Tobacco leaf. Spring protection of garden plants from pests and diseases

If you are not familiar with such a profession as a torsedor, sometimes you don’t mind smoking weed, not just weed, but tobacco, because it is also grass. So, when you find out what this same torcedor does at his job, you will probably want to get a job. Obviously, these people in their free time not only roll cigars, but try them... But let’s say right away that there are no vacancies there now :)
Well, if this is so, then there is only one way to screw something up, and then try how it turned out. This is a full cycle from growing, to collecting tobacco and making cigars from it. It is this topic that we would like to devote our mini note to. Of course, it is not able to reflect all the realities and subtleties of the process, but something can still be learned from it.

We plant tobacco (how to grow tobacco). Planting dates and how to care

So, if you have just decided to start growing tobacco yourself. In this case, which is logical, choose medium and early date maturation. Also choose tobacco varieties in which it is easy to determine the ripeness of the leaf, for example: light-leaf Virginia, Kentucky Barley, Ternopilsky 14, Galitsky original, Indiana.
It is better to start germinating tobacco in Russia in April. You can simply throw it in the ground and place it on the windowsill, on the sunny, warm side. Tobacco, like all plants, loves warmth and sun. In a couple of weeks you will already be able to inhale the first smells of your labor.

As soon as summer takes the reigns into its hot palms, you can plant seedlings in the ground.

Now, with enviable regularity for tobacco, you weed it and moisten it. In this case, the lower row of leaves should leave the bush from time to time, approximately every week or two. The bush should be juicy, green, full of strength.

Once the tobacco sheets reach A4 size, you can think about collecting them.

You also need to pay attention to the color of the sheet. It should be dark green and ripe.
There is no need to wait until the leaves begin to curl in place and turn yellow. The drying and fermentation process is a completely different topic. The leaves should be juicy, green, ready to give their vital energy to all those who in the future want to extract the sunny notes of hot summer from them.
In principle, this is where the process of growing tobacco for cigars ends. Brief, but better than nothing. Next is how to roll, or rather even make, cigars.

How to roll (make) cigars from tobacco (drying, fermenting, rolling)

They need to be dried first. It is here, during drying, that all of your predictions regarding the ripeness of the leaf and the correct harvest time will become apparent.

The dried leaf should be sandy in color and not green at all. Green leaves are considered a sign of marriage, but if you have any, you can mix them with ripe ones so that the work is not wasted.

We dry the tobacco in a ventilated and warm room. The most suitable place is the attic of the house. To reduce dust on it, you can cover it with gauze. You need to dry the leaves until they crumble into dust with one touch.
Next, oddly enough, it is necessary to saturate the sheets with moisture again, but new technology, as they say scientifically - ferment to the desired state. And if in simple language, then just let them deteriorate a little. However, they must spoil in a certain way. To do this, place the sheets in warm water for 20-25 minutes.

As soon as the leaf becomes plastic, cut out the central leg. It is rude in itself and has no use in a cigar.

Then we take jars of vodka solution and 1 teaspoon of honey per liter of honey. Alcohol will prevent the leaves from fermenting and deteriorating, it will act as a kind of antiseptic, and honey will add delicate and aromatic notes. As a result, during the day we store the jars with these leaves in the sun, warm, and at night we wrap them in something warm until the next morning. If the jars warm up to 45-50 degrees, then this is what you need! We nurture the leaves like this for a couple of weeks while they ferment. There are no photos of this process. Fermentation gives the leaf a flavor, brings it to the desired condition, and drives out excess nicotine, which will make it too bitter.
Then we take everything out of the jar, and cut out the rough veins, this is the central vein, if it is still left.

Now for about 4 hours we straighten and press the leaves. Even leaves make it much easier to roll cigars. You can press the leaves even with books and any weight that comes to hand.
Now it's time to roll the cigars.

The leaves are still very plastic, easily change shape, while being even. We take tobacco leaves and twist one on top of the other, involute. In fact, the darkest leaves should be laid in the center and then turned around, but in our case, amateurs will do it this way. We smoke as densely as possible. In order for the leaves to stick together on the outermost sheet, we use agar-agar. Lubricate only the edges. Now, in the absence of molding places, we use paper, with which we wrap the cigar and secure it with masking tape or glue.

Then we put the cigars in the oven for 2-3 hours to dry them. After the tobacco has dried a little, you can remove the paper and wait until the entire cigar dries out on its own. The process is quite long. You will have to wait 2 months, or even more, until the cigar becomes elastic, dry, stretches and smolders almost by itself.

This is the path awaiting every tobacco lover if he suddenly decides to indulge in his cigars. Let's face it, the process is not simple or cheap, and also lengthy. Whether you do it or not is up to you!

Tobacco fermentation one of the main stages of processing after harvesting, drying, simmering tobacco leaves. I'll tell you I'll show you 5 different ways tobacco fermentation at home which will help you in the process of processing tobacco leaves.
I'll start with preparing the raw materials. Be sure to moisten the dried leaves with a little water before fermentation. It is better to do the procedure in the morning while the leaves have absorbed the overnight moisture by lightly spraying with water from a spray bottle and then shaking. Having placed it in a pile, cover it with a damp sheet for 2-4 hours. Leave the leaves for fermentation whole, do not separate the central vein or cut them. In my opinion, these procedures are unnecessary.
After moistening, the leaves should not be wet and not brittle, the leaf should simply be tight and be compressed freely in a fist; excess moisture may appear on the walls of the jar when heated to 50-55 degrees; this should not happen, remove the tobacco and dry it a little.
We have prepared the raw materials for laying, let's move on to the main thing.
First way.
Talking with elderly grandfathers, they told me how they made their own tobacco at home. First of all, they put the entire tobacco leaf in a rag bag, dug a hole 30 centimeters deep, placed the bag there and buried it. They tried to do the entire fermentation process on hot days without rain for 3-4 weeks. Personally, I haven’t tried this option, it’s interesting to try it.

Tobacco fermentation from A to Z

Second way.

How to speed up fermentation.
One of the simplest processes for accelerating fermentation occurs in 4-5 hours. I use it most often when sauced tobacco, adding various natural flavors (prunes, honey, wine, all kinds of alcohol, some seasonings). To do this, we need a pan of water in which we put the leaves for fermentation and bring to a boil. Before this, put the prepared leaves in a jar with a screw lid and place it in a pan of boiling water. Let it sit for 1.5 hours after checking the tobacco, opening the lid you will hear the initial bad smell fermentation. Wait another 3 hours of cooking, the aroma will be simply bomb; the dried leaves can be smoked.

Third way.
It's about how to save energy. Banks are prepared in the above manner. As much meadow grass as possible is mowed and collected in a heap. We put cans of tobacco inside a pile of hay. The grass begins to rot and the temperature necessary for fermentation is created; by monitoring the temperature in the heap, fermentation lasts 3-4 weeks. Do not forget to monitor the temperature of 50-55 degrees inside the heap. From time to time, if the heap begins to get very hot, you need to disassemble it and let it cool a little during the process This will not affect fermentation.

Fourth way.
It is very suitable in winter; we moisten the dried leaves, separate the central vein, put them in a stack and roll them into one large roll and cut them into small particles. Carefully place the leaves halfway into the jars to make mixing easier. We leave it for two weeks on a heating radiator or near the boiler. Turn and stir daily. To be honest, I noticed the longer the tobacco leaves are left for fermentation, up to 30 days, and at the same time it is necessary to maintain humidity in the jars. Tobacco improves its taste qualities. You can do a second fermentation and keep it for another 30 days.

Fifth way.
The thermo-cabinet that has proven itself the most is I use a regular incubator made by myself; you can place the jars in the oven or wrap a milk can in a blanket and install a light bulb. Fermentation occurs at a temperature of 50-55 degrees, turning the jars over daily, and monitoring the humidity, let the humidity be less than more; with high humidity, tobacco leaves begin to rot, which greatly affects the quality. During fermentation, a complex biochemical process occurs; a color change occurs from light to dark; chemical processes occur in which the aromatic qualities change for the better.
After complete fermentation of tobacco, the leaves do not heat up; resistance to mold increases, which has a very good effect on long-term storage.

Fermentation cabinet.

When preparing tobacco at home Special attention The process of fermentation takes place, as a result of which the tobacco raw material gets rid of many undesirable substances. In this article we will talk about in various ways And important points this biochemical process to obtain high-quality and pleasant tobacco taste.

Tobacco processing

True tobacco connoisseurs prefer to make it themselves. After ripening, a processing process takes place, which consists of harvesting, simmering, drying and fermentation.

Did you know? The massive spread of tobacco in Europe was facilitated by the Spanish traveler Christopher Columbus after his 1492 expedition to San Salvador.

Tobacco leaves are harvested after they stop growing, become denser and lighten their color.

During simmering, or pre-drying, tobacco leaves are placed in a cool room with low air circulation, after covering them with a damp cloth. The duration of this procedure takes from three days up to several weeks depending on the plant variety.

The leaves should lose chlorophyll and turn yellow, but not dry out. During the simmering process, you need to transfer tobacco leaves several times a day, otherwise they may rot or rot.

During the drying process, the plant loses all moisture. There are several common ways to dry tobacco leaves at home:

• Drying in the sun. The leaves strung on cords are secured in special frames and exposed to direct sunlight.
• Dry in a dry and warm room. The leaves are strung on a thin wire at a distance of 4 millimeters from each other. The temperature during the day should be within +18...+25 degrees. In the evening they need to be slightly moistened.

In the question of how to dry tobacco correctly, great importance has the time spent on this, which depends on temperature, wind, air humidity and much more. The average duration is 20-45 days. As a result, the central vein should dry completely.

One of important factors proper drying- absence strong wind, which can damage the sheet plate and make further processing impossible. Fermentation - The final stage, after which the tobacco taste improves, the strength and amount of harmful tar and nicotine decreases.

For correct implementation this biochemical process needs constant temperature 50 degrees and the humidity of the sheet plate is at 50%. The time spent on this is 7-14 days. Many people consider this stage difficult and requiring special equipment. However, we will tell you how to properly ferment tobacco at home in order to achieve maximum results with a minimum of effort.

Fermentation of tobacco in the oven

Fermenting tobacco in the oven is easy to do and is perfect for those who want to try cooking it at home. In addition to the oven, you will need 3-liter jars with hermetically sealed lids.

Important! Leaves that are too dry or wet are not suitable for fermentation. The ideal option is a dry sheet plate that is elastic and does not break.

The procedure is as follows:

1. Spray too dry leaves on both sides with a spray bottle. Place in piles, cover with film and leave for a day.
2. We remove the midrib from each leaf and cut it into strips no more than 2 millimeters wide.
3. Fill the jars two-thirds full with them. This is necessary for easy mixing during processing. Screw the lids on the jars tightly.
4. For proper tobacco fermentation, the temperature should be 50 degrees. For 5-7 days we place the jars in the oven, setting it to the temperature we need.
5. We take the tobacco strips out of the jars and dry them a little until they reach the usual smoking humidity.
6. For storage, place in an airtight container.

Fermentation of tobacco in the microwave Lately is gaining great popularity due to the fact that it Quite simple and easy to do at home:

1. Cut the leaves into small strips of 1-2 millimeters.
2. We put them in glass jars, cover with glass lids and put them in the microwave.
3. At the beginning of this method of tobacco fermentation, set the microwave to minimum power and leave for half an hour.
4. We take out the jars and let them cool to room temperature.
5. This procedure should be repeated 3-4 times, after which the tobacco leaves become ready for smoking.

Fermentation of tobacco in a slow cooker

This method is easy to implement at home; the main thing is to have a multicooker available. This method is close to the process of natural fermentation of tobacco in bales on tobacco plantations:

1. We roll the leaves tightly and place them in a fabric bag.
2. If the multicooker has a temperature setting function, then set it to 50 degrees (or in temperature maintenance mode).
3. Place the bags in the slow cooker. Several times a day we swap the top and bottom layers, since as a result of this biochemical process in this way, the lower layers become drier and the upper ones wetter.
4. After 2-3 hours a pleasant honey smell will appear, and after 3-4 days such tobacco leaves can be used for smoking.

Important! When fermenting tobacco leaves in a slow cooker, the steam release valve must be covered with foil to prevent moisture evaporation.

Fermentation in the sun

Another method of fermentation is carried out using solar heat:

1. It is necessary to prepare the leaves (they should be dry, but not broken).
2. Next, you need to place them in jars and cover with iron lids.
3. The jars are taken out into the sun, placed on a metal surface, which will become hot during the process, giving additional temperature to the jars.
4. After 10 days, the contents should be removed from the jars and dried well.
5. After this, the tobacco leaves are ready for use.

Our grandmothers, growing garden strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, did not particularly worry about mulching. But today this agricultural technique has become fundamental in achieving High Quality berries and reducing crop losses. Some might say it's a hassle. But practice shows that labor costs in in this case pay off handsomely. In this article we invite you to get acquainted with the nine the best materials for mulching garden strawberries.

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REAL TOBACCO
smoking tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), herbaceous plant of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), widely cultivated for its leaves, which are rolled into cigars, cut for stuffing into cigarettes, cigarettes and pipes, processed into chewing tobacco and ground into snuff. In addition, they serve as raw materials for the industrial production of nicotine, which is used in the production of many insecticides. Real tobacco is a powerful, fast-growing plant with an unbranched cylindrical stem 1.2-2.4 m high. The root system is taproot. The leaves are alternate, sessile, usually oblong or lanceolate. Their width often reaches 30 cm and length 90 cm. The surface is covered with numerous small glandular hairs that secrete a sticky liquid. funnel-shaped, pink flowers develop in groups at the top of the stem. The birthplace of real tobacco is America, where it was introduced into culture by the Indians. It is now grown all over the world. The main producers are China and the USA, followed by India, Brazil, Russia and Turkey. In China and Russia, the bulk of real tobacco is consumed domestically, and in the United States, about a third of the production is exported, but about half of this amount is imported. Doctors have found that smoking increases the risk of lung cancer, cardiovascular and a number of other diseases, but tobacco in one form or another continues to be consumed throughout the world, mainly for smoking.
Growing. Although true tobacco is not easy to grow, it has been successfully grown in a variety of climates and soil types. At the same time, environmental factors significantly influence the commercial properties of plants. In particular, soil determines the size, texture and color of leaves. On light loams and sandy loams with weak water-holding capacity and low content soluble mineral salts The leaves are usually large, light, with low density, fine texture and a weak aroma. In heavier silt and clay soils, the leaves tend to be smaller, darker, denser and more aromatic. The aroma is also significantly influenced by climatic conditions. Thus, for successful tobacco growing it is necessary to take into account all these factors, as well as a large number of labor force, good drainage, soil fertility and abundant fertilizing. In the main tobacco-growing areas of the United States, seedlings are first obtained from true tobacco seeds, and when the young plants reach a height of 10-15 cm, they are transplanted into the field. Subsequently, the soil is regularly cultivated to control weeds, and after the buds appear, the tops of the shoots and axillary buds are removed to stimulate leaf growth. To obtain the thin, elastic leaves needed for cigar production, true tobacco is usually grown in the shade created by wooden slats or fabric mounted on frames that are mounted on vertical posts. Shading helps maintain uniform temperature and humidity. On different stages plant development is necessary preventive actions to combat pests and diseases. June beetle larvae, flea beetles and cutworm caterpillars are dangerous for seedlings. Adult plants are harmed by the same insects, as well as many others, including leaf rollers and aphids. Leaves in storage areas are damaged by the tobacco beetle. Control measures include thermal or chemical sterilization of the soil, insecticidal treatments and the use of resistant varieties. Basic bacterial diseases present tobacco include blackleg, hollow stem, ruffle and leaf spot; the main mycoses are late blight, powdery mildew and black root rot; The main viruses are mosaic and leaf curl. Diseases are usually controlled by using resistant varieties and using proper crop rotation.
Cleaning and primary processing leaves. Real tobacco is ready for harvesting when its leaves lighten and become spotted: this moment occurs 4-6 months after planting. Either individual leaves or the entire plant are cut off. In the first case, the leaves are strung on wire or knitting needles for drying; in the second, the plants are tied in bunches on sticks and hung between the posts. Drying is necessary to improve the aroma and combustible properties of tobacco. Three main methods are used: air, smoke (pipe fire) and fire. In the first case, the leaves are dried in the sun or in the shade - in open, ventilated sheds; in the second, they are hung in closed sheds, through which hot air from the stoves located outside is passed through pipes. The third method involves starting a fire on the floor of a closed shed. The duration of air drying depends greatly on weather conditions, smoke lasts about three days, and fire lasts about ten days. Drying is a tricky process because overheating green leaves can reduce their quality, especially if the air in the shed is humid or the leaves are touching each other. Then the leaves are steamed, i.e. re-saturated with moisture so that they do not break. To do this, they are placed in damp rooms, treated with steam, or the cutting areas of the plants are sprayed with water. The leaves are then sorted by size, color and quality and tied into bundles. In this form they usually come from farms to market. Purchased tobacco leaf before processing into tobacco products hold out for another year or two. During storage, it must retain enough moisture so as not to crumble, and at the same time be so dry that it suffers as little mold as possible. Typically its humidity at this stage is maintained at 10%.

Main types of tobacco. The most common division of tobacco leaves into eight groups depending on the hereditary properties, soil and climatic conditions of cultivation and the drying method: fire-pipe drying, Burley (a special thin light sheet of shadow drying), other light varieties of shadow drying, light solar drying (except for eastern and semi-eastern groups), eastern and semi-eastern, dark shadow-cured (including cigar), dark solar-cured, fire-cured. Although each of these types is in principle suitable for making specific products, manufacturers usually mix different grades to obtain a homogeneous "bag" of standard specifications. For example, in the cigarette mixtures used in the United States, approximately 10% is imported tobacco, mainly oriental from Greece and Turkey, and the rest is fire-cured, burley and other light shade-cured varieties. Pipe, chewing, cigar and snuff tobaccos are made from dark leaves.
Production of tobacco products. In the manufacture of pipe and cigarette tobacco leaves different types cut into strips, which are mixed in rotating drums to obtain the desired bags. Sometimes moisture-retaining substances are added to it - conditioners like apple juice or glycerin and flavorings such as sugar, honey or mint. Then final grinding is carried out to the desired size. Chewing tobacco is usually made from thick leaves with added binders and flavorings. It is released pressed. Snuff is a fine powder that long time fermented and then flavored with, for example, jasmine or clove buds. Cigars consist of a core, a binder and a wrapper. The pith is small leaves or pieces thereof held together by a binder. Whole leaves are wrapped around in a spiral, starting from the end that will be set on fire.
Story. The tradition of smoking originated among the American Indians, probably no later than the 1st century. At first it was associated with religious rituals, but by the end of the 15th century. has become everyday practice throughout the Western Hemisphere. The first Europeans to learn to smoke tobacco were members of Columbus's expedition to the West Indies. In addition, the Caribbean natives snorted finely ground tobacco through Y-shaped reed pipes, inserting the forked end into their nostrils. They called this pipe "tobago" or "tobaca", from which comes the Spanish word meaning the corresponding plant and its dry leaves. The first large tobacco plantations were also created among Europeans by the Spaniards - in the West Indies, and soon after that in their homeland. In Europe, tobacco first gained popularity as medicinal plant: It was used in the form of compresses and snuff. Sniffing it became fashionable at the court of the French queen Catherine de Medici, who tried this method to improve health around 1561 on the advice of her ambassador to Portugal, Jean Nicot. It is to him that the plant owes its ancestral scientific name Nicotiana. Until about 1575, the Spaniards remained a virtual monopoly on the European tobacco market. At this time, the Portuguese also began to grow small quantities of tobacco in the New World, and soon Dutch colonists in the East Indies and English settlers in Virginia joined in the competition. Smoking spread so quickly that at the beginning of the 17th century. tobacco was already used almost all over the world. However, for a number of reasons, the heads of state to which it was imported often disapproved of this activity. Royal decrees have been issued around the world banning tobacco consumption and threatening violators with severe penalties including death penalty after two warnings. The last edict of this kind appeared in Abyssinia (Ethiopia) at the end of the 19th century. Smoking is also prohibited by some religions.

Collier's Encyclopedia. - Open Society. 2000 .

See what “REAL TOBACCO” is in other dictionaries:

A genus of one and perennial herbs and shrubs of the Solanaceae family. 66 species. Real tobacco and shag are grown mainly in Asian countries, USA, Bulgaria, etc.; in Russia in the southern regions. In dry leaves of real tobacco there is 1 3.7% nicotine, 0.1 1 ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

TOBACCO, a genus of one and perennial herbs and shrubs (Solanaceae family). 66 species. Real tobacco (smoking) is grown in Asian countries, the USA, Bulgaria, etc.; in Russia in Krasnodar region(small areas). Dry leaves contain nicotine... Modern encyclopedia

A(y); m. [from Spanish tabacco] 1. Herbaceous and shrubby plant of the family. nightshade, the leaves of which contain nicotine. Tobacco crops. Wild growing tobacco. Sow the T.T. to the height of a person. 2. (special; pl.: tobacco, ov; to denote various... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Tobacco- Flowering Tobacco (Nicotiana Alata). TOBACCO, a genus of one and perennial herbs and shrubs (Solanaceae family). 66 species. Real tobacco (smoking) is grown in Asian countries, the USA, Bulgaria, etc.; in Russia in the Krasnodar region (small... ... Illustrated encyclopedic Dictionary

- (Nicotiana), a genus of annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs of the family. Solanaceae The leaves are alternate, entire, and often glandular. Flowers are bisexual, 5-membered, in panicles; pollination by insects, sometimes hummingbirds. The fruit is a capsule with many... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary

TOBACCO- (Nicotiana), a genus of annual and perennial herbaceous plants, rarely shrubs of the family. nightshade, narcotic rnie. 66 species, temperate and subtropical. belts of America, Australia and Polynesia. Grown (in America long before its discovery by Europeans, in... ... Agricultural Encyclopedic Dictionary