salt. They improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and the secretion of the digestive glands, and improve the absorption of food.

Sulfate waters are characterized by a high content of sulfates, calcium, magnesium and sodium (Kislovodskaya, Spring of Health, etc.). Treatment with such mineral water is most often taken for diseases associated with metabolism: diabetes, obesity, etc. In fact, it is very difficult to separate waters by composition, and all these groups are often written on the labels together: bicarbonate-sulfate-chloride-magnesium-sodium water. Therefore, you need to pay more attention to recommendations for the treatment of specific diseases and consult your doctor.

— How and how much mineral water can you drink per day?

- Water with low mineralization can be drunk unlimitedly - as is your daily fluid requirement. But in order to take mineral water as a remedy, you need to consult your doctor. He will install for you correct mode drinking specific water when you are sick. The course of treatment ranges from 3-4 to 5-6 weeks. Usually drink water three times a day. The average amount per serving is 200g, but it may be slightly less or more depending on your weight.

— Is it good to drink sparkling water?

— Now there are many articles about the dangers of carbonated water. But in the USSR there was GOST, according to which still water was not allowed to be released in bottles. Water was necessarily carbonated, because at the same time it retained its medicinal qualities within the shelf life (usually 6 months), and the salts do not precipitate. By the way, we have Narzan-type waters with a natural content of carbon dioxide. But in case of some diseases, for example, liver, the gases must be allowed to escape before drinking water.

— What time of day is best to take mineral water?

- Most often they drink it 15-30 minutes before meals. In this case, pure water, entering the body, comes into direct contact with the mucous membrane of the stomach, and then the intestines, and is absorbed faster.

Doctors sometimes prescribe alkaline mineral waters along with food to reduce excessive secretion of gastric juice. And for peptic ulcers and gastritis with high acidity, especially in cases where the disease is accompanied by stool retention and painful heartburn, mineral water should be drunk in small portions after meals.

— Are there any contraindications for drinking mineral water?

— Any contraindication can be acute condition: acute gastrointestinal diseases, exacerbation of the inflammatory process in the stomach and intestines, severe pain. In general, it is impossible to carry out a course of drinking treatment if food cannot pass freely through the digestive tract due to scars, narrowing, etc. There are also contraindications to the use of certain groups of mineral waters. For example, you should not drink bicarbonate water if your urine is alkaline.

All doctors and fitness instructors loudly and in unison say that you need to drink more water. In addition, it would be nice if it will become a habit daily use mineral water.

If the body does not have enough fluid, metabolic processes slow down and metabolic products are eliminated worse. And this leads to a variety of nightmares ranging from flaky skin to severe digestive problems. A lack of fluid can even be the cause of edema - the cells “store” it. That's why general recommendations, especially relevant for those who want to deal with disordered eating, systematic overeating and excess weight, are as follows: drink 30 grams of water per day per kilogram of body weight (but no more than 2 liters). There is a nuance: we are talking specifically about water (juices, teas, broths, etc. for the body, this is not drink, but food). The only problem is to choose what exactly to drink, since along with toxins and other garbage, the legendary “2 liters per day” flushes out completely unnecessary minerals from the body. The logical solution is to drink mineral water, giving the body what it needs.

Salt to taste

Mineral water has the right to be called a liquid extracted from an officially registered underground source, with the original set of salts preserved. What kind of water is in the bottle should be written on the label. Look for the words "sediment at 180 degrees", "total salinity" or "total salinity" - they all mean the same thing.

Depending on how much chemical elements and other substances managed to be dissolved in water, it is declared medicinal (10-15 g of salts per liter, drunk only as prescribed by a doctor). You should not overuse medicinal waters - this can lead to the deposition of salts and other rather unpleasant consequences. Medicinal table mineral waters contain 1-10 g of salts per liter, used in for preventive purposes and for permanent use also not suitable.

IN table mineral water no more than 1 gram of salts per liter, it can be drunk at any time. And it would be nice if half of those “daily 2 liters” were just such water. You don’t have to worry too much about your choice and focus on your own taste - just drink the mineral water that you find especially pleasant. But if you intend to select a certain pool of mineral waters for constant use, for example, as part of a weight loss program or a maintenance course for any chronic disease, consultation with a specialist is necessary.

Classification of mineral waters according to the salts they contain:

• Bicarbonate mineral water ("Arkhyz"). Recommended for people leading an active lifestyle, infants and patients with cystitis. Harmful for gastritis.
• Sulphate mineral water ("Essentuki No. 20"). Recommended for liver problems; it has a mild laxative effect. Contraindicated in children and adolescents, since sulfates can interfere with calcium absorption, which means bone formation. For the same reason, women over 50 who are at risk for osteoparosis should not drink it.
• Chloride mineral water ("Essentuki No. 4", "Aksu"). Regulates the functioning of the intestines, bile ducts and liver. Harmful for high blood pressure.
• Magnesium mineral water ("Narzan", "Erinskaya"). Helps with constipation and stress, not recommended for people prone to stomach upsets.
• Fluoride mineral water ("Lazarevskaya", "Sochinskaya"). Recommended for pregnant women and people suffering from osteoporosis. Contraindicated for those who have fluoridated tap water at home.
• Ferrous mineral water ("Martialnaya", "Polyustrovskaya"). Shown when iron deficiency anemia. Contraindicated for peptic ulcers.
• Sour mineral water ("Shmakovskaya"). Recommended for low acidity of gastric juice. Harmful for ulcers.
• Sodium mineral water ("Smirnovskaya", "Narzan"). Helps with constipation and poor digestion, not recommended for hypertensive patients and those prescribed a low-salt diet.
• Calcium mineral water ("Smirnovskaya", "Slavyanovskaya"). Recommended for milk intolerance, pregnant women, children and adolescents. May reduce blood pressure. Strict contraindications does not have.

Most mineral waters contain a large range of salts and therefore belong to several classes at the same time. For example, “Smirnovskaya” is sodium-calcium, “Narzan” is sodium-magnesium, etc. By the way, there is no need to cook in a “mineral water”, even a dining room one - when boiling, the salts give sediment and can form compounds that are not absorbed by the body.

With or without bubbles?

Mineral water can be carbonated or without gas. If you are medical indications If you drink, for example, “Essentuki 17”, which can only be carbonated, you have no choice. If there are no such strict frameworks, decide for yourself - water “with bubbles” or without. First of all, the gas can be natural or artificially added. The second option seems dubious to gastroenterologists: the “non-native” gas can interfere with the absorption of mineral substances in the water itself. In addition, there is an opinion that in general any carbonated liquid contributes to the appearance of cellulite. By the way, it happens that gas naturally disappears from natural carbonated water. And before bottling it is again, artificially, added to the water. Taking into account all of the above, I would like to stick to water without gas - sin gas or eau naturelle.

If you still choose soda, keep in mind: firstly, no more than 2 glasses a day (otherwise the main effect of use will be a bloated belly). Secondly, when chronic gastritis With increased acidity and ulcers, drink mineral water quickly, almost in one gulp, and with normal and low acidity - slowly, in small sips.

Complex issue

Real natural mineral water requires delicate handling from those who bottle it. Of course, the ideal option is to drink water directly from the source. But, since “Narzan” does not flow from every tap, let’s return to bottled mineral water.

Most liquids that are declared “mineral water” are born like this: first, water from an artesian well (well, if not from a water supply) undergoes deep purification. Such filtration not only removes all harmful impurities, but at the same time rids the water of everything useful that accidentally ended up in it. At the second stage, salts and other minerals are added to the water, bringing the chemical composition to any desired state. Of course, with this approach there may be more or less salts than we would like. And even if there is exactly as much “filling” as is needed, for example, for “Essentuki”, it will still not be a “living” environment, but simply a solution of salts. Of course therapeutic effect There is no need to expect anything from drinking such liquid.

Unfortunately, it is difficult to determine what kind of water is standing in front of you on the supermarket shelf. It is worth focusing on famous manufacturers and famous springs, glass containers that better preserve the properties of water, and a fairly high price. Another fairly safe option is local mineral water, which is simply not economically profitable to counterfeit. By the way, in the Moscow region there are quite enough decent sources - in Dorokhovo, Monino, Tishkovo, Zvenigorod, Arkhangelsk, Erin, Istra and so on.

If we are talking about a complete (at least safe) product, the following information must be indicated on the label:

• Name of water
• Name and contacts of the manufacturer
• Chemical composition
• Degree and method of mineralization
• Source name
• Storage rules
• Best before date

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« Avadhara» - carbonic ferrous hydrocarbonate-sodium mineral water of the “Borjomi” type. Contains arsenic in an amount of 1.2 mg/l. Recommended for the treatment of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and urinary tract. Can only be used as directed by a doctor. The source is located 16 km from the high mountain lake Ritsa in Abkhazia.

« Alma-Ata» - chloride-sulfate, sodium mineral medicinal water. Recommended for stomach and liver diseases. Can also be used as a dining room. The source is located on the bank of the river. Or, I am 165 km from Almaty (Ayak-Kalkan resort).

« Amurskaya» - carbonic ferrous bicarbonate-calcium magnesium-sodium water. It is similar to the Darasun water, widely known in Transbaikalia, but has a higher mineralization. Good for the treatment of chronic catarrhs ​​of the stomach and intestines, chronic inflammation bladder and renal pelvis. Source (Kisly Klyuch) - in the Amur region.

« Arzni» - medicinal and table carbonic chloride bicarbonate-sodium mineral water. It has a pleasant sour taste. Indicated in the treatment of the digestive organs, liver and urinary tract. Source in the resort of Arzni, in the gorge of the river. Hrazdan, 24 km from Yerevan (Armenia).

« Arshan» - carbonic hydrocarbonate-sulfate calcium-magnesium water medium mineralization. A close analogue of the Kislovodsk “Narzan”. Can also be used as table water. The source is on the territory of the Arshan resort, 220 km from Irkutsk.

« Achaluki» - hydrocarbonate-sodium mineral water of slight mineralization with increased content sulfates. The source is located in Srednie Achaluki, 45 km from Grozny (Checheno-Ingushetia). A pleasant, good thirst-quenching table drink.

« Badamyainskaya» - carbon dioxide bicarbonate sodium-calcium mineral water of low mineralization. The source is 2 km from the village. Badaml (Azerbaijan). It is famous as an excellent table drink, refreshing and thirst-quenching. This water is also used for catarrhal diseases of the stomach, intestines and urinary tract.

« Batalinskaya"- bitter, highly mineralized water with a high content of magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate, is known as a very effective laxative. It is distinguished by its mild action and causes pain. Source - near the station. Inozemtsevo, 9 km from Pyatigorsk.

« Berezovskaya» - hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium-magnesium low-mineralized water with a high content of organic substances. Regulates gastrointestinal secretion and increases diuresis. Springs 25 km from Kharkov (Ukraine).

« Borjomi» - carbonic bicarbonate sodium alkaline mineral water. Doctors recommend it to people suffering from diseases of the stomach and duodenum, usually accompanied by high acidity, disorders water-salt metabolism. "Borjomi" is prescribed pr; inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract and gastric mucosa, stagnation in gallbladder and in the biliary tract.
“Borjomi” is a world-famous mineral water, it tastes very good and perfectly quenches thirst. Its source is located in Georgia, on the territory of the Borjomi resort.

« Bukovina» - ferrous sulfate calcium water of low mineralization. It is known in the western regions of Ukraine as a good remedy for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and anemia. Can be used as table water.

« Burkut» - carbonic hydrocarbonate-chloride calcium-sodium mineral water. A pleasant table drink. It is also used for chronic catarrh of the stomach and intestines. The source is located in the Shtifulets gorge, in the Ivano-Frankivsk region (Ukraine).

« Vytautas» - chloride-sulfate sodium-magnesium mineral water, the source of which is located on the banks of the Neman (Lithuania). Used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and biliary tract.

« Valmiera» - sodium-calcium chloride water comes from a deep well on the territory of the Valmiera meat processing plant (Latvia). Total mineralization 6.2. Used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

« Hot key" - chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium mineral water of medium mineralization from source No. 58 of the Goryachiy Klyuch resort, located 65 km from Krasnodar. Its composition is close to Essentuki No. 4 water. It is very famous in Kuban as a good remedy for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and as a table drink.

« Darasun» - carbonic ferrous hydrocarbonate-calcium-magnesium water with a high content of free carbon dioxide. Its source is located on the territory of one of the oldest resorts in Siberia, Darasun, in the Crimean district of the Chita region. Water “Darasun” (translated as “Red Water”) is close in composition to Kislovodsk “Narzan”, but differs almost from it complete absence sulfates and less mineralization. Widely known in Transbaikalia as an excellent refreshing table drink. It is also used for medicinal purposes for catarrh of the stomach, chronic colitis and cystitis, phosphaturia.

« Jermuk» - carbon dioxide bicarbonate sulfate-sodium mineral water. The hot spring is located in the high mountain resort of Jermuk, 175 km from Yerevan (Armenia). It is a fairly close analogue of the famous waters of the Czechoslovak resort of Karlovy Vary, but differs from them in lower mineralization and higher calcium content. It is also close in composition to the waters “Slavyanovskaya” and “Smirnovskaya”.
“Jermuk” water is a very effective remedy for the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary and urinary tracts. Can also be used as table mineral water.

« Dilijan"- carbon dioxide bicarbonate sodium mineral water, similar in chemical composition to Borjomi, but with lower mineralization. Used for diseases of the digestive and urinary tract. Indicated for catarrh of the stomach, mainly with high acidity.

« Dragovskaya" - carbon dioxide hydrocarbonate-chloride sodium water of medium mineralization. The chemical composition is close to the mineral water "Essentuki No. 4". The source is located on the right bank of the Tereblya River in the Transcarpathian region (Ukraine). It is successfully used in the treatment of chronic diseases of the stomach, intestines, liver, biliary tract, obesity, and mild forms of diabetes.

« Druskininkai» - sodium chloride mineral water. It is used for chronic catarrhs ​​of the stomach, mainly with low acidity, and catarrhs ​​of the intestines. The Spalis spring is located on the territory of the ancient resort of Druskininkai, 140 km from Vilnius (Lithuania).

« Essentuki» - common name groups of medicinal and table mineral waters, the numbering of which is carried out according to the sources of origin located in Stavropol region, at the Essentuki resort.

« Essentuki No. 4» - carbonic acid bicarbonate-chloride-sodium medicinal water medium mineralization. Recommended for diseases of the stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder, and urinary tract. Has a beneficial effect on metabolic processes, causing a shift acid-base balance to the alkaline side.

« Essentuki No. 17» - carbon dioxide hydrocarbonate-chloride sodium water of high mineralization. It is used with great success for the same diseases as “Essentuki No. 4” (except for diseases of the urinary tract), and sometimes in combination with it.

« Essentuki No. 20» - table mineral water, belonging to the type of low-mineralized sulfate hydrocarbonate calcium-magnesium waters. Bitter-salty taste, with a sourish aftertaste of carbon dioxide.

« Izhevskaya» - sulfate-chloride-sodium-calcium-magnesium mineral water. Recommended for the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, as well as metabolic disorders. Can also be used as a table drink. The source is located 2 km from the Izhevsk Mineral Waters resort in the village of Izhevka (Tatarstan).

« Isti-Su» - carbon dioxide hydrocarbonate-chloride sodium water medium-; ney mineralization with a high content of sulfates of the hot spring of the Isti-Su resort, located 25 km from the regional center of Kelbajari (Azerbaijan) at an altitude of 2225 m above sea level.

« Isti-Su"refers to terminal waters and is similar in its composition to the waters of the Karlovy Vary resort in Czechoslovakia. The healing properties of this water have been known since ancient times. Indications for the treatment of Isti-Su water are chronic catarrhs ​​and functional disorders of the stomach and intestines, chronic diseases liver, gallbladder, gout, obesity| mild forms of diabetes.

« Karmadon» - sodium chloride thermal mineral water with a high content of hydrocarbonates. It is classified as medicinal, but can also be used as a table drink. Indicated in the treatment of chronic catarrhs ​​of the stomach, mainly with low acidity, chronic: intestinal catarrh. The source is located 35 km from Ordzhonikidze.

« Ķemeri» - chloride sodium-calcium-magnesium mineral water from a source located in the resort of Kemeri in Latvia. You are a very effective remedy in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

« Kyiv» - table mineral water of bicarbonate-calcium-magnesium type. Produced by the Kyiv Experimental Plant soft drinks, where water treatment using a lonator with silver ions (0.2 mg/l) was introduced.

« Kishinevskaya"- low-mineralized sulfate-hydrocarbonate magnesium-sodium-calcium mineral water is a table drink that is refreshing and well quenches thirst.

« Korneshtskaya» - hydrocarbonate sodium mineral water of the Cornesht spring in Moldova. It belongs to the Borjomi type of water, but is less mineralized and does not contain free carbon dioxide. “Korneshtskaya” has proven itself in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and metabolic disorders, as well as a good refreshing table drink.

« Krainka» - calcium sulfate mineral water with a high content of magnesium. with their own healing properties known since the last century. It is very effective in the treatment of diseases of the stomach, liver, urinary tract and metabolic disorders. Can also be used as a table drink.

« Kuyalnik» - sodium chloride-bicarbonate water comes from a source located in the Kuyalnik resort in Odessa (Ukraine). It is successfully used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and is a pleasant table drink that quenches thirst well.

« Lugela"- calcium chloride highly mineralized water is unique in its chemical composition. The source is located in the village of Mukhuri in Georgia. Due to the very high content calcium chloride Use only as directed by a doctor. Indications for treatment: pulmonary tuberculosis and lymph glands, allergic diseases, inflammation of the kidneys with hematuria, as well as diseases for which calcium chloride is usually prescribed.

« Luzhanskaya» - carbonic hydrocarbonate sodium water of the “Borjomi” type. Contains such biological active substances such as boron, fluorine, silicic acid, and free carbon dioxide. It has high medicinal properties and is used for diseases of the digestive system and liver.
This mineral water has been known since the 15th century. It began to be bottled in 1872 - then it was called “Margit”. It is divided into No. 1 and No. 2 - slightly different in chemical composition. The source is located in the Svalyavsky district of the Transcarpathian region (Ukraine).

« Lysogorskaya"- sulfate-chloride sodium-magnesium water of high mineralization, like Batalinskaya mineral water, is an effective laxative. The source is located 22 km from the resort of Pyatigorsk. The chemical composition is close to “Batalinskaya”, but differs from it in lower mineralization and a significantly higher content of chlorine ions.

« Mashuk No. 19» - chloride-hydrocarbonate-sulfate sodium-calcium thermal mineral water of medium mineralization. In composition, it is quite close to the water from the source of the Karlovy Vary resort in Czechoslovakia. The drilling site is located on Mount Mashuk in the Pyatigorsk resort. It is a good remedy for diseases of the liver and biliary tract, as well as diseases of the digestive system.

« Mirgorodskaya"- sodium chloride water of low mineralization. It has valuable healing properties: it helps increase the secretion and acidity of gastric juice, stimulates intestinal activity, improves metabolism. Can also be used as a table drink; it quenches thirst well.

« Nabeglavi» - carbon dioxide hydrocarbonate sodium mineral similar to the famous Borjomi water. The source is located on the territory of the Nabeglavi resort. Used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

« Narzan» - carbonic hydrocarbonate-sulfate calcium-magnesium mineral water, which has won worldwide fame. An excellent refreshing table drink. It quenches thirst well and promotes good appetite.
Can be used to treat a number of diseases. Being well saturated with carbon dioxide, Narzan enhances the secretory activity of the digestive glands. The significant content of calcium bicarbonate makes this water a drink with anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects. "Narzan" has a beneficial effect on the activity of the urinary tract. The springs are located in Kislovodsk.

« Nafshusya» - hydrocarbonate calcium-magnesium medicinal water. Not changeable when urological diseases. Produced under the name “Truskavetskaya” (“Naftusya No. 2”). It contains significantly less organic substances than the water of the main source “Naftusya”, located in the resort of Truskavets, Lviv region (Ukraine).

« Obolonskaya» - chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium-calcium-magnesium table water. A good refreshing drink bottled in Kyiv at the Obolon brewery.

« Polyustrovskaya"- ferrous, low-mineralized water, lime since 1718. Due to its high iron content, it is used for anemia, blood loss, loss of strength. Taking this water helps to increase the content of hemoglobin in the blood. It is also used as a table drink, a good thirst quencher. The source is located near St. -Petersburg.

« Polyana Kvasova» - carbonated sodium bicarbonate mineral water with a significant content of carbon dioxide. Borjomi is superior in mineralization and hydrocarbonate content. It is successfully used in the treatment of diseases of the stomach, intestines, liver, and urinary tract. The source is located in the Transcarpathian region (Ukraine).

« Sairme» - carbonic ferrous hydrocarbonate sodium-calcium mineral water. It is recommended for the treatment of chronic catarrhs, mainly with high acidity, for obesity, mild forms of diabetes, chronic catarrhs ​​and functional intestinal disorders, for diseases of the urinary tract. It is also a pleasant table drink. The source is located in Georgia, on the territory of the Sairme resort.

« Svalyava» - carbonated sodium bicarbonate water, known since ancient times. Since 1800, “Svalyava” has been exported to Vienna and Paris as an exquisite table drink. Among the biologically active components it contains boron. The source is located on the right bank of the Latoritsa River in the village. Svalyava, Transcarpathian region (Ukraine).

« Sergeevna No. 2" - chloride-hydrocarbonate-sodium water, the chemical composition resembles the well-known mineral waters "Arzni", "Dzau-Suar", "Kuyalnik No. 4", "Hot Key". Recommended for peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis.

« Sirabskaya» - sodium carbonate hydrocarbonate water of medium mineralization.
Close in composition to Borjomi. It is popular as an effective remedy in the treatment of a number of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and metabolism. Its sources are located 3 km from Nakhichevan, on the Araks (Azerbaijan).

« Slavyanovskaya» - carbon dioxide bicarbonate-sulfate sodium-calcium water of low mineralization. Its temperature when reaching the surface is 38-39°C. It is very effective in the treatment of many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

« Smirnovskaya“In terms of chemical composition and mineralization, it is close to the water of the Slavyanovsky spring. More different from her high temperature(55°C) and a higher content of natural carbon dioxide. Indications for treatment with Smirnovskaya mineral water are the same as for Slavyanovskaya. Both can be used as a table drink.

« Feodosia» - sodium sulfate-chloride water. The source is located 2 km from Feodosia - on Bald Mountain. It is successfully used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver. When drinking this water, intestinal function is regulated; in obese people suffering from metabolic disorders, weight may decrease under the influence of this water.

« Kharkovskaya" is the name under which two types of mineral waters are produced from sources near Kharkov (Ukraine).

« Kharkovskaya No. 1"- hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium low-mineralized water is similar to Berezovskaya water, used as a table drink, as well as in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and metabolism.

« Kharkovskaya No. 2» - sulfate-hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium-magnesium low-mineralized water. This water is a pleasant table drink, refreshing and thirst-quenching. It is used for the same diseases as Kharkovskaya No. 1 water.

« Kherson» - ferrous low-mineralized chloride-sulfate-hydrocarbonate sodium-calcium-magnesium water. Basically, this is table water, which tastes good and quenches thirst well. How glandular can be useful for different forms anemia and general loss of strength.